Homework & classwork today • Homework for Today: Summarized notes. • Re-read pages 957 – 961, deals with cholesterol & pages 963-965 (The Respiratory System) • Show me your notes from both now. • Due Thursday – Read finish reading 963-968 • Quiz on Friday (May 16 th ) on all material covered.
Homework & classwork today Homework for Today: Summarized notes. Re-read pages 957 – 961, deals with cholesterol & pages 963-965 (The Respiratory System)
Homework & classwork today Homework for Today: Summarized
notes. Re-read pages 957 961, deals with cholesterol & pages
963-965 (The Respiratory System) Show me your notes from both now.
Due Thursday Read finish reading 963- 968 Quiz on Friday (May 16 th
) on all material covered.
Slide 2
Circulatory System & Disease What are the three types of
circulatory diseases: 1. Heart Disease (clogging of the arteries)
2. Stroke 3. High Blood pressure
Slide 3
Review Arthrosclerosis is caused by the build up of plaque (fat
/ cholesterol) on the artery walls. Chest pain called Angina is a
sign of restricted blood flow and if left untreated can lead to a
heart attack and / or tissue death of the heart muscle known as
heart failure. It can damage the SA and AV nodes which will
interrupt the coordination of the Atrium / Ventricle
contractions.
Slide 4
Stroke Stroke It is the sudden onset of brain death (lack of O2
in the brain) due to a disruption of blood (O2 rich blood).
Slide 5
Circulatory System & Disease Signs & symptoms of a
Stroke: Numbness on one side of the body Facial dropping Weakness
on one side of the body Inability to speak, smile, move the tongue
side to side The stroke can lead to paralysis inability to move one
side of ones body. High Blood pressure Higher than 90 for the
diastolic (that number differs). So 144 / 96 would be considered
high Blood Pressure.
Slide 6
Circulatory System & Disease Typically caused by people
eating a high cholesterol diet (fast food for example). It can also
be a genetic thing. Heart disease runs in families as well as in
certain ethnic groups and regions of the country. For example:
Heart disease is more common in the South than in Colorado. What is
cholesterol? It is a lipid (a water soluble fat) from animal cell
membrane. It is transported in the blood two ways
Slide 7
Cholesterol Typically caused by people eating a high
cholesterol diet First type of transport: 1. Low-density
lipoprotein this typically carries the type of cholesterol that
sticks to the walls of the arteries. Which is why it is called the
Bad Cholesterol 2. High-density lipoprotein often called the Good
Cholesterol because it carries excess cholesterol from arteries and
tissues to the liver. The processes and removes. LDL receptors
scientist discovered that on the liver there are receptors that
binds LDL and is brought to cells. Inside the cell the cholesterol
is broken down and stored for later use or for making more
cholesterol and / or bile (which breaks down food).
Slide 8
Cholesterol When cholesterol levels are high, the liver takes
it from the blood rather than make its own. When low, the liver
produces its own cholesterol. Through bad genetics some people
produce defective LDL receptors. First issue if not working then
the liver cannot remove cholesterol. The greater issue is that the
liver does not get the message to stop producing cholesterol so
there is an excess. This second problem is that belly-flop
commercial.
Slide 9
Connecting the heart & lungs The entry way to the
respiratory system is the mouth & nose. The entire system
consists of: Nose Mouth Pharynx (back of the throat) Trachea (the
thing in the movies that people are always so eager to cut into to
save someones life if they are choking). Sometimes called the
wind-pipe. Bronchi (grape shaped objects that exchange oxygen &
carbon dioxide inside the lungs) The lungs
Slide 10
Connecting the heart & lungs The nose and the mouth allow
air to flow into the body but they also act as a filter to remove
particles from entering the lungs. The pharynx is the area that
connects the nasal cavity and the oral cavity. The trachea is the
rigid tube between the pharynx and the lungs. The larynx aka the
vocal cords. They are contained between the pharynx & the
trachea. They create sound by vibrating and moving closer together.
To keep food from going into the lungs, there is a flap called the
Epiglottis. It allows air into the lungs and food to pass by the
lungs and go to the digestive system.
Slide 11
The Lungs The lungs are made of five lobes. The tubes splitting
the lungs are called the bronchi. When someone gets bronchitis,
what is happening? The bronchi are irritated and inflamed. Remember
itis means swelling of. They get inflamed and filled with fluid and
if left untreated can lead to pneumonia. Within these the bronchi
are grape like structures called alveoli. These are where the O 2 /
CO 2 exchange actually occur.
Slide 12
The gas exchange O2 binds with the hemoglobin and then
transports the O2 from alveoli to the capillaries. The CO2 diffuses
in three different ways: 1. Most enters the red blood cells and
combines with water to form carbonic acid (which is waste product).
2. Others bind with plasma 3. The rest will bind with hemoglobin
& proteins Once in the lungs (Alveoli) the process is
reversed.
Slide 13
Inhalation & exhalation Surrounding the lungs are thin sacs
almost like balloons. Below the lungs is a muscle called the
diaphragm. The diaphragm helps to push air out as well as acting
like a vacuum to pull air in. For example when someone is choking
they try to expel the foreign object with the Heimlich
maneuver.