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Homer, HEROES, and The Odyssey. Homer. Ancient Greek epic poet No reliable biographical information about him May have lived around the time of the Trojan War OR 3 centuries later Believed that he was a court singer and storyteller Author of The Iliad and The Odyssey. Homer. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Homer, HEROES, and The Odyssey
HomerAncient Greek epic poet
No reliable biographical information about him
May have lived around the time of the Trojan War OR 3 centuries later
Believed that he was a court singer and storyteller
Author of The Iliad and The Odyssey
Homer
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Greek rootsPhilia - love for
Phobia - fear of
Necro - death
Homo - same
Biblio - book
Cardia - heart
Podi - feet
Pedi or paedi - child
Types of Heroes
Situation Hero: A person who “saves the day” by completing a heroic act.This person’s hero status may be celebrated, but only for a short period of time.
Epic Hero:A hero has some unusual qualities that separates him from the average person.In Greek mythology, a hero was often of divine origin, being the progeny of a deity. A hero can be defined as a person who acts in a way that benefits the greater good of his society.
OTHER TYPES OF HEROESHeroes fall into one of (or sometimes a combination of) three main archetypes or categories:
• the Warrior,
• the Scholar,
• and the Saint.
The Warrior HeroThe Warrior archetype are those who in some way base their sense of hero-hood on strength.
This could be strength of purpose, physical strength, will power, endurance, perseverance, or some other form of strength
The ScholarThe Scholar archetype bases their sense of hero-hood on being 'smart'.
This could be founded in formal education, street-smarts, skills and abilities.
The SaintThe Saints base their sense of hero-hood in a desire to be (or be seen as) good.
This could be played out through formal religion or through doing things that are generally seen as "good."
The Tragic HeroNoble birth
Well-liked
Tragic flaw (hamartia)
Downfall
The OdysseyAn adventure story
Odysseus
Journey home from Troy
Survival
Divine justice
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Characters in The OdysseyOdysseus - son of Laertes, king of Ithaca, hero of Trojan War, master of strategies
Eurylochus - second in command to Odysseus
Calypso
Athena
Poseidon
Hermes
Characters in The OdysseyLotus-eaters
Polyphemus - son of Poseidon, a Cyclops
Aeolus - keeper of the winds
Circe
Characters in The OdysseyIn the Underworld:
Hades
Teiresias - blind prophet
Agamemnon
Achilles
Ajax
Heracles
Characters in The OdysseyBack in Ithaca:
Penelope - wife of Odysseus
Telemachus - son of Odysseus and Penelope
Antinous - principal suitor
Terms/Techniques to look forEpic - long narrative poem or story about a hero
Reflects customs, habits, aspirations of a people
Hero’s legendary travels, over a long period of time
Muses - goddesses of the artsCalled upon by the author to help tell the story
In medias res - in the middle of thingsStory starts in the middle, at hero’s lowest point
Terms/Techniques to look forDeeds of valor
Superhuman courage
HamartiaA fatal flaw leading to the downfall of a hero
HubrisExcessive pride or self-confidence
Supernatural forces - ie. the gods
RepetitionWhat stock phrases do you see used again and again?
Roles of the godsDetermine human misery
Punish humans
Provide aid to humans
Deus ex machinaGod from the machinery
An unexpected power or event saving a seemingly hopeless situation
JOSEPH CAMPBELL’S HERO JOURNEY
HOW TO BECOME
AN EPIC HERO
The Hero’s Journey
A hero’s journey can be divided into steps.
The journey is a single process and an individual adventure towards growth and transformation.
The sequence of elements and the duration of the experiences will vary from one person to another.
Remember that the journey is a process of separation, transformation, and return.
Each stage must be completed successfully if the hero-candidate is to become Heroic.
The Hero Journey (overview)Separation or Departure (from the known) -The Call to Adventure-Refusal of the Call-Supernatural Aid-Crossing the First Threshold
Initiation and Transformation -The Road of Trials-Meeting with the Goddess-Atonement with the Father-Apotheosis-Ultimate Boon
The Return (to the known world) -The Refusal of the Return-Rescue from Without-Magic Flight-Crossing of the Return Threshold-Master of Two Worlds-Freedom to Live
The Separation & Departure
The Call to Adventure The hero-candidate is “called” or offered the opportunity to face the unknown and gain something of physical or spiritual value.
He may choose willingly to undertake the quest, or we may be dragged into it unwillingly.
The hero-candidate is summoned by a HERALD or messenger.
The Call continued
The hero-candidate’s call to adventure may be a blunder (unintended mistake) which reveals an unsuspected world, and that individual is drawn into a relationship with forces that are not rightly understood.
Within this range The Call can take many forms: • something taken from the hero-candidate, his family, or society;
the quest is to reclaim it, • Something is lacking in the hero-candidate’s life, and he must find
what is missing, • Wants to save or restore honor to one’s self own, family, or
country. • Something is not permitted to members of his society, and he must
win these rights for his people.
Supernatural Aid
In most stories, the hero will have a guide, someone who is wise in the ways of the world, and someone who will offer the hero guidance and wisdom as he/she progresses through the journey.