Homeostasis & Regulation Popad 2014

7/26/2019 Homeostasis & Regulation Popad 2014

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By

Dr.M.Anthony David M

Professor of Physiolog

HOMEOSTASIS& CONTO! S"STE

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HISTORICALIn the 19thCentury, Claude Bernard

introduced the concept of milieuinterieur

!eanin" the internal en#ironment ofthe $ody%

He &aid that the #olume andcompo&ition of thi& 'uid i& maintained

con&tant%

(hat i& the internal en#ironment of the$ody)

It i& the *+tra Cellular luid -*C.

/


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HO!*OSTASIS0

In 19/9, an American hy&iolo"i&t,#alter B Cannon coined thi& termHo$eostasis, to de&cri$e0

2the #ariou& phy&iolo"ic arran"ement&3hich &er#e to re&tore the normal&tate, once it ha& $een di&tur$ed

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HO!*OSTASIS

The &in"le mo&t importantfunction, of all the &y&tem&

in the $ody i&Ho$eostasis.

(hat i& Homeo&ta&i&)

The maintainence of therelati#e con&tancy of theinternal environ$ent i&

Ho$eostasis. 5


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HO!*OSTASIS0homeo6 &ame7 stasis6 &tandin"&till% Homeo&ta&i& i& the term 3e u&e to

de&cri$e the con&tant &tate of theinternal en#ironment% Homeo&ta&i& i& a &tate of

$alance in the $ody%The proce&&e& and acti#itie&that help to maintain homeo&ta&i&

are referred to a& homeo&taticmechani&m&%


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What is the internal

environment?The internal en#ironment i&the sea in %hih all the

ells of the 'ody (oat. It i& al&o called a& the E)tra

Cell*lar +l*id ,EC+- a& it i&out&ide the cell&%

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THE HUMAN BODY

An a#era"e adult man i& / 0g in$ody 3ei"ht

He i& made up of 1// Trillion

ells%The cell& are or"anied into

tiss*es%

Ti&&ue& complementin" each otherfu&e to form organs% Or"an& 3ith commonality of

function, "roup into Organ

syste$s%I?*RS*

!IL@ (A

SOLAR SST*!

LA>*T *ARTH

H=!A>O=LATIO>

>ATIO>STAT*

A!IL

!A>(O!A>

!I>:, SO=L D BO:

BO:

OREA>S

TISS=*S

C*LLS

S=BC*LL=LAROREA>*LL*S

!OL*C=L*S

ATO!S

S=BATO!IC ARTICL*S

OREA> SST*!STH*

H

*IRARC

H

O

SST*!SF

Ourfocu&

i&here


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THE ORGAN SYSTEMS BLOO: !=SC=LOS@*L*T

AL SST*! R*>AL SST*! R*SIRATOR

SST*! CAR:IO

?ASC=LAR

SST*!

*>:OCRI>*SST*!

EASTROI>T*STI>AL SST*! R*RO:=CTI?*

SST*! S*CIAL S*>SORSST*!

>*R?O=S SST*!

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The overallf*ntion

of all syste$s is2HOMEOSTASIS

1G


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How isHomeostasisdone?

EC+ 3 Trans4orted in t%ostages3 Intravas*lar $ove$ent3

Thro*gh the Blood vesselsE)travas*lar $ove$ent 3

+ro$ the a4illaries into the

Interell*lar s4aes Most of the EC+ is onstantly

'eing $i)ed

This hel s it to $aintain its11


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Contribution of theSystems

Blood I& the 'uid medium of tran&port

Cardio 5as*lar Syste$ ,C5S- ro#ide& the pump for the $lood

es4iratory Syste$

Repleni&he& O+y"en from theatmo&phere

*+crete& 3a&te "a& Car$on dio+ide1/


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6astro Intestinal Syste$ ro#ide& nutrient& lie "luco&e to

the circulation M*s*los0eletal Syste$ 3!o#e& the $ody to &ource& of

nutrition 7idneys3 enal Syste$ 3Remo#e all 3a&te& from the $lood

14

Contribution of theSystems


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NERVOUS SYSTEM

Sen&ory Input

Inte"ration

!otor Output

Autonomic Sy&tem Sympathetic i"ht or

li"ht

ara Sympathetic Re&t D

:i"e&t 15


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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM *i"ht !aJor *ndocrine "land&

&ecrete hormone&

Hormone& "o to tar"et ti&&ue&

throu"h $lood They maintain the homeo&ta&i& of

meta$oli&m

Eluco&e at

rotein

!ineral

1K


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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Ho3 doe& it contri$ute toHomeo&ta&i&)

!aintain& the homeo&ta&i& ofthe race%

Repleni&he& people 3ho aredyin"

The "enome i& eternal

It continue& throu h the18


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Homeostasis of the race

1TROLSST*!S

>e"ati#e feed$ac control &y&temThe #aria$le 3hich ha& $ecome more

i& reduced $y the &y&tem%

*+ample Thyro+ine TSH Thyro+ine -Center ituitary Eland.

o&iti#e feed$ac control &y&tem ?iciou& Cycle Initiatin" &timulu& cau&e& more of the

&ameM /1


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CO>TROL SST*!

//


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HOMEOSTASIS - DISEASE

HOMEO

STASIS *N=ILIBRI=!O,TH*I>T*R>AL*>?IRO>!*>T

DIST8

BANCE *T*R>ALORI>T*R>ALSTI!=LI:IST=RBI>EHO!*OSTASIS

+AI!

8E ,AIL=R*O,HO!*OSTATIC!*CHA>IS!

DISE

ASE :IS*AS*

/4


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R*T=R> TO HO!*OSTASIS

**CTS OR R*SO>S*

**:BAC@ SST*! ACTI?AT*:

:*T*CT*: B TH* S*>SOR

CHA>E* I> HSIOLOEICAL ?ARIABL*

STI!=LI OR STR*SS

/5


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?* **:BAC@ CO>TROL

/K?ARIABL* R*T=R>STO >OR!AL

I>HIBITIO> O RO:=CTIO> O ?ARIABL*

>*EATI?* **:BAC@ SST*! ACTI?AT*:

:*T*CT*: B TH* S*>SOR

HSIOLOEICAL ?ARIABL* RIS*S ABO?* S*T OI>T

STI!=LI OR STR*SS


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/8

HO!*OSTASIS

:ISR=TIO>

S*>SOR I>=TSSIE>AL

CO>TROL C*>T*RO=T=TS SIE>AL

**CTOR !*:IAT*S

R*SO>S*

R*T=R>S TO HO!*OSTASIS

>*EATI?***:BAC@

!*CHA>IS!


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A POSITIVE FEEDBACKCONTROL

I>A>T S=C@L*S>IL* STI!=LATIO>

I>CR*AS*SOTOCI>

!IL@ *P*CTIO>OCC=RS

!IL@ *>T*RS I>TOI>A>TQS !O=TH

/TROLSST*!S *A!L*S

BODY THERMO-REGULATION:Core B.Temp between 960to 98.40F

BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATIONWITHIN NORMAL LIMITS

REGULATION OF HORMONES:

Neither Hypo nor Hyper, but Eu

/F

B d li


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Body ooling

$ehanis$s1% S3eatin". (hen the $ody i& hot, &3eat

"land& are &timulated to relea&e&3eat%

. The liuid &3eat e#aporate&%

. To do thi&, it need& heat%. It "et& that heat from your &in%

.

A& your &in lo&e& heat, it cool&


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S3eatin"

The&in

Body Cooling


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Body Cooling$ehanis$s...

/% ?a&odilation. Blood carrie& mo&t of the heatener"y around the $ody%

. There are cutaneou& capillarie&underneath the &in

. They are full of $lood if the $ody i&

too hot%. Thi& $rin"& the $lood clo&er to the

&in &o more heat can $e lo&t%


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If the temperature ri&e&, the $lood#e&&el dilate& -"et& $i""er.%

!OR* H*AT LOSS RO! S@I>

d i


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Body #ar$ingMehanis$s

1% ?a&ocon&triction. Thi& i& the oppo&ite of

#a&odilation. The capillarie& underneath the

&in "et con&tricted -&hut o;.%

. Thi& tae& the $lood a3ay fromthe &urface of the &in &o le&&

heat can $e lo&t%


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If the te$4erat*re falls9 the 'loodvessel onstrits ,gets sh*t o:-.

!ESS HEAT !OSS +OM S7IN

B d # i


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Body #ar$ing

Mehanis$s/% iloerection. Thi& i& 3hen the hair& on the &in

&tand up %. It i& &ometime& called "oo&e

$ump&M

. The hair trap a layer of air ne+t tothe &in 3hich i& then 3armed $y

the $ody heat


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BP l ti


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4TROLL*R

S*>SOR

**CTORS

BP eg*lation


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THROI: HOR!O>*S A >*EATI?***:BAC@ R*E=LATIO>

H"POTHA!AM8S

TH

ANTPIT

TH"OID 6!AND

TSH

T;& T


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R*?I*( Homeo&ta&i& the

maintainance of the relati#econ&tancy of the internal

en#ironment O#erall Eoal of all or"an

&y&tem& i& homeo&ta&i& Control Sy&tem&>e"ati#e eed$ac

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Than& for li&tenin"

Eo no3 and read up M

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Homeostasis & Regulation Popad 2014