Loyola University Chicago Loyola University Chicago

Loyola eCommons Loyola eCommons

Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations

1982

Home Range, Primary Home Range, Swimming Speeds and Home Range, Primary Home Range, Swimming Speeds and

Habitat Preference of the Largemouth Bass, the Bluegill, the Habitat Preference of the Largemouth Bass, the Bluegill, the

Yellow Perch and the Pumpkinseed as Determined Via Radio Yellow Perch and the Pumpkinseed as Determined Via Radio

Telemetry Telemetry

Pamela A. Fish Loyola University Chicago

Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses

Part of the Biology Commons

Recommended Citation Recommended Citation Fish, Pamela A., "Home Range, Primary Home Range, Swimming Speeds and Habitat Preference of the Largemouth Bass, the Bluegill, the Yellow Perch and the Pumpkinseed as Determined Via Radio Telemetry" (1982). Master's Theses. 3310. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/3310

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact ecommons@luc.edu.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1982 Pamela A. Fish

HOME RANGE, PRIMARY HOME RANGE, SWIMMING SPEEDS AND

HABITAT PREFERENCE OF THE LARGEMOUTH BASS, THE

BLUEGILL, THE YELLOW PERCH AND THE PUMPKINSEED

AS DETERMINED VIA RADIO TELEMETRY.

by

PAMELA A. FISH

A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate

School of Loyola University of Chicago in Partial

Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE

APRIL

1982

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.

I would like to thank Dr. J. Savitz for his help and

encouragement throughout the study and in the preparation of

this thesis. I would also like to thank Drs. E. Palinscar

and s. Freedman for their help and constructive recommenda­

tions.

I would also like to extend my appreciation to R.

Weszely, c. Prekezes and H. and A. Minicotti in helping to

collect the data and P. Zagotta for the illustrations.

ii

VITA

The author, Pamela A. Fish, is the daughter of the

late Fred J. Fish and Mildred (Johnson) Fish. She was born

January 19, 1958, in Evergreen Park, Illinois.

Her elementary education was obtained in parochial

schools of the Archdiocese of Chicago, and secondary educa­

tion at Mother McAuley High School for girls, Chicago, Illi­

nois, where she graduated in 1975.

In September 1975, she entered Loyola University of

Chicago, and in January 1980, received the degree of Bache­

lor of Science with a major in Biology.

In January of 1980 she was granted an assistantship in

Biology at Loyola University of Chicago. In May 1982 she

was awarded the Master of Science in Biology.

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.

VITA. . . . . . . . TABLE OF CONTENTS •

LIST OF TABLES ••

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS •

INTRODUCTION ••••••

MATERIAL AND METHODS ••

Material •••• Methods ••••

HOME RANGE RESULTS.

. .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .

PAGE • • ii

• •• iii

iv

• • v

• • vi

• • 1

• • • 4

• • • • • • • • 4 • • • • • • • • 6

. . . . . . . . . • • • 19

Largemouth Bass Home Range Results •••••••• 19 Largemouth Bass Home Range Statistics. • ••• 33

_Bluegill Home Range Results. • • • • • • • 54 Bluegill Home Range Statistics • • • ••••• 60 Yellow Perch Home Range Results •••••••••• 74 Yellow Perch Home Range Statistics • • • • • • 79 Pumpkinseed Home Range Results • • • • • • • • 86 Pumpkinseed Home Range Statistics ••••••••• 89

HABITAT PREFERENCE RESULTS. . . . . . . . • 96

Largemouth Bass Habitat Preference • • • • • • 97 Bluegill Habitat Preference •••••••••••• 98 Pumpkinseed Habitat Preference •••••••••• 98 Yellow Perch Habitat Preference •••••••••• 99

SWIMMING SPEEDS • . . . . . . • 104

ORIENTATION • . . . . . . . . . • 110

DISCUSSION. . . . . . 114

SUMMARY • • . . . . • 123

LITERATURE CITED •• • 125

iv

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1. ERROR IN TRIANGULATION • . . . . . . . . . . . • 11

2 • ERROR IN RESECTIONING . . • • 12

3. DEPTH VS. DISTANCE SIGNAL RECEIVED • . . . . . . • • 12

4. LARGEMOUTH BASS HOME AND PRIMARY HOME RANGE RESULTS 36

5. BLUEGILL HOME RANGE AND PRIMARY HOME RANGE RESULTS • 63

6. YELLOW PERCH HOME RANGE AND PRIMARY HOME RANGE RESULTS • . . . . . . . • • • 80

7. PUMPKINSEED HOME RANGE AND PRIMARY HOME RANGE RESULTS . . • • 9 0

8. LARGEMOUTH BASS HABITAT PREFERENCE • 100

9. BLUEGILL HABITAT PREFERENCE . . . . . . . 101

10. PUMPKINSEED HABITAT PREFERENCE •• . . 102

11. YELLOW PERCH HABITAT PREFERENCE . . . . . . . . . 103

12. LARGEMOUTH BASS SWIMMING SPEEDS . . . 106

13. BLUEGILL SWIMMING SPEEDS . . . . . . . . . . 107

14. YELLOW PERCH SWIMMING SPEEDS • . . . . . . . . . . 108

15. PUMPKINSEED SWIMMING SPEEDS 109

v

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIGURE PAGE

1. Large transmitter weighing 4.5g • . . . . • 13

2. Small transmitter, small transmitter with cork ••• 13

3. Radio transmitter being attached to a ••••• yellow perch beneath dorsal fin

4. Yellow perch with transmitter. and button ••

5. Largemouth bass in holding tank with transmitter attached

. 14

• 14

15

6. Bluegill in hol<ling tank with transmitter ••••• 15 attached

7 • Map of Cedar Lake . . . . . 17-18

8. Largemouth Bass II 1 • . . . . . . . . 38

9. Largemouth Bass IF 3 • . . . . . . 39

10. Largemouth Bass fl l & 112 & 113 • . . . . . . . 40

11. Largemouth Bass 114 • . . . . . . . . 41

12. Island Largemouth Bass fl 6 . . . . 42

13. Largemouth Bass # 7 • . . . . 43

14. Largemouth Bass IF 8. . . . 44

15. Largemouth Bass fl 7 & fl 8 . . . . . 45

16. Island Largemouth Bass 1110. . . . . . . . . 46

1 7. Largemouth Rass # 11 . . . . . . 47

18. Largemouth Rass fl2 H.R. fl 1 • . . . . . . . A8

19. Largemouth Bass #2 H.R. ffl & IF 2 . . . . . 49

20. Largemouth Bass #2 H.R. #2. . . . . so

21. Largemouth Rass #12 H.R. fl 1 . . . . . . . . . 51

22. Largemouth Bass fll 2 R.R. fl 1 & 112 • . . . . . . . 52

vi

Page

23. La r gem ou th Bas s II 12 H.R. 112 53

24. Bluegill #3 65

25. Bluegill #4 66

26. Island Bluegill II 8. 67

27. Island Bluegill II 9. 68

28. Island Bluegill I! 10 69

29. Island Bluegill II 5. 70

30. Bluegill 116 71

31. Bluegill 1'7 72

32. Bluegill Ill 73

33. Yellow Perch I! 3 82

34. Yellow Perch II 5 83

35. Yellow Perch I! 4 84

3 6. Yellow Perch #1 85

37. Island Pumpkinseed II 2 92

38. Pumpkinseed 116 • 93

39. Pumpkinseed 114 • 94

40. Pumpkinseed 115 • 95

vii

INTRODUCTION

A number of earlier studies since the 1940's have

investigated the ecology of freshwater predatory fish spec-

i es. Most of these studies asked the same basic question:

Why are these fish where they are? The answer to this ques­

tion is found through the investigation of freshwater fishes

community structure.

Many of the earlier studies looked at fish movements

as the key to the interact ions that compose a fr es hwa ter

fish's community.

(1947) i ndi cat ed

throughout a lake.

One of the earliest studies by Ball

that largemouth bass moved randomly

Gerking on the other hand (1953) demon-

strated that a number of freshwater fishes, for example the

smallmouth bass and a number of other stream dwelling cen-

trarchids, establish home ranges. Lewis and Flickinger

(1967) in a ten acre lake showed that the largemouth bass

establishes a home range. Hasler and Wisby (1958) demon-

strated that the largemouth bass and green sunfish homed

after displacement in a one-half acre pond. Parker and Has-

ler (1959) showed the largemouth bass, the bluegill and the

pumpkinseed to have homing tendencies and that certian-bass

have more of a tendency to home than others. Gunning and

Shoop (1963) demonstrated that the longear sunfish and blue-

1

2 gill establish home ranges in streams. They also found that

the size of the home range was dependent on the size -0f the

fish and time.

Because most of these studies depended on recapturing

marked fish, daily or even weekly movements of fish could

not be ascertained. With the advent of radio telemetry in

the late 1950'8, home ranges of fish could be measured more

precisely and in larger bodies of water. Also daily fish

movements could be studied, swimming speeds determined and

various aspects of the fishes environment could be examined

to determine why they establish home ranges and what factors

are important in determining home range size.

One of the first studies to measure home range areas

of largemouth bass via radio telemetry was by Winter (1976).

He found these fish establish home ranges varying in size

from 0.275 to 1.41 hectares. Other studies by Diana (1977

and 1980) used radio telemetry to study swimming speeds and

habitat utilization of the northern pike. My purpose was to

measure home range and primary home ranges of the largemouth

bass, the bluegill, the yellow perch and the pumpkinseed. I

also looked at variations in home ranges such as a fish hav-

ing more than one home range in a single season or more than

one primary home range within the home range area. Habitat

preference of the various species was studied as well as the

fishes' swimming speeds within each of these habitats. This

was undertaken to determine what physiographic factors are

important in freshwater fishes home range, how a fish uti-

3

lizes its home range and what causes a fish to establish a

home range.

4

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Material

Eleven Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides), nine

Bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus), six Pumpkinseed (Lepomis

gibbosus) and four Yellow Perch (Perea flavescens) were

studied via radio telemetry. The Largemouth bass were

21.5cm to 37.6cm (x=26.3cm) in length, bluegills from 15.5cm

to 19cm (x•l7.4cm), pumpkinseed from 13.8cm to 16cm

(x=15.lcm) and yellow perch from 19.8cm to 22.5cm (x=21cm).

Fish were caught by seining at specific locations in Cedar

Lake, a 115 hectare lake located in Lake County, Illinois.

Three largemouth bass were caught by hook and line. The

fish were transported back to Loyola University, where

within four days a transmitter was attached.

Transmitters were supplied by the AVM Instrument Com­

pany in Champaign, Illinois. They were continuous wave pul­

sating transmitters with frequencies between 49.3 to 49.6

MHz. These frequencies were chosen because of their

superior ability to transmit radio waves thru water.

Two different size transmitters were used. Large

transmitters weighing 4.5g were placed primarily on large­

mouth bass, while smaller transmitters weighing 2.6g were

placed on smaller fish. The 4.5g transmitters were powered

by a mercury 1.35 volt battery and had the following dimen­

sions; 3cm x l.2cm x 0.5cm. The average current drain of

this transmitter is .07ma (milliamps) and with a rated

5 capacity of 8.0 ma-days, the theoretical life span of the

larger transmitter is 114 days. The 2.6g transmitter was

also powered, by a mercury 1.35 battery and had a diameter of

0.7cm. and a height of 0.4cm. Its rated capacity is

1.8ma-days with an average current drain of .07ma. This

smaller transmitter has a theoretical life span of 25 days.

These theoretical values do not take into account various

environmental factors, such as the temperature of the water,

which can alter the drain on a battery.

The model LA 12 telemetry receiver from the AVM

Instrument Company was used. It has as standard equipment

twelve 25KHz channels with the capacity to receive at least

two signals on each channel without overlapping individual

frequencies. Thus the receivers have the capacity to

receive up to 24 transmitters at one time. The receivers

were powered by a 12 volt portable motorcycle battery which

allowed up to six days of continuous tracking without rec-

barging.

Two types of antennas were used during the study. One

type of antenna was the M-Yagi hand held type. This is a

highly-directional antenna with a square configuration of

75cm on each side. It is a smaller version of the Yagi

antenna and while it does not have the full potential of

receiving as a Yagi does, it has the main advantage of being

portable. This antenna was mainly used in obtaining trian-

gulation data.

The second type of antenna is a miniature loop

antenna.

6

It has a rectangular configuration with a metal

base and measures 8cm x 13cm. This antenna·was mainly used

in resectioning data as it is highly directional and very

accurate over short distances.

METHODS

Transmitters were activated by soldering the circuit

a ct iv a t i n g w i re t o t he b a t t e r y t e rm i n a 1 • Once the connec-

tion was complete the entire unit was covered with a thin

layer of silicon or hard wax to protect the circuits and

battery from possible water leakage. If the fish was less

than 16.S~m in length, cork shavings approximately 4mm thick

were placed around the entire unit and siliconed or hot

waxed into position. This provided neutral buoyancy to the

weight of the transmitter. Then three strands of eight

pound monofilament fishing line were tied to the antenna

portion of the transmitter by three modified fisherman

knots. The lines were threaded through a needle and

inserted thru the muscle beneath the dorsal fin. This line

was secured to a four hole button with square knots to pre­

vent slippage.

Once the tf"ansmitter was attached, the fish was

observed in a holding tank until it exhibited normal swim-

ming behavior. Adaption time to the transmitter differed

among the four species. Observations for the first four

hours of a largemouth bass showed the fish leaning to the

side of the transmitter. Between the fifth and seventh hour

7 the fish became more upright and exhibited near normal

activity. By seven to nine hours after attachment the fish

showed complete adaptation with no evidence of impaired

movement due to the transmitter. Trials on bluegills, pump-

kinseeds and yellow· perch all exhibited the same type of

behavior with complete adaptation reached within six to

eight hours. These observations are in agreement with those

reported by Gallepp and Magnuson (1972) on bluegills and

Winter (1976) on largemouth bass.

Once the fish was adapted to the transmitter it was

transported back to Cedar Lake and released at the point of

capture. Swimming direction and other activities were ini-

tially noted by visual observation and later by radio track-

ing.

Fish were tracked from predetermined stations along

the shoreline of Cedar Lake as well as from boats. A total

of 32 stations were set up every 51.6 to 73.3 meters along

the shoreline as well as the island in the lake.

Radio tracked readings were taken simultaneously by

two people at two different stations. The following method

w a s u s e d t o · d e t e rm i n e a f i sh "" s 1 o ca t i o n • The antenna was

held out parallel to the water surface. A signal strength

meter on the receiver was watched as the antenna was moved

along an arc from side to side until the highest point on

the meter was noted. The antenna was then moved to the left

until the meter read two points below the highest reading.

At this position a compass reading of the direction of the

antenna was noted. 8

The antenna was then brought back to the

highest meter reading position and then moved to the right

till the signal again dropped two polnts and a compass read-

ing was taken. These two readings we re noted and their

bisect was found. The two direction angles from the two

stations were then plotted on a hydrographic map of Cedar

Lake, where upon the location of the fish was noted. It

took approximately 20 seconds to find the two angles that

determine the bisect. This process was repeated every five

minutes for approximately 1.0 to l.'1 hoqcs.

A method termed resectioning was used when the fish

could not be tracked from shore· because of depth or signal

interference caused by aquatic macrophytes. This method

involves searching for the fish from a boat and scanning the

area with the antenna until a signal is noted. When this

signal was received at the same 0

strength for 360 a compass

reading was taken with a sighting compass to buoys set up

along shore at specific stations. These compass readings

were also plotted on a hydrographic map of Cedar Lake and

the fish's position noted.

Error involved in these methods was determined by

attaching a transmitter to a line and bobber and putting the

bobber out in the lake at various depths and distances.

Triangulation error was 1.8° when the transmitter was 130

meters offshore (Table 1). This distance was chosen because

the majority of fish were tracked at distances less than

this. In distance this error is 1.68 meters and decreases

9

as distance from shore decreases. At 30 meters the error is

o.7 meters.

Error in resectioning was also determined in a similar

manner yet distance from the actual test transmitter was

measured. In a weedless area of the lake, distance from the

actual transmitter averaged 13.9cm and was considered negli-

gible. In a weedy area of the lake error was 3. 0 meters.

This error is mainly due to diffraction of the radio waves

by aquatic vegetation (Table 2).

The ability to receive the signal at various depths

was also tested. Within the first 6 meters of water the

signal dropped off rapidly, such that no signal could be

detected at 10.6 meters or deeper (Table 3).

All of these tests were done using the M-Yagi hand

held antenna. In trials with the minature loop antenna,

whether the transmitter was in open water or heavy weeds,

the small antenna pinpointed the transmitter with no measur­

able error.

A hydrographic map of Cedar Lake was drawn by mapping

out the shoreline and island with sighting compasses and

poles (Figure 117). Weed bed dimensions and depths were

determined with sighti~g compasses and an echo sounder that

recorded on a strip chart the sounder charts were then re­

recorded on a map of Cedar Lake. The areas of the five

habitats namely sand, light weeds, heavy weeds, edge of

weeds (edge effect) and open water were determined with the

use of a planimeter from the map of Cedar Lake. Temperature

10 and oxygen profiles were taken at various sites during the

study.

11

TABLE 1

ERROR IN TRIANGULATION

Actual Transmitter Location (degrees)

54°

54°

61°

58°

58.5°

60°

54°

54°

57°

57°

Calculated Transmitter Degree Location (degrees) Error

53.5° -0.5 0

56° +2.o0

63° +20

60° +20

57° -1.5° x=1.8°

58° -20

56.5° +2.5°

53.5° -o.5°

59° +20

60° +30

Note: Error based on trials where transmitter 130 meters offshore and one position determined.

TABLE 2

ERROR IN RESECTIONING

No Weed Area

Trial Error in cm.

1 30.48

2 15.24 x=l 3. 9 7 cm

3 0

4 10.16

Weedy Area

Trial

1

2

3

4

Error in meters

3.03

2.43

3.03

3.64

TABLE 3

x=3.03 meters

DEPTH VS. DISTANCE SIGNAL RECEIVED

Depth (meters)

1.5 - 3.0

4.5 - 6.0

7.5 - 9.1

10.6 - deeper

Distance (meters)

151.7

60.7

15.2

No signal received

12

Figure 1: Large transmitter weighing 4.Sg

Figure 2: Small transmitter (left), Small transmitter with cork (right).

13

Figure 3: Radio transmitter being attached to a yellow perch beneath dorsal fin.

14

Figure 4: Yellow perch with transmitter and button.

Figure 5: Largemouth bass in holding tank with transmitt e r a ttached.

Figure 6: Bluegill in holding tank with transmitter attached.

15

16

LEGEND FOR MAP OF CEDAR LAKE

Heavy Weeds

Light Weeds

Sand

Open Water

Shoreline

Island or Mainland as Indicated

!ey to Sym.bols_ -

Hx . . .Heavy Weed Bed fix

Lx . .Light Weed Bed /Ix

OSLW . .Offshore Light Weeds

HSWB . . .Heavy Horseshoe Shaped Weed Bed

IHx. .Island Heavy Weed Bed /Ix

ILx. .Island Light Weed Bed II x

HWB. . .Hedgerow Heavy Weed Bed

IOSLW. . .Island Offshore Light Weeds

·'"'· . ~'" ·'''''· ' ,,.,., ' -

--------°"".~~-~-;~::~~:~\~~~'· ... ·.·:~.,, ""''''· 11 . I ,\ '• ·''11!•,, .•.:.· •• I .-• • .• • ,1 1.. \/ . ,\

11. .•

1

''·· ' '· ,1\li,. II ·• '·· o·· ••• • ··•··•· I .1/1. ,,· ·'' I, ·''''· .... •••• ••• • •

\/ .I ''· ,\It,. I ....... ·'''·· .• 1.. ··' •• . • • • IL ·' . ,1\i~. • . .,;.!.I., •. ;~.•.: •

• ---"'='-~--::"":i.17. .. ~~·~·'~'···· ... ·"·· ·'• "'"· """· ·

1 ·"· ·"~· .. ;-. •. .>: ",'. ; ;•V•, •. • '"; ! • •·

...... ·"· "''--·" .. ""' '"' . . .. . . . . .. . . ...... ; . ,• • ·"" "'· .... ... ...... • . ...... ' " ...... ,, • : .............. : • ••• . 0 '· •

17· " . ""' ..... ·" .. • ................ ·•·.. •. -"" ' . ' "" ...... "'''ll>.u... ... '"' ··" .. '.?":.. . • • " .... : • " : ...... ,. ... c ""· "'"· ··" •.. ·""_.,,,__ """· ·"'" ·""· "' . . ·"'"· •. • . .-:,-• • • . • ' • I '. • .

"·· "" . ·'"· ' ""'·· .... ,. ..... "• . . .. . .. : ...... .-""· """ ·"· •'· ·""'· " """· """ "" "· ·""· .. •"-. " ; .. , '. '.',: '.' •. IA •• • • "· • ':.'. .... ""·· ...... ..... " .. . .. . . . ............. ; ............. ' ... .

.•. ... "" ...... """· .... ·"'"· "" ·"'"· , ..... : : .: .. '" ................ : .... .. .111 I/ ( " " '" ••,.,., •••' "'""•• "· •''" o' 0,. ""<-.• •. ,,\ I,, .... ll., .1•lt1, .. I": '' O '• ..... : : :, ..• ~!, ... , ,' "0 ', '; ', 0, ... '•' ... ; IJ•

' " ....... ····· ....................... .. . ,;".. "'· ·" '· .. , .. ;. : • '. !,' ~ .... •: ........... ;.-, ; ! .. ; ...... ': ... : . ·"'"· "'"· ·"""·. ' ...... : ..... : .. ·: ..... ". . . . .. ' ........ · .. '·· ""·: ···"" .. v•·:. '. · •. !·;. ;,• i:' ,, '.• ; o': :.-. : • c;; ;:,. '",. .;,., • • • ••• • •, I• C' • •• • •• ..

• '

•)/,. I ,111,_ ' • ,o • .O • • "· •. ,• •'"•. .111. _.. ~-;,• .... • •• • •10•& ·' '· • I • • ·• • ' • • "' . I • . • • I "' ,I'-

1

0 '' •• • '·, ••• • I \\ 1

' ·,

1

~ •.· •• """ " . . . . .. . . '"' .. '· .• \; . . .. .. .'-,'o .,._.... , .. ""' .. ·"'· . ' •. 11 ,1lli.. It. 1111., ·· 111 ·"''-.. ·' . ~ ··" ... . ·" .. •' "'·· ... •. """ ·"'· . '

'· "" ... .. "·· , "'.. ·"'·· . . "'" . ... (._ ·"'· ·'"' .. .v.. " '· ·"'· .. .. " .. ,, . .. .. '· I

' .·'

1

'•. . ,,· . .111,.. .1Hi.. 111,.._ l'i · I . "".. """ . ·"''" ... "". .. "'. . . . .... ·""" ..... . . " ....

""· ..... ""'· ·" .... ''"''''· ...... ...... f> ' ..•• ,, .. . '; :.. . . ".. . "' • . • .v.. . "" ·"'· ,,

, """-.·"?, . ,,,, ,;,.~ ./ .... .,, ... ~ ' ... 1f"} ·"' "'~~£............ ·''!.;;-

··,\,11,. '.·.~... .11/.1.. ·'"':l

. "'·, .~'' ,.. .I '

" ··. f "''!' ·····. tlftt'l'b •'''•. "'''" • t •• • I ·. • •tf'· • p Q. •I. •I

"''··. "··. .; • •• • ~:· .. ·~ .. fl··''· ,,,, .••• ..·:::.~ •. ..: • : Q.; ...... ': 0 ... • d. ••• ·~ ~· ·:_; •

''"· .. !•. •. -. • •.• ; ~~ ..... • 1, ::'",·-.. , .•••• •• •.o. 'o' • :o·. "• .. . . . . . -' .... ···;: :;.: •• • :i. •• ~~: :;:.·

• • ........... ~ .......... 0 ,,'•.· ; • .:•., •·, •·o.': •

_ •·.o .• · .. ,: ···~·,• ':" o ,.. I :Oto ,•, • '. •O 1•., ,• •:" ~ .• ")., ..... I• t•. "••• O··• ~·· ...... •·.·~·· ··:- .. , .:.·~,:-....... ·.· . .:.:· .... ·:.

~ . ·····•·· .:· ....... "'.""~l'l ", : ,·". f ••• 0 ••••• •• • • ••••• , • .......... D.

.. o·. ···!·~.~.,.a,,. ,.; •• ·:.· !'.:. • ·;. •., ·a• :0 • •' .. ~ ...... ·.•· ....... . ........ ~.: ;.~-: .':'.· :. :~.

( ... ' •. •' • ··o •. • • • • o.• • . . ,_ :·.··;~~·.·.· .... : ..... 0.

~ • • ... ••• .. • • . .; "o· ·• J ,, ··'· .. •••••• .... ~.···.•. i'...&41 •·o. ···o·· • .- ... ,.,... .·.·•:•',: ... :7.-.~: :·.·o;· .\ .... • , •• ; o ••• o. ', • •o• •

"I .... ~ •• ·: • .. : •• '; ~: ••• ·, •• "'-·· • • ·•·• o. ••o f'. .... v ··.- .. ··· .... . ..... -.;.'i>.; ·: ••• ~:~ ... -~·-'.· .. ·.:..·.: ... :·· .. ·!I~: .. ··~· ...

• • 0 •• • • • • • • • • •• • • • • •'•.·: .• ··:• .. ··o·-.ca · ........... : ............•. • .. •. I(, ••• t • • • •• ' • ~ • • •

.• "\•~ ••·.•.··:•··.o.:'•o•. :~:·:·:·:-:si: ·.:· •. ·.·: .... ·.·~ .·.·····o~; •'':-\'-..;.·~:·:~· •.. ~ . . :""~ ~:0 .• :1· ... ~~'-o:·~::!:~:.::·.:-."

• •.• •. • ., ., • • .. ·• ...... o •.'.• •• · ....... • :=»~_· .... !';·: .... ........ •'.· . ·•.-.: •. ;·.· ... · . ... :: ·.·::.~·~ .. ~.··.·~·:-.• ._ • ·o • •. '· •.' • . •. • "' ·'.· • .• • '.'.' ,·,···~-; -~~···· .·.;, ..•. "o·.-· •• : •.•. ~ •••

• . . •.:.: • " • ~ • • ·.o •• •. = ; •. • • ., · ...... • ,• • ':: '; . • . ;:7· ~·•: ·•: •: "; •.'o~. ·., ·,·.~:.·' ~ ~· •: ·~:•'-'·, ·~ ".~· • o . .: : . ~ '·"· ::· ;,-.: ' ' : ·: :· .. ~-: : ·- .... :·: : •: .. .-: ~' .• ;'. ,: .. , .... : .:.·.a.: .• !1.'-.,:. ~· o7~. :·0 : •• :·.~.:. :·, • ·: :~r· .. .,;. ·. 0

·. . .. .

lo "o•• • o., ·, · .. o ••. • •• • • ,.,.,.. ~ • . • ·•· • ... :.• •· •. d.·",·; .".a·-. .~:•:ol '59 ··'"· •

• • •. o· • ' .' •• • •• • ••• '. ..... • •• ·• 11, . •., .. •• . o·.o. ·a· .•. o. • _. •••• o .. ~ ~ • • • ··,. • • •. . o':.,. . . . •1 •a '•O• • • •

. . -· . . . . . .. . .. . .... ~ .. :. ,,.,,. •'' ,, . •. •o••·• .... o; •·'·•· •••·'•········ o '• ., ··' •, ··"· .•\''· .·''•. ,,,\1 ... ·:o.:. ·.•·t:i·. ·~ ·:·.o···.·=·•·.:,· :o•:,•.•·.·:·.·,··i' ,,,, ·'''·

• ;•. ·o· • • • ._o· •• :'.'•. •:.o·~·: ~o'• • •• ·:.-·.'!'•.•,\•I.· .. 0. ,,\I• I·~ 0 •• ' • • •• :' •• •• , ••••• •• ·'''· .\I. ·'''· '''· ''''· ·"-· ··'''·. ''''· """' .o. 1 • • • • • 1 ·, o• . •. •• • •• • • •, • • •. • ... "'· , / . \I ...

>. 1.l: •. 'o• •'o •• •' 'O• \ • • • ': ,o.•:•··' ''"' ··' '· •"· ·'"· ""· ··'""· ·-''''-

,,\/,,

• o• •. ·,: •• ~ ,•', ; ·o· :• • "'.•.:. • ••• • ••• • : P ·' '· • . ·'' '•· ) •''''· .·. . .. ".· ~ . ~· .. .,.. .. ·"· .... ·~ ........ "· ·''"' ,,, :,, ··'"' ,, . ,·, • • ........... v. • ••••• •. • ' ••••• •• • •• , •. ·'''· ·' '· '''· ' " ,., .• ,,. .,.., •. o·······o·.'" • '•9 ''•·'' •' ,.,, · ·'"' "'''·· ,\1, • · ,l·,,._ .

t I '9 • '••,·:~ 1 • ,• • • " • •'ti' 'O• '•. ' : .:.. •• ' '·· •I •I ,,111,_'''·· ·' •. . .. '"''•. ········:~··· .. ,.·. ····=··:.•· .. , ... _,.~ ·'"· .. ·''. • • o ·' •o .• , .•.. • \· ~ • • •. , • • •• ·•· \'•• ,. '''"· ·'""· ·'''·· '''·· ·'•··· ~:, ·.-.:::.•:o·.•.o.•,: :.'·:';'!'•. :•.· ,,•·.··.: o• ,111, '"·· ··'"·· .. 11. .111: • .• 11.,

~ •: .. •1 ?". °': •,'· .. ::: i. •: •".•. ; O • , ; ~ ' ... • '• '1 '0•. '. ', '•' r·'"'•. \\I, ,\\11., II ' ·''"•· ,&)I •

• • ·• '. •·• • ' '. ·~ • • •p • ••t ·.- '• • ,• • • •\I , . I ... •. _,,at,, ... ,1,, .o;· .. ~• . .;o·•·~.a~-,.;": ··•.·o· .. , ....... , ·~ .. ··"'·· .11 •• ·'"'- -'"'· "''· •• 11 •• •, ./:.o:._· .•: ;. ~·:1: ::; • :: ~ • ~ ·;:; : • • .•· :~•·. ""'·. .-·'"•., "'"" ·'"'· ··'"" ''o· •. :--.~C!·..:.o·,·~·.·.•.•·~• . .-o·.·'.:~c ··"·· '' .... 11,_ '' " . '' . ,.; ,·.~ ·.·:· ·•· .• ·~.·.~· .. : 't'··•·,•o· f·''·· ··'''· ·'' ,,\ .. , ·'' '· .. · · _ .. ,,., ··• '·

• • • ,O• • \ 0, • •• •o • • t• • Q.. • _... • ~ ,\I/, '"'· .... ,\1,,, ... \1., I •••/. ,111... ,,\\/,.,, • '.•. ··' .• , ••••• - .--. •••• ,. 'i:=·· ·''· • ·"''·· ,.\ '· '• .,,, • •• '•• II .•. • .o '1•' .e;., CJ .. ' ••t. ,\I, ,,J,._ \l ''"'•· ·••''·· .. ,\1,, ·,·.•·•a~'-:;.,·. '•·.0

:•· :'· •• • Ir •' 1'· \1 .,,\t,, '' '· ·•'"'· ,\\J •. ·'''· a

··.' ",' · ~ "• o·: •· ·• ... :.~· ,.,,.. ·''·· -'''-'· ··· '· ,11•. ·\'''-. .\ti. . ·• '·. • • .......... 'C:. ,....~ " ~. , ·''''· ·'''· '· ) ,1\·l1. "'''"·· ••

Q, • .... • .... a, '·""iu , .. ' ~• • ~ I .. 11, . ,\\11,. .• f • • 1lf1.. • •

·-~,._· .. ·~I"'. ....... ··' .. .A. ; ..• ''· ·''''·· . ·'''·· '''·· .·•'''·· ·'"· .·" "' ~ <1 ,111... ~ 1::·~ . ''"' ·'"· ... u,, .• \/, ·'"'··. ''·· ,,, ~- ....

•'"'• .,, .,I'.'\. I .\I, ·'"'· ·'"'· \I • • • ~ ,. . . . \ .· ~ \~ .•:J: . ... ~ ·•"·· \I ·''"'·, , . \\I ·'"·· ,., ' • • •• ·o ·"'' ·''· ··'"'· l~ . {"\ J.I ~ ~ ·' . ""·· .•• , .. .. .... ,. .• ..... •.. ........ ··''t~ ~ - :j ','" ,,, "''"· ""'" · . •• 1: ·'"'·· \/ -~ ~~.-:.:

('.-. -l';l • '?) \ • ~ l f_ __ •· ,\II, '11'• 11 ,I/,_ ., ,ll • ,\ '"! 1' ,• • ' .,,111,_ ~ ~ • ,A.. · . •: .. Ill, .... ~ I ·" "· .>111,_ · • ,.1.,, ,

1, •. ~.•. •.:

(.h 4 • ·'''··. ~ •• ··''·· •• '· _,, ~ •• .. \I.. .\W'''· ·''"'· ~., ... o •• -.:.·. . ~1 :·._J.''"'·. ·•'' '" :1 .. '"' ..... ' ' i•Q ~I . ,11 ' ....... . ~-- .. ~ .1•· • " .... \. ·;_' •11

• .. ~ •• ·" .. .. \11. :-o~·;'.'!~·-~. ~ ..... ~.11, '· ~ • -~:lli.••lt, .... ,.. '" . . ..... •'''·· ..•••• - .• ~ =.] \ ~ " • . •. ,,, .\ •••. o. ·, :·.•: ~··•"· "

1

;_s ~._ ~ ·' • ''- _ .•II, ""· ' ,\II.. •• 0'. • • • .,

fo ;' ·"'"· """. ·•'"•.. ,\It,··•'•· ,1111 •.• 11 .. ,\.·:·:·:":a·-::.::· _,1 0 ,:111 •. .>11., .•Ill, \/ . . I/ II ,.,,;.II,, .•::'.•,o

,,,. . ,.\Ill, ,I,, •' I, ., , •' • \l1 ,;,• • •' • • ···- • • • ' .• ,11, ·'''· ''''· ··''·· _, •• ,., ,\ '".-·-· •••• "~·· ,,,,, o ,\11 ,,\l,,S,. ,\1, \( ,\11 • •o • • 1· • •••

' \:,!• A~ I/ •> ' II ·' • 't " • • .. ·'· ·' \..:> .... 4• '· ·'' •• ·'. !_·. :·." •• :, ••••••• :.

'" .\:ill' ,,, ..-,. . v \ • • •• . . . 0 - ••• • ,\I., pft... .. \I,, ,,\\11,. • • • I •o •. • • .•, • • • •

••••••••• , • ·'''·· • ~ ~ • 'f. ..... .., • ·'~' ... 4\ ......... 'o· .. •. ·'' ... -,:: . : a ••• • . • , _,,\T," e. '\ •• , •• • • • • • • .o • • , ,\ •,I r • •

.... ~, ... ... ,,\l.~ ··''- .•• • .. ,,,_ •• : • It ... '··.1;: .,. · ........ : ..... •.• ': Jft• ......... : . ~ A :~ _,..-- "· .... 11r.•.-·~·; •. _.;o:.-;,··.o.' .• ::'.:·.•.··;;•·o·.-·,,l;• ~::.:a a.,·.r._:.o:l -t" - •• ·-•·o·•·•·~·,·.·o•·.•,·~· '·.·~o'••••a··.· .• · • ,,• ....... J•.''o· - .•. ; .•• ··;, •. , .............. ·o.···=~··:,•· •o•.'•o'''·· ·'~•· . . ·, ·.· ..... · ... • . • ........ ' ·.o- .. ••~ &/. - •• • .. ---. ••• •: • • • .. .: '··· ; .(I 0 ·, • t) • .. •• • Cl ' • • • • , • • .... 0. • • • 0 •• •.· . : L: • • •••• ;. ,, - 0. • - ••• - ·''' ••• . ... · •.. •. • ..... ,· •... o··· ....... ' .... ,,,· .. • ···r .. ··• .~·· • •· • • "·• .. o. ·• ••

. I• ~.1••."e • ,,o •••:.I••,•.:•:.,.•. \•I• •,', \\' '.•.4':1.:•.•. •, •• •: •.• ~·""'•''''• '"-~ .• o·•,.o· •. :·-;:··.·.•.Q· .•·,·:· ~··~· ·.~"•'·· :•·:·. •.·~ ·.o. ,· .o• .o

"- • '• . · •• • o· • . - . • ·. -· .. • .. ~\'•• •. o -o,.· : · • . •\1t .•1

• • .,, 11 •• .... ,,..o •,,, . 0 ~ • .; •• , •. ·• o• -.,· •. • •. •O , .a., 4.4» ·• \. o .•

,·•·.•·.·.• .. ·· .,o• ••• ••.·•. ·"o·,\r··· ... -, •• ·.·•• ~ •·• ·''''· '• • • • " ... ". • , . • •. •:. o. • ;. • •.. • • .. • • • • • • o···~· • •. • • V ·w . . . ... Z .o. -·.,;.· .•. ~.:; ·:·. ::;·:-·'' .. D

?L2:ure: Cedar

7 Lake

(lcm=37m)

18

19

HOME RANGE RESULTS

A home range is the area determined thru radio· track­

ing that a fish occupies for five consecutive days or more.

one result of knowing a fish's home range is that it allows

a particular fishes' location to be more predictable.

Home range areas were measured by the convex polygon

method described by Winter (1976). This envolves connecting

the outermost tracking points to form the most convex poly-

gon possible.

drawn is the

This method insures that the polygon that is

only possible. one that can be formed by the

existing points.

Besides a home range a fish may establish a primary

home range. A primary home range is the area of the home

range where a fish is primarily found. This area is differ­

entiated from the home range by excluding any tracked loc­

tion that occurs more than 60.69 meters or 200 feet from any

other t racked 1 o cation. Thus a primary home range is usu-

ally a smaller section of the home range although it may· be

the entire home range. It contains the majority of tracked

locations and is the area the fish primarily resides in and

utilizes.

Largemouth Bass Home Range Results

Largemouth bass were studied to determine their home

range and primary home range areas. Six largemouth bass

revealed one home range and one primary home range. One

revealed one home range with two primary home rangs. Two

20

largemouth bass exhibited two home range areas, while only

one fish exhibited a home range with no separate primary

home range area.

Largemouth Bass #1 exhibited a home range area of 1.50

hectares. This area was located along stations W to C and

at its farthest point from shore extended outward 122

meters. This home range was set up in the same area the

fish was caught and released (Figure 8).

Largemouth Bass Ill's home range included a number of

different habitats. The inshore section of this home range

contained light weed beds #3 and #4 and the sand that sur­

rounded these weed beds and extended along stations W to z.

The outer section of the home range was composed of part of

the heavy horseshoe-shaped weed bed, parts of the offshore

light weeds and heavy weed bed #3. All of these areas

exhibit an ecotone between light weeds and sand and heavy

weeds and sand.

Largemouth Bass #l's primary home range measured 0.82

hectares. This area of primary utilization was composed of

the eastern and western most ends of the home range with the

majority of data points noted within the eastern end. This

primary home range contained light weed bed #4, the offshore

light weeds and ecotones between light weed and sand. The

edge of light weed bed 113 was also found within this primary

home range.

The majority of five minute data revealed the fish

moving in and out of the light weed bed areas. For example

21

the five minute data obtained on June 2, 1980, show the fish

moving along the edge of light weed bed /14 and /13 and the

offshore light weeds. This example along with numerous oth­

ers reveal this fish's preference for the light weed-sand

ecotone.

Largemouth Bass /13 exhibited one home range area that

measured 1.44 hectares. This area was located along shore-

line stations V to Z and extended 122 meters out from shore

at its farthest point (Figure 9).

Largemouth Bass ll3's home range included an inshore

sandy area and an outer heavy weed bed area. This heavy

weed bed was part of the heavy horseshoe shaped weed bed and

was bordered on the north side by open water and on the

south side by sand. Small amounts of light weeds were found

along the border of this heavy weed bed yet the majority of

this area was composed of a heavy weed-sand ecotone. As

with Largemouth Bass Ill, Largemouth Bass 113 primarily uti­

lized the eastern and western most parts of this home range

with only a few locations· in the center.

Largemouth Bass 113 also established one primary home

range that measured 1.16 hectares. This area encompassed

most of the home range area yet eliminated part of the

inshore sandy area. The majority of five minute data loca-

tions indicated this fish in and around the heavy horseshoe

shaped weed bed with only a few days' data positioning the

fish solely over sand or in open water.

It should be noted here that Largemouth Bass Ill and

22 Largemouth Bass #3's home range and primary homes range par-

tially overlapped •. That area of the two fish's home ranges

which was found along stations W to Z was noted to overlap

during the same time period. It was never known whether

both fish were within this overlapped area at the same time,

although it may have occurred (Figure 10).

Largemouth Bass #4 exhibited a home range area of 0.18

hectares. This area was found along stations A and B and at

its furthest point from shore extended outward 122 meters.

This home range was located in the vicinity where the fish

was caught and released (Figure 11).

Largemouth Bass #4's home range was composed entirely

of light weeds and sand. The inshore section of the home

range was found to contain part of light weed bed #3 and #4,

while the outer part of the home range was composed of the

offshore light weed bed. Sand was found between these weed

bed areas creating a light weed-sand ecotone.

Largemouth Bass #4 also exhibited a primary home range

measuring 0.11 hectares. This area encompassed most of the

home range area yet excluded some of the sandy area found

between the inner and outer light weed beds. The majority

of data points indicated the fish within the light weed beds

or along their edges. Only twice was the fish positioned

over sand. For these reasons the sandy area between the

inner and outer light weed beds only appear to be utilized

by the fish as a means of traveling from one weed bed to

another.

23

Island Largemouth Bass 116 established a home range

that measured 0.59 hectares. This area was set up off the

south shore of the island, along stations IA to IB and

extended 165 meters out from shore. This area corresponded

to the location where the fish was caught and released (Fig­

ure 12).

Island Largemouth Bass 116 home range was composed

almost entirely of light weeds. The northern most section

of the home range contained the offshore island light weeds,

some inshore sandy area and the edge of the heavy hedgerow

weed bed. The southern most section of the home range con­

tained some open water, the edge of island heavy weed bed Ill

and again the offshore light weeds. The majority of data

points located this fish within light weeds and only twice

within open water or over sand.

Island Largemouth Bass 116 exhibited a primary home

range of 0.43 hectares. Like Largemouth Bass 115, Island

Largemouth Bass /16's primary home range encompassed most of

the home range area. That area which was excluded from the

home range was the outer lateral edges and was compased of

light weeds and some sandy area. The majority of data

points indicated the fish within light weeds, although the

ecotone was often utilized. For example, the edge of the

two heavy weed beds were within this primary home range

area. Both of these heavy weed bed areas exhibit numerous

data points revealing this fish's heightened utilization of

the ecotone.

24

Largemouth Bass 117 exhibited a home range area that

measured 0. 53 hectares. This area was set up along shore-

line stations Z to C and extended 85 meters out from shore.

This area like all the previous largemouth bass, corre-

sponded to the place where the fish was caught and released

(Figure 13).

Largemouth Bass 117's home range only contained light

weeds and sand. The outer sec ti on of this are a contained

the edge of the offshore light weeds and thus a light weed-

sand ecotone. The inshore section of the home range con-

tained light weed beds 1!3 and 114 and the sand that sur-

rounded them.

Largemouth Bass 117 exhibited a primary home range that

measured 0 .44 hectares. This primary home range excluded

the northwest corner of the home range and thus part of

light weed bed 113 and the sand that surrounded it. The

'

majority of tracked locations within this primary home range

showed the fish in light weed bed 113 and 114 and the small

strip of sand that separated these weed beds. Only twice

was the fish found solely over sand. For example, on August

8th, five minute data exhibited the fish entering light weed

bed /14 at its northern end and emerging one hour later out

the southern end of this weed bed. Within this entire time

the fish was found solely within light weed bed #4 and its

ecotone.

Ecotones were also heavily utilized within this pri-

mary home range. On numerous occasions the fish was located

along the edge of the inshore light weed beds, as two qut ~f

the three data points that position the fish within the

outer section of the primary home range reveal the fish at

the light weed bed-sand ecotone.

Largmouth Bass 118 established a home range area that

measured 0.68 hectares. This area was located along sta-

tions Z to C and at its furthest point from shore extended

outward 122 meters. This home range was established in the

area where the fish was caught and released (Figure 14).

Largemouth Bass ll8's home range included a number of

different habitats. The inshore portion of the home range

was composed of light weed beds 113 and 114 and the sand that

surrounded these areas. The outer section of the home range

was composed of heavy weed bed 113 and the offshore light

we eds. A number of ecotones were also prevalent, namely the

light weed-sand and heavy weed-light weed ecotone. The

majority of ecotone utilization by Largemouth Bass 118 was

along the light weed-sand edge.

Largemouth Bass 118 established a primary home range

that measured 0.50 hectares. This area encompassed most of

the home range yet, like Largemouth Bass 117, excluded light

weed bed 113 and the sand that immediately surrounded it.

The majority of data locations within this primary home

range indicated the fish in and around light weed bed 114.

On September 19, and September 24, 1980, five minute data

positioned Largemouth Bass 118 along the ecotone of light

weed bed 113 for at least one full hour. September 5th, and

26 Setpember 26, 1980, show the fish moving in and out of the

same light weed bed for the hour this fish was tracked.

These examples, plus other data, indicate the extensive use

of light weed bed #4 by Largemouth Bass #8.

Other areas of utilization by Largemouth Bass #8

included heavy weed bed #3 and the outer light weed-sand

ecotone. ~either area was used as extensively as light weed

bed #4.

It was also observed that Largemouth Bass #7 and

Largemouth Bass /18's home ranges and primary home ranges

partially overlapped during the same time periods. The

inshore portion of these two fishes' home ranges which occur

along staions Z to B was found to overlap. This again indi-

cates the heavy utilization by both fish of light weed #4,

its edge and the sand that surrounds it (Figure 15).

Each of the previous six largemouth bass had one home

range and one primary home range. Howe v e r , s o me f i sh we re

found to utilize two particular areas of the home range

exclusively with no known location points found between

these two areas. These fish were determined to have two

primary home ranges. If a fish were observed to utilize two

distinctly separate areas of the home range and no two data

points were within 60.69 meters or 200 feet of each other,

the fish was determined to have two primary home ranges.

These two areas can and should be used alternately by the

fish, otherwise two home ranges would result. Two primary

home ranges were exhibited by Largemouth Bass #10.

Largemouth Bass #10 exhibited one home range and t~J

primary home ranges within this one home range. The home

range measured 1.45 hectares and was located off of the

southeast edge of the island along shoreline stations IE to

IF. At its farthest point from shore this home range

extended outward 195 meters. As with the previous six bass,

this home range was established in the same area the fish

was caught and released (figure 16).

Largemouth Bass #lO's home range was composed of three

different habitats. The inshore section of the home range

was composed of light weed bed #12 and the sand that sur­

rounded it. The outer portion ·of the home range area was

composed of the heavy hedgerow weed bed. The rest of the

home range area was composed entirely of sand.

The first of the two primary home ranges measured 0.33

hectares. This primary home range wa~ the one closest to the

island and contained light weed bed #I2 and the sand that

surrounded it. The ecotone created by this light weed - sand

transition was heavily utilized by the fish.

The second primary home range area measured 0.22 hec­

tares. This primary home range was at the southern most part

of the home range area. This area contained part of the

heavy hedgerow weed bed, the light weeds that bordered it on

the south side, and the sand that bordered on the north.

Also included in this primary home range was the ecotone of

the heavy horseshoe shaped weed bed. The majority of data

points in this primary home range indicated the fish within

28

the heavy weeds and along their edges.

Although primary home range #1 was used more fre­

quently by the fish, both primary home ranges were utilized

alternately. A number of different days' data revealed the

fish in one primary home range during one part of the day

and the other part of the home range another part of the

day. No patter~ to this utilization could be found, although

weather did play a role. When winds were out of the south

ca us i ng rough 1 a k e w a t er , the fish u ti 1 i z e d the of f sh o re or

second primary home range. When the wind was out of the

north the fish tended to utilize the first primary home

range. It should also be noted here that the area between

the two primary home ranges was never found to be utilized

by the fish.

Largemouth Bass #10 was also the only fish studied

that utilized an area so close to shore. A number of track­

ing locations and actual sightings revealed the fish in one

foot of water and four to five feet from the shoreline. One

possible explanation is that there are overhanging trees

along stations IE to IF and this may have provided a suita­

ble and protected habitat for the fish.

Largemouth Bass /Ill exhibited a home range area that

measured 1.11 hectares. This home range was set up along

stations A to E and at its furthest point from shore

extended outward 146 meters. This home range was e stab-

lished in the same area the fish was caught and released

(Figure 17).

29 The inshore portion of Largemouth Bass #ll's home

range contained portions of light weed beds 113· and #4 and

the sand that surrounded these weed beds and separated them

from the outer light weeds. The outer section of the home

range was composed entirely of the offshore light weeds. An

ecotone between light weeds and sand was also found in

Largemouth Bass /Ill's home range, although only one location

was obtained placing the fish within this area.

Largemouth Bass 1111 exhibited no primary home range

area as no one area of the home range contained enough data

points to be condsidered to have been primarily utilized by

the fish. The hypothesized reason was that not enough data

points were obtained before radio transmission was lost to

differentiate a primary home range area from the home range.

Within this study two largemouth bass exhibited more

than one home range area. If a fish were found to leave one

established home range area and set up another area, that

fish was determined to have established two home ranges. In

order for these two areas to be home ranges the fish cannot

return to the original area or utilize both areas during the

same time period. In this study two largemouth bass, namely

Largemouth Bass 112 and 1112, each exhibited two home range

areas.

Largemouth Bass 112's first home range measured 0.80

hectares. This home range occurred along stations Y to A

and extended 110 meters out from shore at its furthest

point. This first home range was established in the same

30

area the fish was caught and released (Figure 18).

Largemouth Bass f!2's first home range was found to

encompass a number of different habitats. The inshore sec­

tion of the home range contained part of light weed bed #3

and the sand that surrounded this weed bed and extended

along the shoreline. The outer section of the first home

range contained part of the heavy horseshoe shape~ weed bed

and part of the offshore light weeds. The ecotone between

heavy weeds-sand was also located within this home range

area.

Largemouth Bass #2 exhibited one primary home range

within this first home range. This primary home range area

measured. 0.52 hectares. This area encompassed most of the

home range yet excluded the northwest corner of the home

range. The area that was excluded consisted of the heavy

horseshoe shaped weed bed, the ecotone of heavy weeds and

sand and parts of the inshore sandy area. From figure 18,

it was apparent that the primary home range was composed

entirely of light weeds and sand. The majority of five min­

ute data indicates the fish moving between the inshore light

weed bed #3 and the offshore light weeds, again appearing

only to utilize the sand as a means of getting from one weed

bed to another.

Home range #1 and primary home range #1 were utilized

by the fish for the first 68 days after it was released. On

the 69th day Largemouth Bass #2 was located 457 meters west

southwest from the original home range area. Here the fish

.31

set up a new home range and primary home range where, for

the duration of the transmitter's life, the fish remained

(Figure 19).

Home range #2 was set up along stations J to N and

extended 164 meters out from shore. This home range area

measured 2 .07 hectares and was composed of heavy weed bed

Ill, the open water that bordered the weed bed on one side,

and the sand that bordered it on the other. The edge of

heavy weed bed #2 was also enclosed within the home range

area (Figure 20).

Largemouth Bass #2 established a primary home range

within home range #2 that measured 1.64 hectares and

included most of home range #2's area. In differentiating

this primary home range from the home range area, ~he single

location of Largemouth Bass 112 in heavy weed bed 112 was

eliminated. Thus, heavy weed bed #2 and the sand that imme­

diately surrounded it were eliminated from this primary home

range area. Within the primary home range the most data

points are located in and around heavy weed bed #1 with five

minute data revealing short excursions (less than one hour)

by the fish into open water. The sandy area inshore of

heavy weed bed #1 was also heavily utilized by the fish,

although most of this data indicate the fish making at least

one pass per hour near the edge of the heavy weed bed. For

example, on June 28, 1980, the fish was being tracked over

sand. Ten minutes into this tracking period the fish made a

short pass along heavy weed bed #1 and then continued its

32 movements back over sand. Thirty minutes later the fish was

noted again at the edge of heavy weed bed #1. This utiliza-

tion of the heavy weed bed-sand ecotone by this fish was a

recurring pattern throughout the entire tracking period.

It should be noted that Largemouth Bass #2 first home

range and primary home range were found to overlap with

Largemouth Bass #l's and #3's home range and primary home

range areas during the month of June. Again it was not

known whether these fish were in the ,same area at precisely

the same time although it may have occurred. Fu rt he rm ore,

this overlap with its implication of exploitative competi-

tion may be the reason for Largemouth Bass #2 to leave home

range Ill and establish another home range, in a different

part of the lake (Figure 10).

Largemouth Bass 1112 also exhibited two home range

areas, yet only one of these home ranges exhibited a primary

home range area. Home Range #1 measured 0.69 hectares and

was set up 268 meters north from the area where the fish was

caught and released. This home range was composed almost

entirely of the offshore light weeds. A small section of

the heavy horseshoe shaped weed bed was within this home

range area. Thus, a heavy weed-light weed ecotone was pres-

ent and utilized by the fish (Figure 21).

This fish utilized this home range for eight days

after its release. Thus a primary home range was not dif-

ferentiated from the home range area.

Seven days after the fish left home range #1, Large-

mouth Bass 1112 established another home range off of t~~

west end of the island (Figure 22). This home range meas-

ured 0.24 hectares and was composed entirely of light weeds

(Figure 23).

Largemouth Bass /112 established a primary home range

within home range #2. This primary home range measured 0.01

hectares and again was composed entirely of light weeds.

This primary home range may be unde res tima ted as only a

small number of locations were obtained.

Largemouth Bass Home Range Statistics

A number of linear correlations were performed on the

home range and primary home range a re as to determine if

there was any correlation between these areas and the size

of the fish or the number of days tracked. In some cases a

fish was determined to have more than one home range or pri-

mary home range area. In these cases both home ranges or

primary home ranges were correlated with the size of the

fish or the number of tracked days. If a fish exhibited no

primary home range, as in the case of Largemouth Bass 1111

the fish was excluded from the calculation of that correla­

tion.

The first statistical test performed was to determine

if there was a correlation between largemouth bass home

range areas and the number of tracked days. The null

hypothesis was accepted; r•0.15 (p)0.05). This result was

expected, as each fish was thought to have been tracked

34

enough times to reveal an accurate representation of a

largemouth bass home range area.

The second correlation performed correlated the large-

mouth bass primary home

the fish were tracked.

range area and the number of days

Here again the null hypothesis was

that there is no difference in primary home range size and

the number of days a fish was tracked. The hypothesis was

accepted, r"'0.51; (p)0.05). Again this result was expected

as each f i s h w a s d e t e rm i n e d t o have been t racked enough

times to reveal an accurate representation of a largemouth

bass primary home range area.

It must be noted here that the previous two correla:­

tions also indicate that the area of the home range is not a

function of time. Rather than finding the home range

expanding or contracting over time, the fish would establish

a new home range and primary home range. For example,

Largemouth Bass #2 exhibited two home ranges and two primary

home range areas. After plotting the data for the first few

tracking days, this fish's initial home range did not

increase or decrease over time; yet the fish was found to

leave one home range and establish another.

occurred with Largemouth Bass #12.

This also

The third correlation tested the size of the large-

mouth bass versus the size of their home ranges. The null

hypothesis was that there is

mouth bass and the areas

no difference in size of large­

of their home ranges. This

hypothesis was accepted, r•-0.4; (p)0.05). Here a negative

correlation was obtained.

35

Although not significant, the

possibility of obtaining a significant negative correlation

exists. For example Largemouth Bass #4, which was the larg­

est in size of all studied largemouth bass, measuring

37.6cm, exhibited a home range of only 0.18 hectares, which

was the smallest recorded home range in the study. It is

this 37.6cm largemouth bass that may have contributed heav­

ily to this negative correlation. However, it was noted

that some of the larger largemouth bass do have smaller home

ranges than the smaller largemouth bass.

The fourth and final correlation was between the size

of the largemouth bass and the size of their primary home

range areas. The null hypothesis was that there i~ no dif­

ference in the size of the fish and the size of their pri­

mary home range areas. This null hypothesis was accepted,

r=-0.29; (p)0.05). Again a negative, nonsignificant corre­

lation was obtained.

36

TABLE 4

LARGEMOUTH BASS HOME AND PRIMARY HOME RANGE RESULTS

HOME PRIMARY BASS RANGE HOME RANGE SIZE DATES

II (hectares) (hectares) (cm) TRACKED

I 1.50 0.82 25.1 6-2-80 6-12-80

2 HR#l 0.80 PHR/11 0.52 24.8 6-8-80 8-14-80

HRll2 2.07 PHRll 2 1.64 8-15-80 11-26-80

3 1.44 1.16 27.1 6-10-80 7-16-80

4 0.18 0.11 37.6 7-1-80 7-17-80

I6 0.59 0.43 24.5 7-19-80 8-18-80

7 0.53 0.44 21. 5 8-2-80 8-20-80

8 0.68 0.50 24.8 8-12-80 8-29-80

IlO 1.45 PHR/11 0.33 25.0 9-5-80 12-23-80

PHRll 2 0.22

11 1. 11 24.0 5-28-81 6-7-81

12 HR/11 0.69 PHR/11 28.5 5-28-81 6-4-81

HRll2 0.24 PHRll2 0.01 6-11-81 7-28-81

37

LEGEND FOR LARGEMOUTH BASS ILLUSTRATIONS

Heavy Weeds

Light Weeds

Sand

Open Water

Home Range Line

---------- Primary Home Range Line

Shoreline

Triangulation Data

Island or Mainland as Indicated

Figure. - 8 L - •

argemouth Dass #l (1cm=11 5 • m)

w 00

. .II •. '. •• I\/~. .· ---- --- -I - . ··''" '·. ·•.-,,. '°" ".'> "h I - ' .M ~ o .':} )r .i.> "·· ··' I ··'"'·· \ J} '!\ ~ c .

I

·''' II \:.i' l:J :: ,\I/, .. ii ... ' ... \ ""' • ~ ·' ".. . .. '""· '"··

..;$ ,., • """" " I ·:.... . .. ;·~~~f'...., :> c- • ""' c: .. .,.~"· ''.:.,,. ""'· .. . ... . s :) 0 '..;, ' ) 0 {J ......... ,.,;-""': v \ & C' ''"'· . ·''·· ~· ·'''·

' I •'''''· ··'""· "I. c ~ -:; "I ): • II .-111.. ,,1, . ."'>- {\ ·. / . .11,. ··" '· ,\11 · ·' '· · ·''· I <iS ..,,_ •• • • ,,.. • "'h •.... ·' ' · '- ;.Cl •• o -'''"· 11 1111. " ·""; :,.o,,._,.;;"" .. ,11;:' ".:;; .. <(•} ;,, ... n. Jo ~ ') 0 ,. :9 \;j1 ~·; :J cl ~ 1 '·: · ... 11. "'.'J"·· i.l 0 -::~{ , • "'J '-• (:.. .. :.;.'"·· ·"'··:· '· .,;, .:;,,, ,., 1., ·''''· • .. ~· ... , ..... '\ ~ 'C'.''8 I - I .... .:>.. ;;I' "" :· '" ... - ~ " """· " ":" :':·, •"'· ·'~'., ·-:-.·:·.·:•·= ;,·~'.'. :~· !;;! , ~ u ..;J . "" ~ , "} ':\'> 3 '; ._;, . 0 .Y. <"-:' .: ''>, ~ ii ":) ·, ·"·· -"·.,.o/'"· .·,I.' ,,1i'.''·

: ···' ''.t·:; •. ,._. .. ,.~,· .... , ... ; , .. , ..... '"' . . ··. •">. ·" • "" ' .., ~ • "" . ., ""' - .... "'· •. ·"" . . ·: .:.-."·:'.:' .;: i; :,;·: '·: :.:·~.: .. ~ ............. ,.,~;~·.'!': /."!, jJ "" :;\ .;j1 ·'.'}. \.} . " -'.:) !) '.) -.) ._). , ... ··"' ," ~i..r.. ..... • 111.. ,,1(1, ·"'· ••• 111,.. ;·;

11

•

N

.. ' ........... · '~. • . . . . . :. .. ' .. .. .. . . • ,. • ... "" l} --~ >) • . ' • ' ' . ·" " - "" ·. ' " . ·.· .. ,,,.·.· ..... =··· .... •,; .... ·.· ............. 'f. .... . . ., ~ . ,,,. ... . ·" ""' ~ ,-·, -' "·· ··""" . I/ ~.:.· " "'" .... "" •••• • • ., •. • •.• .,- :•··· • • • •.• .'··"•"•·. • :· 0 .;, .,,.. • ~· • ·'> .. .-·'< •. ""7 • c • '• • . .. ' • ·' ' '· •. I ' " • ':· ..... '.·: .. , · .. • . ·. ·-". _.,,. ''• ···" ... : r· .• .. , -: . ~·· .... : ,._.. •. ~-. ·•" ·" ' .... · •.-· ........... , ...... , . ,,. ..... ""·· ··"· "' ' ' " .. ·: .-v·. :-~ ... :·~:.: .... ~:; :. ~:-~·:. : '~;. ........ ;,;; ;;":'·'.. t' :·, ;: ~ ·. ;.• ~. :·'. "·:~·.':.:-:::::: .... ::::: ~.'": ·: : : .. ; ... · . .::;:::::- ·~ ·:.;::.~. -: ,, .. : '· :: .' .. ·"' "·, .:· ·~. ;'. ;, \.... ~; ..... ~'. ... ; \• ·:: , ••••• • ·~ •• • ••••• , • •·''· . ,,,• ·•· ..... • ·~· ..... • •. '•" •••• •· .• J_. • .......... -·· ••• •· .... ._., •• • ••• • , .. •. I ~--· .•• .,·,!. • • _. • ,. . . . . _. ·"• .. • • • •. . . • . • . , •.•.•. • .. • •. • . . • . . • .... •· . •. . . .. . . . .. •· . . . • .• I . • . . . . , .. ;,"; : ~·X·:· ·:;, :::::. ~ ~ .~~·.'''· ·''·.· • ,·;.: ., i: '.-:· ·' ::: ::·: ;:. : ·:!;:·•·:: :.' :::;:;~.:.;: •. ;?; ::.: :·; ·/:··-:'.c'.'>''.'. '. -;.::~::• '.'; ~,-,.·:: ·:·; :~·:.;, . .:.:·, . -~ ·.·:.< ;.: .~::-:·:~:_.: ,,.J,•'o""A•• ,.•"<•"" "·•• • ......... ••'••••'.•••••'" ,• .. ·•••''"''•• •" ..................... •• .• .•.· ••., • ' • • • •• ··• •'•" • •

0

" • ,' ••. ·""• • • • 0 J'; .• • .'• >· • • • "" .;. ••"·•••, ·• ··.•o• ... 0 • "o· · •· · · • · ·'" o .'

0

•• • •" .o.': · • '• ; .,; • •. · .-.: ,. .·• ,. •• •,.. ' ' ' o

0

" ~ ........ ········ .. ,... • ..... , ..................................... ··~·-- .......................... ·•' .· ........ -=·· ·.·.· :• ·~ ~··. •.'# :

1

•••• .c•1, ·'"·· .• ··; • }' .- • o• • :-. ,_.., . • ·: .-;.·:.-:•·.•· ... •. • ;.;;-""'·: .·.·.•· • · • '.··· ·" '.••· .•.• •· .·; •.• -.. • ·:·I .. •.· ., .... • ~' t. ·,. . . ·:• •.••.. ~- .. ·; .•• ! . ·.!". ··. . .. . : .. ..:· ;: •· ........ : .. : ..•. : .··· ... ,..,-:: . ·· ......... , ... " ............ '~ .......... ; ~· ........ . ........ •. : ·' "·· '0, • •."•' •' o ..... • • ; • • • •" ""' •. • • 0, 0 • ,•,, J • o .. •' A' ,O .' • ,:" • o • ~ - ~- .. • o .;; o •. •o ~-· • •. , • .' ,. o ,'0 • • • •' • o ., • 0 .. o • • o • • • • " ....... • • ._,o(,, ... •.•· ....... ·'.. .... ·. ·. .. ,. j •..••.•. •.•• ······'" ,..;...-.. ··: :-"; . · ................ ; : ............ • : . . • .•.• ·•· ... , ...... ·..;·· . ·" -~~ ~ ... , .,.,:.• . Po . ~;: ..... ; ....... : '::' ~· ::;:·:•::. ~ .. ~:;.~---;. ::;.,::'. ,,. .•: :•.: ;. l.• ::, : ; . ; "'~' .,. ' ~ ,. ~: •:<•.:.;.; . .-... : ;' : ...... :1 :.·.• :-.'/'· "'··· .11: ·.,'.;:·:~·::·' I ·•:~,,: ·•« • :.;.;· ):;.~· ~:':o' .,;.. ,- ·.' ,o ·;:;. •;:" ! i:: _.;.·'. -:;: •. -.;.: : :~::•:: >(" ·:: ;'.'°< ·:·::.:•:· '

0

-' :-'.;:.:.~::.·.:·Ii•'.'.•·'.:'·~ ... u,,:· '; ,'• • • •• • • •' ,.-,,. •

0

• .,-,•. ' ' • • •

0

•

0

' • • • ' •' • • • • • ··' ·" o• • .,.· .. • • • •

0

'• •oz .. • • .. ·1 • • "'• \II ··'

...... ~ • • .. 111 "' ., ;.: }' ···;;"°·" ·• • .•. •• '• ,•.< ,: •O• •., ,.,, •• .-:·.· .·•· o• ....... · • •• ·• ·•·· • .,. ,..·,."·.·' •• · :• .' • .' '" " '· I •::• • "• •. :.- • ! ..... '• ~·;:•. •o• :..: ; ",>': • ;o.••.A, •,•.;,: .•.;:'\;.•.<;''· ~· ~· ............. ;; •• ,· .'• ,..... '. · . ._ :•.o '.O o. • ·' ' . ..,: .,, . .: _-:, .. ..-:·:~·::·'i· ·.•. :: :; : ·:-~ · ..... : :;·; ,-:.·: .~: ... ~,_., , .. .-.. -;. ;':.::.--.; .. ..... ; .. ,, : .......... ;, .:· .. ·.• .... , '· "'·· .... . . : "'· ........ :: ..• : ·~ :4: .;;,: ...... -..<•·".; ·-~ ... ;:.: :·! .•; :·? .. ,. : ... ·;. :·. :- ..... : • :? ..... 1 • : :•: ..... ;.'.; '""· ·"'

........... .. . .. _ ......... · .• ·.· .,. .......... , .. v· ..• •.· .. ·" . . ··1 ·.· _.,.. '' • , ..... , ..... ::·.-···· ~···· .......... • .;. ··::· .......................... :-:•.<···.,',·' .. : .. · ....... -: ,. ..... , ···' "·' ...•...... : ... '. ·:" ... ·.• .......... ·' .. . . . : .. ; ........ -·,;. ... : . "'"' ;..;•:.- .. ...... · ·' ... '~··· . .-: :· ·"· ... "' .•• ~.: l" ....... : ,..- •• : .. : ~; •• ·.;. :. : -:· .... ,., • : . . . . : ... • . ,.,_..:..: • .-: t .: .... _.::: :' .. :-- ~ ·• ·''''· ............ :·•''"'"" ........................ · • ..• ~ .-.•o-·' .•• ·<'"·

V

• .. ' .•. , .......... !·.:'. .... ,.:' ~ :, : ... t"· ... ~.,: ;:·.'::;!';·· ·' ... : .: ............. :~··.: ;•.· ._:: .: ..

MAINLAND

Figure: 9 Largemouth Bass #J

(1cm=11.2m)

.... ... ~ .. ·' .. . .•. -· , .•. • ... "·· .. .. . . . . . .. . . .. . .. .... .. . .. . ...... • .-. "'• •• •• •o• • • ·•···:· ' •"• ...... • • -'· •••• ., • .;• •,< I

W

•.. • .... . . .................. :· ............ ' .•.. ,. ,,..: ... · .. ; . ., . ., ........... ...... -··· ...... -....... , ......... ..

x

,.

t s

v w z A B c Figure:10 Largetouth Bass 1¥1

Large outh Bass i3 ·--- ~ {1cm=1Jm) Large,outh Bass --- 0

Figure: 11 Largemouth Bass #4

(1cm=6.6m)

.ISLAND ~42

•O ••• • I

I B "o· It •• e •• -.·:·. 0

--~::::;::;~::::~~E:~~~:.~~~~~~~7f:f~~ .:·. . 0

•••• ; a· •..• · •. • . ,.• • •.•.. , •.• ·o · · . . ·· ····· ~ ·o.··. · · · ..... 'o'•.:: ~O."·~" . • •,'.:.:•~, .. ,·::-~ • :.. · IA "···.·.,.·.·.············:~·· ·· ,_, .. ·,··.·.0

••• • .:.·-~.:··~· 0• • • • • ·•· •'• o. ,• o, • • • • , o • !'.·•.'·o ·•• ···~. ;•'•.; • . • o•.• .·•· .• · . ., ·.;··,.·.4·,;: ··.·.••,'• •. 0. 1 0·•··:~.·.'.· ·.·•.· .• ·•:,••,;,;;.:•.P·•'-·'••''•." ·.~o.•·,o,, . , .. , .... • · •, <>. ~. 1 ,o,,, :• D'•, •• :.·,•O,~·.', 1 0,, ·.~ ,.~ :.,, ,, , • ··~· ,,, •: ~ ••

11 • .·o. • · .Q·'·~·• •,O • ' 11 '·· .,,,,, •• , ·• ·o·• .. t '•.··· •.• :•··· !• ·• o ·•.0 • •• • o•· ·-·•.•·,·o· • ··~·•''•' ••••. • •"' • ,.o ·a·, •.• ,_ ,,, ... ·o· ..•. • .• o .......... o .•· o.; ·-· • '· • ' ...... ·• •••• , • '· • ·o. ~· .. •.;··o·•·.· .. •. ,,, ·,,-· ·''''· ·'''4'J. ~··,.·,··.··•.,·.~;·':" •• 1·0·:.. ·~:.:.· •. o,·:-:···.o ......... · •. . •···• • • • f • e • •. I•'• • •• •' '• •",, • • • • ,,.,. ... •'• • ,• • "1) • • • • • t • • • :' • •' • • • e I • • • • •, 9 '.. •

,,•.:.;.•·. '_-.·o!.-.;•·o~/, ·•"·· :u •'"'· ·'l''~·:,:··,·.::•· ~ ·o·.·::· .•. ;:· .• · ... ~·.·.::-::'!; ~ '~··o·';!o",:·~ .-.•::.o .• • ~ ;O· • ·, .• •o,,• • •' .. ·. 11 •• 1 ',...• ,v• •• ······•a•'·•· •o •• ~· · • • • 0 • • • ... ·• • ., o •·' "o•• •• ,e," •0<1,•• 1 ••''•• 1 '• ' 1 "•. ·'11"·.ct:J ·,.•e,o••,;,·~··.·, 1••',•.•,•.: .. •1.0,••,'••'~'','••• ••'••ti!'•••:.• .:!'•· ... ·:· ···:····:·~·~·· ..... ·. "' ··'' .. •:' :~.o~····-:··.a·-:·.··.:··"-'···.:.·o.•.·.'.•.·'·'~.·:·".'·~·.o·;G,'·'•·,·.···~·., o. • • , o. f • o. , • o • .. • • o • o •• 0• , •. o, •. , 0 •• , • • o .. • •. • ' :" •0• ·' ' • • \ • '. o • \ ·"' . • • '. • • . - • • • ~ • •. • • • • a • •

•• • . • • • ~ , .' • • ; •. • o· • • • • : • • • • • • 0 " : 1 • • • • • •• 1 o • • • • 1 • • • • ,,. • • • • • • ; • o • • • •. o ••• • • • o·. , • ~· • • •• • • · '· •• ·";. ~· ·,· : o " • .. o •,. ;. ::· • •• • • • : ·~ 'o •• ~ •· • : ;·· ~ • • "= ·,. • :-:·. •. • ·'·. •. • •• ·o • ~ ~; • · • · '· ·' ·: • ! •. ,· :, • • ·.., • 1 ! ~ ;.• .• ·: · ,· ~ : · ~ • •. •: •• :. '· ·,. • :. •' .'·: •• . • .o.•; : ." ~·• • •, ~ ~ • ~· • ~: !:,.~~ ·'. o.• • ~ ·• • ~ : '• .. ~·~· _.; ~-•• •. o •1 ·.: • ·o •.,. ·' •• ·• •••• «t : •• ·.o: '•'

•' •· o, •o• ·;,,,_w:".-,.~ • o •,•, .• a.• .••.. • ·'•o•, • •o.,.•. 1. ·'·.· .,.,.1· • ·• .•. • "' ., .• • • . !·.·.··,.·:· ............ , .• ·;~:·.· •:·· ··~--.-... · ··-· .. · .• ·:-ie1:··.•.· o.:-· .• ·,. · .. :o;•.· .. ··;•.;.;-: ·,'.;·,'<a·.;·~::.~ t.·:·, .•·""'·I· ••••••• O· ..... ·.;. .•· •. •· •. ~ . • ::.·· •.•.• ~ ..... ··.·,. o.:.·. ~ .·.·.·.·-: .•. ·"-· .. • o •••••• ·'. • ••••• •.·· • • ••• • \t. •. • '•• •'•''.• ·r·• •· o··· ,••,II'·•• •'O•'•••, ~..... '•· ·1••.0.' ·o· '~·~·. :".•.· .. •. ·• '.o' •;·· .,. .• •••.• .. •• 1

• •.· ;. :• .-, .. ····.'···· '•:·•"• •"'• ·····•fS •. · .•. .,.:.....· o:.·.·:·-· ~··":it"•.• .. "···.::o·· .·· ..• ··.• • ·~.o·,. •' ,.• • •t ,•·, f>·•o· .. • 0 ,•,····· , •• o.•·c:.·'·"·'· ,.,.·o.·,.·.··,·•·,•"'·'·••'•••' .••.•.•• ·,·· •••o. ,•;'·:.·;·.;,. ····· :,·.·•,.•0'·~6,.-. .. 0.,~.;.·.·~:.,· •'·. o .o,.·,·: • .:..··,,·.•.;:.···,.·"';.a.o·.·.~·····'·o'•~··· •• •• •• • . • • •••• o •••• • .. • •• . . . • ••• •• •.' •••• ~. • • (), •••• ; . • •• · O• • • ' •• ·~ ••• I I , ..J • -~I • ,.,, ••••

; .·: :.~·: ·.·.: • \ :. ': ·4 ~;·.::·:o· :. :: ·':•":·:-. :o. !"' .': ~ •. :, 0 "~ \; o'.· .!· ··:-. ··.':.~; .. • ·;,·.: ~--; -~:,: r:,:: ·: ~~·.·: .·~.'!': ~:~ : •. ~ '.·:·•.• ·o'. ;,\:.:.;;,•o··::· ·~·.' ·o·· .·~.;~~·····,'o•\ ·.·,~~:-.,;:.o.·,·o:·,~:--·.::.·:,::.t>.•·o:~o·!···;:o·.•.o~ •1 0• • ,• t • • • ,J '•, '• • • '• ' • • • • • '. ·, • • ' • •• f • • '• • ' ,. • •••I • •' • ~ • • I• •,I' • • •" • • • • :' • • • •' • • "! • ·.: • • • t , •: • . .; : '• • • • \• ·• • .. • .' • • •: ! • • Q • ~ .•. • • • o .' • • 0 •••I• ~. • • \ • ,f-t,· .•· •o .' •. 'c,.~· '·11; • o. •. i • •' !".· .• .•:.· • ' . • : • • ~ • ~.

'•o. ''-: ·•... .a.:\••' •·o '·• ,• ,•. •. ~ ·•·!· .• 'e '1 ·.·:·,,.''·· ,,,\t,'/ .. c. • • ,; '•' .. ·· i ~· ·•' ~ •·!'· ; •d • . .: o ·• .•:• ·· :·!·~ 'o .. ·,., !\0·•.·.·.·.0·.·.o.• .';"'••••·" '· ·''' · c:'.\. · • •' r."o'!·•.'·-· '· .;, • •.: · •• ·,·.•: ·.-.:~: ··,·. • ·,. ·····\O'•'• o·.········ ·"'" ··''·· · ·· It p.;· ~lo.s t·~•·-· ·'· P· ·•·'···•·· ··,··o·'····· ·~ ,Q '• •1 , •.,.!*."I••,•,,... ··'"'·' ··'''·· tit ·'/' f1 •• \: £'" •' .• • ••• .,· •• •., • 0,•• '• •,,, ... o., • ' ti • • '.\• ' I \I lll •' • • · >' t •I' • • .. •• e 1 • t • • , • \·--~.: ... :·.!~;~ "·,o·~~\.::~"'·· ···,~, ·'"·· ·', ·· ,,u, ·.,u/·'' · ~ ~ ·::~:,·.o .. :.·~·.:.-_.~.·:o~i,~t.:~~

.. • • a1 I •' '• ·' • ·'''' ,... .l\... •• ·,· • ·• • • •. •' • '• • •I' • ,u,, ·" ··"· ,,, \' ... ,, '· ··'''• . ·'''· . I I ~ . ' ~-" •• ·' •• , •••••• _,, •• ··~· .. , ' . . . .~ . . . .•.•.. . . ·'''' ·/'· . . ~--- ~ .• o,•·o·:·. '• ' .•.• , .••..•.•. ·• a. .• ·'"'• ••• \\f • •'""4\ •'' •••. II ''"• 111• c.; • \It ·., i • (J .... ,;; • .... ~· ••, 1•01'-:"•f( ,• •• • . •'''·· .• '• I ·''''· ·'''·· .•', .. "• r.;y,.... .' ••• . •·' •• • • • • ; .i:. •. • ~ ·# • ··\''''· ·'"'· ,.,, ,,,, ,, ,, ''· . • 11• ,\ • c..:··t ' t • ·.• ...... Q,. ••• ' •• ' ••• ·' • • •. ,, / , " • ,. 1 '"\. ~ ¢ 1 rs • • • ,. •. • • • • • • • •

'' • ·'''-· ·' 1'· • \•''''· • ' '•. . ·' ,, •• •• I II .··'' '·:i . , ..... ~- • . . .... , •• '• ••• • •••• ·' ... , , . .., ..... .., ·\"'· •• • rev> , e e: ""'·" ... o ••• • ........ •• •• . ,,,,, ·''· ' ''·. ·' .. •'•'· ·• • ·'"'· • •. / . ..\i.. ..u, \ :•·· . _, t: • • • • • .. • •• • .• , i • U.. '11 •. \I .ill,, · ·" 1"· I. ·''111" ·''''· ··'':;,• '

11' .• '·· •ll • €!"~ ·• -, " ~ ry ~') ~:_: •·,.& ~ \

,\ '· ·'' '· ·' , . . '' .: ... ~ . \I _,,.,,__ .,,,_ "··'''· ,,, ... ·'"· ·' '· _,,.Ii ••• , •. ·'' ... c·· D . , A· . . ~

•'' '• •'''· ,,11 I I I '"' . . .. . f'. . '• e-. ~ V \1 ··''•' ·'' I,, " . •• ''• •' 'J ·'•''· . . • ' ·.'' I . • ... • ·.,,

,,,, ·'' ·' '· , ,., ·' • \I ·'''· ·'"·· ,,, • A . € I. •' '• ~ ' I .1U1. '' 1•. ,,,\Ii, ,\U1. • •· ·'• •: - I'# \I. &I \1 .It '' '• I ,,I,., . ~ ~ ' •

'' '· •'' •• \/1,, •' •. ''\:\ '· • · •'"'· ·"''·· ,tU/. ·'' '" • ·•"·· ,,\/,, •'''•· r,••iJ ~ .. ··'"'·· ,.,,,; ··\"'· \ ,\111. ·''''· .. ,., ,,,,1 .. \u1, ·•'· ··'''•. ·.,u •. ··'''·· '' ·'''·· ··''·· ·'··· a..1

\\11 • ·'''·· " • .. '""· ·''''· • ' ., • .,. "' • '· ,\\I ·'''''· t''·· ·•' "· ,1111, "''' •'""· M ·'' '·· • • .,\/,, ,\\11 I , ..... , •'"'•• \Iii \I ' II \ ·' • •II ,.\{, I ,.i\li. \ ,\ •. ,lll/, \ • • ·' "· ' ··'''·· ··'~' .. ' ·'''·· .I • . • ··''·· ·' ·' •• • •• '·· ,,,,, •• '"· ,,,, I ··' ''· .Al. ·"·· ·''"'"· ,\\ '· ·'"·· .·' '··1 ,,,.. ·'''''· ......... ·''"'· ·" ···''··. . \t: .• 11.. ~ •• ,. ''·· ,.,, • ,, •• , ' \ • • .,11r1•1.. ··'''·· . • .•• '·· •• ,,, • •• •• ..~'· ,\\f•, "'''·· •' '• ·• •• • J'" ''' ·'• '"· '''. . ,111,. I ·'''"· II . '"'· ··'" u, '• ' •. •I \ • •. ''" • I, \I ,, '• ''"' t/, lfl: .. ·''''· •••••• • •••• ,. •!r. •• ·'"'· ··''''·· ...... , •• ,. • ··''''· . ··' ••• _,.,,~ • •'''·· ... • •• ·' •• ,\St.··'''•· ·"'' ··'"' .. f.!14111.. \I ,,u,, .•••I, · h... ••"•· ··'"• ··'''• ·''''·· ·''''•· ·'""• ··''' .... •• .. ,,, . ,,, •' .. ' ' ,,, .... ,. ,,,,, ·'''·· ... ·"''''·· ·"''·· '" ·'''''· ·\''· ·'''''' ,, . •. ·'''' ··''··. ·'"1 ........ ,, .. . .. .

I '" . L ·' '·· . •. ·'''"· I I '"" ·'"· -''' I. ,\ t. ,\I.. •'' '· \I,, ~(II.. .•I/, ,,u. • • •• ·/ '' 1,. ·' "· •''''· ·• •'''· •· • • ·''' '· ''· ·'"'· ''''· ..1.ll1,.. .\\f,, •'"· '""· I \\I, ·''''· . ··'''· .• \,.. ·.•••• _,,11, •• ···"...

• • ··' .,. .... ... • ···'''· \\11, ,,, •

·'"'· ··''''·· ·'"'·· ·'''·. ··'''·· ·'"'· I "''·· ·••4 • ··''"· ••• ,. ·• •. ·'"'· ··'"•· ··"'"" .••• ,.~ ·''' \ ,,\II.. . ··'''"' ·''''· I \\' . ··"··. :.,,,, "'"· ,, . ~I. .... • . •• •. • ···'''· ·'" '·· ··'''· .Jl1, • • '"' •• 1 .. , :\'"" ··'"' ,\,, I '·· '"·· . ·'''·· ·'"'· , .. ,... . ··''''·· .. .... ·"''· ·"' . \ ;·'''··. .. . ·''·· I ··''·· I ,,,11.. .J.1.. ··"'• ,,,u,.. '

·''""· '"" u l''·· ,\"'·· I . ·'"·· ·'"·· ,,,,:·' . ·•"'·· ..... ··' • .... • • -#'' '·· I .\\I.. ·•'•. ·•11• .\I.. ,ill. ..,_ I ,\\tli,

-~ ~ ~ /o. ··"·· ··'' '"· • "'· • ,,,, ·'"'· '''·· -:._'\ ~ ·"· •• • ,-,,. cfu- ' I •• I ·'''·· ··''· . ··' ''· •"•

~ .. ,... ~ ··''''•·.' \·''''· I ..... ·'"'· ··,· '· ..• ,,, ··''''· . . ... ~ ~ ·'""· - I ·•''·· ,, ·"''''·· .. \ I. • • • ~-.1 ' ~ , • ·"'·· \. • ·'"'·· ·' ''·· \I "'"'· ··'' ...,., ~ - 'fl .. I ·'"'·

0 -S' ~ ···"'·· :\ I .. •II.. "'· ·'''" ..... ·' .. ·"·· ·"~~!> ~ v -~ '•,11 .. -~ '\! • 11•• ,.111 \ I . I -"-. ...,, ........ ·" ··"···~ ~ tJJ "' ~ ) .,;i1 ~'''·· "'' \ / '· •'

1'· . ··'"" -·'- ~ ~ _ ~ ;·~ 11.: ~I J ··•••·· \ I .. ·'''·· ··"·· '"'· ....... ·('~":'-;) ~ -~"<; ~~. ·~ ~ . '-•

..t'!:"1. • '''·· \ ~ ....... •''''· ·'"'· ' J \i.> . -;; /!'I ., ,, :$ $'\ ~ •. \ ...... "''·· •••. ... .• '· -~ ."'.\. .... ·.\ ~ ~ '?a. l··"·"

v 11,.u,.. \ . ., ,,, ··'''· .•• .,; ' •'11

•.J .:\ " .. :~ '.j ~ ··;··..1 ~ ~ "''''• '11) .&.. ··"·· .. · '.i .. ...,.. ··"· ·~'· ··~ .yr ~ ~ ~ ;J ~ ,J. " ,....... .• ·- -u ..... ·''· .... . ··.,/~-~ ;,;J; ~ ~ :J ·''"'·· ~I,:, I. ,1111, • .>\11.. •II, •' tj• w ~ -..,; ~ • '.', ~ • ,.•ti.

··'''· ''· ··'· ,. ~ 1Ji/ -7 '· 1.• • ~ >'. I ''''• ~ . •• : ·• JJ f!!'-. t) ~ "f' ·'"·· ··''"'·

11' • • • igure. Island

12 Bass #6

(lcrri=8.7m)

··' '· . ,., ·;, -•'"" ;u. • ~ • ~ . ~ ~. ':) td:J ;·~ . ''''• ··•'''·

''"'· •I. ·''~ I'~ w ~- . . \t •'-"'• ,\I/, •"''

.... ... . ••. .f.?'... ~ ~ ~ .:·-: •• :·····"·· ·'"' .... ........ • •• ,, ,,;;_,-, • "'l... ~ ........ ,_ • ...... ··""·

'""· ·"''· ......... ~ .. .. . ·'''''· "'' ..... _ .,1J1,, ·---. tt,, II. • td1: ·•''~ ·"· •••• ''· ·'''' I • •' I ,,

·•''· ··"· ,,,, ··"'·· ·•''· ·'' '·· ... • .. 1. ·" ·'

Figure: 13 Largemouth Bass #7

(1cm=8.5m) MAI .B

Figure: 14 Largemouth Bass #8

(1cm=10m)

z B c

11 .. :··'1. _, & .: A ~ .. 111 • .- .:,;~.'.'"",~:I.~ . .,.. ··"··. ·:.:~:.. ~~.';; ........... 1,,. ...... ··"'·· "'·:·· .. ·.·;,,,..''·· :;;··· ... , •• ·""'··" .. 1•N .. 1-. .... ,. "I'''··"'·· ... I ""' ~ ..JJ •" • . I .• 111.. ··"''·· .. 11,, .• .• 11, •• • ,,,;,,,·"'-. I ·''''·· . .. '-. .. •111." .. \II 111._ ""'· ·,,, •• 111., •

.. 11.. • "1 ~ .. •. 111 . ... 1.. ··"·· ... 11._ I ·""'· I . .. . II .•• , ~ ~ ~ ~ \•"·. I ' " I ll II I •'1

" • 01

'· .• l/1. ..\111 .1l 1' ,.II. • ,,1\11,

·""'· .«·"·} \ ''. .•. ·" I._ '' • ·" ;;~ • ,,._ ... 11,.. .M. ,,1111.. ··"''-. .. .. ·" 1'. ... "· ·"''''· •• 111... II " .1H1.. ,.1H.. I •

/,_ ··'"- -"!"> 0 .. J") ..... 11,, .. 111. -.:.;,_ ... .. ·'''·· .111., .. 11,_ .• 1\1,;:·'''·· ·''''·· ,111,__ "''·· ,111._ .. 11." '· ::., ·''"·· •• 111..... .\ '· .11111, 11 ~ '.;;;" ,. ;:i._ • .11, · .. 11.,: . ..II. . .Mt.. ..I(,._ l .• 1<1.. ..111. .Mi • .. 1ll1o, ,1111, • ..111.. ,1\(1., I/ •

·"· ••• _, ' • -~ 4".'!'?l l't l(;.,t ~- "·"·· " ·"'· .. •:- ··''·· .11/,_ •• 11:.·•'1 .. ·"'''· .. 1 ... . ... 111,,, . ,.111.. '. .. 11.. ··'''·· • ·"'" .• 11... ..1J ;~ .:; ·'"'· ·\' .r.;a, W fJ -f ~ ; ,,,,., ·'' " :.11 ~-·~ .. 111,. ,..1,, . .111;''•-. I ,,111, • ,.,.-. .... :) ...,,, •• • • ·•'''·· "' . .. .. 11/1.. ..1111.. ·' "· ,,, • • ..... ' . . . . '· ··''' ··''·· ,, '· ', . .

.,\t,, ··'''·· '!: ~ ~ q u It. "'"··. '''~. • .,\II,. .1111,. ,.,\(,, ,\\ll1,. ··' ''•• ~ •:o,'•, I>; '''· 1 ,.;·., ~-·;:j ..... ..1 •. ""' .• 1111.. ..111._ .11/1_. ·'"· ··''·· .11/<. ·" •• "...''~: .::•.1 . . ·''t';·. 71 > ~ '... ('•. ·''''·· . ,,,_, - 8 ·''''· ·'''·,.\ft ,,u,. ·"'·.,\Ii.·.'"'··.° ,,If. ,I/ ,\It, 4'• •el • ••• f •• ,. ·''''·.·'\' . .:) ·,·: :J· r·• ]>·.. .Jrl. '·· .,, ·, •• \'''··. '" ·' '·· ••• 11,, ·· •· • •• :• ••• ·,o: }.·:·P! • r .. , ~ ·'"'· ... 11 ti\ ' .,. · ' 1111 "

1 •• ·"'/, .111 • t •

... \••. . •• 1• •• : . .;· ·,•·: ' ' • • \fr ··'~''·. ·' •• 1/ It II • . •• •· ·•. ·o· • "• ••• do • -"' ~ •. ··' I, \I/ ·' t,• •' •• .~\f,, ·• '· ,,\ I., ,\\ 1... ,,\(, I·,• 0, .• 0 I•,• • ·~ •: •• • '· "'''· ~:' c.· l :;) .,. ~ I ·. ·' '· V .l\tll.. _,d1, "'''· ,,\h.. .•Ill • I" . ·••• • •. '• ·•· ·,' • • • • •• "' • I •.• ~ .. { ,1 I •• , l I "' ,. . 11 " J • •• A •••

JO " II . . . -. 1/ '' " · .1 I • " ' • ' ' , fJ . . ,, · . '· ·' '· ··' '·· ··' ''· ·'''·· . . · ·'' '·· '' 11' 11 ·,, · ·· ··' '· ·~ • ·• • ···o··. ·.0• ...... ,. £\ .... ,. l'Ji ·' '• . I • .If._ ,111. '"· ,,111.. . ""'• .... \/,. '' ' .II, •'~" ' '~ •'' ,• '•; .. '•' . \ll

J ~ ,.r,>a... W . ··"· .11._ .ill•. , 1 _.111 ... .11 .... 111, •. · ··'"'· ". .. ". •· ••• o.•~·:· ••o',.',','• .'.· "''· " . ;,; \.' ; • ~ '11f, . If · If l ,\\It,_ _,1\11._ \\( " \I ; • '~• ' • ' • • ' •' "a ' • ' ' ' o • O •

' _....... .• ,,\ti,, , '· ··' ,,, "''·. ,,\1... • ··~ ,,., , .... "'"" .. ··''~ •• w.-d··: ···o· .. :4>.•:···11" ··• •. ··.·:·.: !~·.Q• ,,,1, .... 'f. :""'1 ~ ~ CC'.• r •• \1.. I ,.I/, ,,Ht.. _.11/.,,, .•• 1\/1._ ,\l/1, ---,, \/1," • • .,., f • ' •'• • '•, •'~ •, ,•,•' I• o• '•0 ,o •' '•, ~ • \h•• ;,.} ..,. r.:'2 ~',1 '· '''· .• 11,._. ..111.. '' ' .••••• • .. ·•:••' !o ,•~ •• a.• ,,,o., .•.·.-.'·Q•' :-••·

-· "·J ' I ,,111. ,,11. ..\lf.. •\k ,,\11 ,\/,,.. ··'""·. ~ ,\\/1 ·' '. . ,\\t/., • t •,..••,ti• •' • •"' 0 .. •, • :. ' ~· ,• •, • • •1• ,• 0' ••1 • ! ' f • .. : Cl.. .•'.,I•·

7) _,lff , .. f,

0 ,o, • ,.,,,. o '. • If 0 'o - •._ o ,Q•,•, .. , : 0\'<?• •.o 1 0 I oV •'•,•····"·· ,.,.,v ~·0 ,•,•o• f .\lo.

- .. . . . • .. 11. "''·' ••• ·'·············"~·-•·''' ..... ......... •• • .................... ••'·••0···,. "J. ,.., ,\I., ,111., ill ··":,.:• •• •op• 0,,'-,91•._,,;,. ,0'~••'0• ••O·o-· •,•. •. tU\• •,O.••, .• ,·.•.o,.•,O• '•Q••,.:•••'•'•••,•,• ,\••· .. " s... . ,,111.· • 1··~" -.••o'• ·o···• ,·•.:. ,,.:•P·• .• • .• '.It ··:•·····~···~·lo.'·o•'o .··. ·•·a··o., ~.- .. :.-~···.'···• ,.:,.·;.:··~·o.; ·" ..... 11 ••..• 11. • .••'·'"··• .•: ........ ····~"·············~"'····•·.·1'·.o·::··-· . .: · ..... 11 ... • • ••••••••• o.,f",,'!> .. •.;•'·o•! . . o•.····•,1, .-"'

.11. · .1 ,;...;.,:o···.··:·:.•·!;.·~ci.·'·· "o'' ···•.•·10·,'• ·· ,..,:9••:.,··:.·.,. 0.~ f ·:o· •"•··~· :.·~a···'·o·· .•. • . ..... ,.:•.•." ·-···"···:•.··- · •••• · -·; ··' ............. 11 .... 0 •••• 0 ......... ':.···· ............................................ :.· • .......... ~ •• ·"·".: ··-:···· ... ~ ......... 4,,11 .. • • -! •.•.,·~ .o • .,.~. • .,. .• •#' ·' ., ••• ·~ ·""•' .o, •.•. ,o'•i .•••. ' .• •. o., • • ~ _., ·'9· ll,,,.••. :o '·• ,.·.o· , .. ~ q,• .·,· ·• o • • ·•.•·, o' •,.·,a.,.,, i .. , ·."" 0~·•'•'•'1·•·"·'''•• • :: •. ;•:,11••, •• ·11"•,•···o~:. ·•,.;.· .... ••" 0"·•··.~·'.' ••:-.~·o·'\1 .•·•,,·I).•. ,.· .. f',' ,'• ··a·::,.•••,o·•;"~'. '·~·.·o·····.'••;1.\I•· .·~~:.·,·;.·.11·•."~· .• :.o:.;~: ... ·.::

0• ••• ::····.;!·,! '•·p,~· ., ,.· ,•.:.o·•!.°!"1•·"1;.,:·o···•···· ·:'0· .• ·•··\.-.-:~0 ·:·~~~:·!;,• .•. ':•·'· 0,.:,·.·,.~·~·,.,:.-0,. \'• \~'o:• ': • .•: ~ :: ·•.;..'·i-'.1;:·.~. • :;,·. '. '.•: ~o':~ Xo'. ',". ~ '.• ":. •. • .• ''·/..,. •.,';~ ~ ~·~ .' ·.: ,.", ', •:a•.'~· ,t .'·:~ ··:.1 :o:·;·.; ·.'. ·.:: '.•:-..: :-. :•.: C! i ~ ! ~ • • '1

; ~o·,: •,:'.; .0;:. 0,: •: ; ri :. '!.': ~ 'o'·" :,. :· ! ':;,.r.'-,· ·.~·. '· D: .;;• •. ,. ~:o···· .·; ·.'.: !: ~· o·'; ·,·'.;.: .' .;•.' ·.~. ·''l/'..,,,; "'·.· :• -;o·· ,,;; •.; .• ·,.•: •• :•.o .• ·:·O. :t .. ;.~.o ,·,·. '· ·.~ ·: \ o,. :·,:o·.; •· ~· .-; : ? ; .·,·~·. · .. · ~ •.• .•:: ~.~·~ •. ~ '·,• ~ .. o.' ...

0 • • • t• •• Cl • e ., • \ ' ' • ' • • I ' I 'a• ' l • • • • • 1,\" \ • I' OI ' I I • I • ' '

·., ..... , •·.·•• !>~·- • ••••• • •. ·,. ~ ....... !: ..... ·,. ·• ·.;.•. ·-~x·· ... ·''· ·· ...... · ..•.. : . .Q ~ :,-•• o: ..... ·,· ~ 'ci· ... • •• ': ... -..;;:: ...... : .; •• ': •••• ·a .••• , ..... : • ••. • -. : ...... 1•·· ;·. ~ ~.!.'t ~ 1 :.+ ._o; :,',o.•:~. ·; ;.o.,·. :·.: .• : # o.'·:.! < ·! ·, .. 1 ,( : ; ! · ... "' · .~'. 0-.•.: .•·. '· ~; .• · .•· •· . .; ":'· '.- \' .. :·.;:~ ·• ~ :•'.'.o::: •''.. ~o'::· • .. .".• C! .:: : ·:.: ,• .',i. ··}~\·: i; !~·~:.~~ :~c.~i~.·. ·; ~~: f.\:4.:.~:.~:·:~-;:::::~~~ :~ ~·. ·1'' •• "" .. '"'· ··~: .;~ "'..1 •. ·'"· .... r~ ~:!:~.~~ :.- · · ·, ~··:·?:··· : .. ~.; ·\: ~:.,:.:/;r;· ~·!; .~ ::·:::·.:·~·:: ~·l; !,·.:.~· ~ '.;°:':'. .•

11

,., .. ,,·0.,·;.•·.·,· 0•",'• .. ••,•'•• .11,••,•'o"j .•,,;.'I-. •.· '. · ,1111. ·•1·. 0 .. :· ;.•V'• .•"•·~·'· • ··.•·.·.·.;.1·•·•·"'••'·-·.,· • • • ·• ·o·.• .~ :, ~·.:··,:::'.-~~~; '.ci .:!'~·:~·. ~;~~'.-~· :~ 4:: "/·~· ":Je · •: •.; O:•; ;.·:, '' 11•. •.°:..'• ·''11

'· . ··''!-?. ·:.' .:. •: 0• -~ ~: :·;~:.: .'•:.; ,; : ·;:0°• :• ;:,:;-o.-. ;·,;~ :~ ~ ·~ ·= :." :· .. .:: • i ~ .', ·; .'• •,.; 0 •

~~; ~·:~·~~ ::-10···::: :" ~:-~·::.•: :~"!-~ :::~·:~ :;:,~:i(·:·.~o: .: ·,·;;~ ·.:·:~·~·: 111••• '"· 0=>·;:·~':·:~:;.c-~~~=··· ·/'-.~;;;~-...;.: ·: : .... : : .... ·:· ..... · · ·, ~1::·:.~ ·~~ ~.·.~· .• ·~·: •. a.·:::, .• '··.:.~~~

t';"' .. •'·'··• f''' ·~·: ,.•.', o' '• ' •'·" .~~ . ," • •• ' :·•. "''' ·, •O •: •. • . ·..,;.~ .•. •' ,..·.·.,·, '•'"'.·;•'" :-'11 .. _..1 • •·'' .• .,· • •: •••• " .~· -.~~; ~ F .;:.·:.··: ::·. ,·: :·o; ~:; ;.::~·.:: :~·:~•; :~·::o:: .;:::. ·:.-:. . .... ,:. · ~ .. · ,·: o ~:·~· .': :4: ~ ··, ·::0: ;· !°-:£ -:: •~"· ,i•·· ,11 .. ~ ;- ·.!:·~=~'-a:~::· :'·".;.'· .·.• ·:·····."<··~·····:,·~·•:····•:,·•., -.·.):, ........... •..:,!.,_-.~., ··i· :·· • .,.,·:·:o···.•·f.:.f,:·7 ;-..o •••.• _. ••. ····~·· ,, .. ·'"'·. :--1 • ~ .... ~ • '.· •• •

• • ·.·.• • ••• .,._ • • ·:..- •• • • ·• • ' 0 ··~· ••• • ... ~-· • ,.. • • • ••••• ·o· ·• ·' .·,. • ·- .-:. ··o · ... • ·• •" · · •' · ' .. · • · .,..•.•.• ·• ~~· •. i:•!·•,·,··•·o·:; .•. :··.•· • .-·: .• ~.·~·,._·.:• .. ~.,··:·a•,:~.,., .,, .. ,:.·,··.···:.•.•: .. :·.···•·····"''•,,.:•.•/,:••.;·.···"'''· ,,1 ... ... '•'···.~:.:.;· • • '•• ' ,1•• • • o • •I • • • 4 t 0 1 ' t '• ' • ' I '· • •0 t • t 0 • C. • • '•• • '' ' "" 0 '• •I •'Ii I•• • ' .•;;'·.~ ~-· : •: ,·.\: ~: ,-: ,•; d.'·,i ~ :·.-.•-: ;:.::. !:.'· ~"::;. :, : . ~ :. :· _.~;·:~ .· "" ;: ; •. ~ ·6 ~ ... ~ :. •,",.;: .: ;,:0.-:·;.~::•','•":: ·: ,'. •:: ·: .~._· •.: ':. _.,,11 •• ~"· :, ~: ,·:.; : ............ o 0 O O "•••'• •o ., •••• ····•··,

0 ·.·.·~~ :;;'o.:.··~'-';··:··::.·: ": O,• ... ;1,:0···! : •• ·.·~::.-· '•, ,,,\._ ,,\\l'L'_.o•-= ...

•·• ··: ···•· ,,.,•,;t· .. ·'·••··o·~;.·•·!·.•·o•;.• .. •······"C,\••· ~·· • • ·~• •. ·,. ·~" .. : •. • '• ·.~:. ;• · •• ~; r,,!!',; .•. • . y

Figure: 15 Large Large

z A 117 ... ~--~

Bass #8 . . (1cm=11.JIIl)

outh Bass outh

. . . ... . . .· . .. . . ...... "'!· .. ·

B c

', ••.... • • .... •·•' .. •o' '·O •• , .• •.•,• ..• ~• ., ~· ,• '·:.·., • , .. •• · • .- •, • • -_·.;,·. 7·.•.":."·•·.o' :• .•: .•" ::;.:•>.".·•:•.;..:".· •.·; •·: p~ ·~;: ~· ... ; ·o: :-"!•.•:. • .... ,;,~.··. • ,. u• .•.

0

• • • •••• ~· .. • • •• ·O •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •••••• A • • • • • .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • '46 ,. ,o • , •• u • • a• • • , 111. •.••a .- •" • • • • • ·.,., • '11 • • • ' • • •' • • • ' ,. • • • • • '• • • ' •• : .•: _>.•'.;": ; ..... : ··.:•: .•:. -.: : : ; • : :::.'.;, ....... : .... :~; ....... •• ·~ ·: ·: :. ·.' ·,~:· ·:, :·~·~ :, .. _.; :;; ::?.: •. ·;;· '.::·.,.: ............. .' ........ :' ·:.· ...... -~···::: ... :; .. ·. '"" : ' .......... :.· .. -~· .. :·,. ........ , .... -· .... .. . ..... ······~ , ................................. ·; ............ :·:·.: ....... · ... -............. , .... ·. : .. . , .... : :·: :~.;.: ..... .. : .. ·. ~.-.... : ··:·: ··~: ............ ·. ,.; ...... ' ';. :.• .-.;; :-.~·: ~--:' ..... ;·.':: " .... : :.· ........... ·····'" ,. ............ , ................... ........ : ................ ···•··· ............. .. • • • ' • '• 'o ' •

0

• • • •• : ••·•' • "o .° O ' 0

• •,' .: •. • .• • 1

O • h •• • • ~ • • •' o ,ti• I•,•• •. o • ·'· ••, • ! •'• • 0

0° •t, • .-.~:· o

0

,_'. t ,t • r • t • ' I ct •P' • ,. Q • 0 ... o •'• '• '0 0 o0. • fF.• •e• .~.-· • •· •• .-. • • .• .......... . q; ~=::•· ·:·~·::--: -~-:· ............. :!:;· ..... ':

~ .•...•.. o. • '· • • ~Clt·· • •• o• • .• •.•

Isl ~ ,,W!-.:'T7',-\ ; ••.••. :,·.-.·:;,.-,·;;;.··~~·.:·.·~; •.:··.:.o..·:;::•:.

AND ~/. . . . ..• , .......... • ........... . :;"• ...• "':::.·· .. :·::.:.·.•; ·•·•· :•.-:·.-.·:::"!~·.· ..... : :.:: ·: ·::·:: .... :. ··, ·•·i. '•o• . .. ·o•.•·P·•·•·'··· ... •.••"·•• •• ••

/ ,11/. o• •. •. ,,. . •• ·o ~ ~ ••••••••••• -· ... -. :N' "! •• ~ •• • ...... .

A ,,. ... -,,,.\\1.. •I •0 " • • \ ~ • ' • d

0 0 • •' o •'" e" • •• e• • '.' o • '• o • •

• f ,. • : • • • • • • •·• o.' • .- • • • ;,_. '. • o· • .~ •: • • . ••.I•• •': ; • • ;

..• : ,_ ""'· .. 11''·;~ :·:"::; ::o:J· '-.:: :~:·;.~: ~·._..y:·.··:;-. ~·: ::.:":: ~.:.: ;;.o ~ · "'''· ~ .• !,.• ·'·' -..!::·•·o!•.• .. ·;: .. •·i;~:. •~o,' .• ·.·•··•::

. ,, . ,. ·'''· .. : ~.: • •• : 'l''• 'p •• ~ •• ·, ••• .:: ~ • • •• •. '· .... ••••• ........... • • •. ,Iii . o•."• •

0., •• • :J o, . .;· •.• ·r·«•·•-;•·.; ••. .-.o o.·.·,.•.•:•o.-4:

• ·''1''· •'

1 J ·. ,.,,,',:. •, .. ,':: .' ."··. •: .:t· .•: ~; · ~ .•: ; .• -; .. • ",..? :•.o ~ · :0 • • •: • ... : :"'~; :.. :·:

'·· ··"'·· _,,. ,. ·''"~ :: ..... • ~ .• o .• :·· .• : J ... :···:. · ..... :•· ~ . :. . ! .o·, .......... : • ... . . . ... , .. ····'·. '.• ..................... · ~-~ ....... . - .... ..... •l .................. -1 •. ·•· ............ -· ·-· ........... .. ; : ·:~;:.: .• ::: . .-.·;: ;:•·· .;,, . ·""· ·~ ·: :»~' .; ' : · ;:, -~· •· .-·r ;_-. 1 ·.::; .:. ~ '.oi. •·. ~-·.-.-:.•: ; ;: '·: ''.:' ~ :: ~ '. . :• .. ····· ....... :- . ,.. . . .. , ... . .... .•.. ........ . .• -· . _ ............. ~ ........... ' .................... ,. :'' .• ~· ......... ;: ........ -. ;. :..1 . ·: •.. ': .. .. , .... ,.,.... .. .......... •· •• '" .':.--·;: :: ;:,:.:;.: .,,._,,t :: : · :(o·:; ~: ~ ·:· ·.-: .. • .,; .. l· ·• ·: ;~-t·· ... ~., ... ~ .. :,:'.' ··.·.:·.;.: ..... ·• :.-. ...................... , .... --~ ...... ·.···• -~·'-··· .;.-' ......... , ................. . . •. . , .••.• ·····•···· •••• [-.: •. f• ._., ............ , ... .-1: ....... :~'· .•. , ....... ,., ... •)• ;.; : ··:'. :.-·:'.\: •• ·:·· :-.... ; ;_.:;· .: , ........ -,.:. ·:..-. ::•:-.· ,. ... </"-"''· •• ·: ... ;,: .. • .-· :.·. , .. , ....... :.• ·~ :.:: .... f .~ ... ~·~ :: .•.. o·:.-·'•''••o ·:·· ._:i·,·-·:·.······ .•.. ,>~.··• •,·:. ~ ::.···.····:'····•·":.·,········:.· . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. ... . . . "., .......... .,~ •... -. . ... .-. . . . . . . . . .. · ..... · ....... . .. • .•. :.. . . . . .... . . .. . ... • ... · ....................... · -.· ........ , ...... · ' ....... ,. ,. ~.- . .•. : .·.-: •• • .··~.; .'o ·.' 0. ':: • :'. :·::'. ·~ .-;-" ·' ... ; •• • .'; • : O:. • ;.- ._ • :.•: .--..•·:.·:"~· .;:: .. ;'.-,:. ~ .. •: .... :• .. ~" , .. ·-· :: ...... ::: . : : : ,, .... '. :· .. .,.-: ........... · .......... •. . ...... ·. ~; .. ~·· '. .; : ....... , .... , ....... ~ .. ·,., •."•···\ :.•.; •. ': .. , • ·o·~·· • .• ·f:• -'!--~, ••• ·• ,..,,..·,· •• ,·:.• • : • .•• o·' •. o •. ,· •. o .; !·.;·,·.:.··•·• .. ·• :· ·o:·:-···'.;,,·.·. fJ•:·o.~·· •. :. ·.···1~'4·····.o, .. ·.·· .·.·•· • • ._ •. ~ : .. · • .-•.. · ..... -~.o· ....... .,·.•:;..· ... ·,~ . ·.: • -~ ... ;: _, ......... ·. ··: .... ; ''" •· ... -......... :·! ·:·.-.-::: ·: ; :·.. .. :.: ........ ::.-·, ., ... ;·: . .:. ............ ; .. . . . ... .. ...... .. .. . . . . .................... -.. . . . ... "• ..... ,., ...... .

· ·• • • .- .... ·: • •. • ' · • • .• .• ." : ···•o• "· :-. ~ ~ · • · • ~ • • '• • · · • :· • •· · ··.: o• • •. • • •• ,: : ,· •• • • .0 • • • ~:• ... : .• :' ., ....... "'. ···:::. :.: .:·: . .-:.:;' ; .. ,.-... • ..... , .. -::-.' ..... •· ": ..... , ............ :, ...... : .. ·:··· · ........... a··.'·•,,·.·'? ·•·••' •• ,•,.,•.,•',•.••"···'o• ··• ,•• .•. • •·"• ·~ "·o· •·•·•· ••'•• ........ " .................. :~· .• .. , ...... ·': . ., : ... •,• ! ........ ·.; • - ......... _ ........ , ............... .. .. .'·.: ..... ','." ::. ; . "·.: :: ...... ;.: ·.': '.&::: ... ;. ·:~·.; ~ ~ .. :: ·;·: ........... ,. ,, ;. ,. :,: .:;..:,·;.~·.-.•:: .. .. ..... · .......... ·; ...•...•. ···?· .... , .................................. · ._, . -~ .......... · • .. ." , ... · .<· .......... ·~··-:·· · ... ,. ............... : ........ : !·':. ..... ' .... • .••.• ; ' ................. • .•. ......... •., ;··: e: =·."· . .• , .• , .• ·. ::· :·...,;'.: ' ........ ~.-,_.,.: •• . .-.::. ...... , :· :".-:·.' ... -. .... -. .. _. . .,.. ~-. ·.· ... •: ..•... •· ....... ·.~ .. ·• ............ ····' ............ : ................... : .... ___ ....... . . , ..• o .•.··,• ,. o•o • -~ , •• ,O••"•" ,o•• ••••• • •. • •o .• ·• • ·•" ... ··' .• ·,·•·•·.a .,: ......... ·• ... ,.. .. .. .. ... · ..... , .. , ............ ., ,.: ....................... -. .; .......... , .... .,:· ................... · ................. , ..................... , .·;-·· .................. .. • v ••• ••••• ..... .; • •••••• •• :.:"·"· • • • ...... • ...... • •••• •••• •• ••• • • ·.-~: • • - .................. ••• ••• ··:.·.········ .•. · .... ;..•: ........... ~ .......... , ....... -·:•··~···.O• ... ··=~·:, .... _, ............. . . '..·· : .................... , ................. , ............................ ···•··•· ····'.·•·· ... -..

• ... • .•• , .o. , • , ·.~ • • • • ..... : ••••• •. .... • • •• ... • • .. • .•. • •• •. •• . . ..... '.· .••• , •••• •. • ......... . ;:.···· .•· .......... ··· ................ , ........ , .............. · ............ .. : ............ .. •. .• ·; .... ; · ...... , ....... ;.: •.• :· ~ ....... : . , ..... ·:.·'" •. .;:: •. ···'.« .... ::-·; ........ • ........... ;~:; ·; ..... ... .. ... . . . :: . .. . ., . .... ... . .. , .......... ;..... ........ .. .... , ..... ·:. ·-· . ... ......... .... . : ... : ; ....... . .. . .. .. . . .... . : ............. .' ....... · .......... : ... -.. ·~. _ .... -··., .·'. ·~ ... ., .... , . -.: ... : ... ' .... ~ .. -.... . . .... .. " ...... ; .. ·-·· .: , ......... ; ..... , ..... ,~ .' • .... " ' ...... ., .... "' ... ': ,. .. _,: , ........... -; .-.:.·· ............. . : .. :·· ..... ,_. ... : : . ; ..... ;:·: . ._; ~:· <'. ~ .. :·: .. : -~ ·..-.-.·:· .. : ........ ~· :~ .. , ........ ... ~·: :- ·' .:- ...... : : ·"' ' ... ; ... : : ~ ...... -.; ::· .:; ~· .... :.: ........ .' :•:.;.-.; i ... :. : . ·:: ~ ;. : : "· '~ · .. ; ;~· ...... , .. • • • • • • •• • • • • • • 0, • • • •• • • • ••• ••• •• 0 • • •• • • • • • • • •• .. ••• , .... , ••••• ••• .. • •

' ...... :·.' ~·:: :::~" ::;'; ; ~ .:':':·· :-::,~:.-•. ~:; ;: • .' /.:: ;-.; ' .. :..: ::·:.;~;::';. ·> :~":<\ <;-~;: .... ~;~ .. ~.~:;:.; ~ ·••·•·• .• • .......... , ...... . •.. ,, ..... :;·: ... : .......... _ ............. ., •• , . •;.:· · •. ·: =·: •....... '" .• : • , .... : ; .•.•.• • •• ' • ·; .• •' ·•'o•' ·.; • •• ••• ••• •,' •: ~ •• • ,.• ,·•. • •• -.· •• • .·:·a• .... '. 11o•,·o·.: •. .... ·• • •···._ :.•··•· • • • 0 • •• • • • ••• ••• • • .. 0 • • • • • .- ••••• ~ • • •• ~ l'"• • ,; • • .•• , ..... ; ~ • ..· •. • • •• • .• • •• ,.. ~-....... ': .. ...... :· ... :·:·.. . ..... : .. .'; ........... ,: .......... : ,_ ... : ...... , ~·:- .;.., ... ,,_, ... ..... '·

,.:·•:_::. ,.':.;.::-;:....:·~··:· .···:-.~:.:.~· :· ... ·:·.·:::."··.·:~·!··:.•'.'• ,.·~· i· .... ~-"" •• :s ')c-:_ , ..•. o•.•·!'::. ,;-...... ~.· :·;.i. ..... \!_:.•···! __ ,,, ·-~ .~ <:; ~"' ... ~G ~· ~ ~ " • I• e' •• .. 0 ........ ' "-' ._. .v " • • • ' '7\ . .:..· •.. : , ..... ··:; .. ·' ;; .;;. .<" .. ::;, • <: t!" . ·- . .. .. ....... 0

" t'"-' - 'c,:;. ~ ""'-G.--~ c· \~ t; ~ ./,· ~· #. · •• .. '.,, l""• ~ e. : ~ ~ =.'' ~ : ;- ~ c~,. .. ,\u ... . ·"'' <,; .... • ..,,, ,,., rt l'" ,. (· ,.. ,.,;;:'~ .... ... )">. ..... :. :;_ .......... .

I, '.. / 't,i; ~ /'. 10 ~ ~ .-.·-i' (.: '"!'..... • • • • 11, ••• -. ·"•· .\I#.

~,1 ,·l.I •••• :!f. ,n .... ' ~ ~· •. · - • \I/ . -• • •'

1

'" •""'' ""'"""' ·''' " \ • .... T /-.,_,. F' If::• ,,,.. . ....... ' ·• 1· ,\/1, _,\110 • ,1 ...a '• ·.,\lft '1

• 1\11. ',\/, J

_.u, •"·· 7 'l"' ,er], .• 111... ..111, .\I. ..1\/1 ·"---~ I • \l . . . • .. u,,, I • ' I ' '' ' -· ---~- 'Ii .• "· '

1

' ~ ·"'· ,, , .. './. ·' '·· _ ........ ·-· .... _ ... ,,..- . ~· ... ··~ c .·· . • \II ••• •• '·· .... ~- - - G --.... ..... -- . - . . . .. ·"" . ·: - (; , . '

.. ;~ .. :"<;;_ ... ': ..... ::::.'." ....... .. .... :.('~ ~ ,:·:§ ~"·c '."(~.: ~ ~ ~-· c 00c e < • ' .•\II, ,.\/,, :.,111. ..1. ,11, ·"1' ~ ~ f!'> ~- ~ .t:;-tu '"'i; ,.,.. ~ "'f' ~ ·... A". I' "'~'.·, .,., 'ti:' 4i: . . <i ~ \!' .,,. ~ ..,, .... • "' ~ c "" .... "' .. (

D ~ {; c ~ n (\ C ~ ~ ~ ~ tit'- C. ~ , c .C ft.~~(' ~ t: ,.,, c- <?' •• C 0 £,; ~ ~ C- ><': G €, c. /b I"!',. t0 R. g: .. • 4 (~ r,. ~,> fJt> c. ~ ~ "t<; r- G ~ 't4,· '"" P.1' gu. l.V>e·.. 1 .. 6 .. ::i. ••• •• • f' .• ,.:·· "'"··· ,··· ..,. '(> ... ~~ ,,. ~ ~ :. . ,~ tt ~ ·'''· •• '· •• 11, •• ~ ·- 'l...v. ~ '· l!"'t "'

Island Bass f10 "· .... .,,_- ··•.-. ... "'''·· .. :~(];{:.;, ~ "'~ ~"~ .~ .. ~ C .. :r ·•".. ·"'' . . •

( 1 cm=11 • ?m) ·"'·· · ·'"· · U;> :· .. M:? t:. /':~ .... . .. ....... .., •. ~ ··'"'· . . • t!' € ~ .. ..... ·'''-

c Pigure:17

Largemouth Bass#11 (1cm=12.8m)

M A I N L

A N D

. ""· ·":.;,:, ('i::i~·.;.·{{~···:(;-=-:?f.:-1::-TI;-----:---··"·:·< ~, ·-s":' (, - C.·. t·~) "'"· ·'" .... "' , ...:: "" •.. ·'"' .. -:-.~··:-::;;ii.::---::m::"."'"-----. ~ e {; ~· I /.,, ,,\:·· ,.,\\11.. ,,\/,, ·'"''·• •''"•·

.. \'I'

'' '· . ' t':.~·• ">' ,··'' 1'" \II ·'"' ' \I ··'"'·· ·"-\'> ,,,. ..., •• ·"' •• , • •• .~ ·"··

;j .. •"-. . . ", . . ./ ..;;- C' "" . ... 11,. ·"'·. • .. . """ ··'"· ~ ... "''CJ • ,._ .. :; ,l "" /'!> .·· '-. •• ·'"'· • • ''~ ... ~ r!. • ··''''·· ·"'

;) ... ~ e.-_, ct} ~ ·''"'· "''· ·''''·· ··'"< '· / ~tf\:) ~J ~?-,·.· 'f{;:;<f C" r.:'.· C'C)··, 6.:~ .. ,1·, '.~::~":~ ~ ~.· {~:~Ii~;." ~~:.·~.·,·:~,,',:;,,_ ·''~.~11:.'.11· ~ '';, <;) °' I!) "') . "' ·'" ""'· ·'"'· .... "' , . ... ~ .. . . •. ' r. . ., • ' • ti> "' ; :·:,. ·•"• I ·'' ··"" ·U . ,.,-,. . ~ I" , ·.' ' ··"" • '< "· ·"· . '· • U •" .. IV ""' ~ ") •.. ~-._ .. ; ... _ ~ .. • ........... ,,, <"!J '.• ,., .... " ' '~ -lo ""·· '·· .• ..• ~ ·'"'· . ··'""·· .M. ·""'·:· '· •• " \} :t. "" o ·• """-' W ""' or .. -cJ> ir:. "' ··"''· "' · ··"'!> .,..... ...

.,, .,.. & " .;;;] ·::> ;) ~·. . ~ '!) .• ~ Jt·;:"v'.,. ~ ~ -~ f . " ·. '" ..•. \ ···"-- i,- ' ~ .... _ ... ,,; ••. ..;, ... -.;:;> " ..,,, - ""' ~-;> ;• '..' • " "" :{,1 ' .... : • ...... •. ·"· • '(). ·""'· • •

"'·· ·"· . ..,_,,....., • 0 ., :i) :;J .;,s s, C?i JJ' """. 0 J) '? ,., .~ ...... - I· ·"'· . ·"· .:i,, •'' U '.."' · ·'"· '"'··"'· 1_'1.• •

11

, •· • ~ ~ )· J ~ ,.· :;)· cV lj) .,....._ '·•" 1'• I ·• ... /

1

• • 11~ ·'11

• 11 '· ,,l.r. ·'

11

'· ,,\Ii. ·'

11

• -. . . . ., - . . . ~ . J .. ' > .. • ~ • - .. , • ... "' . •• ;:;~·':•:'.; ·'"· I •• ·~ e • • ' < :; , '- • •. ·•'• .•• , ... • ..... : .... / ·•\I ,,,· .. '• ,,II,-, ,111.-: .•' .•Ill" '· ,,11; ''· ··'"'•• • • • • • • .. I : .. ·:) A. 0· !) ,, "'' I f . ·' . ,, ... , . .. . I ; • •' • .e>.; •. o. ,• o ·. ,,,. :.'... ~ ' i:J· .. ~ .. 'o o;;' ··. •. ·""·· • '•. ·"•·· ··"·I '· ,\11' , 11'""'· -'"' .. \ '"• ,,,\&.., ~ . ··' 11, "''

•" • • •. • • • • • • • ,, •. ,, "" ,.· n •'' "" U ·"· I '· "' "• "' • ·' ' • "'' •• • '· ~ • • •.•• , •• ·: ••• ; .- • -··"·· • •• : •> - ;., ~ ., ..... ,,, . •• ··"'·· .• '• ·'"· ... .. • ·''' •. ,,, ..... " ·" - •• • . • • • • - • .. • • • . I -. ···" ... • • . .... • .. • I • I • "' •• - : • . . ., • I •. • • '.. -";. •.: ·'. ·- ·: .• -:. ' !".: . -~·, ,.. .. "· " •. ....... ··' ..._ .. ~. .. . '"· ...... ";"' '·· . -· -;' .•· .. ,.~""- ,. ... : ..... : . :: ! ; !.' .' ·' "'"· "'· ·"'" \ . ··"· ...... ••. ... . -.·.·--: :· ·, .. •· _. -..• : ... :~·-: .• :: ..... . ,,;.: .. ~ .. , .• : .•. ,.~ ·' .•.: .•: _ ,.; .• · ·; .. . • . ~ .· • .• ;' .• ' . , ... ·i" ,,. .•.....• ; , .• ; : ; . '·'' ·""'· . \ '" ····- .... • ... ;:. : :'• '·· ·:·: ·-: ~ -, :-.'<'-'· :_- :-: ... ~:-: :•.: ·.:.·· o·i·: A·.::,.;·:;.:.~·: .. ,·.•!':;.-::· : ,: ,. :-u ~ ;:: ·:· :x·: :'.-: · « '.;.·~· ::-:~· · .• , ·.o:-: ~': .: : ••\ '" , "·· ··""·· •'.·.· ·• • '.·.'<: :·.;::;, ·;.•.:. ·~.-.:::;··::·~· •• 1 <::· :· ','.':: ! "•• '0 :: i •' •: ·•·".• ·~ .'•:.';,I > ... ; .·; ...... •• :. 0 '• •: t ,-.; ;,.' .'•: "' • •;'. ,·:·:i •.;: :,;."•~ • ·~:.' •lJ '~·. · .-':.:.: ;; .• ; ., •. -;: .... .': ; .•. ' · ........ , ·:· ·- .-·: .... -. ·.··!. :. :.• ........ •· ·-. ·: ......... • .• :.' .; .. : . ·_;::- :.• -~· ·.; ·J:: • . ; '. , ..... ·"· ! ... •. ·• .• -~·''. .. , ........ :;-: ! '.·::." .. - ·:, ~·.- .. •.:·:·::· ., :: •. ,.-:.-: • ·":;·: ;;-·_.•·: .. ·~· '•. :· .~. • .•. ·~· ·:· .·-_!·. •: ,:: :,. ,·'. ·,. :.·; . ; .,. : ·.•·· ·.·: •.. I:,;· .. :, .. :·:!:'.::.•:·.:.;.· .. ~·.:•: .•. ,..;: ·,:' • -\ .,·· .:.>;!.­·, • • ·• .• ·· :,-: ; ':; .;• •• • .' • .:~·:." :;:- ;•;;. ; • i . .'• .~;. • :, .:· ~ ,0. • ,·.&' <' • ~;., ·.·• ·' ·•· . ./• .. • • •.;·· ."•"·'. , .. :. 0

• ~ o' • • ·o:- • ~ ·~' :···'''· • • :~Pl '. • •• ~ • •• ·• ·•. O • •'.. • .. ~-··· .. -..... ··-''· ..... . :• .·.:· .·· -.·. ·'' ... · . .. : .. ...... ·.. . ....... -... ,. .... · ......•. , ... ' ........... ·. ""·' . . .... , ......... . - ••••.• •.- ..... -·'. • . • -· •• • • - • •' .... ' .. - • ...... • • - • • • ••.•• •t '" • . . . • • • .... . • . • ..... ,.... - • .. ••••. •• • ... ,: ....... ··:·• •. : . -·· f .. ~·;:- ;; .,:.: .... :: -:: .• -~; ..... ,., •• , ...... ·,' - • : • .'·-'': . , ... : ; :.· : ··.' .... .-... ' ••. ;: . ;.; .. ::.·:· 'JJ," ...... .•: ... ~-.: ._;:;. ! .. ,. 1· •• ~·.:~: ~·:.:•; '. ; .,;'·" ';".°;..' .-:: ; ; : :·,'. :: ·:'.; :. ~.; ;. ,·: ·~ ·;·. •: ,: ,i; .~ :,':;: 1·,: ;t ,': •, :· . .;. •, ·/': ~i .• :/?:•;'. t. ·:.;. ,•; ~: ·:: : ! : ; : '" ·:·.:, i ' \: •.. ··"''· ··"'· .·I • ·: :· ,•.; '·:{!/·:,; ................ -.·--· .... _., ......... .-;·.·· ................................. · ... ..... l , ............. , ........ :;·.······'·. -"·' '' ..... ··:•···· •• ,.:• ··•·' •'-'"'• • ,,o .. ,.- .• •• .. •,• O"••'''"•"""·••'••••"' ......... ·•·:·'·····•,o•"··· ....... •• •'"'· >' .• ,. • • •• o···O• '••"' ........ :-·········-··--····.:·····--··:·····-·············-···· , .... - .•....... · ......... ···:······ . " ,_,,., ... ······ ..... h .. .. •·•:····'· ... •.-,.~ ... ·"•· ..... ·; .• •·:~·. • ': . .. ·•·o·•····i·;.··<;>: • ·.··~·I ·.·o··o·:- a·,,·•.' •. ,; 'f''·. ·~·.•·'.','' •· ··'"·· ·' '·· { . • • •. ,·• • • •·· .•. ·-- . ..• . . . .. . .. . . . . -- . . - .•. - ... - ..... -.. , ......... -. , ......... ~ .....•.. : . .. ...• . . .. ... . . ;.• . . . .. . . . . ... ·· •• - •••••• - • ·-·~· •• ' •• ,- : , ...... , .; •••••• ·-- • .-·. -••••• ·--· ........ -•• -. ...... • •••. , ·•· ·: •• ·• •• ••• ... '.: ., .............. -.. ... ·""·· • ·' .•• 0 •• ~ .• ... _: .... ; •. .. - -. . ... '. -"' . . . . . . . ..... - . .. . . -. . . . .. ... . . . .. .. .. . . -..... :. . . . . '. . . . . . . .. ·-· , ,. . .. ·- " ;-; ~: :·.o" .:.".:, t ·,:,-:•:: :i·: ,•;•: •. :;;:··, -.:::: ,'::·-:.' • · ;., : ·;·:'0 • :; ,.;•.~:;· ,:-: 'lo·i ·:·':::. ,.: ~.;·.· "'.:4·; ~ ·.:: •:~·:-: :.O;; ·.: ··""'· ·""· ···"'I ·''·· x: • ·,;:... .. '·· ·~ ~. ~ ~·:" •. : ~;~: .• ·.; •.••. • • .' .-:. .;;:.:: -~:: ~ ·:·:'.::·: !'.··.:·~.·· o' •. •. ··~.· •• ··:~· • .• •· • -~.• •• ~ ••• ·.:·.· •• ·: ~; · :..:~··.' ~:;::.·~:J .·, ~o=·::· :..·~o ;.·. :·:,.: .. ".i .: ·. ~ -;-:0·;•:

11

• :,· :!'" ,.•'''·· f '··· .t.: ·: ·'.·•"· ·'"'·· • . • .. • • . .. - - •• -.·- • . • • -- - • .. . • ... '. . . . • . • .· . 1 - .•. ·... . . • . . . . .• . • . •. . . . . ·•' •• ., . • . ·''' :·•:. .- •. ····-·~ ...... :. ,_ ....... :•.' , ••.• ; ,.•: ,. ;: ;,.·' -..... ;, . ':• .... ,: . ... ... . •} ... , .; .... ~;· , .• ;; ·" .,, ... : ;i·.-:•:::·' ... ·.: •... ' .. • .. .• ··''":·. i ...... . . • •, • .-••' ~· •• ••·~·"': . . _. .. , '""" . • : .,. _. • :-····. :·· . '""·I· •.;,-· •. i : . .,. ' • • ·' ..• · .• ·,.-' , .• " . .-• •. -.. ···"·· I •' " .• ,. .. . , .... v ._ .. ,._..,.-:.-:."';..'·"'··.-.·'·•···,·······":.·•," . ..:········.-.. ._.; .. ;!.'-~"'"''·.·····:···•"· I'·,.' .• ,,,,·"" •• - .;. :::"'.': ._ :·, .-,.,:,··.-· ... ·: ~, .... _ ._:•: .~: ,~ .• ' -...:,;.: . .-: : .... ' .... !· ::·:· ·, .~:. :-·; ~· ••.• ; .. ·:~ ..... ··" ··'" ::·: ... : .. ··"· , w • • • ,: .. , ·." .:.~ ··.• • '.: .~ :·.:i '=.·· .!, .,. ",.: ~ :.~ .. ; o ': • . ~ ~· : • .,· •• • ~· ... • :. •••• ·:.o: •. •. •: ,'.".; ;! ·.: .•.',: ./ ':· ··''',I .•''''·· .•., ·. ~· ,· .'·{''·· .. .... . .. . ..... - . . ~ ........... , - .. .. . . . .•. . .. . • - • • .. ~ ·"' ·~ •••. , . : • • • •• - •• • • •• _,_,.... .-.-"' ~-- .... - ... "'.:.. _,;..,·-·'.!· .... :• •....... •' ' •• •. •..:A·•:•.;""'"."•'" •• • ·' • • • •" ·'"" ...... ;-.'o••' ......... · . . . .. ' . ..... .. . . . -· . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . ... . - ........ ·~"·' ........... -.. ·······•· ... ·.•· .... , .•. .,, ....... . •. • .• : ....... ;:~:: •: :·. ;.-;· .,::,; :; ...... ·,:0··: :. . .. ;:-:: ':_.,. ,.; :,·.;.

x Y

...... •. ,".'·•· .. ; •. ·of ... :!·._..... . ........ , .......... . •o·.···•····1·•·'···1·:'·•·· ..... •!·······•C ... ·~·. ' ••• ·~·:· • •• O:-•· •••• .-•·:: ~ ... ,: :: ~-:·:. ~ ·.:· , , ... , • 1• • , •• o• •O•" "

111 , . . .. ,.. ::o ....... ,. •. ~.·····~ ... . ··" .. ;-:···~······ .• ,O• • t• !•o' • ...... •,

Figure: 18 Largemouth H.R.#1

Bass #Z (1cm=9.7m) MA

.I

-··~ ~

,,

..

Figure: 19 Largemouth Bass #2

MAINLAND

H .R'. #1&#2 ( 1cm=29m) +=" ! ...... ' ~:--~~:...:.:....;:.~ll.....-:-----~~~::::.::....:.:.::=~-----:------~'°

·1:-·;~

·~·-- ·, ·.~ 0 . . .• • . . • -- - • . I:'>·•:.·.•.• ...... •o •• o, ._. • c.

._ ...... ~-------------------------~:;.£0;~~~~~~i·i .. · .. ' .· ·j. ~ :i • ·, • ••• ": • • ... •.' :

. : . ··: . ~· .. :: .. · .. -.·::; .. ~ ···o·.:·.-=-;.:;-.~·.·:·.: .• · • ~ •. , • • . • •• • •.'o• .. • • .. ,. ; •• · •• •.,, .. • • .·~· ! . . •-~ ::·.: ... .;,~o:·. ·:~·=·':•·~ ~ :; .• · o:,•:i•P·=·;.•.,.'•.o

••; ~~ :. :,·.~·::I: ,•.•,:.••: .. ·.·.:•::• •. '•.• ... ~:·; .• : ~··:• .. ~ ••'"" • #•. • • • • .... e: • e ,•. ••. •o' ... •• • • •O e• 0 • • .. •Q • •

0

I" 0

•• ••a·· t •• ... I

.,,,..- ·--- .•• :·.··o:•o·.;·.1 ~·~. • .·.-: 1"··.~ ,.•,._: .. ;.• .··:·:.·~· •. -. .:.;?.,• .,,,,. ..... .... • • • • • • • • • .. • • • 0 •• • • • , .. • ..... : ~ • • ' : • ~ •

0 •• 0 ' • .: ' ..... '· '· ••

.,,,..,,,..- ---- :.•;•.•.:•:'•".°::·:··.·.: .• :. ····."l·.',•,:_o·.·.~:··: •. ; .• ·!'··~:o;;.,·:-·~·· .,,,......... -- .;.· ...... ,•.,·:· ..... ·.~·.-···· 'II: •••• ••• ............. •• :·· .......... ••••

.,,,..- ---- ..•. :;•.·:···~/··'.·~·.····.·•;. ::;~·.·~;::·· •. :~·•.a:• .. ,:-·~·~·.'!':o,,"_-.; .,,,..,,,..- ----:c,:• ••." :: .;·~ ·.··~·'a·•o"•::·:.: <1.;~:1i~:··· •"o" •"'· :• •:-:·.-"·;. .. ~.·:•··• ... '!" ·-~·· •• ·.·········.····I> ................ , .......... ~.· .·.·~;·· I N !~ ••;.;.,..•·: ·': • •,:~·.0:.•'0,• .... ·.·.#·.•,•·o·,· •• · 1·,·•.o.•.:.·o:··•·":. ~ :-, .. ·• I • :.-. ~;:: :·"- ·~:. :·:~!:: •: •. ;,.: ·:. · i · . :·· · -:a·;~; ·C: ·.:c.:· :-· :·: :,. · ~ · ~ ~· ... :.::·~·

I • ,;,. ... """""'·· · ·o·"\·6·' • f), •• • ••• • ,Q: •• •• ••·. • ~•·'ia···~·? .•·.······. ~ .. , .. ~- .. ·. ... . . . .. . , ......... •. .. . ........ ·.·

I --~~ t"

1 e,:; •• ::•,:-..-;.•,o".·,o:,~ ~-·;;•·•: .... · .•. 6 :.,··.:.·,-. ~:;•,;·.o~:·o;:.

~ fi&. : •• '14".o.,·,•.•·"-'~,· .. •··o·:. •.•· ... 6 ••• o ..... ·····°'·· ·,.',·•'·, I

.•••.J ~ ···"•·• • ···" ··•• ''• .,·o.•.··• ..•. 1.•.,~,. ····•·•"' • ·.·•· WJ , c •,: • • .' o• " • ..... • • • e ,. • • • • • • I•• • • • _, • • • 0 I , I • 0 • • • • 1 ' I• I • ' { ~ · • • 0 1: •• ••• • ... , ·o~ .. · •. •-. ·.·:'·o· .·o·•·,'! .·c:..••··.· •••·'·.~··o•.

I "' _, :;;-.· .. · .. ,.· ·"· .• ·:·.~.~.·~•:• .• : .. ·.·:•·:'.·.•.•.:· . .:.•.:..·•;,.•:o •• -:···o· •. #,•.-:•

"" t':. ~ • • • • • ~ • .,. • ·•· •·o·• o · • • • o • • • '•

I I'.. "'~ f•· ..... •.' ·~··o. _. ..... ,• .•.•c ··•"·o··· ·"!>"· ·•• ·, •• • .•·••o""• 'Ui'e.: .· .. · .• ·.•. · .. '9=~. ~,·. ·.·. ·-~:.-~·~·. ~ . . ~·:'.·.·.·~;,'.!-,;~·:-.·~·:·:····:-.·~· .• ,-· \ ~ .. , ...... • • .• •• .•. , a· a•., .. o •. ·•o··•···· • • o••·•·•o··o •

.... J • •• , •••••••• •, ..,., ••• •o·'' · · · ·'·•··~~ ,·o·• .• ; .• ,· .-....· .••• ·• • •• • .. •. •·· • \ ~·J ••• o, •• • .. ·: ,· .. ·• •• o·. ··-········· .,~·.· •· .. ···.:· .o .... ; . .; ...••..•• , ... • ••• •

\ ~' ·. ·•• • •• •.o• .•• ,., • •• a· . •'• • • ·" • «:» .1 •• •o. o·•• .• •. o.•.•O• • ··'•.-.

S •.• •• •,• ••., • • • • ,:· .... ·, • • .·.~ • .. G • '·o • ~ .. ,. .· .. ,:., .· •. ·,., •. 1.• ':•'o•·o· ~ • \ 6 ... :~ · ... : .... 7 • ; ~ •• • .;.:. # :· •• ~ ·.: ~. ·: : !';. ~ ·: · •. _"1~. !':; ~:, ... • ·: .. :·.o..:·:-;:'· • .............• ·: ..

\ ~ •'.!" l.i:..J '. Q. ••••••• o • •• :. ·-· ......... •• ...... ·~ - .... ,-.o. -·Q ................... o •.. i"''"' ~ •••••••• •• •.: ~ ••• ' ' • .... # 0 •• • • • _. • • • • '. • .. • -: , • • .. 0 . ..... ~ • ... · • • • .. ·.; • • • • • • • • • •• ••

\ l· ... 1 •' • "o• • ·•·•·•·•· • ·,•••0·.·•.-·• •o .1·0•• ·•·'· ·, .. ···~·,.•,.o·

\

l.,~,1 ..,;;:.s Co··~.:;.:•: .•':.o.•.a:,:-.;-:·•:. ·'o·.~·-: •. 4!:~:.J .... . ·: •. o· •.. o: .• :·,,.·!;'!: .• .... ;, ;J I""! ~ • ,.~··• .•. ·• .•· ;• •• - •• \ :• • ·•. •· , ....... , .•• • • ·.,·1' .•.; .• :.. :"·•· ·•· •. r • ·.o •• 0 ·

\ "'-" ' " • • • • • , • •' • - .. • • a • ~. • • o • • "&Ii • • _. • • •

\ I

'

." • • • c. • • •• • • •• •. • ..... •. ·o .... ' ... • . ' ' • • ··1 ·' ... ,. •. •. - ·• • o . .,. •· • .... " £·~-'' ., 0 • • • .. • • • •• 0 ' .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • \ ·· ~ ~ '-·~··o·.·;-..:,·.·.··,':~.;:·:,·,·.;. · ·. · 00':···.•.· •• 1·•.'·~6.."··•.•.·"."'!'·:.·.:.~· ... · \

c..·.. .o. ••«a•.•.•.(\:·. . • • • ~ •Q•·' .o·'· • • .••O•j • .. ·.··,·,.·.·• •• ,·':·.· • r .. •·· .-.~ ·······"··· ,o•• ·•·•· •. · .• ·o ···-····· .e ...... ,·n·· ..•. ······.•·····

\ •e 1) €S ~ • • 0 • • •• • • • '•" • • •Q•I •• • •

1 •

1 0

I• l '~ • • • "0" • • "• ,. ... ·."·1r!'. -:· '•· .... -.•.:.:~:: .. :·· •• :::· . .':.:··~o,::;o·, · •. • 00•· 0 • 1 :~;-·.~~·::.-··o·· <·:·.·~".."':·:.';..· .•. •:-::~ :·

\ ••••• .. ;.• .. -. •"· ·!'·• .. .-•.·•0 .o•· •0 • • .••·•··· • •• ·,·.-~-·,t .. ·.•.'•·•"•• .• ... ·-_o'[f• \

• ""• •·•••• • ••'•' 11t•:.•· .• • .. •.••q•'·' •· • ,,,._ •• ·-·~· .• o., .•. o. •o" ·o • • .... _.,. , ......... o .· ·;.·,.·,- ·•· • .... •, .... , •• • ~. ,., • · •.• ·•.·.• .. • · "'· .. · ·•· . ·;• •· •. ••. '•o·. ·•. · · ·•· · ·, •,·Cl• .... • • 1 ~ • •• 7 .. ·.

\

.•;.•' "•, •o•O• •; ,"')., "\. • • •. •• ;•• • • .• •• •• • ..... 0 • • • • o. • •• • •. ·'."'"• 1.• ··a· •1( • • .o. "• • 0 ,O•• I •::.-..;·~ .• .•• : ·.-.· ..... ;.•·:o····.• •.• ;.·.:.· •. :·:~ .... ~- :·.· a·.o:·•·.•.•. ·.·:o-... .,::·· .. · .... · ....... ·. ; .• ·~·· .· •....

~1•·' o.• .. • •····. 0 ,. , •• • ••• •• •• 0 ... ·o ... ·,•q ••• •. a··· q·· ...... """·· .... }"' •· • o• -····•· •••••• -· ......... -· •·•• ............. ···'·•··~ '·•'" • .. ····' .. , •. Q., ..•.•. ,,·q • .. : ~-~.-, !'; :'G. ~-;..• ;:~· ~:-: •;•':··· ... .,. .•. ~·.: .• •;<•:• . .:: ._.· .• ·. · •.• o:·:· . ."· . ."o:-: ·.<?·.·. • ·.··)/. .. ~::·~. · •• :.•,;; :·:

~. ·.-:-.•.,•.:•,; •• ••• !,.· •• ,,':!.·:•·'.-·•·:-;...·.··,~•:Q· .. · .• ·• .• ·,«?·• ·~· •. ·~C: . . "'.·: :•·.•.·! ~/. ' ................. :,o··· ·o· .• .. "'-• ·•.o.•·· •. ·~ ... ·,·o••o":.·,···· '··~ .• o· ..... -. 0 .·o· •. ,·.~o.•· .·•.···=··-··; ..... ,·,·a ... -:.······•. •·• •• ~-·'·•·'•••:. •• ••• O.~ .• •• ·_ •• :o•; .' • ••••.• · .. ·.•.•: •. • ·~. •.····.·~···a•.•·~· ·'· • • ·,. o .•. '•

•• •:. \ !'· . •. ; •• • ~·.o, .. -.• , .• •,; :·. '.' • .·.···-•·· •·.•o·": • • •· .. '. ~ •· .. -. '. ····1"· ·-· -:~·.·.'····.·~ . • :::~·~:·~ ~-. r::-~ ·::~·;".::·:.~:;~~·;•.Yi ;:·.::;r~: :.;·:~ :o:.:.~~): f.::.~ .~ 1~·~: ;· .. !.=: ~·:·. ~~;%~:. · ·~:_.::~\:i_:·.o·-.t:.~·: ·• ~ , • ,, • ~ • • • • • .. .. '· • ' • • • .. • • • • • # • • • 0 • • qJ!' • • ., .. • • • • • • • • ..... ·•·· ~·· ~· •·••.o.·.;: ·,.i'.•·o:•o·.·~ ••. ·.·.·: ~o:,,·, .. o.·•· .-.··a.··.;,-·· • ' .• ·. ··o .. ·-·.·.•·.:••· ,".:·:·: ~· ~.•· ·.···;·-.·;.'!"•":•·:·~;·.·:.~-:.·o.-.:·;:::.:::.<i.:·.; :·;,-,:_.;:,/ ·:..:-·· ~·,.~.:;~".'.':.·:.'·'!.;:.:·

• •:•o • :.".' •• o·• ·:::: •• • ; •• •.: ·'··~···-;,'. :.•: •• • •.• • . .' : .•. ;.:.•;,,.•."o. ':. ; .• :,....~"' .: ·'···.o:o '·• . .-:.;.· •·.··~ .. o ,,; • ~ ·.~ .• ,:..·:;. \ .• •. •o·: .. : .. -.• ·.· •.. -. . .-:.ct·;·.~·;.:·: •..•.. •• ..• v-. . ·:.~;~ ....... ·:-··· .. •.a.·.-.•· .• ·~- .•.•. •·•.•• ·1 •. ;o •••••• • - .'···~;.·.·~·.···· ............. o' ... o·-·;<· .. - ........ ·: ... o:o.":. ·;.·! e• • •••. •. '. • • •· , • • •• •• • • • • .. ·• • ... • ••• •o .... ~ .•. , • ·~ o •• ._, • •.,.ca • .• •. •' . . o ..• : .. .;.,: ·.·.:~··'" ; .. · .,~::·=~ ~-".:.;:-.. ; ···::~::•: .. ~··>~ .. ; .. :.·~-:. ·.· .·•."-:····: .. :.·:~·.;:·; · .. ~-:..·.· ,.. ·:: . .:. ·'. ·.:. ·=: ... ,\": ~ :': .... ·.·-: ·:: ~· .. • ;:-:. ·.-::. o;:: _,,.·~:~:. ··=-- :· .. t •:. ·~::. ~ ;. :' ··:o: ·?°; ·• . . . . ·:.·•.··•:: • •·· .;·. · .;.":..,:.,..·.::.::--:..:...· .... · . .... · ..... ~-::"""._ ... • ··~_ ........ : .. :····~ • :- .. · Figure· 20 ·;.·: • ........ ..... ;.o:.,- • .• _ , • . .• • • •• . ...• 4 •• _;,:"::.:•::-;:;: .,··~·;c.:,.;.·.~.o ~ , · .•• •··• •'!',• •• ;..' .. ·o···· • • -. -.,· .... •· ........... ·o• .•:o. • ·, .••• ·:, •••. ~.' •., .•. ._ .•• ~ ., ..•.. ~--·· Lari.,.emou th Bass u2 •

1 •• •· , , • •

1••• • •• • • • • • • • ... • • • • •• • • • • • -:, • , c. • • • • • .. ·'! • • • • •••• ~· ••• •· • -:. • • o rt .. •··•· ...• _ .... ,.· .• -:•·:···•·•·'•'······· .. ··o·~·-~: •b ·'.,,., ..•. o ., •..•••• o •• o t""1 R -'£? (1 1 ) ""' - • "·· .•. ···- •• •· •·• .. _ ......... .... i:·.- •• Q .. • ••• • J • .,,.... cm- 1 9m o . . . . - ... _. - .

Figure: 21 Largemouth Bass #12 H.R.#1 (1cm=16.Jrn)

•• 111, .\ti •.

. ·'''·· ,,,),·, ·''''· '''··

·'"'· '·· ,,,,,,, ·''" '· ·''''·

• "ll ,. ·'" ... , .\\ .. , '''''··. ·''·

·'''''· ·""·· .\11 • • 11·

·''''

Figure: 22 Largemouth H.R. #1&#2

·''''

s

Bass #12 (1cm=48.8m) .... ~~--~~~~~~-.--~

.............. .. -: ... .... ,

···'''· ·' .•'' ••• ·''""· "'"·· ···"·· ··' • • ...... : ·''''·; ·' 111• ·''''·· '"·· ··''''·· ·'"· .• • ,\ •• ·' .t. "·······." ·'"·· ··'''· u 111. .u •. ··''·· ''"· .••• ,,. . .••. ··"· ·'"·· .... ·''''·· ,,.,,, ··'"·· ·'''· ·''''·· ,,,,, ·'"· ·'"'· .. \/, ·'"'··. ,,.. ,.,,,,, ··''·· ''''··. ·'''·· ··' •. ·' "· ·'''·· ,.,,·· •. '''· '''· .•"'''• •• ·''"· ·''"'•. ·'""· ''~'•. ·'''''• ,,·,,,·,'.''· ·'""· ,,\It, \I ··'"'·· .tU, ,.1\11 ,\la,· •'"''· ,.,.\/,, ·~: UI. ,,\\/, •. ••· ,,)t,;' '· ''"'•· .\11, ,1ll1. ,\\/,,~·••I. ''''·

.•"·· ,11. •'"" ·•"·· ·• "• ''I. "" • . •"-. . •' "• ""., . ,,11._ ""''· ,\II,• _., 11, .. \I, • ·"""· •I.. ·'"'· •'" '•. ·"·· ""· .11. •'"'-. ... 11.. \\/,_ •'II'. '\\I;._ ""··

·'" . • ..... . . .... .. . ·" 1... . '11

• . •• .... .11: :"'' · · '''· ·••:.. ""'·. ·'' ''· . ''· ·"'· ·""·· ''"· ·"'·· ....... , II/, .• 1.. . '"' ...... •'"· ..... '"'·· "'''··

··•''''· ·,'''''· ·''"'· .•' . ,\\I, ,.\#,, ,\U, ,,tl1. ·''"·· ·'"· ·''''· II . -'"'· . ,,\t,. _,,,·\/,. ~~.. _,·,,... ··'''''· . ·''~':.·'.'·· ,\U,, .\ .. , ,,\1. ,·\I,. ,,\111. ,\11. .\\ti,_ . • ·,11 •• ·' 1"· \I ,\\Ii, ,ill", .

0

If ''''' ·' •. II .•\I, _,\f 1•. • \I

\I ,\I,. ,\\Hi,,, •' "· . ..\I.. .•\f1. • '· • • ,\a/ ·' "· ' ,..\Ii.. ,\

0

,\\I, ··'"'· ,,\\/,.. .\\II.. ,\\/, ''"'· ,,\,,. ··•'"'• .. ' '•

.,,,, .•' '·· , 11 •• \I, '''" ··"'·· ·'"" " ,,,\U,, ,\11 • \I '''''·· ·'"'· • • \ ··'11• \l/ ''11

'· U . ·'''''· •''''·· • '"'' '' 1111 \\/1 \\\11 _. '· •\\\/;, ,•' '• ' • .\ 1.. ,.\I,. ,,,\11,, •''"• u .. ·' /,• • .\\ I,. ·'''' \ • ,\II.. \\ft ,\\/, '• ,I

. . . . '''''· ··'''· ·'''" ''''·· ·'''·· ··'''·· ··'"''· ''"' ,,,, , ,, '"' ,, ,1t/ • I ·'''·· .·•"··· ,11U1, '• ,,u,, · • •II.. ,,11,. -.·.:, .•• •. -•• • •, .: _ • •• •• •• • • '· • '· ··'''· .1\ ''· " .. • ,, -

··''''·· _,,,, ··'''· "'"'· ·' .. ·"'"'· ··''·· ··'''·· .. \ ·'"'·· ·'''· ·'"·· ·'"· ,, ·. ,u,, ·'"'' .•••• ~ ......... . ·'''·· ·''

1''· •• u.. ,\\I,. ,iHI,. ,111. ·'"'· ,.,\1.. · ,1111, ,a/, .. ·-"·. I ~ "!,,. • ,. :ci_ ·--:.:.·. •.•,·.~· ·'''···''''· ti/,,······:··~.-.·.::,.•.

·'"· ''''· ··'''" ''''· '''· ·''"' ·"· " .-"" '•. ·''·· .... ''· . ·"· ·'"'· J. ·'"'· ·'"' ·''"~ ,\\11,, .,,,, ...... . ... ,,_..,. ··"~

,,

.u .. ·"'· ..... ·'"· ··'''· •''' ....... "''' ...... '''•

·'"'· ·'''·

,,\I,. ,q/, \I \It ,.\II, .\\II,. \Ui, ,,\II,, • • • •,o '• • - • G • • • • ·'"'·· . .• .. • •. ,,111,, ·'' ·'''·· ··'''·· . .·'"'· ..•• , • ~.. •• • •• •• • : ........ ·~ ••

·'"'·· ,,\/,, ,,\I, '''· ·''''·· ,,,,._ ••• ,... ·'''· ··'''· '"'· • ; ~ •• -. ........ ·.:. ••• • - ••• ... •' ,\'''· \I. ·'''" \ • ' •••• 0 ........... ··' •• •

''''· .•''''·.·· '.·.\/,·,''' ·'"'· ·'''· ''"·· ·'''''· :,,11.. ,\It. . ,, ·' ;-• ::• .•: '· • -, •' • ~. • "• ·o:·: .P.• •• .. 11... ··'"'·· ·''"'·· ''":•.:·~:.·.-··.0; ~ .. .;~ •• -..-=·:G:·!.:.·

" ,,,,_ ··'"'· .11... ·''''· ·'"' •••• •• , ......... , • ::a~. 0 •• •• •••••

·' '· ·'''''· •• 11. ...... ··' :.,11,, ·"'·· ·'"'·. 11 • 'l • ·~· •" • o··· · • · · • •: • · 0 ,, ·. . . . : . • .. :' .. -. :. .. ~ : :· ·. · ... · ...... ''''· ·'' 1'·· ·''''·· ·'''"· .. \ti.: :.••&.'. .. •'"''•. 'l'";"'.:a·· '·o·: :'• •· •: •, ·· ... ~,,, •: ·•'

,\\I, ·'''· ·"'\/,, ··'"·· ·''''· ,\11 •' • • ·•· • •' • ,.o,.o •.••c;.. \ ~ , . ·'''· ·'''· '''· · .. ,I.. .. • ... .,_. ·'· ·•.· ! ..... ·o···•.· .... : •·. • • "''• ,•U.. "'"' ,\I •.. ••~I._ ·'"''· ,\11. .:\I, .• •::··~:::···~·=· .•.-.·.!:•.~,·a :·o·:::. ~

,, ,,l!,, ··''·· .. •·''"· ·'"'· •. ~\l.·•.o. '• ., ...... · .• .. ;,_, ·-·: •: :--:. ,·0.·" • . •• ·'''"· 0 • •• ·-:. ,, ''· .•' ''·· . ,,11,, ,,.,, ,\'(.···. ·:;,:,· ... ~ •• •• '· ':-· ••• :.· ·.··: ·: ·::' .,,\/.. . •• • • .. •. · ·,.••••.•,-,a• •, 4 •.o• 1 •

• ''''· ·''''"· ,\f. ,,,,_ ·'"" • • •••• •·.i: ..... ·,. ~ ............... -. 0.

. I ,,1/1, ·' .. ., • •o •, '• p •' • • • • •<I.' I ,. • • • • ... •.• .•

·'''·· ·' '· ··''''·· "'''' ·e:. · • .•.. , . .: · ~·. ·., .... :· .• •· c:>. ·.•o· • .. \I, .,\II, · '°" , • •, • •, • • ·•O I• • • .o. •• • • • • • t 0 • . ''·· '.. . . . ··'"· ,, ~ .. ''"· . • ........ o., .• ; •• ·o.• .• , ... ·• •··o .. ; •..

, 1\/, ·'' ''· '''·· .,,\/1. •· ··"·· '~: ~··:-. ~ • ....... ~·,:·,·.o.·1• 0 ··•,':·.,_: •• ·.•··'· ''''· ··''''· ·•1!t\f1. ·'''• ··''''·~ • t. • • ." ·, O.• .,...· •• •. -~'"'~O ! I•• •a••~• • . II.

'' ' '1 •• 0 ·" • •. '· . •• • • • .. • • • • • • •• • t\1.. .-''''•. \\I, .,\111,:• " •• ~,, ,\\/. ''''· •.•,:.·~ •• ·"'. ; •• ·•: .0,·· '.•••. :C\':: •. • ':

•"''· •'"'·. ·''' ·'''" ., .. ,,, ,,_ •' · •• ~.o :•.o ~ · :.-. •"."!: • ··:•'.tt··:.~ •. ·.o.;.,. ·'''· ...... ·"· ··''''·· .•\'''·· ,,,11,-_·,:-:. ·:. ·! .9·~ ·'·'· .:.•.o• •·o·.: •

·'•'· ·'''-. ·'"'· .d1 . • .·,f:;!1.•·:::.·ca:::; ~ ·.·:~ :: l .#·. ··.::: ··.:::"· ··:· ..... ::··· .:::;, .... ··'"'· ...... ·'''" ···'''· :.:t:-·:-t.-.;:: :~:· ~:~ .:.:~·~::~ ...

·''" ·•''''· ·'''· ·''' ,.,.. ·:..•·.o·.·~·.•.:,o :.•' 1

·'''· ,.111. • • •· • 0 • • ... 0

·•

'!'· .. •• 11 ·'''· •''''· .• 111,, ,, ...... ~ • .... -. -..·.:-~.:_;

,\I. .... ·'"·· ·''· ·''· ·'''' •' ' ''1'"' ··'''· ,111!':: •

Figure: 2) Largemouth Bass #12 H.R. #2 (1cm=16.7m)

,1111.. ··"· ··'''· '"''" ·'''' ·''''' ,,11. ·'''' ·'"'· ., .. '''· u.

·''' ·'''··

'''·· ·'"·

~'"'·· ~'''··

. .... ... ,, _,,,,

.·''··

...... ·'"'

''''· ·'''· ·'''·

··'''··

... ,,

...

54

BLUEGILL HOME-RANGE RESULTS

Nine Bluegills were studied to determine their home

range and primary home

namely, Bluegill #3, 114,

range areas. Five of these fish

118, 119 and #10 each exhibited one

home range and one primary home range area. Three other

fish, Bluegill 116, 117 and 118 each exhibited a home range

where the primary home range was of the same area. One

other fish, Bluegill Ill established two home range areas.

The first bluegill that established one home range and

one primary home range was Bluegill #3. Bluegill 113 estab-

lished a home range that measured 0.48 hectares. This area

was set up two days after the fish was released, 713 meters

west southwest. This home range ran along stations K to L

and at its furthest point from shore extended 121 meters

outward. Bluegill #3's home range was entirely composed of

sand (Figure 24).

Bluegill 113 established a primary home range that

measured 0.23 hectares. This area encompassed the norhtern

and center sections of the home range and was composed

entirely of sand. The majority of triangulation on five

minute data indicated this fish within the northern section

of the home range.

Bluegill 114 established a home range that measured

0.72 hectares. This area was located along stations A to B

and, at its farthest point from shore extended outward 213

meters. This home range was set up in the same area that

the fish was caught and released (Figure 25).

55

Bluegill #4's home range encompassed a number of

different habitats. The inshore section of the home range

consisted of light weed bed #4, part of light weed bed #3

and the sand that surrounded and separated these areas. The

outer section of the home range consisted of part of the

heavy horseshoe shaped weed bed, heavy weed bed #3 and much

of the offshore light weeds. This fish utilized ecotones

extensively. Ecotone utilization was between light weed­

heavy weeds and light weed-sand.

Bluegill #4 established

measured 0.18 hectares. This

a primary home

area of primary

range that

utilization

excluded the eastern and western most section of the home

range. Within this area three different habitats were found

namely the offshore light weeds,

sand that separated these two

tracked locations indicated this

light weed bed and its ecotone.

light weed bed #4 and the

areas. The majority of

fish within the inshore

A number of other tracked

locations indicated the fish within the outer light weeds.

The sand that separated the inner and outer light weeds was

only utilized by the fish as the fish moved from one weed

bed to another.

Island Bluegill #8 established a home range that meas-

ured 0.74 hectares. This area was set up 140 meters south

southeast from the area the fish was caught and released

(Figure 26). This home range was composed entirely of off­

shore light weeds and sections of the heavy horseshoe shaped

weed bed. The edge of the heavy hedgerow weed bed was also

56 found within this area.

Island Bluegill 118 established a primary home range

that measured 0.52 hectares. This area encompassed the

southern most section of the home range and was composed of

the offshore light weeds and sections of the heavy horseshoe

shaped weed bed. No one particular habitat of this primary

home range was utilized more extensively.

Island Bluegill 119 established a home range that meas­

ured 0.61 hectares and was set up in the same area the fish

was caught and released. This area was located off the

southwest shore of the island along stations IY to IZ. At

its farthest point from shore this home range extended out­

ward 287 meters. This area consisted of the offshore island

light weeds, island heavy weed bed 113, a sandy inshore sec­

tion and a section of open water. Ecotones of heavy weed­

open water, light weed-open water and light weed-sand were

predominant in the home range (Figure 27).

Island Bluegill 119 estabilshed a primary home range

that measured 0.27 hecatres. This area excluded the eastern

and western most ends of the home range and was composed of

the island offshore light weeds. Again no one particular

area of this primary home range was utilized more exten­

sively.

Island Bluegill #10 established a home range area that

measureed 0.18 hectares. This area was set up 159 meters

southeast from the area the fish was released. This home

range was located off the southeast edge of the island and

S7

included only a few habitats (Figure 28). The southern sec-

·tion of the home range contained the offshore island light

weeds while the northern section contained the edge of the

heavy hedgerow weed bed.

Island Bluegill 1110 established a primary home range

area that measured 0.11 hectares. This area encompassed the

northern section of the home range and consisted of light

weeds and a small section of the heavy hedgerow weed bed.

The majority of data points indicated this fish within this

light weed bed area. A few days of resectioning data indi­

cated the fish within the heavy hedgerow weed bed and along

the edge.

In determining the home range areas for bluegills it

was noted that three of the fish established a home range

and primary home range of equal areas. These fish utilized

their entire home range areas equally, as no one data point

indicated the fish more than 60.69 meters or 200 feet from

any·other data point. Therefore these primary home ranges

were recorded as having the' same area as their home range.

These fish were Island Bluegill #S, #6 and #7.

Island Bluegill #S's home range and primary home range

was found to measure 0.20 hectares. This area was set up

488 meters south southwest from the fish's point of release

two days earlier. This home range area ran along stations N

to O and at its furthest point from shore extended outward

110 meters (Figure 29).

Island Bluegill #S's home range and primary home range

58

contained part of heavy weed bed #1 and the sand that sur-

rounded this area. The edge of the transition between sand

and open water was also included. The majority of locations

indicate this fish over sand.

Bluegill #6 established a home range and primary home

range that measured 0.39 hectares. This area extended along

stations Z to B and at its furthest point from shore

extended 120 meters outward. The home range was established

in the same area the fish was caught and released (Figure

30).

Bluegill #6's home range and primary home range con­

sisted of light weed bed #3 and 114 and the sand that sur-

rounded these two areas. The outer section of this area

consisted of part of heavy weed bed #3 and the offshore

light weeds. Ecotones were

home range area. This was

between light weeds and sand.

also prom! nen t

exhibited as

throughout the

the transition

The majority of locations indicate the fish in and

around the inshore light weeds. A few locations also indi­

c at e d the f i sh w i thin the outer 1 i g ht weed bed • Fr om f iv e

minute data plottings the sandy area between these light

weed beds appear only to be utilized by the fish as a means

of getting from one weed bed to another. Not once during

the course of the study was Bluegill #6 shown to spend more

than five minutes solely over sand.

Bluegill #7's home range and primary home range areas

were found to measure 0.20 hectares. This area was estab-

59

lished along stations A to B and at its furtherst point from

shore extended 116 meters outward. This home range was

established in the same area the fish was caught and

released (Figure 31).

Bluegill #7's home range and primary home range con-

sisted of light weed bed #4, the sand that surrounded the

area, the offshore light weeds and part of heavy weed bed

#3. Ecotones were prominent throughout this area as exhib-

ited by the transition between light weeds and sand and

heavy weeds and light weeds.

The majority of data points indicated the fish within

the inner and outer light weeds and the sand that separated

these areas. The ecotone of the light weeds-sand was also

heavily utilized by the fish. Again the sandy area in this

home range only appeared to be utilized as the fish moved

along the edge of the light weeds or traveled from one weed

bed to another.

Bluegi 11 Ill was the only bluegi 11 in the study to

establish two home range areas. Home range #1 was found to

measure 0.75 hectares. This area was set up along stations

Y to A and at its farthest point from shore extended outward

122 meters. This home range was set up near the area where

the fish was caught and released (Figure 32).

Bluegill #l's home range #1 was composed of an inshore

sandy area and an offshore weedy area. The inshore section

of this home range was composed of part of light weed bed 13

and sand. The outer section was composed of part of the

60 ~-

heavy horseshoe shaped weed bed and offshore light weeds.

The edge effect was predominant in these areas.

Bluegill Ill established a primary home range within

home range #1 that measured 0.60 hectares. This area elimi-

nated part of the inshore sandy area. The majority of data

locations indicate the fish within the outer weed beds.

Bluegill #1 remained in this first home range for two

weeks after release. One week after leaving home range #1,

Bluegill Ill established its second home range 171 meters

east. Here the fish remained for the duration of the trans-

mitter"'s life.

Home range #2 was found to measure 0 .15 hectares.

This area was located along stations E to F and at its far-

thest point from shore extended outward 73 meters. This

home range was composed of light weed bed 116 and the sand

that surrounded this weed bed forming the light weed-sand

ecotone. No one particular area or habitat was utilized

extensively by Bluegill #1.

Bluegill #1 did not establish a separate primary home

range area. This was due to the fact that only a week's

worth of data was collected before transmission was lost.

Therefore Bluegill #l's primary home range was recorded as

having the same area as the home range.

Bluegill Home Range Statistics

Linear correlations were performed on the home range

and primary home range areas of bluegills. The correlations

61

correlated these areas with the number of days the fish were

tracked and the size of the fish. Data for all correlations

were handled in the same manner as previous tests.

A correlation coefficient was calculated between the

area of the bluegill's home range and the number of days

each fish was tracked. The null hypothesis stated that there

is no correlation between the area of the home range and the

number of t racke'd days. The null hypothesis was accepted;

r=-0.06; (p)0.05). This result was expected, as each blue-

gill was determined to have been tracked enough times to

reveal an accurate home range area.

The second correlation coefficient calculated was

between the area of the primary home range and the number of

days tracked for each fish. The null hypothesis stated that

there is no correlation between the area of the primary home

range and the number of tracked days. This null hypothesis

was accepted; r=-0.01; (p)0.05). The result was expected,

as each bluegill was tracked enough times to reveal an accu-

rate primary home range area.

The third correlation correlated the home range area

versus the size of the fish. This null hypothesis stated

that there is no correlation between the home range area and

the size of the bluegills. This null hypothesis was

re j e ct e d ; r • -0 • 6 8 ; ( p < 0 • 0 5 ) • A significant negative corre-

lation was obtained indicating an inverse relationship. The

result that larger fish are able to utilize a smaller area

than smaller bluegills may possibly be due to larger blue-

gills establishing a social dominance.

62

If this is true,

then larger bluegills may efficiently utilize a smaller area

than smaller fish.

It can also be noted that it is the larger bluegills

that establish a home range and primary home range of the

same area. This again can illustrate that the large blue-

gills are able to utilize a smaller area.

The fourth correlation coefficient calculated was

between the size of the bluegills versus their primary home

range areas. The null hypothesis stated that there was no

correlation between the size of the fish and the area of

their primary home ranges; r=0.19; (p)0.05). All bluegills

regardless of size were determined to utilize nearly identi­

cal primary home range areas.

63

TABLE 5

BLUEGILL HOME RANGE AND PRIMARY HOME RANGE RESULTS

f !' ' PRIMARY r HOME ~

BLUEGILL RANGE HOME RANGE SIZE DATES ' L II (hectares) <hectares) (cm) TRACKED ,.

1 HR/11 0.75 PHRlll 0.60 17.8 6-17-80 6-28-80

HR/12 0.15 PHR/12 0.15 7-12-80 7-22-80

3 0.48 0.23 17.0 6-24-80 7-6-80

4 0.72 0.18 15.5 7-8-80 7-22-80

5 0.20 0.20 17.0 7-11-80 7-27-80

6 0.39 0.39 18.0 8-14-80 9-5-80

7 0.20 0.20 19.0 9-14-80 10-11-80

I8 0.74 0.52 16.1 10-5-80 11-7-80

I9 0.61 0.27 17.0 5-3-81 5-26-81

IlO 0.18 0.11 19.0 5-2 8-81 7-2-81

64

LEGEND EOR BLUEGILL ILLUSTRATIONS

Heavy Weeds

Light Weeds

Sand

Open Water

Home Range Line

---------- Primary Home Range Line

Shoreline

Island or Mainland as Indicated

. • • • • . • • ,. • -o ....... ~. ·c.·· : ·••• : ... ~.·"!·.~.' ·•·.·.··~:··.··;·-· .. : ; . • v. • • . • •• v. - • ..: •• - ··.o, ..•. , , .• -.; ~ :·. ·.·: .·.·: :~.·· ~:-'o• · •.• . . •·.:. ". :•. ~"' • ·;-:.•. ~ ': .•C,·,.' .•.•.o; •. , .:'".; ~

0 .•:.

• • . • • • • • ~ • •. • •••. • • •• ·, • • • • • • ,., • ~ • : : • ... • ·, • • • •' •; • o • o" • • •· • • ·o • • • •: '.o • : • • • c,., •.' • p • • ... • • .o. '· •; •• "o.• • • ,.. • •• •·.• • •.: • : • • .• .•.,; •• 0 • .-·.

0

·- .,.~.: •• ~· , :• • .- ;. o.• ,·o·· _.. 0·.·.o·.· ,·,: •.: •. ,; ·• • o..· .•.:•·co.'·;; : . : .••. ~ o.· • • _-.-:-:"' • ••• .~;, -~ •• • •• :, ·.;>·.~: ~·· ·-. ~ .. •:; ·: i ·O.",•o, .• • :·.

0 .:_.· •••• '."c ·:! ·:·: .,., . ;, ·: ~-: '' i · .. :; ;/.: ;«.-:: ;": .: :-::;. ;_; ··.; >: ~ .• -<:; ·::.; _;, ·. :··::. ; :. •. ,, ••• -.. ~-"' ..:-~. ;- '. ':·:. ~ <; • ·;~.: :· •.• ·:::: ': •. ,. ' •• ~·- '. ;:. '-<~ ~ .: •. , .. ":; :::.'[! t:;; -;~ ::; ···o.-..-.:.:.· ... •;,:-.·;,·,.· ... :.o.•.o:·.·.•·."...,,':_ •. ,: .·, . .: . .•.•. ,· •. '.·."• ·• ....... ~. :'o -.:·;::.· •.• ~."\~,· •:'~·~···.o .• ~·.·~;·:.;':·•,;,·~.·.; .•. ~:-o.·••.·•':.: ~.--.• ~;

.':: .•.•;·. • .;"":· ·.··•. ;.:.: ~:-.· .o:,:·. ::.·"J.;o:~.~ ~ • ; .. ·, .··o··· :o••"o • • -..f!""·~'.'•;.'.":.•: · .. · ...... Q• • ." •• ·,o:.'o_,. o., •.,-.,.-o.,· •. '.,":·.:o::.~· · .. , :-?:•.o:• .·.•·.~~ ···:•".o:•".',~,.-.o .• • . ." ·.o.·. ·~···.; .... ,·.··.•"!".".·-.; .. ~ .... · .. ·•·.· .o, ·••. '••·' . -~·. ""'°:• ·,·.·· •• ,;."."!.·.-·.~ ·.11:, :.•.'1 ; •• ;.• •• .; .··.··•.;..1,;.f .;.o·,.~·;.·!.o·~· ... 11., ••• •. ••· "."•.•" ~.:-" ,.' •·• · '· ·-: •· -:.·,:•." .•:. ~ :• • ·.; ·•·. :.:.·:o·.•·:.~.:.:;, .' · · .• •• •. ·-..,.~~: . .- • = ;:.·: ··· :.·:····. •: ·. :•: ·. ·~ ··, •; :; •>.· !"/, ~· ·,. :~··· • .;·:·._ •":- ·:- p}:~·:: ;.· ~·.:, ·~··:.:::..;; :; -:. :·:~ :: ~· .•· ... c · ..... .'~ •. , •• ; •. o· •.. ;,.~··.o.:?;1·~··.·:-··.:.·•· • ·..,1~-:"-·.·._.;·,•••·.::.;·~···~··o·•o•·:· •• o ~1.;4;"··;/" ••"o".·•. -.•·-:.·, ........ ~·1 .. 1 ... ·.~·:D·.1••0 ;·•,t.;4.l>•;·•.;•o.• >.:.·,·-:•.o.•.:.:

0.• .. ,:-: ~ :,·.··.•"• ·• ... ·-"".':"°70 ~.C.;'!'"...•._.,~::.;:;:.::•.\·:·.:·.:;..;.".· .. · ·;.·.;-.;· l· -~·····~·•: •. o: •.• ;,.~ o.":?;!·~·.·.·:-··.":O:.~', ···~;-.;•;·~ ·.·:·: !

•".,0 ••

0., .... , .. ••·."'.,.o·•·Q .,.• ... ~•.,.•·'·.···· •.o; • ... • •. 0 • ·• •· •• •• <>, ••• o• •. 4 • ,• , •• ,., •.o.• • .,·

0 •••• ,. • • •• ••·• ·• • .; ..... •·.o ••••••. ~o: •• •, ~-

• ·,•·•,·• ........ -~-a· •. o···.·.,. .. .: ...... ·~o·.o•,•:.••o·o~, .~· ... ·ti)·•. ··~···0·1·· •• -:Q:-·."J "·.!•••·4! •. ' .... !~.,~ ·-·~·· ·..,.•. ,·o•·•· ••. ~: •. ·:·•• .•.• • 0

• • • • 0 I• ._Jj---Vd , o .v I • t • •I, 1 • • • • :--.. .... • • • • O• • • • • • 9•• .. 1 .,. • • I • '• ···o· ...... ··~-~ ~-_.- .••.•. :•.• ·:·.: •.• ~.;o .............. • .. o···. "'- .••. •-.: '· .. ;,:,,:...·· .. ·• •• ••.••• ··1 .• ..• 0. ·a.·. . . ·p, •'o' ··~ .... .-.. o•. •.; ·-··. ; / ·:.· .J :· • ·c:.: .•.,· .• ! ?' :, · · . .,_;.,.,~; '0·~ • ":.• o.": ·: • ·-· .;; · .. ·• ·• :.', ;;;...;• ··~ .' ·:. ;°. ·~.',· ' ....... : ':o • o.';. •.• • .."a"l .. ·o • ·c.···· :·: ." · • ~ • ." . ~ ;.'-:·~·.:.·~:.·.:. · ;:.- ••.:.•·•.a:.:,~:•:.:•. ·::~.; .:. :.·~· •. . . :."\ ·c. ~ ·~ :; r .P;.:. ... : ... ~ .• ..• •· ·.-;.:: .o. ~~ ::: : _. .. ~·.-: :- .•. , o. •• -. :-· .-· • • -::-~·:... • .... ··a:•:· .. · : ·~ .· ~~ ::: : .-.. · .;.-: :-. ,., . •. -. ~· .... ::. ; . ''? .·:. :: • • : ... :. ·,;· . ·.:; .... _; ·.~:"-'·; .. ·'· '?• ...... ;.o: ., • :· '!• :•. • .·.':~.···' ,·o•.J .••. ·•.-:· • •o•,: • .• · • •·• 7 ·it.-·~-,"•/ . • !,·•·'··•· • ....... "'.':• .'o•• • •. • • • ". •: • • .•• -: • •··· •• • 0 1· • • ·o· \~. ·-' ,• •o• • •#.·o • •• o,··o•• •• • ., .. :/.·•· .•• .,, • • ·•· •o· "o•.• •. •<;> ~ o••. • • •,• •"o• ·•· .,, ••• •

0

.;o•.• •• • .,·• • •• • •• •.'• •. ~,l•"o • • "• • • • • o ·~ ·~ • <J••.••,• •••co••.• • .. ~ .•. •"• •'"• • o •"O • • :-. •"•' •••• •o••.• .. •• .. ~ •"• • o .... • ••It I• ·~· ... , .... ··~·:·o"·;":··•. ·•:•I·'"••.;;:··~·,; ............ ,:, .•. .;~ o"j; •. 0 ,.•.:·--·.•.••.••1 ·,·,, ........ · o,.o.• . .;~.?·:•.o .. •.:· ·.•.·•."•, ·.·•·• ···"."•'••• ..•. ~ .. '·.'.· ..... ·.,. ··. ~-· .. ~-·_, ·.; ;~- t '·~ ·'. -;: ·: :.: .. ,;. :. .: .• ·.:"' .-:!: -.·:•' :· •. • •. ~---= ~: .. ·:·;. _. .'; .. • .: .. ,;. :..: .• ... ; .-:..-: ~··:·· .. -.-~--·: ~: .. ·.'. .... ,;._.,._~·· •· •. •·.; 1·0.••·•· ~-··\·.o··o .. • ... :·. •···•• ··· •i·Q • • ·~, • •• •• ·-·'•.· • ._•#o·· •• •• • ·•• ·.••. 1·1tt. •"-i.# ·5·· ·#·'•.· ... •#o• : ...... . ·, • • :.. • •••. ., . • • .. • . • • • •• • ' • ':' - • ••• •o • •••• • .,. • •• • • • • • •. • • • •: • • o• • • Q • \ o • • • ~ • • •. "• • •• •. o • .'ll. • • • • • • • • • • • • o· • • Q • \ o • ' • • ' • • •

• 0 • • • I•." • 1 • •ti' • ••I"'' • • • • • I '• • • •• • ,,., •I • ' • o• • • • • • o • • • • • • •• I "I •I • • • • • • • o 'o •• •o • ..... :.•·::o·•.·•;• . •. • .• ,. •o·,0

.".'":·•";•.':.:.:, •• ··~ • •• ·~- •• :, v·.·.~ ••.•. •.•.•·'~;• .• ···a.,, .• .:, •;: ~ ··.·~·.:•,.', v·.0.~ ••••• ·.•. ••' ~; •:.·.·,. .·.•.•,

1:• :·.~:.. !;·.; ~ t..·. C: • •• :.o, ~; ·~ ·. :~· ;,: ". ~-~ ·.;:; 'o!}:;;0 '-:°,·I •. •~:: ; : •. '.o ."•.'."'·· ~·.'· i.;,; o. < -..·: : .;_;; ':.-:, :•:o '-:°,··· •. ·~:.:;::. '.o ."•.a.·• •. ~·.'· i.;,; o. < ~· ,;;;.: · o. • •• • ••••• ,. "'-•O·'•'•o· •• , · ••• .. • • (•"• •. •··· •.· .. ·.o· · • ,· ': • · ···. • • ................. ·.o· • .. •• •• .··.···~··;•;,.·'·•o .•· •. -.o~ .. ·.·.····.~·o;• •.'•· .•. •.•.•:; •·•·o .•. • •. •;.~•."··· ···~'·' .. o·,, ·,,.•.'•· ...... •.•.;, •••. o.,.· •. •;.~•.•· • .·.·•.•.".o·,,·.o·;, ; ·-. · •. ; : ~-•. ~. • ': • • •. ';,~:: ~'-·; ~::; •. • ..... ' :o:·"':.:.·.·.0 ;"1,·.·! ".' :·.· ·. •: ·.·:. _; :. ~ •.",- .•·": 1 •• ··' : ":o: ;"':.:··r:'·0 ,"a""! ".' :•,· ·• •: • .":. ; :. ~ •.",•'.•·": ,'. • •': • >" •• • -~ ., • 0 • •:• •:; . · • : ~ o~ • : •• , •• ;'O• •• : • ·, •.: ~ ,'J :·•. ~ ;-.. : , .o . •. •• ·,., • ,.o .... :o.•: ! 0 • .•·. , • • ••• • •• •• •., ~, •. :· •. ~ ;-.. : , .o • • .•• ·,. • •• ,.o .•. :o··:!

0

• •.•·. • •" • • • • ".. o "•, • ·' o • • ,o, '.o "'I •• • ." • 0 • •A' • • • • •• • • 0

•.' • ' •• •• • " • •'• • • • .o: • • • • • • •• - • "." • ' • • •• • • ,. •• .•. ·•· •..•...• o.' .·• · .• ··~.·.··.·······.: ·.·.-t.1~•· ·•·•· •.••.. :•.,:": · .. , ..•. • .·.·.· ···.: .. ·oi.. ~·; .o .......... :• :"~ • •• , •••••• ·'·· . .. •• •• .... . •. •• • . . • . ·• ~ • 0 •. ""· • ·• ' •• 0 • ~ • • • • • .. •1:. ;' .... • • • ..... •. 0. • • • - ... \ •• 0 • , •• 0 ...... ~ ............ ; • ... • • • • .. • • • 0. ·' •• - "". \ •• 0: ~ •'. ·::. .• · .•. ·,.·.•·•, ..• :..·.,~ .. ·.•• . . •,.,• •• ·•· • .1~.• •. ;v.•.··o·-·•.•0 ;• ••• •. •··•·•······'.' ····' ••• ·o.•.··o···•.•0

••., "· •• •. • •• ; • • • • • •

0

• • •• • • .o •• • •• ::-·. • ; •. • c. • ••• • ··I .o :.. • .•. • : • • •. • ~ .:. • ••. • • : • • • • • • •• • •• c. • •• • •• • .a :.. •• •• • : • • •. • ~ .:. • ••• • •. : • • .. ••• •. • • • •: .•: ;.:. ~.·.":·; ~··, ·.:

0

••• • ., • :·:· ·:· ·>..··: • :·.~ •• •;-:..: ·':· ·i-.; •• · : •o = .. • .~ •. ; : ~ ·.o •• •:. '". ~·~ ,,.·:.:; • ,: • •• •;-:. .. •0; • •• ; • .- -:"•o = .. ·.~ •. ; : ~ ·.o •• '." .. •. ~·': :,• •• ·.• • ·o· .·.· .... ;,.o. • , ~ ,·o·,a:•.· •O\.•·o· •· ·c:a·.• • )~· ·•.• ••• ~· • • • o,. •·- .·,• .. • • • • •., .o .. .., •.• • •G• ·•.• •• •• •. • • • o • ··- .·,· • ., • .11, • . · .•. •.·:~.'ll ':,·o· . .;. ··.·.~··~.,· ·:.'•·.·.·~:·;:·~·. ~":.": :~·o·•·,C.":.•·.,.·; ·•.·. 0·.:·.···.·.·.·~;•.;:·~·. ~":.": :~·.o·•·,'C.":.•·.,.·~ ... ·,.· .: ... : :..

0

./;;.

0

•.

0•".•. · ··.;.• •• .•

0

.• •• •• ;•.;.•o :: :1,,; ::•"."o •·1.00. ,. :· .. : ••• ;._ ·: :-:.·.- ... ·! •.•• ;•.·.o :: :,";,;: :•"."o •• 1

.01 • .,. :·.: ••• : ... ·: •• ; :-:: •

: '!'". ~·. = · .0

·• ·: .,·: ." •" • , ~· ."• ·,:,: .... )·,.:. ·.: •• •."/ ••• p:: ·•: o., • ~· ~ ."'· ,. :·o:, :· .• : ~. ·, • .• ~ 0·.:o. • ;., •• .; •. •. p: • ·•: o.,. ~· ~ .o. , ... o:, :· ... :.: ~. ·,· .o •. '.o···•·0 ~·o·'·a ·.,o · ••. ••:'\.• •.••q'J .. •.•. • .. •.·•.'.;·.•·b .•. ·•·•.• .•

0 ........... •.•·q .•. • .•. '• .••• · •. •· ... ••o· .•. , .•. , •

·•• • .. • •'"• •• • •• ••0

• '·· • .: • •• : •. o.\•.• •".• •· •. •· o•., ..... ,• . .'· . . .... ,·, .. ·., ... . : •".•• ,• •. •· a••, ..•. o. ,• . ."· ·,· .. ·.· ·•· •·.:.·· ·0·

1

•• •• • •• •• • :•.· •• •. •• •• •• ···/•,• •• •·.· v·.o:•'.• '· · ·.•.·0 ."".···•.··.•·'· ·.••.•.-. ••••• 0 ,. •·,· o·.o:·'.•" · ·· ..

0.·:".•.

0

• • ...... •,.,•,.o~• ... •.·· ·•·•· •.o: ·· \•o• • ·.·• • ... , .o ·.;.Cl, •.. •" ..... .,.,·.• .. ,0

•0

••• •'·.·. • ••• , .o ··.o.,-,.:-1

• •• • • .• ...... o. • .0 •••• •I>• ••·""··a.· . .,o .. •.o•·o·' ~ • .. 0 • • • .o ... • .... ll>'• •••• o •• ...... .,.• • • •• ~ .•...

0

•• • • • • •• • ~. : •• ·'···. 0 •••••••• ~ • •••. ,. • : ; • •.. •• • • .. • • • .. • •• • • :- ••••• -·~ ••• ••••• • ••• : ; • ••• •• • • ••••• 0 ••••• ···- ••••

' :'. ·.•. • ?:: • •. • •, ... • : ~ ·.'-. 0

0•' ;. :~. • • • "c;i ." •• ,. :/: •.': • •• , ... ._•·;.; • ~-, •• • :·• '. • • • ;~·.', •• ~ ~:;. ·~ • :•. ;: • •"'!:•: ·: •.': • •• ,"'···'·0. ;: 0•

1

:. :·•: • • .- : • ";~·.' •• ~ : ~ ~,·, ... :o. ·~,·o.•·•. ·:·:.•.··;:·A~ .· . .1•.o·.··. ·~ ·~ ·.• •··· :"- • -'· .~·-: .•.'. • \·~.'· ~·~.· .• •.o•.•·. ·~ ·~ • •'•·•· :"-•. ~.·. :•·-:·. ""·. ,· o., ................. •,• •.. • •}·.· ·•·.~·:.·•· •...•. • ... •.•·P·•·o• ··~·~•.q ··•·· ·•·.~·:..·o·, ............... ..

•. ;c;; .;: • ••• ~.: ···o· ·~ "<l.•.·.: .•· ··i·\• -:······· ·. ,.· '.' "'? •. ·."• • ·• .•• ···.: ·~·.·., ••.•• :;··· -:··· .•. • •• ,.·'' •o •. ·. ·, • •• .•• • •• ·, .,.• ·• .•• o.;_,.• •. :.·~·····/··· ·,~·.•o·.•.• .. •·· "..·. ·····.····C.··"<>;•· ... •. • ... ··~·.•o··'.•. 1•.; "..:··~·····• .•. ·o·•· '• ·-···o . • • ,., · .. ·. · · .• -· • • • •o.0 • • • • 0 .,.p.• .... , ·· .•. ·.· ••.•.• ,,. • •· • • .•. o,. •. · •, •.

1

.p.•. · ... .. ·.:·•'."··,· .. ·.~,·.; ...... ·.•.•:·~'.·<f:.·•·,·,:·:~=.•:;;·.~=·. :,.·>·.~:~·,··.~·.·:~·:··.• . .".;.•·.·.:·:~:.•:;;•.•.=·.a·.· .. ·•·•!, . ....... :.•.,·.· ·•"6·•·•' ~ ,·,·.;··:J.·.·•·O,. : .. •.•.• o" •o.-• .•. ,.~.· ••• , •• _. ·"o.• ·o·! .•. •.,.o•••.: •• •.•.•.; •o•"•o"•·,.~".·"· • .• •. • •. ::;. •:: ':: •· .•. ·.: ': .. -... -: . : ·;~ :·.···o.: :·1t: ~: :~ ·; .• :·,;." ..... •· ."".\ ·; ;:!'. :.:.: ? ·./ : .. : .··::;::a~ ~:~ .~~: ~: :~ ·; .• :·.;.".; .• .. ··:-:.·. ·~ ~:!'.

• • • ·• • o' • • ; • • •' ·• o • • • • O /. • • • ., • ' • • • • • •. • : • • • .• o I• • • ,•I "• ... '• • • • ' ' •" • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •. • : • ~ .a.• o I• • .. ,•

;_. ... ·;:;: :. ··:·~ •: ::.::~ '.•::. . ·• -;_.'. -: :.:.: • .: ....... .',~:.-.o., 'o.'. . : ... ,·.·: ~; ·~ : 0:;.~· :-:,i:: ,u,." • .':.;,:: .::··.~: .',~::00., "•.'." ,. :o.,".•: ~; • ~: •• o. : ••••. - • • • • • • 0 •••• o ...... 11: .I • • • • • .. • - • •••• . . .. 11· • • • • • • • . . .. • • • •• ;,: .• • •. '. • . ':o·; .• ."'! :.' .:•. ::·. ~/-. ::: . .; .':. :·'.:f, "!" • :·o. • ..... ~ • .; :· .. •':- "!"' •.: • .•"• ••• ., ·"'''· .,1 .. '"·-'. :·:,:. "!"·: ." o, ·,.":~-·· • .; :· ._,·:' • , • :' • :•··•• '

1

: ·, •

0

: o. f · · ···.·o ·• : "r ·• .'• ." • ·•. •. •••• .... '''· •'"" ,.11, • : • • ••• • • .-,· • ·•. •. •·•· •' • • • • ···• •"• • .; •. •. · ·~o •• • .- .... , 4i." • .··., • • • • • ,.,, · · ·"· ,1,t., 4,o • .• ., o • •

0

• • • .• •. • : ........ ~· .... ~.-.................... ··~;.._,. ··~ .. ·:"!"'···"..,· ·' ·'''· ··'"·· .... . :-.;·:·~ ·.·:·•!'"'·•: .f• •.•. ; .. • ... , ....... •. •• •·· ~ .... ~o .. ,.,••o •, • •.o.• •• ·"'•. '" ,11, ,1

·•·. •o•.• ,·, •.o.•,., • • .o • • • :. • ' •• ·,.. ; • ~ •·. ··•. •; : ,._. "• • i •; • •. : . :- .. ·o • •o ·.,. ····'•· . .• .. "''· ··''"· . . t . -· . :- • ... o • •O -. • ••• • •• ··· .. · .. '·• ·• ·: ... ·•··f. •.t•' W. •• ·-·,.. •• \- • • •• • ·~i, ·'"'" ··''" ··'"'" .·•,. ... o .... •.: .... ·-·. • co O • o 'o"o•• ·~·· • •. • • • ,l~•• I '0 G • e .• "• .•''"" ,\II. \II ' • ••• • • • 2/1 ·~ .. :·:.-.. .•••. · ·:.··.·.··~ .... : ••• :. · ····~·· ·.~.~.· ;, ·•'· •'''·· ·"• ·'''·· ·• •· ~·".! ...... •.'! Figure: ,_,. .·.,·~'·•1··•,·•;..t .• ;-.,._ ......... ~····/. ·• .... · ·• .. . ,,,., ··'"'" •''l •''l .·.=-····~:··o· Bl ·11 it3 .... ·~ •• ~ ••• : .; .... ~-. 0 ••• ; .o: • • .. • ~- :l , ·:..·. ~ ··"·· ·•"· ·'"· ··'"·· ,.,,,... '"' . '·. . ..... •o •• ·-:-. • ··~- ue g1 1r ) ;;.: ................ : •. •.·:·.•·.·.·.*·:.•.-.. :···· · ,, '"'' ' ···'"" .v ,,\, •.. .' • .:.;:•·-···.· (lcm-7 3rn - • • .. • • • • • • • o# • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • •• . .. •• !>'" '· ··'"'· ··'''· ..,,, • • ••••• ' • "· • - • •.•.•'• • .... •· ,•

0•

0•, • •• ;•Jl."t.'"1•;•0 0 .• •"•· U • • ,\\/._ ,,1\l1. "·.:·,.•U .'•.,,

.. ~ :.·:·: ····:·:•· •••• • .: ., -: •• ~: •• • .,.,.... ••• ·' •• ·'"· :i.\11.. ·''· ·'''' • • • ......... , .... 0 ··•. ·-··· ,. ••••••••

M . A I N L A N D

'• ,,\I J ..,., • ,J' ~ ?l. 0 ~. ~ :,\If,,• • \:' 1 J £.'\ '-' ~ "\,'I t(»1 ,.\f, \I ,111, :,,,·'"'•. ,1\\f1, 66 '·· .•-' ~ ~ ~ ~- ~.·~·'"·· .• 1\1,, .\~lo , ·":.J lfo\ ~ ~ ~ ~· .:11::' '• '• \\1,,. I/ _.,llf., .;,, I 'i) ~' ~ ,.\/, ,..,, ,,1\• ~ . .y ~:··;1 ( ',\/1. ,\\ f1, ,. ... v.. ·~ ~ t;;,' .~ f.,, ·.Mt, ., ~:' . l';'°' ~ ···: ... ,1.. :/ Ht.. .1111., I .iJ.. ·'1. . .~ 4:il (,I "l.i;J ~\Ii • • \.:' ~~y $" . . / \ u I ··'"'·.)~ 0 r- .. :1 °'!:' ... ~ ... ., !· •. _.,,;:''" ·,, ~ ~ t\ «:J> A ~..,_ ~ < ·,.~ .. ,:Mi. ':11/li1 ••• _.~\11,:' :.

.1 "· "' ... ~ ~ •• c._~ "' • ~ . \:'·' -;...,jJ . .if: .M •. ,,\11,, • '- ··'"'·· .1111 ··'''". ... ~ JJ .a~..;} . : ~ .. .. 111 •. I . ~ t~ t'!i> • ' ~ {'/ I . ··''''· 11.. ,.\11. ,'\II.

··'·, ,,,·) "l ': .... E.) ~"''" ·'' '·· ' C' «.£"' ~ ~' . ~ ,.1 ''· "''''· ·"'· ·'"'· -.~''' ,.\I.. ' t..;;.r" J) •I .r.!'.. ~ ···:~ .. llli,, \\I/.

10 \/. ,\\ '•

.t.. ·• '- • ';l ' . . '.:: ~ 1.\11, _.11/1,_~ •• ~ 01' /~ ""'· I . ,ll/i, ,,\I,, f,

·""'" . ~ ~ 0 'Yi .~ .. 111 •• ·"'·· t.;'":i' 'i,"'2 r.:\/ ·') .. 11.. ··'''':. •• ''''· .:~. '- .. v.. ·'''' "·· ''1 ~ / C> ~ \)> •• Mi, ""·· ·-'' ~ ;io"','"l /' \\l I "1 ~1 ··'"'• _.,\II,. ,\l/1, •. .-"··. . , :; ~ ;, D ,.,,.. ,,. Jt ~ ':> .. ,.. .. '· ··' ••••• ·:'a. ~ '~ ;!} ,": ··'"'" .• •. . / ~ .. · "'"'·· ... 111,. ··''- ··'· ·''"'· ..... ,,, ...

. ,;· ·''t,j.f f: .'l "jJ .~ ~ 11, ,,111._ ··'11'· ,v.. ,111 /~_.,,,, ·-"•. II. .M._ .. i111.. .\l/1. ~II.•' ,._ , " ~ ~ .·._ ~ J . .M. " '·''.;I• . • ·" ,._ .. \It; /,, ··"· •' "··.,,u,

·''' ':)·· fC .. :t. !.,. ;I,,' •,, ·''"·· • "''''·· \' "''· ,.,11,.. "''· .• 111. ,.111,,: \I •l 11 ,r • Mi' '1;.11 JI",,. • 11 I \ I 1 .i\• '• \I• ·' . ,t ) ,.,.,. V" ·'1'· ·" '•. •.,' "'''~ ·''

1 ''· ,11, .• 11. . It. • •• U "· ...... ") D· ) '; -Or c··... '• . ···'''·· .1111, ··".\. ·,, ·''''-. •• II.. . .• u; ... -i;._ I ... '·· ~"' .. , .

• • \I \ \ • . ,, \l '·· ·' •• ·'''· ·''' ·. - ·· · · r: e.. . ~' "' '·· 1t "' ' i< ··' '•· ·' '·· -'"'·· ''•· ·'"'•. ,,\It,. ·"·· J • ~ ~ - ~ .,\/. ·' 11. • "' ·' '·· I. '" .. 1,,; .JI: • ";,/ J:' ~ .... ,.M1., '· 1 ,.,11 ••. \ • \ '•· ,.oil,. ... 11-. .111.. ..V.. .1\\/,. ~I. \II.

··••· J 1J . ;J '··;'\ w • "'''· .... ;:::·· ·'" ·t"'·\ ... ,,_ ··'''·· ·"'· ··"''·· ··'"'·· . '· ;~' : ..•. :3 ~ ": .. \;"1 ~ .. ','\ "''· ,,,, ..• 1., ,; \ ~ ··'"'·· ·""'· ··'' '··

.......... ';Ji> & ': «Jr ···• ~ •• ,, . . ·''"·· .• '·· ·'.'''··, .. ''· \(. ... ,.. .11, • ,:' .... ··'"'·· ·"'·· <t ,,, • .m "" .: . ,., ·. .\ ~ . ~· .. ,, ,, ,.11.. r . ~ t,;' • •''' ·•''·· ·'"' .. •• ~ i .• 1 \ ·''''·· •• •• ··'""· .v. . ~ ..... ~- ?· ~I . •, \(I •• I .I' IW: 1111. • ··'"'·· ... 11.. ,, ,,· •

0

"1t · ,jT #, l • • • \ I " " \\( "" r \'• ~ • •. ' " '•· ·• ''• 'J, .. / q .. : r.. ... ··'"'· ,\ .... 4; ,.11(,~ ··'"'·· ··"'·· .111;.. ··'''·· ·'"''· ··'''· .. .••• . "'··" ~ -~ ~ ,....., . . ..11.. . :·'''· ··'''· .• 11.l. '"'"'·· .. 111._ ··''''···

• ~ '1$1' ::;) ~ ., .111._ .M. "'''·· ·•'"'·· .~t.. ,\111, \\I, ,,1/1, II ·' • •• II,, .i\lli, '} "'· <"' p, •If •• -:\I • <I' • Ii ' " •. .•Iii.. .•'"'•· ,,·'.

,11". • 1.:3 ~ •• ~ I'. • 't/ •. ··"· ·' '·"'I ':;" \I ·""'" _.i\11, \ \ '01

"· I I ., , . w (1a' ~ '''·· ·"''·· " . t. '· .111, • \1 .• v.. ,\II... il1 "1

•. ··' ' ·''''· ··''"' .. ~·.'- ·111 ;It& ·'"'· _.,,, . .. '·· \ It. -' •. _.,1;,, "'' ."\ r». ~ S'D v "'.. .. .. . . ." ~ .. ,,: .... ,;,, .... , .. \ "' ~,~· ~- ,,1i1,_ .. .111.. ·''" •• ~ , :J {#° ' ~ ,.oil. •lit, . ~. I • ''"' Al • ·~\ ~ '\ .. •11• • ..ii/ ~L ·,,\\11. ~ . ~ -~ '" ··'"'·· . ::.,, ..... ,,;,: ...... ,,:: ::11, ~ ~ .. .,\/., .... u... ·'''· '''· •. ~.,,~ ··''''· ·d ) . :~ u;;:;> , . .;ii ~ '" ·"''·· " •· .• 11. 11~ t.· ~· i·~ ' .111. , .. 11,, ,11, ··''''· ., I • ~ . :'!ii ,tl · • · , • • • ... • .11 I.

0 ~ l} "'"" ·'"" .11... "· ... r,: · • \':!l ... 111,__, .... 11,_ .i11. • • .u,,

.•"°) "· '" ,,111. ,. • ,,11(1., • \II. ii' ' ·""'· If • I' ~ '~ "l.ol" ~ ~ • , • .if, ~ ... 111,,. ""' . ~ ,, •• iii/,_ \ •· " ''••,\ .• It,. ·\(. ·' '· ,II._ .• I 11.

~ v ""' ~ , .. '·· ·"'· .. .. ... 11,, ·"'-· • \ ·'"'· ···•lie.. ·'' '·· I, ·"'"~.:~It..·'""'· ~ ~ ;., :!Ji. ""''·· ··"'·· . . ··'''·· ... 11,._ u,._ ""'· .. '"'-. .i: •. \ .11.. _,u/. .. v ••

;;.)

~ 11

.,~ • .\I.. ' 1 ~14 .oll ••• .11.. ,,01/1.. r. ,1 / "'"'·· \ .1lt.. ,.•V•.. .v., I ,.11.. .1\l1 •• •' , ,.\I',,, I .\I'· . "- . •. ~ ~ ··'''"'•· '• (. • • 'l . •t • '· .. 1 •·. ,.,, . " I • .\ '· • • •• ~ .JI,. '" .• .. ·'"'·· ··''''.. \I ·''''· .·'~' "l ·''·· ... \1,. ,1t1.: ·''''" • a• ' • • •

. ··'"·· ·""'··. ·"''·· ""'·· ... 11.. ...II.. • ' ,, 0 • • .. 11/1 \·· '· ·"· • • • 0

aJ. ...& _,,ti,,, I •'''''· I •. .; •• • • {: .o.\. '·· \•''" .• ' ~ ,.,,. •.•. ·• ir- ··'' '.. JI. ·''''# lt: ··'' ''· ··'''' t • • ! • • •. • . ~ . II ::: . '.:.· .' ;o ~· '•

. ,,\11 ll .. '·. · .. ·'' '·· .• 11... ··'''·· ··'•"• •.···'\•'· •'·~ \•i ·' · . -~ ~·o·•·f·-·! ·''·· .. ·. ··' '·· __ ,,,._ ··''''·· ··'''·· ··''··. ·'"'"· ··"''·· '· .... ·. ·.· ~:. : .. ·:: · .· .· : ... : .... -··· ..•.•. ·'''''· .• ,111, •• >11. •• 111.,.. ··'"·· ,lt, .•• , •.• ~·.·· •• • •• • • ••• \.·.o .;o.• :\•o···o· •·• .• ··•. ·• • ,,, 11 \( . . • • • • • • • :'_ ... • •• • •• • •••

• 11 •' '•. ,,, '• •• •1• 0 . ,.·.· ••• •. • • . o .c, . • : •\.• •. • . •"'\ ·- •. .-.•.. I•·• ··'''·· ,\I, ,,t1,, ··"'·., ~,u,., ,,,11.. • ·""" • • :- o"' •. • ... • •• ·o·.. ••".•o .'•Lt ct lJ • :• .. o • o • '·,. • • • • .••o·.o. • II

• • ,, ,, • • ...... ·.·:.•:· •• ·-. •••••• ••••••••• ... ..... o .•.. • '' '• • ,.,,\/,,,. • • • 'O ;'- • • ! "' I • • • ~ • •' • • "' "'• •. O • • • • • • • 0 \. O "' • l...o • •.°. 1• --:: .... :-,·.: •

•"'•.'~. :~~:·· . .:, . .. ~: .... , .;, ; ... ~ -~: .,·:·: ·": • .• .:~:.•:. ·a: .. ~.·~.·;~··°':.~ ,,;o .' -~·.).;. ~ •. -~ ·:• . ... •.':".' .. ·:··.;::.·:• .. ,•,. ····-··· .•... •·• .. ··~·•!•!':..•~· ......... :· .• ;:·:·.·o .. ·._,.:..•.!•• ··j••; . ".',,• .. •.•.·~: ·,-...o; ·,:· c.··•: ·~o'~;o .•. • · •. ··'''·· .,,..•. .o . • ... • .o •. • ··ca· ;'.~-•:-::~·:: ; :•·-:·a·.-.e..- .• ~_.,,. •. ~~ ... ·.":.:. •.····.~ .·~i •. o.-•; . .u,, ,.,r,c. ·:::!·:.~:.·::.'~.'~•-~::.~·:·::. ":=~ ··:.··•·.;·o~ ~- ; :,~ ·. ··#.' -~ · •. •" "': 0

•• <'·.!ff':'·o·:., ~., ··: · ~ · ·: : -~'·· ·''"'· · . .-. "'•,'!. o:. ~ -ia··;1.' ;! · :,: ·. ·. ;.1 ~:: '.:.'. · •. • . • : .•· :.·. :..;.:· .. :~.·, ~.~".·:&·: . . ·.:·.: ;:.·•:i,·····":"'•\u, ,,\1, , • .,,··· "'·'·.:o·Q··.•0-·:0"'.\:•:. : .. ~;.~.~·,. • • .'~·~;,·· . ~-·=· 41"" .,. -~ .•.·.· ·•· ·• -~·.o .-; . ··•••·•·. · · .. u . ..... • · ··:· · •.. \: ·•·.•. · •·• .. ~-· '· ... ~·· c:a ·.• ., -:·:. : .. ·' •! 0 .• 1·.o:. ·.··!···.···. ·,·".~ .• ·• ... ··''· -.•'··.:.····'·· .. \r.,. • •• •\~ ·: •.o ~·· •·"·.·.· •.• o··o·•·., .. ·. · .. · .. •· o• e.:.~. • • ""'·· ···'''"·.I .•!•· •. ''" \ .•. ·, .. • •·• ••• • ·· • · ·.·• .,. : ··. ·•o·· · · • •· · "·' •. • •-. .• ~"·.. \I ··"1 ·, •· • •• '"· ,,,. • •• •• - o ·• '"'• o•• , ·.,·•: .. ·. :o: 1.0· ·• ':· ·•:o· -.·. ···-·: · .. · • ··' '· "'''· · • . .! 1A ·~ ···.!ti· • •·. ·. • •• • •• ···•• ·o. o. •• ...... •• .• · ·' . · _. •·• ·0 ·.: 1 0 ..... ••It.. 11 "! • · ··"·· ·'' l \\/. .. • •• • l • • .. o• ••Cl ··.:~~:·.···* :,:~··.-.·· ·:.·· •. ,. .. ,:. .• ·o·· ':·,, ..... ,,. ··' 1

'"·. •· ... -~··,, • ·' ''·.·:•o:•. • 0•• • .: •• •

;~.o:;.·,;~.·;:0 .. ~:.-.•:;:.!~ ··.'· o':·~·; ... _,;_.;;.: .. ··.:0 ·: • •• ,, '· t ···;:~·· •• .,:· .. ,.. · \''·· ,_.; :.: • .r ·:· •. ~:.·.··. · . . ... . . . . ... ,.. .. a -o , • .. • .a·•· , . • •· ·•'''·. ·' ..... •. . '''' \ ' • , • I . •. . . o-

• ;· •• • : 0 ,•.••:o:<Q.l.• l"' .. ••11'• • "': -:·. • .:. • • •.t.•; e 1 D·.· ·'-• ,,,,, ;.·.·- ••• I •. ··'··O.:.· ;• ~·: ~-· . • "'#

o·• • ......... ·"": ·····~·.·• ' • ·' • · •. , .. • ·.•. • • ·•t. ' 111• ··a· ... • 'l)I,_ ,u \• · • ~ ,·1 · •· • • •'•• • • •,. .,• • ,., • , .. • • • • • • '.-. • tJ I"'• 1• • • .,, ·•'''•· . ~ • • ,. ••• • • •• \i.,. • •.,• • i •• • • • • :~~··:~.··.•·.--. ·.·;.>'·'? ~. · • ._::! •. ~;, .• :;. ·~ . .- :;, ·'''· . ., .. •.· .•.. ·.·.: :·,.;:··.~·:-.:: •. o· .•.• ·,.,· .• :o .•. ~

:,•:o:.:.·. ·. :.o·,·,·.'°:: ·· ;.~ : .. . :.;:.';,:·:"'.~·.•·a·•.:~ ·'"'·. :.-.. : -~:,·i.. ·:.o .. •.o':-t~.0-:·• .:-~·- ~.=; •. · •... o· .. •• . . ·-· ·;·.':· ••;_, ..... • ... ·'.•···· ·-·•.(, . . 111,.. • • • • ·····',.- •• -~··: ·.~·.··ca .• '· ... ·• • · •. I·•. ·• c.. • ·, • · . ~·. • • . !· o. ·,, • • i · • • • · 1 ,, · · • · • . · • • · a.' • . ~ . 1 ... • • • • • ·,.• · •• ·• .•. ,, ......... ·. • • 9 •· ,.•. • • • •·•·· ·o· •O •• • •' 1,,.· • .,lJ,1. •Cl•••"•·• a • •.t • ••

1·~:.~: .. a· ·.: :·· ~;~ :'. ~._· •. ; ._·.;;. :.: • .-: . .-:; .. o' :- .·: ··.:::-:~. ..\111, ·.;·. ·:~ ~.:·.·.;:.::··o=-; .. ,, .. · . _.;;:,.·.;_,;.-: .· ~ •· • ~ :::.o.::.~.· ~-:·.,·~ · .. ~.··.· :.. .. · • • .•:.:. ·~ .' b"' ~.·.a· :o• .• • • •" "•·.'·. •. . .. ~ •. • ·. • 4 • •• •.• .. •• !l· • ; • .... • • • .. • : ,• .•. ·····••"'• .. • "'•'· • ·• ..... . -·~o:.•;;.·,•.•·· .. o ... • ... ;.~.•t,. ·''·:····!~···:··~·.· 4;•.4; ~ ~·o·•·,·O~•·~:.· ;-..

~· ·. · .·• ·. e.i.: ·.; .. o•·.•.•1.·,.• •• ·.:;. -.... ·, •• • •• • Q•' •• ·.•,.; : .: • ·•· •• ~ ·: • . ,\/.1,. :·.• •• : :.: : .·• ."- •• , .o• . •. : • .: •.• :·. • :. -~. ,O •• •.••••. ·• ·o.-o· .• 1·

0····v·.: 1•

0.:., • •• ..:. • •• - ~· .J .. ····~ ,,\l ..• ·•.· • ... p•• ... · •• , . .a;t.'! o., .•. o • .••• •

• • • . • • • •. • .... • · · • • - • • • ·• u • · I • • · • · • • • • • · I• • o· ·• • · ·•• ... · ... ··J· •·.··. ---· ·'··· .. ····· . . ., .... '!··· .... ,,. .· ...... ·· .......... __ , .......... , • • •. e • • • : • • O • '• • 1 • • • • _; •e •# • ••., I G • • 0 • • • • • • 1

• 1

•. • e • • • • • •• •• 0 ~ • • ., • .o • • • •. ., -· ,. •., • 1

•·•. •· o • ..•••.•.• • , • ... .. 9.r•O o·'. :..-.· • • • •. •·. .. ····• o ..... o· o• .• • '· ·• o ··"' • .. :!'' • .. • ·. . .. '. • ' .. '·. ·, .. - .• ~ .•• : • . • ... : .. ·.•·:~. •·.·.~.··''"'· •:o• •. ·o." :.;:a:•··,·;•; .o·. ·.: .. ; ~:~:.·· • .;!

Figure: 25 Bluegill //4

(1cm=9.9m)

A 8

Figure: 26 Island Eluegill #8

(1cm=18.6m)

Figure: 27 Island Bluegill #9

(1cm=14.9m)

:-.::.;-,·, .. •:.·,·o~·:··;,,·.~·~···.o;;.•·:-·.~·····;.:·• .••. · ........ . · ........ " - .... .. o:··:·"· . .s:·.·.:·: ··.o···~·:!.°(/.•·.:.: t•~.:.·o:;,.:··. ;.\::'..9•,\;~::··.'.:·•'.:..•.,· t;·~ .·;_ ~ -;· ·.1: .69 .• .• :-·! •.; ... o.• •. •. , .• ·,·.• -:-•.o.-··. ·'·.·.· .•. ·~ ..•.• ·.,·.·.·~· •. ·.··.··•···,·.·~··· . .: ...... ..: "~...:..::...: ;•·.· ... ·,:.-.··-•·!'••~ :'!•;.~:f:,.: :.·.a.•.~· .,:o•,,:· ... ·•·~"·'•: ·~·! .•~''•. •·'··.~ 4: --: . ~. ~. -:;_ ,0 :• _.,, • ,0,1• • •l•I· I' e ,t ,'\ ~ • ,,,,•, • • •• • 't • • •'• .0 t ,• 10 '••""''•• •· : ..;' •:·,..·v .. :•.•.'o•".·o•:•· .. ·.:..·~·i•";.,·,·o:-•, .~ •4·• ,',•·,; ! : • ._;.;•,•1•'':.~·~··.'••..: "°' '1. ::! ·:i3 ~,·..: ••.•••••••••••••••...•....••..• •·•••• .............. ,-._ :! .... _____ ...., •··•·o.· •.. _., . .,, . .;•, •.,t·!·.· .. ,:o .•. • .. •.•· •. •.•··•··:·•.•··~· ,.,--_· •. •·;~:.:.'•·4!. ....... ~ · · ·. ·~.-=:, ..-.

I .. :. •• •• • ••• : •••••• " • • • • • ••• • • • •• , • ., .t) •• •• ·, • •• • • • • ••• ' • I. • • • • •• • ._ : • ....:

'".o •;,"'·:·",:•-'•~.;.,.•,·.· '.•:i:;:q:1·.•:.:::::0.·.?·~~·.::~·:.::-;.:'o"·:•,•'1•~:,·~ .~•,•,-§ ...... .. ··;: -::: ·,::: •;.~-· •• 0;.• •. :;:.•: ,,•-··"•·•".··~··~·': •• 0:,1· •• -:·:-·:~··:~.·:·=·········:• .. ·: ..... ·:,~ :~ ':. -= . .• .::· ~ . •.-:o . . , .... , -v• Ii,•·· •0 •• ··' .o . • ·•. • ·, ·. 0• • ·o· , . .-,.• .o·.· •· ·• · ':.·.· - .. '! .. _...:-::.· '· ~ ·~··:.•:o·.1 .0·! ·'·'· • ._, ··•.• ••• ,. •• fll'• ,..•., o' • • ,·.·. • • •' · '• 1 ,.. , • • • '••- .,... • ,Q• ..... ·• • '·• .• •· •' ·~ • •' ••• _. •• ,. ·, • ·.·• ••··· • ••o·' ·•.'• ". ., •,• • • •' • .. ,"' ~ -: .i . . ~ •:,·.:·.· •·o:"-'· ··.•.;o•.:;·;~.· -. .. ·.-.~.··•~··::·.··:···.:::.·:.•;.•.•.fl:, .... •··.•.• ... ·· ... ... ~ ._:r..• _.: · '· .·•· · .· ·':·· · ·o·· • .•.••• ••' ··•·•· ..... • 1 •• : ·• •••• • •••• •. , ••• •••• o •• •:: .. - .... - . __ •1

• 1

'•• 0 • t • • .••• • ... • C. 1

, '• 0 .• ., '• • •''A • •1 ' V,t •, 0 '• t • e 4, • • •' • •• • e • • • t '•' :: .. ~ •. -; -'!. ..,: ~ • .., ~ ·:a., .• ··-.·.·~· 1•J:r·•·•· 1 ····•·0•'.'•J11'•:·0··1 ••• ··'.•·0 •• •••• ·• •· • • • ·4:•;· ~.::~ _.·==' • ..: ._.,·_.;

• • • • •• • • • It , • 0 • • •• ... • • • •' • • • • • • • • •• • ••• •• • • • • - . -•. ·-. •. .· -··,-~·······.•,,•·. •.• .···•·o"'• ......... · ·.;.• • • ...•.. o.•;·:• ,,.. ..: : .; - , .,. ·. •.:..•.:; · .. :. · ''· t'o'." ::•.••o:·,: •. •.,•.';:·•I',•··'.;,.•.:.•.•'•,•··•:;.-:::. ~ -:. : ·. ·-:: -: .· ., ,~!.:-:·::;."!·". :.,:·-~·.;·."·~··"·~·.• .• o··: •. ·;~.:·:.~·o·.:·~··'-····;.:;~ .. :.o• .. -:._. ::: · .:·· :;

• • • •. • t• • • ~ I • • ._ '~ •• I I"• • 0 ... •.••I - 0,1 • •' e • ,•• ' - •"" ' ~ 0 • • t •. •:. "o •, '•' • 'I• I e C. -:, :: --:· • ':-·; ~. ~--· .• •. --:.•.' ~.· --;·:. · • .,·.•. -::.,.···. · ·• ·,. • 'o·' •. • .. • · ,.•. •.•.,.•• •.• ·,. o.• . . •. ·. ·,· • •, .• •••' ... · •. , • •f. .. · • ... _ _ _ • •

0 ... •· • •• o •• '. • 1,•• 1 • ,• 0 • • o.. .• .. ••O 4 • • , •, .o '. •• . •• • I , o ...

;·.·. '.·.·o·:··.~.· •. o·a.l!'·•·-:o'·o· ; .. :.·.:~.:. ~o··.·~·.; .. :.··.• .. :·.·· ·:·;:·~-·:.·~·:~~ \·~ .·· ~· ··~·.·::,·,·• .•. ·.·...-.•,·.• .;. · ···0· 1• •·o' • ···• •· '•• • •:•.o·· • · .::,··.····.····~··· .,·!.'. · ·:. , .. · _.-; ~· ~· ~- . • • . • • . . . ,. • • • ' • • • • 0 •• .. . • • • • .~ , ... - .... . ;·.~·,' .• · •. •:·•:~· ~·:,·~·.;:·· •.•••. ·,•,o.•'o••••'~'.·:·.·:.;·'!!·•''·~·~··'·i''•;.-: ... -; . : .· ~- .·.·.:, ':i .. ·· ... •.o•· •. •·•·· ..•. •·'····.o··•·:.··()· • .-··o•.·o•,.• .• ,., .... ,., ••. · ... -:. ::..:: ___ .......

• ...... • •• , 1 • • •• o. • a . , .•. , .•.. , ' •..•. • . • : • ·• . · , · •• ·• .. • ~ •. ~· • • • • ~ • • • •·• .::" :: -:.. .... -: . ; -•1•.o• .... 0.1•••.·······-··.:o·.· ... • .. • 0·,. 0·~q1·,·;·• o•·.•·•.•·,·o·'• ... ··•- .: .. , .. • ·a·,•.':-••·· .. :···•.·.'·.~·o··,·•.·.·•.:,·.IJ·"' .· .. •·.·· ··o·::..•·•.,;.•····• .... ,,.~ -· · - · ',•, "D. •, '0 t •',; • .,•• •.: .. : •t"•·•·•a'.• 0

,'

0

'1 •O,•', :~A•·,~•~ •'o'•, •• '• • ,••':! • •' 0: ':. ··; -::.·.· -;.··-~'·. --.· ':;

····'·'···.·o·a· ·•·•········-····'··· .• •······o':·····•,., .•. •,.,.,, •.. --:.""1. -··.·::·::·;.-:,.·:·· ·:-·.•·'. ~· .•. :.o:.;~: •. ·.::,·.··::····.·!',!•"o ..••. ·.:.•.•::.- .•:: ·. =~·· .::· ..... ~·.·!·' ! ;: ·,• .• \~o·•• •'··:~:•.•.·:·1.·! ·:.~.•. ·,·.•.•, •::.~:,·.·.:.o. :: :. ;.-.~·.·..-?•_..•·~~·-::. ·£ .: :·~·····.:·.· ... o; ;-:: ~ ·o'~-.,-:•.ei:.;··.'~·."··:.'.'·; ·:.~'.•··.:,. :-::•.;::•:·•.'.'~'.·\·G'·'··,:;.: .. -i .;£ ~ • .t ., :: ~ ; ._.••.o;o-.; • •.o•·,0 '!," ·,'·.·· i.•·~·0 •• , ... • .,., ... •!>".';.-~· .'·:• ·•• ·•· ':;•.•'• '• -: ~ ( · :i" ~

•• o·• '•: ••• o.• , , •. •. ~.-:, -. .. ·•. ·., .•• • . ·~ ..•.• • 1• •.·'' .'.• ••• o., ·a'.~ o,. '•' • .;. . .: . -:· .• • ... ::·:.-.···:.•·;·.-;~·.'Cl.~}:•:!':·.•. ·,·o.·:~.·;.•., .•. , .• : . .; . . ;.! ,..! .. •l'·• ·: •·' .• ·:· :: . ~· :! -: § "' .:: ~ I :•a'.• •,O,o••• •f•I • ':"'·" 0 ".•,'·"·"••'•p• !". , 0• .• ,."• ,.,·4•1,.,,0'•• .. ''••'•9°·• "- ":. -: ;€' ~. -;! • ..... -:·.·::.:-:·:~::·:o:···::•:···~'.:·!''.''°·;·.o'."~.:-·.• ,.:.:~·•.-.,'.•;,;;,:~"~:;>;•:.'.':.~;~ ·:.;•; .. ~·;.;.;. : , .. •·o.· •. •._.,..,,.,:•,•.•·,f!··• .. ,:o.~.• .. '.''.-•.•··d·'":·•,o'.•·'·'<0,,·, •·,·~~:.···•·••:: • -. -~ :::. :.••,.·.· ... ::···.·:a·,.· ..•.. ~·.•:=·. ~·:,:-i:·O.'"·o'·~··-:,·.~ .... · .. •:~;1•,·,.·.·:·.·•·•··~•.•f ~.

0, '1 •I' : • 4', • t .J • 'o• I• I• 0 I••. ~··:I,• ~· q •I • 0. •. • .. : ••. ':,.. •. ~ • • • 1, I?' t • ,• • 0 •.,• 0. • 0 t • • , ': a ' 0 ' lllo I • . .._

;:•~·:~.:.:.•". ••'••:"'i .. • ;.":•·.··~··.:,,o.,•.a··.-.,·,.,:,.·:·:··········•,,·/ .. • ··,.-·:·,.• ~·_,-:. ·: •.. ·· ..... u· -'. ·,• .... · ·. ,· . · · -· o ·.· ·, , .. ·.·! : :··.a·.::-: ;o · •. · .• · ; ·o · .•. ~; .• . o ·• •• ··:. ···'·•· ·~ ~·· :~·~~-'·.·,·' !.-~,·-;..- ,._·.·,· ·: .0;:~: a.,:.·~·;.··.-·~.~-~.;.-:.:. Cr:-\:,'":'· .• ·.:; ·-.'~··o·7 • • • 0 ·0 . . . • • 0 • ' • • • .... • • • . ' . - • ~ • • • • , • ,·o·:., .•: . •. •; ·'· ~· . •' !'' . • • •. ·' . ,· '· ; ·o··. •. •·:. •· •. •' •, •' 'o'· :._:.•A:•."., .. • .. ~ ·'· ... !~ .. • .: • ' ' • ••o I • • f 0 ' • ' • I • 'It • I t • 1 0 • • • I ~. ' ' .. • e • ' • ••• - .: ·,'.•··· ··,_··":····· -·• • •••·, 0·•. ·.·,. 0 •·'··· ,·,o·, •. i·;.· .. •.:'·w·••.··Q·~··· . ~-' ', .! 0 •I • •'A I• • ,' '• • • • I • • 't , • •• • • 1 • 1 • • •, • • • •,

1 , • • •' • e • • '• ' • •' ·~ ..,:

d., . • · ... ·:·~·'•' ·.', •. o · •.•. ·- .•. •·• .. -:-:~ ..• '· ·~~- •. , ........... ,,. ·•·.•• .,;:•,· .:£ ~ •.· .. ···~·.\·, ;.·:"· ................. ,, •.• .•.•.•• ·,· •. -· ... · .•. ··'····!"'!•;, ";" "': .. . :·,~'? ·:.o·; .. ,·.•.•t»i : O! ·, ·o·· .... • ·.:·:.· •·.•.·';. :. ; ·o·':.·.•.··:~ ·••· •-: · .. · . .-:;. ~· i ~·! ':-:· :-; :~:.:'a;· ... ··. i ~ ;, ; :'-0

: :.·.·:;!a;·'.·.;.:· i-:·.'!~ :··~:.:,. 1 · .. .. { . '•' ••• • .O• •• ., ••O ',• ." • ,o. • ·~ • • • •·e·· • • ·· •1•

1 ' ~ " ..:: ...,,• -.,·.··Ill!·~ ............ ··,'•'. ' ...... 0 • .. '·.;:. •. • ........... :·. ...... . u ";.·._,,,-: ~ '"':. •. • • ., . o· • ' . o . • .. ' • . ·o • • • • • • , . c ...... .,, .. • ,. . Q • -. • • •• • • ,,, • • • • • • ...... , •• - • ,. • .... -... .a . . .

• • '• •, o• i •: • ~. 11 • IJ• ,• 0 • ,••,' '1 •' : • ~ f. •; • e• .' "I• ~.I• ~ ; ! . • ~ f • .,,: ·.:·.::;.,,: .• .-.·.·:~:; . .;.; 'ci••::•.•,' .• ~·:.·:;o":.;,•:;) ... ·~ 'i -: ~ ~-·· ~ 7• : 1 • .. • .,• •I,\ 'O: • • • t ~ 1 • O • : • • "', •: 0 t '•: .' t' •. oA.J,.r ..#1 ~ ' •:. ... ..,:· · .. :·.o:· •. ··:'0'·0,0.;4'.'.•·o·····.;. ~ ') ~ ·~· •. ~. ...... ·'" • .••.•.•. .- .•. • • . . . • , . . -e~ =:: "~ 1•.o···•·o·'·~·--.. •·•· .•. :,,- ,c.·.~ • . : v·-:. ' ... , !' • •• '• • ;·: t I ~ 1' = ·. !': .••· .•.•. • .. .....,. "\ "\..(11 ::. ..; .,.•' ,., • .... ~ • •., ., o.• •.. •· • . ·0 .. ~ ~1. J ·-: - : ... -:. ·~ :,. ~ • •• .... ~ o. ~ O• • •I• ~, l'r'.~. ~ ' ,,,,--:. ... • ~- ~ ~ . •

• • • •.o • '-~ &!. r ':\ .. · ~ • f? '- · .. o., •.. •.;,...; llol ~ ...... ..: •• .. ... ~- ••• ....= • • ,;•. ~ . I~ - .-~ •· .. ..c,,;, •.., -•• ~ •• • ~.; ·:, . .. ,J.. ~ ..: ...... : - V'" ~

;; /A"' f.:l:J ' r;..;, i~ ~- ' ' ' ''(;' ~-;_ (, .~ €, ' ; ,:;; ~"'~-~t: ! <. -~ 'e .( ;. ('; e 11;., &.·/!;', (~ '·: ,:~-·.:.~ ~· ; : .,(\ \r~ ~ e<; ~ , c () ~ ~ ~ e:.t,i; ~{ ~~ ,

..: -~ . ~ .J:!' ·~ ~ ~ • . ':> e.. " -; •. c'" r..,, ~ ~·· ~ (." ~· ~ : ~ ,t!'.t •.: .: <J·- '0. Cl J~ ., ts:· <r..i. ""':.. ,• -: •· ~ ~· r'J-;

~ \;~ ~ ~ .. -0 {,, ~ :: ~ ..:· ~ . v . a, . €. ···.t:, .@ ·.,,,/' .. ,~ ~ (i cZ" ta . -=, ":· . ~u . ~ -

A .,,,,. ,,.. ..11··· ···11··· (. € ~ &~· ; .: . G . •H.I\ I . •· \;> • ~ • - - •.

.:· .: ": { ~

. -

.·

~

0 -li, .. · .,,,,. .,,,,... .,,,.. ..,,,,-w C :: ' . ' . ~. :"..:·-; G . •. ..... .,,,,.. .. . .. '-i ..: e; ,.. • ..

'IJ\<' .• ,,,. '11••' ., if &· '::; . • . .~-· ..: . '" ~ :::.·. ~. . -:: .... , . . ,,,,. ..·· ..... . .. :: -:.... ,,,. - ~ ;,·.:··

.i -;

~· ~- . -.:

1 : -..: ~

.:· .:: . ..: ~ ..

.: ...: .. ~ -: ~

:1 ~-•. ..: ~ ~ .

~-

,,, .... ,_;: G ~. ·0 '° C f.: ..;:;;. r:;> -~ t,;. _ ~ -:· .:· • ~:-;_~ { ~. _ •• ,, ..... ' a) ~ • ~i. . ~;I G: --; . ~ : ! -:; .. "'=

, •• ., :~ :> s r.4:. ~ ~ ~c ~ (;, £ f:: ~ :.· _.:' ~-~· ;_·. I'\ ...n, '<:.> ~ ..: ..: ~ - ": .. -

'?\~ c - k 'ii ~. '-: ·. ~ ~. :: .: " . •• ..: "= j ::

Figure:28 .• . ~ ""' ... 1;\;€ r -:: --.· . .:.: .·-~·~. ·-:

-·" ".: §_.: ;, "· .: .. .: •· ~-~ L· ~ ,,. • ~ ~ ~.: -J : { ~ ~ cc-·.;,, ~ ~. ... :: ~ ; .. ,~ ·-· -= -·· . -·· 1 .·· ~ . Island Bluegill #10

(1cm=16.1m) t::'""'\ • ' :: • _c·: . 1'i1 .. .. ~ E .,:' . :; .. • .... -: ~ ~ ::, ~.. .... ~ ~ ;_ -. .·: :: i ~ t,.:..: ·.... .... . ... - ~ .. · ..... -: . .,:.

~.~:~ ... -;":..~ · .. ~ .. ~ ..... ~ ~~

~ .. f:·~,a c.~; U ..... •·ei..;•; •• ·.····.·.·,.p•· .. ·o • .,.o.: o., ••. o· ••o {!l t::) .. / ~ & . ,_:; f.·.~·.::::~:-.:~o:.-:~::.-..·._.: ;,:~~:~:.:',·: :·:·-:..-.-·-:;~· •.. :.:.;.:._-

H L'-... f,, <- ,r;)., tfP..•• "• •• • · : •·' •". •·••• 9 •• •· • o·.o• •' • •.····.a··" 'UJ' c. •. :"J ft\; •••'-:;. 'lt;_·; • .;.,•. ··: O ~ • •• • •• • •.a.• •• •,;: ;.;.a·•.·.• •. ; .a·.·.;.~; ;.. ::t • •

:""'I """' .. • • •• •t>• • • ·"·•o .... • •. • ••. '•o• • • • • o· ,. • •• • .o . • ... ·:· •• r,1-.. ~ (11, ~ ·:;~·~: ... •·:·.·.:•; ~:.· •. ~"t· •• • •• ·;-:•:•.-,.:_, •• ··:o.·-~ .. ; .. :;.·~·~;,· .

. •• •,':~:·"l · f:,;~· .... · ·"'··· • ••Q•• .•.•,.• ••• • ,o·, .•. •o•'•'•···· "o .•..• •',,Q. •. ··o- ..... _,·o.'·•: •. ·.·.; ......... • .. ·• ·':'-'·.~~ .~·.• •.•.. ·•.· · ····~· :· .,.'_.~·!'t,•., .• ·.•.,• .•. ,; .. ; a·•.·".·.:·····.•.~:~··.,,~.:·.··.;•.•,. .. :.·~:,• .. ;,•"•.·c:·•·o.•.••t

• 1 ·.O. ,· ••• : .,· .... ; • ~ :.• .~ •.o .. •:;: •. :.: • • :-·. o·. •o •• ·~. ": ~· • .• ~· •• •· .. 1·,. •;; : ... ~:: • • '·, .•••• :·o ·"'\ ~ ':.: .·4::.i • ,·o····· .••• •; .• · •. ··o·'' •. ·····o·••o .• ·,.··, ...... •··•· • ·• •·•·•· ••• , o~:· ··~· .·,.p.•.• ..

•. • • •• • • • •, • I• • I• • • • :· •• •• • • ., • • •. 11> • "Q # • • • • • •: • 0 1:, • _. • • •., "• • .,, • : • • • • .: • • O•I • • • ._ • • • ... • ._ • .; •• ·•· .. a.· •• ; •• •.•·.'.-.• •• • •. o·0 ·.,:· ·:•·1.•. ·o· •• •;· .... o.·.· •".o •.• ·•• :: ,.··.•;.·.•.• ••• • •• ··~·.· "•o··:., ... ·.o.·O· • ,.• •• ·.·• ·~·' . ..,·•~···••~·.·.·9·····~·.,'·••o·,··.-· • .o.o.,.•·a•·,·q·•·•···• • I .... ..... • . . . . -.,. • • ·• • • • • .. .o . • .• • . • . • " • • ' ... •. • • • • • • • • • • • o •• •. • '• : •o • ' • • • • • •• • • . . a • .. 0

. ·4.:·4'.;...- • ·,·o·.~ ... • o. ':'"•·.~-· •. •··a·,·.·~ ·.:;· ... ~:.o·.·~ .• .-.. .- ; ... ·,.:: .. C\.•.:.. :·.•o·.··o.:a·~!'~•·~;~··,: I .·:.··.;,.· . . ·~ ..... ·""'-· · -·,: .. · •. ~ ........... · .. ·.·.i,e.· .• ; ...... ·.·.·-.·o.·. :·.·.: .·.: .. ·:.::O~-·o.-,. ;.;.; · · .•;,.i:-~·;.·· 0.·-·

/ -: ·,. ·; ... :.·. • 1• -~. ~~· • .. • ,.o. • ..•.••. ·•· •..•.• · ...• , ·. . . . ..•· •• "·· ·°"•··· .. , ... •·•. s I ··: 0:: ~·:. ·,. !:.: -~: ··::·•·.~: i ~ :~ ~.. · ·• ~ ~ :. :~ •. •:: ·; ·~·:: • • -~·:, •:.- :· "·::.· :· :~: •. ::. ~ .: :· ~:.• ··::·0 '. :·o·: ··~_;.•o • •.• : ,·; .=.· -; : :.··. ·: I :~ ~: ,· ·~·. •· ;· -~:;. :~··. 0 .' -:.• . ; ..... o. ·.-1 .: ;o:.•. = ,·: .. · .····:; :-;·· •: ·. ··: ·. ·~ .'"o ~- ;:: ~ ··o·~ .'·. _.·,.,·.· . '· ·-: ..... :-.· .. • .. ~· .; ....

,.. 0 ... • • • 1 • • • •· • l , • . . • .. , •• , • . • ·.. • • • •. a • • • • • • a o • • • • • • • . . / ••• ••••• ,. · •. · .· .•• ··•· •• • • , .,, •• , • •• o •. ·.·o· " ...... -, .............. ,.,., ,..o...... . 1 .;.t:.". .. •."•:!·-:::•·.~:i."•·!;~·~ ;· ... ·:.: ~.O;~~.•;;i;.-;~.;:;:.:·3:•,·!·.~·.~:·;:.· .. ··~·.:o·.··i.:.•·o·.:,·,·..,·• . .; ... :..•o:•~•·~· · ••••• 0 ••• 0.,

0

<1 .•.·'· ., •• • ... •\' ••••• •.o, ·· .,'• . 0 • • ~ ••••••• °'•···· •.... 0·•.· .. o .• o······• ·.·•··• lt::a .·.; ~ • •• • ·• 0 \; .... ; ·; ·• • ·,·o·.-,. .·.•Ca. o: :' • • ·-· .:; • .. •• • • :.: : ;: ·: •! .' •:. :,,•. · ;.: ,• • • ···•.• · :. • i; •: ,: -:·o: • •. ~ · 1 • ~ •• • •! · .' •. ~ ! ~ :, ~ • p

/."••·•·•·'·'··•··.• ••• ,,,,. t, ·ll· '~ 0 .- •• ·•·o•·· ~ .... , ...... ·•· •···~·····• ·•••. ·• • Loe •• • .a • • 0 •• ; • ,._ .... o .... t>,,.11 ., o.t' .. •:.; , .... , ~ •. '·•·°'·•· • • o • o .,. o "O'' •• ~· •• -•.• '.• ...... :~; .... ._ 0• .;• ...... •• ,. ••• ••••"• ... ••o• •• .;.o•., ••..• · .• •·-.· ....... • •. 01 •••• o •••• , .,._ ••• - •.• ., .- •• •,":•• .......... 0 ••• , , .... o.•·······'·'··· •o .• ···~··o·-.~· ......... o· .. , .. •· ·•··. ······.C!•;v• .• ,;.o: ·····!· · .. !· ••.• '!'; ...... ···.:·-- ••

• 0

·, .... •,. ., ·~ .• ••. •. ~ •• • ! ~ .• ~: 1 • .~ .·:1.i; • •. •.::,,: ! .:i.. .• -.·:o. ~ •. •o·. • 1. •': • ."·• • • ·.~·. ·.o• 4' •:, "<Q ... •:0 •• ':. :• • ~ : ,• ; • .,:.• :~. 0 • I c.. \,.:, •• , • • o., ~··= • ll'" •-.• .::11,. • •••• :t ··~·•. ·o·.• •• ·; • • .• .o· • :• ·~ .• .• ·o· •.·• • • •. "•' • • .·. • • • ··• ·•·• •. • .·: . . ': .• •

.,•# • •,• ... :.•ft O.JL ;. ·' l"•t.• • o• .,••a•• 'I• o, .•••• C1'"'-.••••."'•••••0•'•.: • O •,. e ., .... .J • m r.:-:3· 0

• •• ·o • .. O• • ·.: •• • ·"· .. • • ·r ·.·o· ·;. .. •• ~ · "'. ·•·• • .• • ,· • ., ~·.· · : •• • -?· ••• • •• ·.• ;o· • •. • ; •••. ..,,,., • ~\ ~,· •

1 •. • ·• • •••••• .,. : .····•ot •"• .... · !'·' •.•.'-.·• ~~··~. ·.·o·· o• •· ..... o· ·~·· ··• .··· ........ • ..... "' 0 •

..... (:·· .,. f:J •::•. •.,;.-·~·:·•· •• : ••• :.c::.~·~·.;."", ~=·~ •:.-,.~ ;;:~ ··~· ... ;.o:- ·,·-~;; :::.:··:·: :':· .. ;·:..··:o.·.:-~: . .-:.·· .• ·.·-~· •. .-:. """" . :-.... •0:. ··.::. :• •• ·, :1.'·'·.·~r .o·.• .· •..•.. :, ,· • •· .• • ·o-.•::o·•·· .. •;~ · .. ·.·•··· •.•. ·• ,., ..

I'.. ~ ' •.. : • ·,.• ··• . • .. ~ i• ···• .·o·: •. •· .•;.':'.•:.!· .• '·.;.·. c.:··fl·.•.o :. .-,.. :..~.-:···# •• ; •.• ._ .o, .• ·.·: ,· .. ·::.•.• C ~J ~·;··, ~ f'h ·~~·.·"·o:.•·:~:-:-~·:.0~.·:···~~::o:J1 ·'.,· .•.• o.·,··a·.;~:·;···; ·,·. 1 ·:~~.0::.-.;~.·;·o-.• .. •.•:.··:·C?··C:·:·:-·: .•. _· ~'! .. • ~ ·'I~·. -....;~ .. ·:;.••o••.:•,o.,.t.• .. •._ .•· ..• • •.. ;..•.,e.";-. •.•.o . .•• •,•.••:·.:, .;.•.•- .• •!!.•.•:~; •.•. •

"'* '4.J.°.# f"• ~··~ (-t •I"• ' • ; ' o•' • .• ., • • • • .• • • (· • • ' • •,, • • • •' • • • • •. • • • • • •• • o• • • o • • • .·o ' • • o • • •' • . G.·· • •. • (•. ~ ~ ~. ;.:-: '. • • .• ·• : .;,,: :.O ::• .. :: •-.;.•·:. ·.:• :tf: • ::~ .; ! • cl•':•.=:; .; ·,;: ~ ;,. ': :·=·~; .: '•1.; '=• •• ::: •.: ~ ;·,o,.:,·, •i ~ '•• c. ~ I f • • o • 0. I • • ~·. •.,• .• • e •' • "• •· .J. • .. I• •• • • ~ 0 • • • • •• • .o,. • 0 •6 •• • I • •• 0 • ' • • •

,. ••• • • .......... Q• .....::.• ••• • •••• 0·1·· t. .•.... ···'.· 0'"'·• ., ••••• -. •••••••••• - .... .

I -c ~· ... •,.•.•··~·, ... ~, ........ ·'~· ··•···~·•••o .• · •. ·., ... ·.a.···.:.:•.·.:o·· •···•.'-·':.; .., ~ ... ., ... , ... ... ~:: :·.:. :~~.: ·.;,. i .o: ..... · ':··=-=·: ..... .... :.·1 :: :..,: ·:-=-:;:: .·.; :i-.;. ·~: •.; .i ~: \'! · •. .-.:.: •••.•. ~-::: ~ .··; . .-: :·.;: ~'~ '"~ l··0 ...... · ...... '• ···~,·. ·~..:· ··~·· .. ·1·· ..••. ,.• .. " •.• • ... o· .o •• •· •• ·.·:···C..·•····•.p· 1,;·, \!:_"' -· ,.., .... ·o·,.~:.:;.·.:,,.o. ·.·.:····~·,·~; •. • .-.-..-:-...., ·.~:.• .•. ·.··.:..:o:··.··.: .. o':'·"·:.•-.,:•; •. :.··:·:.:·~.· ··~,:,o .•.. •.,··

,... '(';. f;. • •• ·.•·.· -:· • • • • ~ •• • .o •. • • • • • • ~ .,.. • • .• . •• • ·•·• , .... o •·.: . .: • ._.' • ·' ·• ··!'·,a:•.· •O . • •· .~.: '• • .•,G: ............... ·' 'W . ·• • . ·' •o •. •. • ••.• .o •. o,. ·•. o ............. , •. , ... • .·o.· ·•·· ... '!" ••• o ·o··o· ••• · .,. • .o •••• -~ ":.o•• .,.

{.!" C··~·.~J G •• •. ·.: ,· .':.., •. ,. • •• • • • • •o. • • • •• o. •-. .• • ••.• ·· • ·. •. • .i •.. •.'·•a .. •· . •, •. ,. • . • .,• ., . ., o • •••• • • • • •.,,: • •• • ' ~ ., •• : ••..••.• '. ·0•' •• ., •• • •••••• •, ..... ta. •• ·.; • ., ............ •.· ... ·,·.-.. •• ,. • •• • •••• •• •• : : •• o ••••• • •••••• •• •••• ·.: •• r.; cf-' ····.• . .;•o. ·••· .o···•·o~·O·#•o •• ·d· .. ••.• • ....... ·,o·•.·, ...•... ·,. •Q•'. ·•.•·•,.,····::ta. .. · •. ·.· ..• ··.·

~ ~. :·~ ';;: ._.-... .: :·;:,:··: :~.~·.: ··:· 0·,.:0-·:.- .. • .Cf:::·~·.·:•,.::;•_ . .;;.°_·,;.•:· .. · !'::;~~o.~ ·~·~··.·· .. ; o.·:..:-:··:· .. ·:~:···.;·:. ~ .i~ ,,•:•.•.' •'• .:~· •• • •• ~:· ' ..•• •t•O":. ~: .:...~:. .··.,;.,•:-..:. ~ •.•.•.:.•.: •• •• :-· 1·.-.;.~· • .;.·:.·o·•:: :·. •.o::: 0 •• •..:: .-:•;,.•:=:····.-. •:::~.-

..., \j"" • '• • • JJ • • • .. • • •• • • • • •• • ., ..... • ' • • • t> • • • •ca•• o• .. • ' • • ' • , •-:_ ' ••• • o • • .'. • • ·•·• • • • o ~ • • '• • ·o • • • ..f'T\... A ·"::.··-.~·.-: ··~··~ ~-·· .. ~·--.·.•.·-;·.:!~:. .. ··: .. -.:·-: ........ ;···=~ .......... ::,.:.,: ·,·~~~. ';, ··= ·.:.:!·.O'':·~.:.t>:-;.·.·~; ···~·-.·. -:.~ •. -. t: ' . • .......... - ., • • ... • ' •• • •.• 0 • • • • • • •• cl • • • • •• Q • • • ·- • • •••• 0 • • • • • • • - •• ' • ~ • • • • • • • • • • •• • 0 • • • • ... ... • •• • . "" • • • • o .• • • • ' •-a• • •' ' 0 - • • • • '•o • • • • • ,. • • • : ... • • • • • • • • ~ • • • • :" •' • ' ·o • • .. • 0 • • • • • • ... • o ' • • • " • Q • • •: • f..•"" ~·; •• •;.,·':·~··t::•1 .• ·.•.,· .• ·,; .. ; • ·•··",•,:····.·.•.··~··o··o.,.•.···~·'·ca· • •'.'O:•.·;.,·.o.•·:.•·:·:.•· .. ·9;:.'.:"· ... ~ \:. ·.:-· •. ••• •• : ·• ·:• ·• !• -~ ·.o •• ~· _..,. =~ ... :•:•·, .•... , ..... :· .•.... ···a.·~·.·•. ·1··.·:.·o"';.: .•. ~ ·•. • . ~-·. ~· .:• .• ·• ·•• • .•• :.<t·· , ' :·:,.:-o.·•·•·~~········o.·•·.··'·.···o·•·•.:~·,.:·,, .... ~ ..•. . • .. .:··. ··~····;•.• • ,· •. ,.•• .. : .·;:.•.•!:• ,. :o·: ... • ••. •

"""'" ~ ·•· •. :1•.· . ..... ,·. ·•··· • ·•·•. · • -·.: · • •'• ·•• • .• : • • ·•• • •·······o·•· • ·-···o· · .:• ,.,. •'· '· •• • .· • . ., •• •••• .,,,,• .. • • •• •• 1.•• I 1• •o• ••• O•• •• •1• • '• • •.••• • .,•. •' , ...... • ~ ............... ,, .. •·.·.·,.·.~ ··•·········.·•-o.;.;;:. ·.:.~~··.- •• •.;·: .. ··-.-.·.;:: ...... , ... • .. ; ... • .• ·.•.·:·;,,,..~: • • • • • • ........ ••• -o • • • .•••.• ,, • • • •• • • • • ... • • • • • ••• o ••• '... w • ., •••• ' ••• •• •• • •• • • • • • • • • • •

~ ;:~ 0,. ... ·;.,•.'#..,•' •. ~·· ·.·~ .•,..•••'Q• • .• :•·•· i.: •• • •,O .. :···: ... ·.·•.'·:."·•' • •.;, .o_' •• ....... :·.•;• "· •; ••• • .... , .... •."•.•., .: .• \~-~--:.•:. .. •,. .• • •.·.·:1: .·,.: .• · .. ·······'··O•··~: :.o: .... •.•0-.·····11· ·"'··' !• .·~· •. ~· •·••.o,'•,: ••i'.•·o.•O·.;· .• • •. •:•:.··~::.tt·.-·~::i~· :•:,;·0 •• ·,o·•·~.-.~ ~::.•;• .• ::~:· ... •::.'·:.··,·:.'.~: •,e.:··= '.~ ~.···:•···:;::.·;.~::·:·.·:~~···:~:: ~.·. •• • .• •• ••• • .•. .•. •• • •., ... • • •• , • • • • •Q• ,• • .-•. • • • o ••• • • •. • • • '. o•• .o • •. • •••• · ••• • •• •. -:. • •• '. ·• • • • • •··. ••· • .• • ... • • • ·• • • • • .o·,, _,,. • • • ,. • •. ·•. • • • • • • • .•, ... • • • , .,.. •* • • •• '• • • • ·c:i.• • •••• • • ~ • •,• ~ •• • • ~ • • • •. ···' • ••• • • .. :' • ;o. ·•. • 1 • •••• 0 • ••• •; • • •' • .•. • '-. • • , ,. .. • • 0 • •• , • .. • •• a•,, .•. ,, •. , .• • .• ;:a.• Figure:29 ·•· • • •• •·• •·• •. • • .•,•· • • •• , •• •,• •• ·.•• • •·· •01 •. •. • •• • ". • • ·o··•• •• •. •• o• • • • •• ..... ·•• • .•. ·•.• . ., .• ,, •.·o .. •.·o·•·····" • • ·• . • • ... • •.. • ••. •• .•. •;:-.·· .. ~··.-··.: • .. :.:-•;·~.·- .,·.· ;· ·-.· .• · .......... ·.:.-•. ··~;.;..!··.·.· .· ._ ... _., ' . . ·.:: 0. :'·.·

• •:. 1 ;, ··•.• :. • •.-. •• • •' •• • ••• \ •• ,· •• ~ ••: .·~· ... c. , • ,: ....... --._ ~ ~J'• :' • .,. ..... 0 ?. o,, ~·· •· • '• •• .• •• •.; ·' •• ·~· Island Bluegill #5

( 1cm::::15.4m) ··.: .. ···. ··: ... :'········ ~- .. ··~·:.-~··:;~~:.•::;.•::-~.:.~·-.····:·-.··,·.···· ... ,·:.':.· .. :· ... ·.; .... :.~.

M A I N L A N D

-...J 0

H I .r.~~ . ., .. u:' - \I ~ \ ·: .. '.' t~ 'i..:. t~·~ •""'-' ·"1'· ·"'·· ... 1" •1-. ..... } • ... ,,;: "",l "

1''· "

1'- u ··''·· .••• 11,, ··'"'' ... 11 ... ..... .

...... , .•• ;rwwt.. ~ ~· "} ~ •. :\"' ..... • •• ~- i>' '• ... 1,.. . ·"'·· ·""'-. ·""'·· \l . ... '" _,,,,__ ~,, ,,,,, .. ~. ·"'' ·"· ·~ • •. l • ./ ~ ) \ ' ..• ~ . . .... ··''·· ··'"'·· ,,11, ·" " .. 11., ,,111.. ·' " " •, I •

...... ...., • w l"'\} C:., ... • \· ·-~ ~ ,\t ,,\,, • ,.111._ I "\\/11 I ,\\I, ""\ A '· "'' .... . ... .... . .. I I .... '· ,,, I . ·'"

·"'· ' il\,.J' ., \ C -..._ '· · \,I \-.~.: · '• ,,lft. . ...... •''''' ·'' I,,,· t " I :;r' \; .. ' ~ : II • ""'·· ··"· ...... .. • ··'1'·, ,;iii,'' .• ll .. ..11:.· ·'"'- .··'""

•• 1 ...... ::i. ~ e ~ G .... ... . \ ... 11... ..... ··, .. • ··'""' ~ ..w ,,, .. .:.1,,, •. 111,. • •• 111 .... • :· ... ,.. • ·"·

o\li,_ •'"· .... ' : ..... \'II, "\It. ..• It:" I!!' ,It, ,11/1,_ .. \If,, \\II • '. " I

·''·· ''''· ·"·· ,, ~ ~ ,, ("~~ .... ·., , • '~ c.r -,,, ,.,,,, :1'1''·· .... ,,"':':f.-c .·'\j ~·.'\ -~'' ··'''·· ..•• 1,. ..u... ,.,;' '• ·'''· ·''''· '''· ' ., ·'' ft....;:" ' A \•'\•) •1'' •' I -- ·"''• ,,\U, ,,111. .. ..... • •. 1&1

. II , . ' • .. • \ • ·' '. ,, .. ,. ._.,.~ • •'''''· . •. ''"'· ,\,, -"'2 c ~ , . ' I .. . . ·''" .1111 ·""''· ,o\I.,

.111. ·"""· ·~ ~ ~ .. ~ : •. ~ .. 111. ·''• _., '• :, .• .II•._ o\I .. •'"" 11 " 11 " ~ ·~ :,.,,, .. 111, ••It .•1

' ... • 'j ".J • ' • f',".'.l ~ .. :> ""' ,;;~,'·· · \\:,•. ,;1. ,,;,., "11" ·'

11" "'''· .• ,i .... ..._ , ·""· " . ·•'

11"· "' 'I •• ilfi, '"

, .. ·'''· '"l. ~ """" ~ "' , ma··'· . .. .. · ··"·· .•"· s ,, ... 111., ..,., ·'"· •• '· ,,

@ .. ...,,... ·~ f·~, ~···?> t· rp.. \i~ """' r!i'.,,, ·•"'• ·'"· ·• \ •'''· _..\! •• • 11,. '"· .. 11. \ .•"'- .• • "'''· .11. I .. lt. ... ~:r

0 ~ :-: ~ '" ~ ~ .··· t. '''•, ·'' \ ·''· ·'''· . ,,,,,, .••. '"'· . ' .,,, _.,.,,.. ·''' '''''· ·'' (,~· •••• ,. ~:·, • ,c'!>J ..... , ~'.'l • ... ..1... ·"· " ,,\, ··"· .......

\ ~ ·. t:::r \""j •'''• "" '"'· ·"· ""' "'· \""• •"" ''' ••-. •' •, \ ·"' I/ ,11, "'· .• 11 .• •;o.'.·•. , ....,.,,. "' 1)· ."'1 .,,.,... • ' I M - ' ......... , ,,, ·••••· ... • . .... ..... ' •'"· ' . II .• 11, -. I ••••

0

• ' -;j ~ i>J/ ...... , '"" Q I' ... ,~ ... • ' • • · "''• .•I•. ,Ill._ • • 111, '"' • • ,._ ·"''• "''" I "" °'' •'•1 It \

11 •f. .' '•. •

1

• • : ' • • A'1. {) ":} :\ .;;;I ~ '".J " ,,,, .11. ,,11

'· .''· \ ·''· · ''·· ·' • ,\•t .. ''· ··' .... • ,, ,, ·•· •• ,,. ''· : : •• • ... :·:.·.a. ··:a·:•o t•··~ : ~ ,• ~··"' 't,jf ~ ',:;~ •'''· · '• ,,,1

• .~11.. '. · .• •. • • 1 •• \'''' ti .·''• ,,\/, • 0 .,. • ~ '. 61• t o .. .... ~• 1 ~4. •°':. • .. 11 • ;·o. • .... •·.~., ~ ""' " I' r'\.., ' • ,1\1, .. ''• , • .. • • .·• '• • '0 • .' ,_.,."" - • ()" 'o "Q, • •'

0

• .l, •'• 0• • o" •. • 0• • • I ..• ·•" 1 •• • • .• •

'·:·t c.-·111 1 " " 11' '' ·'' 1• 11 '··' • o• •"'•'' t • ···~ .. ·,. •. , .•• ··••'•···a•:' ·•· t • • •· • •• •·.•. ··•·o• ·o·0.0

" ' ..t.'\ ' ,_.,.., ... u,· ~ .. ~:.. •'''· ,,/ .. •.o• ·"'·· .• :: :" ••. •• •• : .. ·'o'• · .... \ .~.: .•. -:· .. .;.·.·.;,.i:-···o··.·.o·. a·\ •·'· •'.•.o.,•.·!·.·.o·~.,,;.-~·~ ... , .• • • .. •·.· t\17."i~ ..-- . · ·.. · • •••• , ••. •,.o•• ., • •·•"•·a···o" •.. ,,. ·6•• ..... • , .. ··•• •··•• • '· '-•.;t~ ~I ""''· .'!· ._~:::;•";'.".' !'",- •.·~ ~.~: .. ·~~,:.,.','a· 0.':::~. •.°···~ .·,"•• ".\·~:~·:~··1 ·.",·0:: 0',!'.·•.;'·,~· .. ·',;,:.•\' .•' o,? .. ;:;,;l>·, .. : .;:~-.·.·:'jj.""'?'·'.:o::c

-.~: .- 0. • • : :.·"::·:.-: •• ~ •• =·""·:. ·. ~- ~·· .: :. .. ~ :.~ ::·'? ·:':·<!~ ·: ; : .: . '.o .• :._.::. q,· •. ;, • •. o .. ,.~ \'.,;: ~·:~·~ ·.: ·~ ·: .··:..: ~. ~ ..... .:,. ••• : ~ o:···~ .; :.• ~:·: ... :·= :~·.~· :~ ·.·.-:: ;,,,'. r.; :·: : • .'; •.:, ::·.-.~:•: :·:· •. •;o •: ·~ ·: ?:.: .~ ';'-:~ ·~ :•• ';.: ?·':.:.; ~·.". '·: : ~ ;'; ·~ ~.J.; .• ~: ".: ·~ •: ~. •: ; !': •; ·: ·• • •· ~ Y· ·~\i:: ~: / ~:: ~ .... ~.~ .;. ; :~ ~..-:.· ;..,:-\~· ' ~o •; ::,•. ;. • :· .' ;, ·: ;:.;~ f:i .··~·.; .-~: -...? ,'•'."!'.; .. ~"'.."r·:•·~· ~.·~;: ~::;o,:.; .. · ... ·:,.: :~-:.·;0:~ ;o;o···!:.•:· .. ·','.' .~· :: ; : ~· •. . • :.~·.·~';; ...... • "· :ilt;".•·:"·; ~;1".•;•:.··•o' •. 0-: •. :0.-.~:::;••:'c,~·.1·.:.~o·•~·:, .. :.•·: ;.'"•:.. .. ··•.-..:.··:·.·~····· .. .;:::o:··:•.;·.·.:····.:•;"'·:·• .. =-a,:,.o ••. -.· ... -"'•:o.:~-: ..... t·; '·. ~··'''' .. ,. ·;.o.::·-·.~.'."-: .. · .• ·:·· : .• ~··:':-·:;•. ·o··.;.•·?·· .• ,· •. .,~ .

• ···•.· "•"·' ·•·• •• :.· ••·· ·• •. a .. ·--·.o•o· ·- •..•• •. '· •.•• .•. o I . . . •• t. • •·~··· •.. 1 o ,._. .• o ••• , . .. • ........ ···' ··o•• 41 •a 'o o ., • Cl, •

0

, " • • ', • • • • • • o • o • 'o • .c. • , • • , •, •, -· - ;. • • 1 • • " • • • • ' 0 • • • • • o' .... I 1. • • • • • • o • • • b • • • '• • "'° O • • '• ,' o. • • '•" 0 I • I • • • • • :. .• • • • ., • • •• • f' , •• " •o• •·• • • ~ .• .• • • .•.•· • .. - •. ~ • ... • •· •· •·• ··•.· •. ;.,. . • '•· ,.11., ' • .. • • .... • • • • • • .• -.• .• • • ··"o' • , .• · •'<l ••• • • • · .. ~~:: ,• .. c,. ".. •. ~; . .:,•.:.. :: .: •. o:·~··> .. •:.;.·.: ·:.' :: ; ··'. :.; ~·!-''.::·a.:.~•: •.. ·"" • ,:; o.:. ,.11._ ·' • . • • .' ·"!.;.ti;,._.•:~· .• ·"J· • • :.: o.:.; •. • .... o·: ... ~.-..... ; ·-. · .. ;

•, •.- ...... ••• • ·o , • '> •• , •• • • •• •• • • • o • • p • •• • • • •• • • •. o. I • •·, •. 1 , I ' .. 11, .. 111~ •' , • • .. ,1/,. •· • '/. • 0 • • , •·• , •. , o,, • • 1 •• • ,.,.,.

. ·C.-.":·.·:·.: ~··:,a~ ~ ·, ·:. · .. o :.·· = ;~·:~ :·~: :"·":·o.: ~ .-. : :- :4 ;.~·. :··.•.~ •• · .!' •• ; ~ ·~··.o:: ~· ;.;. ;.~ ._.-.:. ~ ... '·· '"' :.11... ; :;:.-.; · · · ,,111.: • , .·.: ~~·~: :!".· ·.•·, :·:.· . .-.'·'r·· :.0

;: • ~:. • •;: .. ~· ·. • ! .: :.·~:. o • 'o· • • • •::. ., • !' •· • o .• ''•, •• •• ~ '?: • .. :·:--: •· .,. ·• ~ ~ o.' •• o-. ·, • • ';• .,. ,-. • • ,11, • :· ·11,., . .11.. • "· • _.,:. •• : ·, • .>It., .. -''"· lr . •. o •; o .; • ·• •, : ••. ;, ·~:: :. ;,.; ;. ";, '• ·.: ........ '.; : •" .• ·•. • ": · / .".~· •• ._ . :.: ;:-. ·:: ~ :• ·.o::: '

0·':: • ·.o.::; a·, ·,. • • •·• · •;, · ;-'. ~ "':·." .' .-: • 0°• , 11 , •. •If-. ' 111, -.-.~:_.'·· , 11, ,,\\t,.I •.: ·, .: •:··=-=·~· .. •ir.;.•.• • •: ;; : .:. .• :

•·•i• •O•' .,•. • • "••·•····• o. •• .• 0•• • • • •"•·••••.-.•"''•• •"t • .. • \: • •"•o • /, ., ,..., •• •• •••••_,,••.•. •• ···• .••· .0···•·

0'"·•0·1·

0" •• •·.·.-.·-.·.··.~.·.·.·•· •. .,·.• ... ••• .,··.0 • 1 ·~··~·••·.o·,··o· ·o·:'···· ·'''· ·•"'·,'-I•'>·,.·.···''''·· .... 11 •. \ . 0 ~··!·.·::.·.·, .... · .. ,' ... ··~·:.':··· •••••• , .•• • ••• •• o ••.••• • •• ····• • •"•'' ,. 0 .• ........... 0.,11, •II'"'·•··· ( ,'o•.••o•··· .. ~ ... •.·. •, ~ ;.~..;:, ~ ~;·.; ~o :·; '; o; ~~ ;,:.·:· :·; :·; .; : ~·: ·; ~::.:-:·;: :' ;; .. ·: •: ~~'.·:~ :~· ·.: ·~·::-; :/·:·:::-..:":.>'::-::•:··.•;".·.'· .. ,,;,' '· . ~, ·.~;-'.o'.: :'''·· '"'"1 •:. ·.~ -~~; '.~ :::··o·.·a·.~·.:·.:~ :.-:::• ~·~~ .C: :':

•• • ••• • • • .. • ·•·• • •. o • .. •• o •• • • •• • • • • 0 -.. q ...... ·o .... ·" • • I .. -. 111 °" · • · 0 111 •• o. ._ • • • • • • • • ·• • • .... ~ ·.·:,·•o•. ~ ··: ·,.•,°?•."o''.•~.:D•.· •:•::>;·o···::-:. .o.-;;•.:.• . .;.i, ~:•;. ·o': .. '. ~:=-·•.~: .. ·,:··~· •' .• ._; 1., " '" ': •.·o·:.;.~ .': ·) , ~· .•:·· :.:-..:-.;··.•.•o.·.• •. \·;.-:.,.·,·: ;•, ••••••• •.•.••·••'.·.·.•·.·.

0•-:•.•.•,"l······:·•·•.,.',, •.•

0•.• ·: •• ·.•; ............ , •• ~ .. , ,,11., .. .v., , 'lie.···•·••"~·, .• .,o•;,.· •• •.•o.•,o·,,'·.•.•6'•",i.''

.. ~,·, . .=:o.!; .... ;_;:.··:'·.';·.-.:·.o;i·.·~···•:o··:,:·•.:·.~·,·.· •. ·~;; . .-.:·;~·.'.·~!···.•·.'.·····.... "'. "·o·•.····.•.• ::;; .. ::.-.:;·•.·:,·.; .. ·~··.'·."···-· ~-.•.,".:•,; .. ; \ .••.•• :~.·.•.·.'• ••·".·!q···~·.' • .• :o· ..... ;,.~ •·•· .·•.• .•. :•.•:::::.~o·,":·a :, ,111,-: .. M • ._ .•.• \,'.'•o';o;~={ .•• ; . .;.:.'·.:;.:·.·.·-.:.o·.··,··.:,.••.:,·· • •.o ,•• • .•. • •,•

0 •• ~ ., •• • •• • •• o ....... •• ,•' ... • .• • • •'•,•o.••o•.•· •·• ·••'· • • ~· • , ' • • • , .. • • • •I ... • •• •I)• .. • ·.Q • ...,~ • •,, ·, .·,· .• ·• "•'• • • •• • .. • • • • • ·o· • .• • •• ••· • • • • • • . •• • •o •· "• • • • • • • • •• "'· .,. •'•:I•. ,,,, ··' ,.,.., • •. •· • o,. ,.. • . • • • ., ·• • ,. . ·• • . • 11••• • ••• •• ·•·•·•·:·,•········ •'· : • • •.o•• .•. , •. • • •• o.,, •• ,.·•.·•· .. -: ....... , •• :. .. " '· , ..... X·'·"t .... ·.·o1·····0':"•.• •.· .•.• JI"•• •• •'•

.-. :••'•,, .o .... ~··"·' • ..... • •• •'. • :•:,.:: ,.:.•:••",. •, •. t •1 .·,.,. .• •• ; •:o· ·•.o 1·.· .•. ,•o .• .•11. ·•'-. • ~,·, • ·t· !• ; '•• • • • ·•·•• • •Q• '·.• • • •' :.• ~ """'·

••. • •• •• ·.:.: :~·· ;:;,·; ~ ··:: ::~·~· '!'. ... ~. :•·" "-: :·: :.•" : .: ::·.-. : ••• :·. -::.~:·;.~: ~·."·.:~ ·:· ••• : ;-: !";'.~:·.~:;:~ ·:-. .. \11.. • ·: ·..:•.:: :· ·~: ·:.:· .: ;:-:~ ·:..; •: ~ .. • ... o:.;,· . .-_..: ;:.,:. ? ·~, · ·•· ·. · •.•· :··· · ·· · · ·• • ·• ::.-:f.·:·•·a•. • :• .. ·;: .. -.. .;,·.•: ......... ·•·=~ ,;i ·.~.,··:•: •. . :;·:·:O:··~··:;,. :·.·~· ·: ~· ..... ·-·.'··; .. :;·.;·

·- · • • 'f ~.~ .• . : 9 . • ... • .•. '· • :· · • •• • • ·• •:. • ., • • '· . : .• •• • ~ ·.o , .. •,, , •• , '; • .• •• • ·• ·• •. • : · • e. • ·: !~ •• · ...

X Y .. , ........ ~·:.·• ...•. -. •.. ~. '·''· ....•.• · .•...... ; .. •_.,_.~ ·····-o·•·:·., ....•• ··:··. ' . . . '.• :_~ ....... :;. ;'.:·.::~····' ":.'• : .. : .... ~:·:;. . ; . .-.~·:· ...... ;: ~

Figure: 30 Bluegill #6

(1cm=10m)

B

• o..r "'V ' ....... ·,, ·••··•· .... , .. (- '?) m . . ... ,,_ ·''''· .. ··1•·. '"'· ·''"'· 7 2 0 "'9' ~.... ··''··I.. ''''· '''· ... lo ·'''·

0 I•., f ,ttl,0 '"'• ''"'· '" ··'''''• •' ~ .. "'1 r . • • •\I '' • · .. ' J • ., •. ·'''''• ··''''•. ,,\ '· ... /. ··'''•

.. ~ ~ •• ~ .. 1••. ·'''·· ·'"'· ... '·· •• •. • .......... 0 ..... ·"'·· ·'''·· ·'''·.. :...... ""·· .. 111.. ··''

~ "··'"'•· .•'"'-. U ,,It,, •' I,, • •._ I "''•. ,,1,,, ·•'"• ,\It, ,,11, ... If,. ,.\II,,

(. -/•. " .. .. '· ,,, ''· . .. ,, ·'"'· . ··''·· .. . ·'''· ·'''· ·"· . :' .(;.: ,,,·,, •' .. ··"·· ', ,, 1'·": . 9'-...: • ''""· .• ••. ·''''·· • " • • If • . \ • . ··'''• ·'''• 1• It I •'''''· ·'" . . ·' '•. . ~ f .. ..... ''''·· ,,, .. .. ,, ' ·'··

.:. "!. '''·· •• '· ··''· ,,11.. ·'""" ··' -- ';/ .. ~,'·· ........... :tt-.... .. . . ··'''· ~'··· '"•·. ·''·· ·'"' ··'"'·· .. 11., •

'.:i.i ·'"'· "''- . '"" ·'"' "\ ~ ,,,.. .. ..:.;. ..... '11 '· f ··'''·· • ·""'· 't . . .. ,... .. . .. ·''' .::·,,. \ . .. ··''· ··''·· ~........... ··' "· ... ,. ··'''- ..,, .. ~II,, ·-'"'·· ·•""'" ,111.. • -. ,•Iii. • \ ,\II, 't: ·-' "1' lc,t l\11, .... """\ , "'''·· • ,.!11, .It. '

·'""· \11. • • ··'''· .111 <tir . • • .. ,, ·"''·· ·""'· •"• I -' '• ''"· 1i . ,111•. . • ·~·· 0:2. \~.·} ~1 ·'It, ·'"'J\: ' \I \11 '

.. '"'·· •• • :;.,, .-~"·· • .•• '·· ·"·· .111. ···"·· \ ..,, v - ,,\1, ···"·· ·"'· \: '1'" ··"·· .... ;: ·: •• ··' ........ .

•'''''· .11. I ,1\lt ·'"'•· I ... II . I. ''l. ~ C • ,111, ,\I~ 111, • •, "'"'· ;, • ,,,\\ '·· II ·'' '•. \ ~ ..Jf' .J_ ·•''• •• 11, ·'"'· \: "''· ··'''•· II ··'"'·

.... .•' '·· l ··"·· .••• "'"·· .... ,.:. •. ,,,, '"·- \: ''· "'· .•• 11,,:· , ·'"'· •"

1

'' ''1•· ·''\

1''• I •' ' , t'., .• , ~'"•. ··,· '• ·'1"'• ··''\f,,. a1: .\.: • 11 •

00

,\ 11,0

·•' '•. ·'"''·, '\, ·'''''• .,\ I. \ ·' ' •I~ ,\I/,. ,,1, ·'' •. l ,\Ill,,··'"'• ,\\I, ., t Ol> ,•' 11,. i\I ,ol 1'• ·•11< 1\1 I • • ' •. II ' 11 '•

,, • ·"•·. ··"·· · ·'' '· ' ,, • , • '· 11. •' '• r' ·••'·· •'' 1,

"· ·''"'·· ··'' '•· ,,U ''' '''''· ,,,,l, ~ t '- ,1l1 •. ··' • ' • ( ··'''·· ,,,.,. • • ·''''·· ·'''''· I" ,,\I._ I ,, . • •. • . ··' '·· ,, ...... ·'' ,\ , •. •. ·'''· ·'' .... \''''· ·'' ''·· ··' "•. &''""· ' ·''''·· ·'''· ..• ,.. ~''''•·. . ·'"' . . "'''·· ··"·· ). ·'"''· ·''''·· \: . ,,.,,. ·''. . .. ,, •• f· ""· ··"'· .. ,, ··"'·· . • '• \lit ·'"·· ··'"'" "''· ....... ··"· ' ··'"'·· ""·· "'·· '"·

,11. ·' :;,, ·•"'· ,,,II.. IU • •· '''''·· ·''••. • '''''· ''· I ''"'·· ,, •.. '"• l • \t. ,,\\11,,. • ,1, •' •. ,1\11, ,.. '•. .\II,. ' ·•I, ·•"• •'"· ·''''· •. • '· ·'"'•. \I •• ,11,,

....... ""~ "·"•·.· ·~:.: •. ··"·· ·'"" ·'"· ... ~····· .::;~· ··.:.11. '\ ,111,.. ·'''· ·'''··· ·""· ·''·· ···"··.I ·"'"'·. ···"·· .·~ '·· ,,,,,, ·"'· ··'''"· ...... ··'"'· ,,, '·· .• "'· ··"· :\ ··'''··· ··'"'·· . ·'"'·· ... 11,J, ·''''·· . ·''''· ,,\\11 ·~-"·

" ·'"" ··''·• '"' " \f ..... ... ~I' otf/, ''''•, ,,, '' ' ' • ' ..... •'"'· . .1\ll1.. ···"·· .• • ··' •• ·"·· .... •••• • . ,, ...... , ~ . • •••••• • -~ l .• '· ··'''· ..• •. ,\Ill • ·"· ,,,.,., ''"'· ,,,1 1 • .• '· . Q ... • ••• 0 ~ ••• .. ·•i •• • • ...... • .r ..... .:·

"'· .•' ,, ,11

, ·'"'· .-''''· '"· •'' ,, ,.· ,,_·, ·;,; ~ ~ :•. 0 I .-··.!'".. '. :·!"'·· .~. ··'-·• • • • . .,. o ._ • •' • : . • "''• ·''''· I I • ·'''· ~ • • • • •· • • • • • • • • • • ~ ·•. • " .. # • • • •· •

:.. o ·, · '.· ... • ·, • .. • ' ·:·, :·;.... ··' '· '· ,,,.... .. -·!·· '.•.·.o·,,_·.0 .•.····· .•.•.• .1 • •·•·O.:.· •. •· ~ .... -.;·: : ~-·a·:·.:-~~:: .;;:.:·o ·, '.. '4. ·.~ ,< "'·· ·~ ,· . ~· · . ··· .", \•.'/.•·• ':, ·. • .. ;:O: ;".".;•; ie':. -.·! • .' :·.· •• •.' • ~· :.,: ' . • ·o····. . . . . ... . . ··· •.... ··.,.•·- .,.. ,, ·•··• • , •. •. . I ··• .... o •• - •. ·• ! : ~ •. •.• ·. -o'. • ~: ..... •.,. ~:: ! o• ~ • •. •: • \': • ~ t1a_-•· •-: .'•:. :! ·"• ·:~ . • \!:. !" ::' ,. ; •• •• •.: •: :O: : : • • • 4! ~:' • -·. ~: •.•.' • ••. •. •. • • :· :' 'o• •· •:. o, .. • ••o ~ ~ • • C!,:.tt • •.: •·.~ .• • .. •· •• •. o ~ • .,,, •' .•. • •" •' •• • • • • • • •. "i •; •4!:'· • •;. • • ,· .:~ ,:­... •. ~ .. ··o·."· .. ·~···"- .· .. •·; .. o .... • , .... ·o···o·•·. ~l,•·o ~.··o··~ .•. • .• ·. :.·.: .. •o ... ··=-~·.:..4!,·, •. • o ... ·• · •. ; •.•.a•· • • •. •. • .. • · .•. "• .•. •0••.-0·.·.1· .. · . .:.·.-.~ • • \ •'· :•,. • • •·• • • • .' • · . • .•.•• ""•. • • • • •

0

• ; o •• • • ' • • ~·~a• " • ,. • o • ,,. • • •" ' • " • • ~ ·.: •• • • .. • o • • '. ~ ' ,. • • · • • ... 1 • c.. • •. • o·• •• • • • • • • • ctt • • • • • • • • ;~.·._·,·•;. •·-.·:.c>,, • .• •. ·.·••. · ••. •0 ·; .•:.·•o·.:·•.·;.•· •.' ~',. .•·,•· .• ·.·,·.·•:··;. :•o· •• •.·•. ;~~·.o •• ~· .. •:o· ·.ci.,:"'C:·····:• ··:: .•. o· .•. a.· \,o; • ~ ·~· ~-~·.;. ·: .·.'·: :,. : \ !1,·.• • • ._,.c:.•.• .... •!';. .• ·•. !'- •.•• ••,. ...... •• • ····'· • ""'Q.;• •

0 •. •. ·.·' '!' ·, .•.•q ·~.1 •• •o. o•'-"• . ..,. t ··o··•· •. ·.·.·!.'··· ·a':·."::~·••• .. , .• ~•!~•

• •••• ,·.·•· ·'• • • ·,• •,'• •. •"• .•, ... • .. • .•,: .. •• •• ·.~., •• •• :••.· \··. -· • ,•.·.:• .• •• •: •,•'1,Dt, •·.·.· •• 1.• • ._. • • •o ••• ,•• • • • a •a·• •. 4 .. ·r,· NJ ... -..rl'~ 0 ·' .• , •• '• • • ,. •\4;1t. ! •. • • • ··• • J .·~:·.•.,:· .. ,·!:· •.. ·.· .. ;: .. ·:~'''·~ · .1 ·-:..a:•:.;,·'.·:·.•:.:'! . . ,-..o',:o·•·::•: •. ··.P ··•·1·"!··0.•···•i• •.•.;,•·•·0.1··-·.·o···~·.·.· ·'''''·. '· 4• .··.: .... -., .... t·-·········· ca ••• , •••• ·: •• ·:·.-.· ... -···';'!·.:=.·.~ • •;o. o"'•. ! . '·'·,· ·. '· . : :. : . ·''·· ··''''· ··''''·· .... ; .. ' ... -~· :· .. •.. . .: ~-· .. ·o·· ·.:::: •• i:: r .• •. :o~ •• =· '· ·. ·.·: .• ;-_ • • ' • I '•. '• 0 • • • • • • •·•''''... ·'''•· ul ,0 • • • •40 • • • •• ••"o • • • • • • ,• • • • .D •.;.ct t •";' •' • : " • •• • •• ~ ''!' .... -· ••. : '. • • ., . ··'"'· • ·'''· .. •. "". o. • ... ,_ •. '\•. ~<!It.,· ...... • o.- ~;1 ::1 •. • .... • .• · : O'. •••• :.· ••• • • .. ..._ •. "· .o ·'· - • • • •• •• 0 ··'''·· ··'''·· ·' '· •••• -·· ........ , • • • • ••• • •

..... - • • .. .... 1• ,,, •• , ·''''·· ••• , • • • i..lt" .. •• "• .. ··1 '· .••• 0·." •••••••• ·.:i· :.·,•;;'.-·.·;;.··:;.-.~.·,.· .~·, ··••·· ·', .. ''"· ·'"'· ··''· ,1:~-..·.·.·,:;.·~ ~;.;.,~.-:.,:.:-· .• ~·!~·· ... · ... ;·:·.·.··· .:.:· .. =.'°.· .--.~~·.: ~-:·~.· ;.;.· ...... ~ .. :. .. ·,;.: ... :.·~: .... ·· ··"·~'. '· ··"·· ,, ·::'";.·.; :.; :-: : .)i.· .• ;; ·~;; .:. ..-. ~.· ::: •• ;_.! .•.• _.:.

·•II., 111. ·'""' '"·. ·' • ·~·.;, •"'!· ... .,.' \:' "· ., . .. I••.'• ~.:·o~ ~:..:.•4:: ~; .• ·::• ;:.,~·. ~ :o.· •. o •. ·,•;.~"'• .. 11. ••.•• ~.. ·'''·· ·•"'·· ·'"' •. ·o· -~~·. ' lw .. : ''''• •'' ·1 : ·' • .. ~ • •·,·I'·'· 4.• ,. .. .. . . . ..•.. '''· '···,·.·· .. ·.·~''· '' , .... ···· .. .. ·~··=·."":·.·.·-···.···· • • ,' • .. ~ ••I D '· •• : • •· 1,• • •-,\111 .• II,, .•If.. ,\I/, • ,,• •, • •' • °'"· .• :\ • o' ,• '• • q• • "'• • ,.

·• ·p •• •• • o.;. ~. ~ o. , • ... o. ·,. i ... •'"···''·· ·'''·· ·''''· ,all'. .• :• ... ;. :-· ,·!c,•"·· ·'" s'''· ·"~ ,·•. ·: .•. !·. ·~·=· o•. • • . • .• : •:: .•• · •.'; ·'. .. '!·.··:.··' '· ..... , .. ~ ·,· .• _.. :. ""'· '' :'\.•'''· I ·''•:·o ·" · ~!", ··:i-:.• • .•.• ? .• '··o··· .• ·; •. ·:-.-:a~ ·'''''• '''' ,,\/,. '""' •''''·· '·•.·•.·•·.• • • ' ~ . . •:. ·••,· •. •.• .. •

• • • 0 • • • 0 • • •• .. I " I ·''':,,_. ··-:' .• .o. ···"'''·. ,.. '"' .,., .': , .... .-.... -~ · •. :-.o .•. ~ . . ;•o"., ··.• •" • .o • •.;" ·•. ::• ·'·•'i. '''•· ·'''• ·''I, ~,\II'• I/ 0 •1 • • • "• •9 I ~ "• - • • " •• ..- • •• •.• •o· · .• · o· •••. o· .. • 1 1 ·' .... •• •·.·.o •. · ''''·· ·"··' " .•.1 ........ ,·.·· .. .. • •.,:' '· •' ,• o .. • ~ •••' ·:0 ,• • ·.~:••,' ·" 11, •' '·· •'''· '" ;•• ;.• ! • • • • I '' • .o• .o • • • ; • ~ • • • "·o·,· • ·•·•· ··., \I ,, • ·'''· ,,, •• ,·.-.:·.r·;.; ....... a... ··'''· .\1. • ., ••• ••••.• ...... •: • ": •:, • .. • ·o • :,. ":='· i. ·• • • :• . .i:_ "''· ,, '•. ,, '· ·'''' , ... •' • • • D. •• • ·• .,... o .• '• o• • • • • .•····

> t> •• O • • o •o• '• .. • •t ''' • •. \It • ,·.o .•••• • ··•·:. "•'·•. ,,, .... • • t ,. ••" .•"• •• •• • • .::.' ·: ;,. • •·~"..';.:;: • • • .'.· .;,:, •'

1' ·• •• .•Ill. \I ·' '·"·. ·.-:,:.•:·-.·;,.·• o••.; ', •·o·. •,. ,·,.••.•· • ... ·o:• • •' •::

o··••. ,. · · .. :··. ····-.··.·;:.· ,1 "''''· •' 11

• ·.:o.•.o·,:···;.·.•·: •. :· ·~··.·o .. ;,.··~·i:·• .·.·~·;•.,. • • o. • • •. • '• '. p ·'· -.·" • • •,'\1 .. . •. .,1.. '' ,,,, • •• , •••. 4 ' • .a •. '• '•• • •o '• .•• •. "• • • . :: ~ .~; • . .,· ;• .• o·. :, ',~~ ·;. ~: !'• .'•. ~·,;,II,, .11, ,,11,. ;u,' '· ;::• ~.:.·.; :o~ ~ ~. ~ ~ ~.?: ,,·:.. -:• .•:.,· .•. :·•.·•; ?; , ';.:':':;:· ·~. ·:ci:·.; _. o. ,· :o:· ....... ~-~·a•.' . ..:· .. _,..!:. . ··"·· ..• 11, ·''''· .......... ...... ,: "-;: <i···.; ;; : l':.: =-...· . :· :·-:; ;,,,'.··: !' :· •• •• • • ···,·· •••• • ........ , ........... , • ••••• ''''· ,,\11. . ... ;.,._ ••• o., •. ·,·· .•. ·. ,:. .• · ............ . ·•.•: ~ ~ .o.•o,.,::•.··.'."• ~···:.;· •. ,.,· . ·''', •'"'· "''·· •o.•,•;.,o ........ .,. •. •:'::::· ••• ··.·:.·.;.'·~··•!:••·•;;o".

• •O. •. - ••• - • •• O• • 0 •••• ..... • • • •• ... • •• , I • ••••••• ·o ••.. '·•· ··o· .............. . ••. • o.. .o., .... , · • · .. •.a·, ..... ~,, • ,, ·'''''· .,,., • •. • ' • ·• ·~, ,...;.,. •.· ., ·• •.. • ·; . , . .• ·o.••. ••"•·'· ............... '!···. ·~ . .: ..•. :'· ... ' .. . ··•·• •.·• •• ·• "• .• ·.•· .... · ... .: . . -· .•.••.• • •. -6 • . o• ·~.• 0 ••o.,. •.• !" ••• o ..•. • .. ·''·· ''' .• u.. D, ....... t1•t1 • .,•. •··.·•·•·o·•·o· o ••• ·, •" .• •• , ~: .··,. •-· • '· • -.' •• ~· :-: .•:. ~ :• .'.i . •.. ~·:0• .•· • .., ·' '·· ••• ,,· .• :.• ': .. : o:, :·;: :··.;;,,·.a:~· .• ·!' .• 1: ~ ·_..,. :•: .:. ••• •• •• , •• • ·:·a . .'~ •. •,., .... o· •. ~ ;.: .•.o. :?; •·~·:.·":'·;.:.••;.:'~· ·''"'·. ·"·

11 ;.o .• ,o ••••• ,:,. ::.: . .-;::.;,."!' •. •;.;,,••,•!..,,. '!,•'':• •

• '• • • • • ,.• • •. '• •• , .• · • l ••'t " "·I• •.,·• • • • •' · 0 0 • • .,· • •• • .,..,. • • ..,. • , : ·:· ,· ~ •• ··~:.:: • •

0

: :.· • • .;, ·,.;.• •• :a.• • ~·,:- •:.:.: .' •• • • '· · ·'''·· •'. .,,_. .";: :: ;•·.· ..;.~·.:.;: ~: .• · ~ ~-· .•··~ 'o• • ~",; :.· .... :.• :;• • .. · •o ' • • • °' · • . • . · . •· • . • ·, /J ,. • , 1, • • •• •b,• • • • ... • • • • o·. · •• · •• • • • .•

0 • • • •

·'•.'•· ;·~.'q·•! .. ·?~.'· •. , .. ":'·.".···1:0·.; •. ~··~'. · .. •'''· ··• .•• • :• •. • 'o··~···•··•;•·~.·!·,,,. • .·.··~•• ;•.·.,·.•,·• .. ·-···· ~··o·,.11··· •'o·:·, ... ,,,, 0··!1·• .. •'•o:..· •.. .- ..• · ... ·.·o::•· ... • .. •.•. •• ............ ~ ..... o•v .......... ~.· •• ·<>'·'·'·9 • ... 11. • ••••• ·:···•a ····o' ... ·•.··•· •• o •••••••• -·· ...... .

'••o' ·•o:· ............ ·• ·,.'·e.•".·P:..•.·• .·'. -.0 :·.·~.·ti' ,,, . ; •· ;•:.: •. • .• "".·•···· .. •·. ·.:.; .:..•.· .• .· •.•. ~· • .•::..;: •. ·~ , ...•. t.;•o. ~ ·• i. ··-·. • 0

.-. :,"-: •• , • •. ··'~ o·•· •· •.•.• •.•·:·:..·.··.; '· ·,·-·~: •. , ..... ~ •. ·: • ...••. · •. o. • ·.,.o •. o ... •;.o• ·••: .• •• o,•• ,,,,, .·.0···•·•1••·•0·;c;..:o•. ·. ·• O• • •• ·•·• •• •-. :o:':'•:; ~ :; :.:· :0 ::70

•0 :~ .• .•: • .o·, • ;',~·.·~o. ·,; .-.:~.;. ~: ;,.,, , ·,·.'~ :'• :..: .. •: • :::.·.,·.;.:.. :" .#. ~',,·:: ': 00'lo;,!'°•• ~; ,• • ... ; · ..... ••• •

0

• •• •• ·,.~.····o· ·.···; ·,: ··· .. · .. •. •o · ~~-•• ·;.. •··•.,·~:·,·•···~········~·i:··.,. ·fl•,.

z Figure: Jl

Bluegill #7 (lcm=6.4m)

·• · · ..... · ··· -~··· . . :•.•··:::: .. -·~:.·.·:.!o.· .• ~i.o• • • • •. • • 0 •• ,,

Figure: 32 Bluegill #1

(1cm=1J.7m)

74

YELLOW PERCH HOME RANGE RESULTS

Four yellow perch were studied to determine their home

range and primary home range areas. Two of the yellow

perch, Yellow Perch #3 and #5, each exhibited one home range

and one primary home range area. The other two yellow

perch, Yellow Perch #1 and #4, each exhibited one home range

and two primary home ranges within each of these home range

areas.

Yellow Perch #3 established a home range that measured

0.56 hectares. This area was betweeen stations A to C and

extended 140 meters out from shore. This home range existed

near the area where the fish was caught and released (Figure

33).

Yellow Perch #3"'s home range included a number of

habitats. The inshore section contain light weed bed 114,

the edge of light weed bed /13 and the sand t-hat surrounded

these areas. The outer section of the home range consisted

of light weeds with portions of heavy weed bed 113 and an

ecotone of light weeds-sand.

Yellow Perch /13 established a primary home range area

of 0.38 hectares. This area included light weed bed 114, the

offshore light weeds and the sand that separated these

areas. The ecotone created by the light weed-sand trans-

ition was also included. The area excluded from the primary

home range corresponded to some of the sandy inshore area

and part of the offshore light weeds.

The majority of tracked locations for Yellow Perch #3

75

were- found in and around light weed bed 114 and its ecotone.

The offshore light weeds were also utilized by this fish

alt hough not as heavily as light weed bed 114. The sandy

area that separated the inner and outer light weeds was

again primarily used by the fish as a means of getting from

one weed bed to another.

This fish also utilized the edge of light weed bed 113

as well as the edge of the heavy weed bed. Neither of these

two areas were utilized as heavily as light weed bed 114 or

its ecotone.

Yellow Perch #5 established a home range of 0.54 hec­

tares. This area was found off the southwest shore of the

island and extended along stations ID to IF. This area was

located near the same place the fish was caught and

released. Habitats within this home range included part of

the light weed bed llI2 and the sand that surrounded this

weed bed and extended along the shoreline (Figure 34).

Yellow Perch 115 established a primary home range of

0.05 hectares. This area excluded most of the sandy area

that made up the home range as well as part of light weed

bed llI2. The majority of data locations indicated the fish

over sand and occasionally in light weed bed llI2.

It can be noted that Yellow Perch 115 was only tracked

for eleven days due to premature transmitter failure. For

this reason this primary home range may be under-estimated.

The other two yellow perch studied revealed one home

range and two primary home ranges within each home range

76

area. As stated previously a fish may establish two primary

home ranges if two distinctly separate areas of the home

range are used exclusively and neither of these two primary

home ranges were within 60.69 meters of one another. These

two fish were Yellow Perch #1 and Yellow Perch #4.

Yellow Perch #1 established a home range that measured

1.39 hectares. This area extended along stations Z to D at

its farthest point from shore extended outward 174 meters.

This home range was set up in the same area the fish was

caught and released (Figure 36).

Yellow Perch #l 1 s home range included a number of dif­

ferent habitats. The inshore section of the home range was

composed of light weed beds #3, #4 and #5 and the sandy area

that surrounded these weed beds. The outer section of the

home range consisted of part of heavy weed bed #3, the outer

light weeds and the edge of the heavy horseshoe shaped weed

bed. The ecotone created by the light weed-sand transition

was also included in the home range.

From Figure 36, it can be seen that the eastern and

western most regions of the home range was used exclusively.

No known data locations indicated the fish within the center

of the home range area. For this reason Yellow Perch #1 was

considered to have established two primary home range areas.

Primary home range Ill measured 0.41 hectares and was

the western most primary home range area. This area

included heavy weed bed #3, the edge of the heavy horseshoe

shaped weed bed and part of the offshore light weeds. Also

77

included was part of inshore light weed bed 113, the sand

that surrounded this area, and the light weed-sand ecotone.

were

sand

The majority of locations in the primary home range

found along the

that surrounded

ecotone of light weed bed #3 and the

this weed bed. The fish was located

only a few times within the outer light weed bed and only

twice within heavy weed bed 113 or along the edge of the

heavy horseshoe shaped weed bed.

The second primary home range measured 0. 2 7 hectares

and was located at the eastern end of the home range area.

This area was composed mostly of sand with the ecotone of

the offshore light weed bed also included. The majority of

data locations within this primary home range reveal the

fish over sand. Only twice was the fish ~ositioned at the

light weed-sand ecotone. It should be noted that both pri­

mary home ranges were utilized equally and alternately by

the fish.

Yellow Perch #4 established a home range that measured

2.20 hectares. Th i s a re a w a s s e t up a 1 o n.g s t at i o n s Y t o F

and extended outward 1.46 meters. This home range occurred

in the same area the fish was caught and released (Figure

35).

The inshore portion of the home range consisted of

light weed bed #6, sand and a light weed-sand ecotone. The

offshore portion of this home range was composed of part of

the heavy horseshoe shaped weed bed, heavy weed bed #3 and

part of the offshore light weeds. A number of ecotones were

78

also prominent within this home range area.

As with Yellow Perch #1, Yellow Perch #4 utilized two

areas of the home range exclusively. These areas corre-

sponded to the eastern and western most sections of the home

range, while the center area of the home range was never

noted to have been utilized.

Primary home range #1 measured 0.17 hectares and cor­

responded to the western most area of the home range. Habi­

tats within the area consisted of part of the heavy hor­

seshoe shaped weed bed and the open water that borders it on

the north and the offshore light weeds that border it on the

SOU th. A small section of sand near the edge of light weed

bed #3 was also contained in the primary home range. No one

habitat or area of this primary home range was utilized more

extensively than others as Yellow Perch #4 was only located

four times within this area. For this reason primary home

range #1 may be underestimated.

Primary home range #2 measured 0.61 hectares. This

area corresponded to the eastern most section of the home

range. This area was composed of light weed bed #6, its

ecotone and the offshore light weeds. The sandy area

between these light weed beds was also included within the

primary home range.

The majority of data points in primary home

revealed the fish within the outer light weeds.

range #2

The fish

was only located three times over sand and twice within

light weed bed #6. The light weed-sand ecotone of this pri-

79

mary home range did not appear to be utilized by the fish.

As with Yellow Perch #1 both primary home range areas

were utilized alternately. It was noted however, that pri­

mary home range #2 was utilized more extensively.

Yellow Perch Home Range Statistics

The first correlation coefficient calculated was

between the areas of the yellow perch home range and the

number of days the fish were tracked. The null hypothesis

w a s that there i s no di ff e re n c e in the s i z e of the ho me

range and the number of tracked days.

was accepted, r=-0.08; (p)0.05).

This null hypothesis

The second correlation coefficient was between the

area of the primary home range and the number of days the

fish was tracked. The null hypothesis was that there is no

difference in areas of the primary home range and the number

of days the yellow perch were tracked. This null hypothesis

was accepted, r=0.40; (p)0.05). This result was accepted as

enough data was obtained to reveal an accurate representa-

tion of perch primary home range areas. No correlations·

were performed correlating the size of the fish to the area

of their home range or primary home range area. This was

due to the narrow range in the size of yellow perch (19.8cm

- 22.5cm).

TABLE 6

YELLOW PERCH HOME RANGE AND PRIMARY HOME RANGE RESULTS

PERCH #

1

3

4

5

HOME RANGE (hectares)

1.39

0.56

2.20

0.54

PRIMARY HOME RANGE (hectares)

#1 0.41 112 0.27

0.38

Ill 0.17

#2 0.61

0.05

SIZE (cm)

21.3

20.5

22.5

19.8

DATES TRACKED

6-10-80 7-4-80

9-14-80 12-23-80

5-13-81 6-28-81

5-21-81 6-2-81

80

81

LEGEND FOR YELLOW PERCH ILLUSTRATIONS

Heavy Weeds

Light Weeds

Sand

Open Water

Home Range Line

·-----------· Primary Home Range Line

Shoreline

Island or Mainland as Indicated

........ '82 ·'''· ·'"'·· ·''". ,,.,., ·'"· ·''.,'· ·''· ,,,,, ''''· '- ·······." ·'"·· ··'"" .u.. ,.,. .u,. ·'''· ''' I . •• u1.. .,, '· ,\\I.. "'"'· ,\\It.,, ,,\/, ·•'''• '''• ,\\I, ·' '• ,.,, H .\I. ·'"'

\\I . . ,,, '" ··"·· . \ . ·'''· ··'''·· ' , ..... ·'''· ·'"·· UI. ·' '·. ''· '''''· . • I .- '· •. I,, \I ·"· ,u,, . •' '·· ,,, ··'"'·· ···''''

·' '· ,,,,,, ' • ·'''·· '''·· ''''· ,\I, .•' '• ·''''· ·'''·· \&., \/ • ,\/., '"'· ·'1•, ·'"'· .u., I I ,\Ii., ·''''·· ,,,\11, ,,\/, ' ,\/,, ,,\\/

1, ,\h.. .~II,, ,\lf,,

·''"'· ··' ..... .,, .•• u ... ·''· •' '·. ·". ''"'' '''"· ·''"' ··"·· ·'".. ,,,H,,. \I .• ,\It, N1. , • ,,,,, . . ''"'" ,,,, ''''· ·'''· • ,, 1, • •• '" ·' '• " ~·· ·' '·· .• . l ·''''··· ··'''·· ·'''· ··'''· ··'"'· ·'''· ·'''"· . ,,\,, ,, •. .

• U I • '" • ·'\I, \I ·''''· '' • ,\/, 1.. ·'"'· ,,,If,, ,,\\I •• ·•' ·,·, ,,\ '·, ,\It, I ,,\tl1. ' '· •'"'•· ,.,\11, ,\lt11,, I • ·' ,,,\11... •' •, ,,\\11.. ·'"··

··' . ,,\ Ii, U · 11. • I .di.. ·', ,,,111,.. \l •''"'· ,

•••• ·'''·· •• ,·1. I , ·''''· II ,\ 1... ..•\I•, ·'''"· )/ '''·· ,,,,,:'''·· ·' ··'''·· ·'''"·· " , " ' ... '''''· ,,\/. ·''''·· ·. ·'''·· ,ti I,, •'"· • •' '· ,,\t.-. ,If,, •'"'' •''''·· • ·'"'•. ,\\J,•, ,,U.. ,1\\f1,, .·''''·· " . ··"· ,, ; h._ • • ··"·· ' ·''''·· ·'''·· ·'"·

.• . ''"'· ' '· \:~y '"'· ·""· I ·''"'· ""' I .. '· ··''·· ··''·· \( ,,,.,, . • \''·· ·''''· '"'· • • . ·'"''· ·''' '·. ·'"'- "'''·· ~.,, ,,u,, ·' •. ,.,, " ·''·· .• '" ,,.,, ·'''· •'"'· ·''''·· ,.,, f!'. __ ~- . ·'''· . ,.,, / '• ·''''· . ·' '· .•• u,, ·''·· ··''''··

•'"'• \I • ,,\t/, •' • ~ J • •,. ,,t/.. .1tll,, •"·· ',\t ,,', '/ ,,\/1 ·•'•. ·'"''• •.. ti ·'''-. ,,111,, •'''·· .\I,, ·''"'·

•' '· '' ''"· • '· •''''· \I '/ ·•'''· ·'''''• ,u/ 111. ..u.. ,,\\/,.. .,11, ·'''''· .• '·. \I ,i\11,. ,.\I. • .\ '· 'ii. . . . (. ,.\If, I • ) t::://1., ·'' '" I ,\\11, _,1lf._ ·•' / • ·'"•· ,,11 •. ,1\l1., j "'•. ii ' ,.,11., II ,.,\1,, ,I/ I " . .it,, •''I.,

\I ·'''"· ·'' '· •••••••• ·'''· ·'''' ~''''·· .,,\(,, . -~''· • • ·'''·· •' • ••• 11.. .• '• ·'' •• ···"•·. ~>.. n.. ~'"'·. ·'''·· ''' ·'""·· •''''· • • ·' .'/ I "'''·· ··'''· \\1 . ·'"· \11, ,d1, ··'"·· It ...... \1,., ·'"'·· '(\,. -, V' \I ' • . . \If "/. • ,\ ' \I ·7•. ( ,• • ,.,\/,, •'' '•

0.:\1., ·.~~:;:: ... ., .. ··::~;,~·"';·:~ .. ~:·' ~ 1 "'C .::11.; .. .,:·'. •• ::: .•• ,, .::~:·· ,,;':. :::'.> .. :·,·::.:"''• ::';~ ..... 11 •.• ::~;: •• •• 111 •• ~ ''. ,\I•, .. ::.~ •I "? ,II, ,•I I, ''"'- ./'ft., ,\I/ ,.•\11 ,\1/1._ ,..,.. ,.,II ••

. •"•. ,11, ··"''· ·•'"• .I'\_ x;,i "" " ~.(.. ,(,, • ,.II, ·•II-. . \II • ~/111, ,,111,, ,111. '"" I .•U •. • ,I/ u ':> 'D I ··'''·· ,,.,, ,,,.,, ··', ··'"'·· ,, .. '·

., ·'"'·· ··' '·· c) ·"'·· •' '· • ,,,:, •'''' ·•''•· • ·''·· ··'"·· ,, ·' ... ·'''''· . . . ..t'k ,,/. 1'f• I/ '11" 11'· . ' 11 \

.,,\l/1, ,1\1/,, ··~ f] \..• ,,, , . • I ,.\/, ,\ ' •''''' ''" ,,\/, ,I • ''"'· '' '• ·' ~ ' \' E.-~.. ·: " ,.. "•. .. ' I . ''" . . •. • ·'"· . ' ··''"'· ·'"'···'''· ,,, ·' '-· • • . ,,, •'"· ,,w, ·'"'· ·' •. ··"· • ,,, _,,lt,, ,,, .... u •. ·''''· ·'' '·· ·'"'·

• ·~,,,, ·''· $';> ,,,,,. ··•·· ··'•'· .. • ·'' . I . ··"· ,.,,. ··'''· . .· \· . ··''"' , ·''''· ,,.,,. ··'"'·· ·''"'· ·u, . '· , • ,, ·'"'· •'''''· ·'"I· . ·'"· " . . ·'''' ·''''· . ,u. ·'"'·

· ,,\/1, ,,,\1,, ·· ,~u,, · ,,,,;_ ·'''· ,·, .,1 ·''' ·''''' ,,,i11, ·'''"· 1' '· ·'''" ,,.,,. 11 · .·''·· .• •• ..,••: .... " I . . "' '· I ' \• ·. ·'"'·· ··'"''. •·11 .-1. • •. •c

··' '· ''''· ·'' ''· ·'''· _,,\(, .•• \ • • •' '·· ·'"· '"· ·'''· ·'"· . '·· ·\''·· ·''·· ' ••••• · •• d' ••• •• •

.. ·''''''· •''''·· ·''''· ·_,,,,, ·'"· ,,,.,... •'\''· ·'''''·· .• \,, ·'"'· ,,, •• J. :-·a :o: .-, .• ; .. .. ·!;:.·.

\ I ,\\I,,. ·''''· \11 ',,1\I,, IJ/ ,,\II,. I . ,,u., ,\\ , ,1\I, .. .. ·: ;;. ••-:0•., •:-·.~.:• • •; '''''· ·''

1'·· ·'''''· •• '· ·•"'' 'I u1 ·' .. ,,\Ii, ,,\" ·'''· ··•'· · o~·: · • .•. . •.·:· • • ·~·. ·~·. •

"'.•''''·· ,,\/,. ,,\/. ·''''· ,,\/1, ,\\Ii. II ,'IJ,, •'' .:.,. "'"• ,j ',,\I,, \ ''' ,,\11,, . ' •• ·.: • • ••.,. ••"••o.:.-•. •,. I ' ·•'"" . I,",.• •.•.•• ':·'-'·. • L:: .. ~·.• • ;~.··.·~·:0• 0·.·~:.:·.-..· .. •.-::!: ..... ~\ '·· ·'"'· . ·''' ''· ·' ''· ,11,'J ••••• 0. • • •• • • • • ......... • . • • • • • • ' •• • • •

' • •o • • , ••• o. ,. o• ·":'•' .·- ~: •,:.o·.-•..... · •. ··.•• ,,11

1

• ·''''· • :.'"·· ·'''·· .,u,, .111. :. ~,..,. •• : •: •. ~; • • •: .'! .•• , .,•,.. ;_0 ,(. • • • • •. •. ,.. , •. • •• 0 •• , .... •. •• • •••• ····~. '

'''' ,,,, .. , ••• ·.,,_•.·.·.•·.'.•.• ... •·.,.a •••• • ••• • .••:',,,a•.·· • \,o •• ·.• • • ... • • •0

• •••• •. •.• •• • ~ -. " •• 1 •. - •• •. ·'''·· . • •• ·'''· ••. •• • .. 0 • ... 0

, • •··· ••••·•·o·····'·· .. ···••·'.· .• ,,o•• .•• , .•.•. ·_ •. •:; ••• • •• •• •• •·o•.:· . •. ,·,;~•·o·• .. o_".• ..... _ _.,,,,. ·o.• •"·· .'. • • • • • • • • , • • , _ ... • , ,.} , •• • • • ·• • • •1 •.,., • t • • ~ • O ,. •. •. • I ~ • • • • • •O •

• .·,.·· •• f.'.",'. •• o •• ·····.:o.'.: •.• •·.· .: .•• • o.· •. ~··.·.4 .. d ••• 11. • ••• ,;:-,;,.~::.·.•.•.•: ·.·; •. ·,.;~:; .• ·•.::~~-·fl·.:.o.:_;i:·.;';-·: o o ···o::-···'.•.'.··~·.··,.•·.'o··a·•.•'· ·.·=·~.r.·.• .. · .. ·.· ... ·.• ..... ·-.~·.•:,~··:~.·. ~·· '.•.•.o·-·.•~:t:i..., ... :.··.·.•;.·· . . ··.·.'.a ... , .. · ..... ·'· -.a .•.. o. · •.• ·.•·.• ·.: ••o• f •••..• ~.·.• •; '•·•·40.•· •,.lo.•.·••• •. ·"·'·.,·.··· • •. ·,·.·.•.; :..,·.~·•.

- O ' 0 •• • ..., • • • o • •• •1 • I•• .... •• • • ... • • •o• .•I I ,.-o I • • • · •.. ; ....... ':.. ·.:. .·.: . .. • - ....... I o. • ••• •. "• ...... o·. . . •. •· •. ·: •••. : ~ • .: • . ~: •• -.. ·~--. ·. ··.,·.~·.,·:,,-:,,:• •:~ · •. ·,. : .. ~ ~·.•o··,:.• •.• · •: :•· ••. •.::"' ~·'. ~:o••• • "t •·' • • •· ~~ · ....... 1: •• • • •• •• • ·.•.•• ;', .•.•.•. ···'''· ..... · ., . • .... · .·.'·!·::J·.~···: ·'!: •• .;.-~"· ··~· .• : :·e::::., :.:.~~:=~··.'· ?o · -· ... ·o~ -.:•!.· • •• ···' . . •: •· ······:'l1. ·'''''· ••• .:.~· • •. °'f. , .••. ·• •· .•,. •· ·.• • o 1 ..... 0 '•.:·:~~.,·.es:·•.·;:·:,P.•:·•c' ·•••'•

0• • 1 • • .t • .,. • • ••" •••• •.,·•.·.,• •• ,·o."···a.·t.· .o.a.•• ••••••••• , •••••

• !.. .... '"· ·''"'· ,\ '· • • •• • ·.-. • • • • • • • • • • ' -• \I ' •:. •.·P.C.· •• ····•.o:.·.·.~:.,.,· .. ,_·•·,..·.;,.o ,.··.·.•.,· .. ,•~.:·:•.·.'".•6.•, .• ·.• •. •~. · .•... ,, \I ·' '·· ••• ., ··•"' . • o • • , •• , 0 ••• , •• 1.o •••.• •.. , ~ .. ; .. , ..... , ·'\''·· ,, '· . : •.•. · :~:~·-f.· .. -..-: .. ;4:·~.: .. -.·fa.·.: ····~.\·,··:,·.·.•.·:•. ·~ ••. .:..;:"':.··!.::.·~:;.·~:

.~.(,.\If. ,.\I,, ·""'·· ·"'·· ,,111., ··:; •• ,o ·~·· ... 0 ., • , •••• ••, ~ • ·o••· .... •• ·- .• ":- .-. :.~. ~. : .~;·:••:11 ,.· •• • : • .:. ··''"'•• ,\If. ,,\fl., •'\. •, • ·:·.;.•.": ":'• ! ,: : • ... ! :.,• c:t: :; QI •.,. : • :: 11• :•.,. • • • '', '"o• •• • • • • • • •• •.• •• •. e •

..- J .\/._ :.;. ·.11.:_.-.,: .~··:••.·,,; •• • ••• 0 .;.~.4!.0.,.1.0:, :•.•: •..•. •. 1 .0,•• •.•·111t·• .•.• ... •, :,·.·,.,,\#,,, ·• ''· • 0,\/1,, • ..... ~~· • •• ,,a'fi, .... \l•, • • • •• I•• ,.oi. ••,·•·I.• • • •1.•;,,·..' .·.•• ....... •• .• .. ···• I ·'''·· ~ ,\\/1,, • • .,- ... ,· • •'"· .•• :.·o.·.··/··.:·.·.·.• .•.· .. · .• ·.·:·:~·.~·.• .. . : :' ·:·'"·· ·' '· ,,u,, ·. ·'11

'•. ,.\I,. • ./:. ~'! •. '' '·· ···''··· ··'" •o'· :o~ ·• :•. ~· · " · :~· ·. ·;.: ·~ •: .. ·~· :.~ · • • •0••• O.• •;• ::.-. •• •. •· ·'"'•· .• \l.i r.· ••\I·'"' lit ·• • .o ,..O./:- •·'.o.• '· :.••:C\· ... ·.··:.:•.·•:• ... :.4. .. • ~. ·•• .. ,u,.. \(. .. \II, I .·.~·.•\ •. ·,,, ··' . .• '!. •• ···o·.'I ·· :··· ..... • · '.. . •• •• • •••

• I • - • ~ tt \I •\ • I I ' • • • " e • \ • • • ',••. ,• • .• • •. •,o"••· •. • 0, ·.~ • : : . .. '"' . ··''''· ·' ''· ~ • . . ··. • .• . ••. ,., .•.• -~· . . .. . . . a • • -I•·' ·' • ,\I,. ,,\\/., '••'«:»•'tr. ,,l/,.,, ·•""· 0•1·~·.··d• 0 ••••·0 ... ·•'.'. ~!·.•,"'.·•.•,•.•::•:••=•• : :·, ... ·:, •. ""'· "''· •• 111.. ,11 .,.-.;:.._~".," ""'· "'"'·,:~;~~ ~·:.'J..".'~:·: .. :.: •. p·.:::o ::,"!;':-.':i·:.·;;:.•'o".·o·•.'.' • c:) • .·' • ,1, , "''''· "'''·· • • • • •'°' '' \II •. • • • • •oJ.. · • • • ••• ·•· • 1 • •• •.• •••• • •.• ••· • :. ··.·:.o~;.. '·· ·'·'· · ·,,,,, L· • -·~ •:·~ '·· ·'' .t..• ,•·,. · · ;-~··· ·;·.··· ·o· ·• •• • .. •·: -·,· ... :·:.: .·~:. •.• · .... ,,,,,, ··'''· · ·'''·· 1····.·.·• •: .~,, . .., o~;· •.'! , •. ,.p. ·._·~.··,·•·. ·~·.·•.•O,.•: •. •.•.· •• ·.•

\II. .. ' ••••• .•••• ••'•·/"·• ..... ••,,• ••'• • I I fl :·!:~:-.; .. \'''· ''''·· ·' '· ·''' 1:··.:o: • ··.·.:·:.: .·~: • . •. ~·1 •• ··q· ··'!·.· .• ·.·•ca. ·C;.:•. •:;'· :•.•::!· •. ·,~ ·····•·o· I .~ •••• o,o, .•. :.•.•.•,;.·o,.·,o•·,··•·••a•'o·•1·. '······· ·:~··••t· . : ·• ·• :· ~ ;· .•'' '·· ·'''·· .·''''·· 1·.: . •. : · •• ~o •,;. ·o·· , . ,;_, · •· ... ··'• ·• ·,.• . .:.; . ·1 • • •.;, ·• • • • o.·4 '·· •. : .• e• •• .. • . ".·~· •• ·-~.· ~'t. ''"'·· .• 11 •• , ..... ~·~ •• -o.···: ~=· .. ~ =·~"""!-:··.•.-~·.·,: · .......... ~··-:.;·. . .... ·.--::·.-................. . • ~ • •• • 0 I • 0 •, • • 1 • • •

1.• e •: , • • :,,. '. "• • • • •·.~fl• • e • o: ••'' ,.-• ~ •.: " ,. t" • • ,_ • # ~:I.•••, ..... • •

• •'•'"'•••,\If,, ·" r·• • • e e ••''•'• • ... •··•I ..... • '•t • • • ,O I••• o•O .. : •• I •• •• • ·• •• "• • 0 • • • •. I ·'''''• ... •• e: ••.• • •• .••-,• • • ·' ,._ ' • • •:••• . .... ••' '••"• •'••,•ca!•.~•~··!'• e

. o••' , ••• ·.~ ·"'·· ·' ~·; ••• ~· •••• yf" ··o ••.••. o··· .... •.• ~- •. o. .• • ...... • .. ·-.:11······· ·~:,.: .. _. • '·o·:. ··''''·· ·'. • .•.···:; .. ~. ::.' ,· .. o·,·- · •.•. · .. :.•:~· •. ·.; ... ·.~·:a ·;.o.4',:.• .•••• ;~·.··~.' .o •.1 •, 0 • •••• , '·· • •. •a•.: .i""'·IJ·-: •. ,.. •'o •· • .. • • · ..- .•• •0 ·.o. •·•···• •:. •. · •• •• •·•• .,· 1 • ., • •• •, •• • ••. • ''" :\II •••• ... ...,.. 4e • o. •• • , ••••• o e•• o• • • • ··•. • •• • •• '# •••.••••'•• •• .... =· -· ... ·····."".'':,,···:.":.. '·· ... # ·.·:.·.· .. • •• ::. ' • • • : ••• • •• , .•:.:..··.:.:.··.·.•.:.·.~· .. !::

a"•••· •1 0 •,, ••.•·•·,,\I •. ,,•1 .. :.•t>,.•• .o··•··'·• .. 0 • •••• ,.••• •• ••.·.•.,•":, •• , • ., •• ,a• •. •. ~~. , .• .• ~•.;.,·:.:.·,;.-.:~··,•·.:.•.\I ...• ~·:.·i:-.•.•·•.o:.:,:~· ... 0 •. 0;•.· .• !!".?~:•·.·-,·~:•;:.•-.•,,~,· ·!·~:; . ...,·,; •. : •' .:; •• •• 'o'·' ·• :-.~.·.:. ~:.,,' '• • • · •'o• •::.,: •': ": '!:" •· •. ;•.··· .. ·•; : .. • • • •;.., '"• ···~ :o • =. • ••• • ": •• • . .:. ~· •• •• '• ~·

• 1 1 :. :. I • ~I : .' • • -· .. ~· •• \ '•• • • ; , •. • • • •"' ••I~•~ ., •" : : I·~• e.•~• •: • • ••' 0• •. • • • : • .-• #. • • • .: : ••"'•• ~ '" :. ~ e • •

' ..... _: !• '·•··•·· • '· '#\11 ·.•. • • .... •••• •o.•·o• ·····•·, .•·,.•·• •·••••• ······~··· ~f·1,,.••· '•·•·• •• .o:.• •• o .• ·o·•·•o•• •,, .•. ·•· f.·. • •':• ..•. •.·•· ··r.······· '•a•:o•.•.,,• •. • ••••• •.,· •• •• • • • • • •• ...,- • • • • •.• ·:. • •• • .. •:,; •• ; • • ., ••••• • • '• •' •.•· • ··• ,. •.• .•.• .• •o ~ ... I• . .... ·····.·.·.·····.···"·-.-·.···.:-.~-· ..... .

Figure: JJ Yellow Perch #J

(1cm=7 .8m)

:· .· :• .• :.,·,, ...• ._·;~ .... ·.·~·=·•·.•:o·.•.-: •. : .•. ·.•·:·'.~:• .• ···ct. ::·:-. .-;, . .;.•·~.···-:i:!·!.·.-; .. •.•--:·•.:--.-~:···;.o .• ·,o .. · .. ,·: .• ;~"':.•:o, •• · .. ·.··~:···~'!·· .. ;.::··:::;.o·:·· .. ~. •.;,;•.1:.'.·• ·; .• ; ·~=:·o•:C:···-~~:._• :• .·.~.·-~··.· •:· •.;,;•. ··.:,: .. o.~-~·.•·.·: ::• .• •,:·.•·~·.·• ~~:.·.•·.': .• ::• •.0·.-·~·:.•· .• :~: • 4:;:;.0•• .. ·._ ·:.·~~;.' •. ·~:o·.•.-: .. : .•... •. :·

o· • • • • • • • • • • • • • - • • • · • o• • • • • • 1 • o • o· . • · · , • - • • • • ·1' • • , • • • · • • • • ~ .•. '·• .·.o· .. ·.•.•.'•· .• ·.•.•.•:;; • .•. 4_;.- •• ·.~.:. : . •. •. ~ ••. '·• .•.o• • •·.~· ·,;·: .•. • •;'•·1 ~- i.•;•. :.· • o •. o•, •.o.: • ·• • :.'bi::•·•: ·;.; •' •. •.o •:':···,!'. ". : .: • .o. •.t;.·• •• •. •• .• .... • • • • • .... • • • o·. ·.•• • I • • ,• .• • • • e• .• •·' • •-: • • • • -.• • • • • • ·-· .•" • •• • •• • • ,.•• • • • • • '.•• •• • • • • • • • • • •"' •.,.. ~ • ., •• • • •• • • • • c . '• • ·• •' • •••· o. •. ·:••Ill! :. ., • ,·, ·- :-. .-·o· •• •, .... : • ·O • '• • • • .J' • • •, • • •. ·, ·.o •• .; . • ·' • • D • ••' • o .• ~· • .~ • •.o. ••• • •.• ••. • .•. •.• • ~ ' • ., • o. • .• • • .•·o • •. ~· ••• • .... ;.:·· ..•• •.•:·;.·.·.·a.··=··.:·.~···•·-·····.: ... ·•· ...... :... . ,, ... :.·.~··:.:·.; -~·· .e..: =·:··.•;,· .. • .-·_-o.:···.•o-. ::Q.· ... :.·.-.o .• ·.·!· '··,·· *'. ·::.•:.a··· ............. •• · ··-.•o"o,·· ··•• ·o· · • ·. ··• • • •. ,. • •·•• ·••• ••• •·· •· ..... , ,.,,·.·· o· •• ·.• •• , •• ? •• t.·:.·· •.. .. :. ·.-. . ·.:.; ·.-·. ,,·•.: ... .:• ··'''· ····•.·. f. ··--o -:' --: .;. d·':• ·=~ ·=·.: ~ o·•· •·•· .;.: ·' :.· .•. ·• :·.: "·.:. ~ ., ....... : ..... ·~· ···~ o ~-·: •. o_..: ~·. 4? '.-.:: ~ .··: • _. .. :-•. ~.:., .•0 ... . • • "' ···'·· ·''''·· ·''"'• ~<·· .• ·.'·C::.-·;. .:. ~:..-: ·.: ~ .... o.: -0•• ,· ·'., '.• : ~~·:.- ~-· '.!:· •. ~·.: :~: ·:"·:~ •; "·c:. .•.: ·•.-. · .••· : ~ ~:3. ~ _. •.

~ ;.o--: ··.;.'"o:··.' •· c;-.·. '. ·o::-: .. a.. . .. . . .. ·''· .. ·'"'~ •. •• ·' -~: :;. ;.; •· ~ ., :•o·.· ~· ·~ ,. ·~·:,;a·,,.':".~::•·:•·-·.,· ... -.:: ~ .. • •. .-::.; :.':;•o .• : ~ .,; . :.~ •: ·~ .. o .. ," :•;: !',.. :• •. •.;, ~ ~ ... : : • o1H1. \I•••:·.;: 41.:.•.~ ;,.:: :1: •: ...... !-;.: 41 '".;. ! ·o. ·:· ... : i .(, • .... •, ... ':··:=·~ • •.:- • :· c;-.. ·• • • ·;,: ·: ,.o .... : .... :,. :" ~ •' •. ,_.,'. ;: • • • ,,:.'·i_ ; • c. •• , • •.•• .•. •••I,. ·''· .. •. •.,•· •• '•,• ... • .,. •. • • • '·" .·•• . • .• •·• • ·O .• • • ., ·•· •• • ... .,•• • •. • • • •• • • ···• • o • •• •' •. • • ~ .o •.. • . • ·.~:-:_--. :_-? • .. ··''''· ":-;:~ :.-?, ':..·•';.~:::-·a.···.; -.·.c,.,:·.o::.::·.·,a: ~ ... :• ·,.o:-_·:;.:: .. a· ; •. o;•. :·.~\'o·.,:!i; . .:::• ;:.,.o ... ~ ~o: •. ••. ·.·;.~·· . .-.~ . . ·"'·· "'"· .~:/:.''; ~{:.':.~ ~-=~~~·:::=:~~ ::.'~~ .. ~·:: .. :~::·~-~:)• :· :~ ::.j:: :; :{:.:::·:~~;·:·~;~.=:-.·:~: ~= ~--~~; ~:: ~~-~ ·~f:·:-~ ~;:';a\·:~:.:;/:_~.;_'.;·~'.·.::.~· ISLAND

.tll,, ,,11._ ::;I:~::~~.:::;_':~:·'.~~/~-:=:·~::~:: :~:,\o:•:.::~~::~;.;.~.:~.·: ;~~: ... :: :O• ·.~·,~:: =~~:: ~~:..:-.::·=~~·\·:·:~~~·~-/~: ~:::.:: ~··~:·)~:\•:: ,,,,.,..,_ . ,· ;; ~ .. -:: ~.'•·," .. :,·.~. • .. : •• 0 • :-·; ;., ~ ·.- D :. ~ ~:·.; ~o.; ; :.. ~~ 0

.. :.~ •• : .. • ·.·: O ;_ •. • .. • .. : • • :o:.·· Q .. • :.; :a·,:;,:,•••;·~·:~ .4' •: :: : ·'· ~: ,\I .. ·•' 110 ti··.·, •'"'V"·· a·' ., .. ,.• •.· ..... o. •.·~· ....... •I>•• •·Q··a··. ···.• .•. , ···· ... "·•· •.• •·- .. .. ,,u, .. ~''·· · ·' · ... ~·..-.:.·,·~·.'·"" .. ':' ···~··· •. lJ ..... ·.:.·:,··o·.~~= · .. • .. •.o,: .··~··.··-~:.· •. ~~· •. "" .. ·;·.•:"·•· •. 4 ,;.·:o. ·.·····_-·. ···~·.'.·~ .tJ/. ··'"' .... ,_

··''''··•·P.·•;~;.:·~·~•.o··.•0.· •. 1~0~;·.···.7~·'·.'11.•,:":·.~.-:o·,· ... ~.···.Q·.· .:··~•:o····;' .••. !.·.:~.-~i.!'.•::•·"':· .

'''''·· .•. ·•· ...... , .•.... ···•.-.,. ..... ! 0 ,·, ••• o .. ·,·o •.•.,.·.• • •·••·.•0 • ..... ·.o: 0 • .... -.o· .. :, . ..,,•·a• •·P

,\~ ..•. : o: -~~ '· .•. ;. :. . , 0 •• •.; : 0 •• '. Q._ •• ·.;.: •• : •• ; ...... _ ... ,. : ... •• • ....... ~,. • .... -=>·· •• :- ••• ••• ••• • .. - .. : I• •• • • •O • . .; ••• • ••• : • ••• ,\I •• 4:'"·' •• ·, :· •• • ·~ ~: .o•: ··; :. • • .- .. •. ".:. ·~ ••. • .. o . • •: •. :..: • .. :•·. o•, ·o •• ·~ .. •: ~-: .• ~ •.•·.I•• Q• •.•a• • •. • •• '·.; ·., :• • . •• • • ;,•. ·•. •

·''''-. .... • • • • •• • .... 1 •• ... • • ,.; • • .• •• .. .·, • • •• o •••• • , • • • •• • • ........ • ••••• o , • . · 0 .• •., • P • e.·. ·

,, ":,,_ .... ;·::".:~: ... :··":·~:-:;:~~~,:~~~~;e~,:gHr~~:::?:,.;)·~~;: .. :~'.:~;~;};;~_::'.t{~?:i)!j·i~ ~:::_.' ; ... ~·A\%},f .:. ·;:~· .'t,11,_ ·'''· ,,.,_ ... .-~ -~: .. !·~:.···.o·~·.-:~-·:-·: ... :.·f::j. ~-~·· :- ., • •• : .• ·.·~·;::. ·:-~. ~: ~-:;~· .. ·:. :. .. • .. ~·.:-:: .. ;.~ :: ··:· ·C:' :·~·· :.o .•. •:.:o.:···:~•. ~::: ~:~-· .o -· • l\111111, ,1,, ,.•·•· ....... •. -:· •• ·.; ,·:.i:-··.,·.1••0··;·.o:.,":.•.o'"'· ·o···.o·•·:··· •O:••.• ~;·w:.:.o.".··.•. o ..... • :_-':!· • .··o· ··~··c;;, ••o.;.·o .. •'"Q,:.·•

•• :>~: •• L, ,. '''''· ·' •• 0··.~· :.•·o··o;· •. o.: .•.. •.· .•... ;•.0,.·•.•,..,..• ... •.·. •.'O·: .• :,·:.,.•.·.-;~.·.·:.•.o·-a· ;. : :.•:.·.1·.·.·,·-· ..... ·,· .. ·.·~·1 .·; .·.~:::···;- •l\1~·-'''·· • -~ 0 .... ·-· • ••• • • .,·.···· . .,. •' ·,.•-· •• 0 ·• •o .;. •1 • ·• o,• • • • • · •· •• 4 t:i·····•o • · .. • ..• ; ·., •• · 0

•·•··"·~·--· o:.,, 1.:· '' ..•. ··~;.:~ ... !>·:·::.~~:.·:o7••.·;:-:•:~ .• :.o·:···.'~··.•:.:· .. ··: .... , .. o•;.·:a·.·:·~··o·•o··-::· a . .-;· ... ~ ... · .. ~ .... , ........ ~~·-_;,.·: ... o.; . .:. .••O·,:· -:.-.•···· •·1--·•o • • •'". • • •f.•'":. •·1·'· •.. •.·.,.• o.11 • ·•.• • II'• •••••••• •P ...... • .. • o·• •• •·o·.·.· . .,••o.• . .,.o.··•. • ,·· ~-·· ••• •. • •• :-o· '·. D~ '.·Q· I••·. Ji.•-~ • •• • • ,·o ••• •r.. • ~ '! • •. · •. ·• ·•· ~··. ·.·• • • • ,· ·o .. ! . IJ. ~ • .,: ,. • 7 o • •• o ; ~ •.' .·; 'o -:, .• •• o:,; ·' .:. •• ,· • • .,.,,. .. • • •, • • • • ·,·.4·.o• .. • •" _·o .' •o' •. ,· • • • • .'" • • •. • •• o. • .. ~ ·••·

-·.·~·.~ft.··.·.·.'.·_·.~.·-~.·· .. ·• ·~··_. · •. = . "" ... . . . . .. . -,.. .. _ _ _ • • ,· ... ·!.: • .,.· • • • .. ·~ · -:· ": • ,.· . ;o~. ·.o·:•. ·~·.·: •. ·.;•. ·~ · ,. · .. !' • .... : ~·. ·• • • ·: · .• •. ·~ ". • ·•· • ·.":. :: ·,.~· .. · ...... ~ 0 ; • : .·O: · ... • i.' •; :-:·o: • ... - · • • .! ~ • # ·~; -·~·· • ! ~ · ~ :.:• · -: ·,.':' .:•·' .. ,"::· :"_·.' C:i ···: ~. • •••• j, ,·-:···; o· ,o·.·· .. -.: o, ... .' e,· .. •4:1.: ·, o'·' ;.o. • ... · • ._,; ~ .... · .. ·,·. ··o: .. ., •. ·: ~4~ ,o .• .. ,;.' •. :· ~ ·;: ·:. :o •. ·.o.

'f>.-1,-•.~ l ... •·.\.,.• , .. , ...•. t.·•·•.,•·.·.,·· .. ·o·•p •'o'•- .. •·• 1.• ,••. • ••• o... .o '.o!e.!•••.•.·.···o •••. ~ ..... o· .. ·o·•·,a •• .:>. " • • ..,. t 'I• I • \. •

0

• • 0 t I O • '" •.,. ' • I 0 - • • • • ., 'I/' t 0

• • • '" • • • • • 0 I I "' '"• t • I 0 - • • "f 0 • 0 • • t • O • "., "" "' • • • • • • .•

·o -· . '0 .·:-o-~ C:". ·c:a.:. ~ .• : ; .. ; •• ·-~·. o.• .• .: .o .: • ·:· ;· • . -:·. ·:- .• .- • . .-:·0·' ·c: ... ·C>:. ~ .. : • • ... ·-~·. o.· •• .: _o .: • ·:· !•. : ~· .. ;.·.': ~-· ....... -o•. ·~: ···:· .·:: ·' o• ~ · ••. ·• ~ ,• .;..'• ·I'.·.•.•.:".\.! .... • '"o·.·o. ~ ·~ ·~··., .1

•" ·." .o •• '• .:· •• o .. ""·~ "'!'" ~ ... ~ ... ~. • ....... '.: ! .~ .• .. • .. ·• ·~··. • .' ·' ·." .o •• •, .~·. ~o ,o; .•. ~-:. ·o:: ... ;.•.: ~·: :•: -:·~- ~' .• ,"~c. ~ • :.~.: ;_-~.~-~.-~:_~· l' .-:~·· .. 0 \ 0 •• • ; • ~ ••• .o· ... ' -~ •• • ::,· ·o :-·: a~"· ... ;: !o;J • '~ •••• •·o ·• ':' ~ •. 0 • • ~ ••• .o .•• " -~ .. • ;;,· ·a :-·: q; 'b ·.,: f • • ... • ....... 0 .• . .: ... ~ ': •· · •. o ..... ~. ~ • ...... • ..

:' .. "• •. ·t-:;.~·--!~-~ .. ~ ~-':~::;_;~.·.::~-.. ~-~:···~·-::-A:~.::::::=.:':~:~ ~::~·:~·:·i:~:: r. ·. ~. ~-':~:#~ ;~;.:: ~--~-~ :···~·-: :-_,· J:·:··: :: =.:; ~-~=.:::: -~ ~··.~ .:.'! ;:•:·;·:!_:.'"a:::°.: •• :::· .:.c:·: .. 1·. ·•"o· ... ~···-· • • •• ·' •., • ·• • • • '·'1-i:.· .·6~0 •. • ......... ,. • • • .... ' •. • ·•• ••';ca.# ..... o •• · •. • ·o·'"4ll .a•· ... ·.···~ •. a· ...

··:··.~-~·.; .. -. ~ .... ·.·~·o·• ~~:.·•·a· .• :·o ··o·:·~· .. ~·.: .. ,...,.·.~· .. ; .... ~~---~···o·• ~o·:.·•·a· .• .-·o ·.,;··~· .. ~· ...• ·. ·o···.·· .. ·.-:.··.:.:······o:• •. o·. -..... . *o•.•·· 1·.o·. ·1··.· ··.• •. ':. # •. • •• • •• ; ••• ·,,1. • • o· ...... ·-.• ·. ':. # • •• • •• • ••••• •••••• o • ·.·. ,·.·•·.• •. ·· ••.•·. • .·. •"" • .•. • •1••1 ·'·,'·· o•o •O .•,.. •\;"• *'*'•· ••• · •. ,.,,•.•· • ... o•o •O ·••·•f;;• #•e.• ...... • •o.,.,•• ••'a ·•·•·4 . . =-.~: .. ~: .'· .. o :-···.•.'.•: .• · .• · .··· •. • .. ··.o:;,·.:• ... :o ... :•: ._.: .. · .'· o:·.-· •. •.•.•:.: .• · . .- .···,.· .. ··.o;; .,:· .. ···o •. •.•.o •• ··.·'?'·· .:_:-· ... ,· .. · ." ::.· ;:.·.·: ·•o •._,• • 0. Jo;.' ··:·jl•. ·~ :·:·.b·'· •. o .•. •·o .- ~· •• •· .... ;,,'·':· • • .•... O.' ,,,•a;.'.•·.: • •'! ••,·· c.·' .•. o .•. •·o .• !'• •• , ••• ~ ;,,"·::.~.;! •.• "":. • .·!. •.• : ~' o •• • 0.; ... • • .•·o ~ ;; ~·: •" • :: •:.a·. ':o·::.. t .. t •. ·.- : ~ • ...... ':. • •. ! : ·.: : ; •· ; o· ,·~·a·.'·:-~ · .. · . t ·-.... ; : ~ •• -~ •• : • • • .:. : ·.: : ; •• ; o:.: ·.'. • . : o:. ~- : •. • •. o ... o·· .. ~ . .' •. #. • .. • ••• : •• : • ·O •• '.•·. -:.· .' .. : · :• :o •J." ·-:' • • • o · 1:• ·:~ •• • • : ~ o·' · • ; . : •• ,.:. · ··•. •• ~ .. , ·o •.' ·~ ·, · o · ':• ·:~ .• · • : ~ o· • · • · •• • .- •:. • • ~ • •• •.: ~ : • •· •. ~ ~·: • . 0

• •. •. I. · •· .·· · ct..•,.. , .•. ._ 0 •·.• ••• • •·· •• o., 1 • ... ·•·• .•o.··.· ,. ....... ._ 0 • •• • •• •• •••• o.·.o., 1 • •• _..·a• • ·• ••.•..•• • .. • ... • ,• • ·•·'· J •• ·'/· .•· ••• 41.•.·•c>. • •• ·• • ·.·.·.~·.·.:.• • ••• , •• • .. :.. ~-•· .•· •• ·•.·.·•o .. , .. ·• · .•. , .• ·.!..•.·.·· .. o,:·.·.·~.·:.o .. o.•.:·e· .; .:.!',~~.:·· ,.,.:••.-.·~: .1~·•1d•t'"•o·•d••1•• •.o• • "'•O• ,•. •. Q'"I''"~•. O•••d•t••O•""O••i•'" "'•O•~.· ••o• ,,•. • .. 0 •• •'•• • ••••' •• • •• • .,••,. •o • .• C.

• • ••••• • • • ,,. •• • ·O· • •'' "" •• , •• • • •·· • ••o •, .o .. • o'• ·•·• ·••• • ,. ·a·· ·o·• ,,., ... ~ .:. •·- .··~. -~ ·x · .... _.'!'·:. ·.:. ! o... . • • o ..... .- ..... o; •.. • :- -a-.: •.• a..:: .. .- ·"':!'·:. ·.;. ~ ·o .. ..... i o ..... .- ..•. o; •.. .-. ·:o ·.: ..... : : ·~ ..... : .... -;. . •. ; ... ··, .. . :. : ·.-: .. •:,. · .. i·· !: .':';.::~·· .":·.: •...•.. :. :· -:::·: .. ::-:-:· :·:: :·.'' .·.-: :_ .. :; .,;._:.· f. i; .'.-~:~·· .":·.: :·· ~ ·:.o. :. : ..... ·::·:· ::->: :·:: :··. ·. ·:-. :. .o.:. ·. ;: .... : ··o: :. :. ~ •. ; ~ ·.-.,.. .. -~ 0 •• •,•., •• C;).>.;. t ..... ·o· · .··· . , • · • :. •·0 •1 0:•.•..,o •••• • ·,.l\S · · · ·, -·o· .. ··· . :..0 • • • ~ •·0 •1 0 ... • ...... ·o •••• -o •• a·.• - •G• ·• ........ ~· •• ·~···.J. ~ .•

6 •• ••• • ... • 0 .... a·.· ... ·•· .. -:.··· .. o .• o~ ... ·.•·~··.· · ... '.-·-::o ... o·.·.···.· .. -:.··· ._.o .••.... ·~ .. ··.·.'·:-·. ~·' ~, ... ~ ~ , • . .. . ... li . . -· .... , .. , .. o .o • .• 0 ............. ' ......... o.·. ,. . . .......... o .o . •• 0 ...... - • • • • • • .. • • • 0 • • • ( •.• ,,, .... ~

:~:·:•.:;.-,: ~.:· .·.· , .... ·.:~·: .• ·o· .; : :.•." .o .• ·: ·'! •: .. ·.;·-4:;:~:.·:;.-:o·~···,<-:-:.·,.:·:·.··~·: .• ·.o·.;: :.•." .o.~: ·'! ·:.•.;:·~·'• :·.~;·.=.o·.·,;·; ... · :; 1;· ~ f': 0

•: o."'.~~ • • . •:o·.: •:o·: .; 'Q• ~·! 0 :, •a:-~:; 0 •• ··::· ~: ·~· • ·o:~o~' :.'. ~;·:o·.: •:o·: .; "Q• ~ ! 0 :, •o: .~:; O ... .. ·;:· .: :~··:.;: • ·q··:: ... ..... : '-.·., · ~. ~ ~ ::.· ...... · ....... ··.·.·-···· ..• ·,g ..... • •• ··.t:t :··o· ..••..• ; ........ ,.··.-..•. , .•..• ·.o····· .. ··.t:t ::·o.·:o·:.· ........... a·. ,, w r:.:a (. c:x> ~:. •.: .• o•.•'";;.~~·.-e.:1:.~··.;~D···: ;,.-.:,, 0.·.~,=.•.::~:•.•.:.:.•.; .. o•: .. ·,·.-.-~·.--.:1:~··.:~a.i • ~~· 0•• • :•.··: :•.• ...... •.,••• ·~· =···r~ n w \ \.Jl •• , •. ·.' ..•... •.· ..... ~ .... · .... ···~. .. .·.Q.. .. • .~

.14 ·.c...;.J • 0~, ·~ . ~ .~ ,:- ·· ... ~ ....... ~ ;: " .~ ··""' ....... · .. ::- :...· ..... F .::- -:..._ .:-- ~ ~ -~ •· !--_... _... ';.._·~- .~ .·::. ... ~ ·::..· .. :: ... f.'!.. . , . !;: .·A • , • ~ ~ .•' ~= ,} ·;;;_ .::- ';.. .°F" ':;. - •• ::::-. • ·::_ .. If. ... ,~ ~ <J ... ~ ~ ,·. .i:: . .: .• .i:: ':.. .=-- .·' :" .:- - .. ::: ,.. :;. - F ..:· - .::- ~- ':.. ;:- .·' ..... !:; F ..... .f . ~ ..... .:- ..... · ... ), ~ £!- _, ~ .... ·~ ::.. ~ ~ ... ~ . ·:::. ..... ::.. .. F -~ _ .:- ~ : F .. ~ ·" i:. :~. :.. .:::- ·~ ,.::- ·• ·::. .. ·.=- .·.·-- -~ · ... ~ .. f , - ...

1.._ ·•It.: ~. W ~·:;: · __ .· ·~ .. ~ } ... :. _ ,:- !::. .• .F '!:;:.. .::: .:- ~ ::_ ... .~-:- ' ·• :- ;::._ .:- "~ .:- .-::. .•' -- • • • f .~ .. ~ .-::'

~,.;-, ... ~- s-..:} • .. G ;. .. - ··· .'£- .. " }:: ·/ .; ::. :: f } ~ ~ !:. -~ .~ ~- .• ·• . .:- }. . .... ·;,I#:::. • ..~ ~ J. - . _ ~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ J' '-i;:J J i ·:.. ~ . :. ·- E= : : ·._ ..... ~ .::- ~ ·" .~ ··~ ~ -';,,-.,,,,~ .. ~ :- f; ·::. .:- "'":- ~ }: . :;- "::: f .f ~':::..~a.~.· (, 0-., :.J ll... ~ !. - ~ f.. §:: ,::. ·:. .:::::._;' ."'.~ -~:-;:::.~_ ·::.. .. -_ .",-::. ... ·.~ .·.~· .·:::.·. i.. :.. }. .· ·~..::.~ f. .. s::.. ... ':.. ..... '"'· : :. ~ _.::- ~ ..... , ~ . .·. ~ w w . :- ~ e: .. :- -:.. :. tfll"!..... :-- :,.. .. . :- ;... .:- ;:- :.. '. :;.. :"-

·"'· ,,,,, . -~·· .. cy' . '4 " ~ :. :- -~ ·-:._ ·,.. • ~ ..... ~· • • • ·:. .:- ::. • !" } •• '::. .." :.. ~" ... '::: ·~ ·:.: ·- --~, ••. •. ~- • \.~ .... ~,fl> ,,1.· ':...';.:. ::- . ::.. ;:- ·~ !::.:. : ;*::.::.. i'::. ..... J:::···::._ ':. .. ~- ;:, ' .... • '.•'::--, .... ;:J.} ~ ,; " ~ ~ ~ ~ '4 ·~ :. ~ . . ~ F ...... ........ ~ :-. ::. --~ ~ .:- .::- :.. . ~ :::o- ...... ·:.- • :.. ..... ~ ~ .. • ...

J {.1.- .• ' 0 . {.,, ~ ...... C·.· .. ~ [:'. ·~ :\;)· :. ·':.\ -~ ~. .::- - - • .• ?' .\,'. ~ ·:.. .. _ ;: .-' ~ ~ ·=- F .· -~ ·" -~ .-:: . .... "~ ~ s ·" .·.: Q ~· ~, ~!!.."-·J 'l.J .... 'f. .,. "';} ,·:.. ., ~ .~-E:~ .:--;.- f . ~ ::. . ~ ~ :. .. :· .. : .. -.• · .• :=··--'.·:' ... ""' ~ ~ .... · ~ ,.,::.:...:-- .. :..:.. ... : .,,;" .::-. .:-- ~ :- ·'" ... ~ .. . : ... , ... ;: . . ::: ...... :-- .. :--:.. .;-~·:···.-·•::·11·-' - .. :· ~ (Ll}' ::- .· •• - , ::. ::::.:·~· r .• ·::._ .· · . . - :;· · • ~ - - · ;-o, • •• • • •••· ••. • · c. ~ :-~ .. -~ ~ : .• • (;·· • - ~...._ ;o-. :- .,. .n..._ • :.._ ~- -:... ~ .:-- ... ~\ ::" - .. .,:-. :::. • •• •.o .·o .•. •o· •o .. o • . ._, -'i,,1,1' ' ., • ;:- •. ~ • :·1 •:77. -:... - :.. ~ - ;:: • - .. .. .. - • •• ...... ~ .. • .... • • • • .. "" • • •••• ~; ' \~ .., . ~ .... :. ...... ~ """"'- ~ ::-- •• ~ .• 'E .. ,:-- .~ . . .. :.. .... .. . .... \:.. ...... - :- :::;... •• '~.. •• • .. - ........... • •• •Ill -:_,,,. ... Q " . • ~:.. ' -:. ~ ,.....__ r ,-.... =::-- • ,, , ; ::::. ::.. • - ·.. • ::..· .;"'"" ,,.... • • • • •.• • ;.. ' ••· • 'c., ·o• • .. • •. •' ·1 c:':"b ~ •. :"") ... ·;:. .. ~-· :;:-"?~.:..,. ·'··::....·'':, ., ::. .. $. E= •• :--~.-:::._!" .. . · ; ·:. ;- ..... ":"o:·~.:.·.•.o.o··· ••. •.·:···:·: •. ~ .. J ;.ii P.~ '~ :.. • ~-... • ·" ~ ... ·:..,:.... :-- ::. .• :--~ :..·o:,. - - ::;...~ ....... :"'- :;,..-:,.. • ..... •··.·•' •••• ,·.-··!'•a •••.

• "' , .. ,·) - ~ ~ =--- :.. :.. · ... I ·. == ~ .· ·.. . ·-:.. .... =- ...... = =- ~ :::: .~ ~ . \ ::..· •• ·- ~ :-••.•••••• ; , •• ··~-·· .. :--· • • :.· •• .. ' r, :... (;) Ci' '\.V' - • • . • ... " ~ • • • •' - - ,... ~ • :- :- . .• :- • :. :... :- • • ... • • •• ·• • • •" • .a. •t. •. o. . • • •• • • J :: ;·, .... . :- ~ · ... • ....... ·~ •'/ ~ ~:. • :,. .:- · .. ~ .:- . • ~. "• -:,.... .. -;,.. :::.~ \ ·.·.·.··:···!"'· • ....... • .. ·.:.' • · .... . .:--· .. :•:oJ' ~·o:

~ ·".J~"'~ ., .: ~:.. • .... ~ :: ,... ~ -:,.., ... :.· • .. ~ ::" :... .:..... · .. ~ :: :.. .:-· :..\•·-·· ,·.o,··.;·~-····.·.,• ~:.. ...... i,;, •••

~ #.;J ' :-·-:....::: .. ::::;:-- ;. .... ~ ... , .... '"·-:.. s·:. ~ :..:.- .· .. ·:::..· ·~:-:---· ..... -.~ .::-... .... -.: :'"'. 1 •"'.0;-~ •• ~.·-c.····;·:•:a:.~;,.~ ... ::-::.... · ... ,, ... -a..1·-';",.. ...... ,,.. ·' :... .,:::: :- ·.·:·~~.-i... : "'" :· ··-:..·:.. .:: :- ~ ........ · .... ~;:. :. .:" :=: •:';,.".·.·.":··'··~·;o:.·. ,· ... ·.:~-:.··:•.:.'··.·;~ ;,_..·.; .• · .:::--· .. . ~-~ -~·· ,· .•·. • f £ · -:... ·' "• . ;. ~ -=- .c- .. • • • •' ... ·• ....,.,_ ;:::: :- • ·., ., ... .,. • • • •• .. , co~.. :::: -. . r.· • 0

• • • ·• • • o • • • • · • .a.,·•. • .. t.v..• • ... •• .. o • · c:a •• • • • G • • ; ::. ·_. .::--- • f . • · 1• • ~ ._ :-... =-. -:o, =· ':..:- ::..··"!':· .• ·o.,.~. .,.:..~ ~ .• :..·o-·. ·.·.: ·· .• · ·:'.••.:;:: t.•·.:·• .'i:.':O •• o·'••.• .•. a·.'···'"···.o·. ··.··.·~:·.·:·~ :::...,~ ::::. ~" ,"O_.·,. •••• ::::. . -;-, .. ··~·1,•;.-~·:·t:a::.•.•.':.'.•.···'··. •o·.;•.·· . .;:·,·.:~-·.•:o:.•.a.';,:• .•.•. ~ .. _,, . .;o::·.·.·,• .• ·:o:.o,.•.,_ .. ,o••'\.·:··· ... •·;•.:o:•:• .. •·:• .. ::::--::.. .::-·o; :;j• ·,·:;•~, • .... • • • ,.o • • • ••••• • •• • o • • • •• ... ..• ·'· • • • • • ... ,, •• ~ •• , . . • . • .. • . . • • • • 0 • • • .., •••••• , • • • • • • • .o • - ~. _,I ;. ....• "·'······~·..,·a····•• o · ........ 0.·0 •• , •• , •. • . ., · ...... ,·.· .• •·· •,·.·•.·•··:..·,1·'·'·•·.0.,· ... , .•••... · •..... ,,\.·· • ..• ·•.· ... ·P'.,•'• • ~ :--- .. o•.• ~ .•. • • • .•.. •' •· • • • • _, -. ··•··•·"··••o'o·-,·······t• • .· ,., .. ,. • • •··. • •. • -. ·'/ ••••"'" •.o. •.,. .,.··~· ~. .,·· •• o • ._.• O.• ;.;;a·,. • .. •• • ~ • • -~ :• ::;- . •• • .; •. ;.,. , .. •· ... i•; • • • -~; .o • • .".:· ... · !'·: ·• .. ;o.:.. • ~ .. ~ •o ... • •• • 0. • ~.:: •·;\_: •O:: :• .~ .. ;. ~. • •.f ·• ; .::: ~ . ~ •' .~ ~ • •.>: . .-.-;;:.·:: ... -:.·.' .. ;: .. :;-:;;•::.:: .. · ... ·o·.·: ~ ~-, .:- ..•• · ·•:·~ .. =~.: ::c.·.·-·,·.:.~···.:.·~,:~., .. o··.,•.a.'::o ... •/:.···;.-::-:~~··:·0·.:·;~.!~':: .. :;:::... ;:- Fi '.·,·!':.·off•

• • • • .,, • • • • • • • • O· • .... ... • • • • • • • • • • • "' .. • ., • • • ' • • • ·, o • • .. '· • • · •a ~....... · • • 1. • 1

.... ·• ';: •• 1 rJt, ·,e•·o·~· •• •• •• ! •· •· .. ::-- :- ::.. .·.·, .• _.,,~.·,. •.'··•·· .•.·- .•. •o. •. •t:) • ...... ;.•·.;... •• •"•Q·•!.,_•.:·~ .o.··.'· •. '•\)'"~ I' l~ ~ (\•.·.o.,':" ••• • .•. •. •••fl•.,•••" • .:-- •••• • '• ... ,. ..•.•••• ···•• • • ••""' • ••• _, •••'"•ft'••• ::::- - •. .,r•••

•·•·•·•·.· d.~ ... •••• .·•·· ,.'.·o·. •::,. !::. . ~··•·•·•.:..; : • ..... •O• • o ·' o.·,·, •,; .• .o,.;, .• ,·· ..... • • •· ~."·-··.·.•.•a..':,.. ::.,h• .::::--., ... •.1..._·"'', • .. • • • • " • • • .• •' • • • ' •o -.. .. . • • .1-.. • .• • • • • • • • • - • • • • • • • • • o• • o • .Q • .... • • • • • • t.: • .._ -. • ... 11:1.•· •. -..;! 0~ •• -.· ·.•:.:,••·•··.•o:·.·•.'·, .• ~· .. :-·-:,...· ~ ~!····~ -~. ·":"' .. ~··;•.-.;:;.. .. •·•a.~-,.;e:.··, .. ::•;·."'.··.:··.·....:_ .... ··c:·:•· .. ~~:~t ,::-" .;:-- .,·O~":!"'!"! :·; .... •·;:· •• • . . ·.o • .,:·~;.:.·:·:~;:; ••• ·.o:. f, f'::. .. ··.o:,: .. ;,. .f:;. ;·.~~:~~:.;.~-.··.,.·;:"• •• >·•-··'!!.:•:··.; .. •.~:·.~;...,:-? ... a·.:·~·.:~.·:.·:~,.~ ·_ ... ~.-..~~·:::~: .•.·.·.··· i.·,o,' .• ·.·•: .. ·.··•·.·.· • .. ~ :-- .. ~·.·::.~ :c:. ....... ,.• ..•.• ~·.o ..... :•· .• · •. • .. ~·:o··.o, •. ··.•\.Q•.•o··••. ···/ ~ ···•i'- -~ 1• ... ;.o.• · .. •. , .. 0 ·,·····.0.·o,. .. 0 ·.-.·-:,...· ::- .••o.'~~ •"° .•·• .. • ... ·.,,•'•·.·••o .• ·.. . .•.... , ... ·~···,o~-· · .,:.,,.;.,,_ . . 0 . ,,.· •. ' .•• • • • • •. • • • .•: •o • ' •'. • • • .• .- C" .• .,, "• • ' • • • ' f: . . • .. ' • •. . ... . o. • • ; •• - • • o " ...... "". • • o , • • .. • .i: .. .,. • • •• ,. ··o • : "' • • • •. fA -:... ··-... ": • .

··,:.:~.·.·i-~ :-~·o··.··~:11\~··~.:·:·:a·.:·.o .•. ~·~· .. ~ :-:' .. · •. _~i:.:. :. ~o-·-··: .. ·.-·.~ .. ·=.:.:o· .. :-.:.· .. ·• s·:.:·~··.·:::·o..··:-.,.~ .. .-,~...:..:..:.;;;.:~~, a~ .. ~~Q_· ,•:.-•··~.•.o .•.~·.····-.·:••:o··-., .. .•. •,,·.,~ .. ' .. o.•.o:·~' ,f:' .·.:.·:~·.o-.··~ ... ·:. .. ,· .- .\:'-::.. ••• .. ·:..-:·.•: .. ·=.· . .. ~.....,."7-...... ,.' ·;.·~:t.~:.t~~~: .. :·~~::·.·:~··:::o::·~:.~,;·:7:.:~·,::·t ·~ ~ ;~:i:~: ~:J .• ~~~ ~~:~~ ;.•.:: ~ ~::-·~~ ·.:.-::::.0~0:: ~. ~ :.. .•'° .~~;~~.: :.~ .. : .·;:~ .... ;;;~~~ =·o: :_ •;:~ .":0

• . ·.; ,. :...-. ~-o:.-.. : .. · .• •· ! .•.· ., ·- • •••• •• ·.==. ::-· ••• :,;.·.· •••• • ·:..: • ; .··o· •.•· . • .,.o. • •. ,· ::..· ;::;. . ..· · .. · •.• •. •: ..• ~ ••.•... • ..

·.a.···:·•·.····~ •L14•• ·:·•0 •o • •• • •• ,. ••• • ~'·'···D·' •. 0:· .. ·~·· 0 • .'·.o·• .o .:··· •.•• ....... . ::-- . :.;....•. 0 ••• •: ·":.•. • • •.··~ -····!.·.·:ii·.:.· ..•.•.••.•..•.•. ,........... . -=· •.•.•.•....•... , .. , ......... ·•. ·• .• "·o·· - -:-> ....... ••••••• ·~ E .. · • · ·• o·:·.-·.' • '•0 • : .. • ,·11• •.•. •. ~ ·._-.-: ,··:-:. ~ :~ '"• ·.-: .. :.•:.·:.-.···; 0 '. ·.' ·•;:.·· ,0 •• _., • "'·o~ ·• • ~ ,·•.·:. F .:- · •. ··: ·. ·: .·o •-.i.: ·: · • ·: ........ -. :-· • • • ··~·;•. ="" •• o.;, ·4!,·,:·. ::.:.~·· : .• •. •.',. ·• -· ... · •. :; .,., o•:.:::::.... .• i::. :. ••• • •• :·. -; •••

Y ... . . . . . • . . •,.. . . . -· IJ. • • • ... .. • .. • • p ............ ~ .:... ,. • • • • ••

•·•·•·· ·i •• •·. ·:· ••.•. ,~ •. ~ .. _;.•., '• -a•.o .. • •• •.-•to• ......... ·' • ·o······· · ··-. •;. :•. ~;. o··~ · ·' .•: ,. ·.•• . ~ • ·• · : • ·· • '.o ,· •: ·, ·1., •.:., i:._ :., '·.··: .~ .. • •

• ~ · . ..:.. ··.•.· ... a: · • .·.' o · • • • , • -· :· •• ·• · • , .. : . ;; · : • • .' . • .... .:-.. , • .•. o

MAINLAND

... ,.;···4l:-:-,,·.-··-· .. -:.. $!' • • ··.: . . -.~·:;.•.:. ·: ;,~· . . :o:~ .... ~ <>·····. ...-~-

c Figure: 35 Yellow Perch #4

(1 cm=1 J • .5m)

Figure : J6 h #1 ) Yellow Pere (1cm=12,6m

86 Pumpkinseed Home Range Results

Home r~nge and primary home range areas of four pump-

kins eed we re exam! ned. Two of these fish, Pumpkinseed #2

and #6, each exhibited one home range and one primary home

range area. Two other fish, Pumpkinseed 114 and 115 each

exhibited a home range and primary home range of the same

area ••

Island Pumpkinseed #2's home range area measured 0.27

hectares. It was located off the southwest shore of the

island along stations IA to IB and extended westward 104

meters. This home range was in the same area the fish was

caught and released (Figure 37).

Pumpkinseed //2's· home range consisted of light weeds

and sand. The outer secti~n of the home range contained the

offshore island light weeds, while the inshore area was

entirely composed of sand. The edge of the heavy hedge row

weed was also found within this home range area.

Island Pumpkinseed #2 established a primary home range

that measured 0.11 hectares. This area contained a small

section of the offshore light weeds, an inshore sand area

and the light weed-sand ecotone. The edge of the heavy hed­

gerow weed bed was also included.

The majority of data locations for this fish were

along the light weed-sand ecotone as well as the edge of the

heavy hedgerow weed bed. Island Pumpkinseed 112 was never

tracked solely over sand or within light weeds as each day's

data indicated the fish at the sand-light weed ecotone.

87

Pumpkinseed #6 established a home range of 1.12

hectares. This area was located 85 meters north of the area

the fish was caught and released. The majority of the home

range was composed of the offshore light weeds although

parts of the heavy hedgerow weed bed and heavy weed bed #3

were also included (Figure 38).

Pumpkinseed 116 established a primary home range that

measured 0.23 hectares. This area of primary utilization

contained sections of the heavy horseshoe shaped weed bed

and the light weeds that border it on the east. The major­

ity of tracked locations position the fish within the heavy

horseshoe shaped weed bed. The fish was also located a few

times within light weeds and only once positioned on the

heavy weed-light weed ecotone.

Two of the other fish namely, Pumpkinseed /14 and #5,

each exhibited a home range and primary home range of equal

areas. All locations for both fish were never separated by

more than 60.69 meters or 200 feet from any other data

point. For this reason these fish were determined to have a

primary home range that was the same area as their home

range.

Pumpkinseed 114 established a home range and primary

home range area of 0.36 hectares. This area was located off

staions POINT to W and at its farthest data point from shore

extended outward 122 meters. This home range existed in the

same area the fish was caught and released (Figure 39).

Pumpkinseed #4's home range contained a number of dif-

88

ferent habitats. The inshore section of the home range was

composed of light weed bed #2 and the sand that surrounded

it. The outer section of the home range contained part of

the heavy horseshoe shaped weed bed and the open water that

bordered it on the north and the sand and light weed that

bordered it on the south. The majority of tracked locations

indicated the fish in and around the heavy horseshoe shaped

weed bed and its ecotone. The sandy area inshore of this

weed bed was also heavily utilized. Only once was this fish

found utilizing light weed bed #2 or within open water.

Pumpkinseed 115 established a home range and primary

home range that measured 0.23 hectares. This area was

located between stations A to C and at its farthest point

from shore extended outward 122 meters. The home range was

located at the same area the fish was caught and released

(Figure 40).

A number of habitats existed within Pumpkinseed #4's

home range. The inshore section of the home range contained

light weed bed #4 and the sand that surrounded and separated

this weed bed from the offshore light weeds. The outer sec­

tion of the home range contained the offshore light weeds

and the ecotone of the light weed-sand transition. The

majority of tracked locations for this fish were at the eco­

tone of light weed bed #4 and the sand that surrounded this

area. Five minute data revealed the fish over sand for most

of the tracking period yet also revealed the fish, every 15

minutes or so, to pass along the edge of light weed bed #4.

89

Pumpkinseed Home Range Statistics

Correlation coefficients were calculated between the

size of home range and primary home range versus fish size

and between size of these home ranges and days tracked.

There was no significant correlation between the size of the

home range (r=-0.34; p)0.05), or primary home

(r=-0.652; p)0.05) and the number of tracked days.

range

A non-

significant correlation was expected as each fish was

tracked enough times to reveal an accurate representation of

pumpkinseeds' home range and primary home range areas.

These correlations also indicated that home range

areas did not change with time. This was also noticed in

the actual plotting of the data as the home range and pri­

mary home range areas never increased or decreased in size

as more data was gathered.

The third correlation correlated the size of the pump­

kinseed to the size of their home ranges. The null hypothe­

sis stated that there is no difference in the size of the

primary home range and the size of the fish.

hypothesis was accepted; r=-0.284; (p)0.05).

This null

It should be noted that the range in sizes of the four

pumpkinseeds (13.9 - 16.0 cm) may not be large enough for a

meaningful analysis of the relations between body size and

home range and primary range areas.

90

TABLE 7

PUMPKINSEED HOME RANGE AND PRIMARY HOME RANGE RESULTS

HOME PRIMARY FISH RANGE HOME RANGE SIZE DATES

# (hectares) (hectares) (cm) TRACKED

I2 0.27 0.11 14.S 8-6-80 8-20-80

4 0.36 0.36 13.8 9-1-80 10-26-80

5 0.23 0.23 16 9-14-80 11-5-81

6 1.12 0.23 16 9-24-80 10-10-80

LEGEND FOR PUMPKINSEED ILLUSTRATIONS

C;. ·'"''·· ··~ ·:1, I •''' :·· . ,, '·· . •. • I

c _____ ~

-----------

Heavy Weeds

Light Weeds

. Sand

Open Water

Home Range Line

Primary Home Range Line

Shoreline

Island or Mainland as Indicated

91

''· ·'"·

··"· ··'''· ··"· ·'''·· ..... ''''· ·''· .... ,,. . .... ,, ···''''·

·''·

·'"'·· ···'' ···~. ·'"' ··'''· ··''''

··"· ..... ··''''· .,,, ·'''·

···•·· ·''"' ... ,, ··"'· .. ,, ··''· ·"'' ·''· , ... ,, ....

,, ., . .., ....... . .. .... ,,,, ·"''"•. ··"

~ .. ,, ,.(,,_ ... ·'''··

·'''' ''''· .u. '"'

·''· ·•''· ·'"'·· ..... 11,

··'''·· ·'"· ·'''·· ··'''·· ··'"·· ··'·· .1\1 •• ...... ··'''··

:::1 -'-:1 ~~

r;i 1· ("M' .,..,,.... • J8 .I. bl.A. ... ._.

Pumpkinseed #6 (1crn=16.6m)

<.·:-.. --~ .. ,. .. '''· ·"· ··'··· ·"· ••• ,,. . .. ··''· ""· ·'"'·. ·'''· ,,,,, ·'"· ·''"' '"· ,,.,, '"'· :~~,~· ·'"'· ·''''· ,,,, .•• ,,. ,,\/,, ·''''·~~:~·:::··:~:~:.:::·::=.:::.:~;:··.:~· .. ·:;· .. .-:~:·:~·;·:··:::. ~ c 0 ~ . V . . ''' • ·'''''· u ,\ft I I \I '''' ·'"' ·• .•:' ••. •.•.•"•"••"•,.•I••'•••• •• • •• I, (111- ,\Ut.,, f ·''''· ·~\I, ·):'_.~~ ·•"· ·'' 1'• . '•. "''\I ;,,""'/ ,\I. ,,\/1 " '• II ·''"'· ';:~··.,·:~·.~~··.-.:·.~·:::.· •• ··:.-.·.·\:•• ~-..~.~·: ·l .~II.. ,111,, - r ,If. -'"'• •. I ~-•'j ("., .:J ~. • ,11, "''· ··""'·· ,.11, •• "W;t'f: "''1 ,\If, ""• ,.,111., ' ·:,,,, ·•''"· u •• ·:~.=~~~::::~.:;;::,:i;:::~;:::_:::::i:~·:::::·.:~:°:'•:-:~:::.:.

•. • .v •. '''• ~ ~ 4 '•, ,,\/., \I, ''''• ·•I. ;I"' •''i' ,.,\11, • tit, .,,,:1, •''~ ::•:::·.~·:.".•:;:.:; !•~::• .• •.•:_.:.: ... ·.:·.: ... ·.:·.:~:··•:.•:•' .,\\\I•, ~I •• ··'"'• •''""'· ·''•·I ¢ ~ p .•UI.. • ,\\11, '"· -' • .ll ... · • .,. ·'''·· ,,\II,, ·''''·,\I,,'~• .:\\/, • •. :::::.:.~~·::•:.;:•::.:::·.·:::.:•::~•:•;;::::·:.~.:::·:::•.::-::·:·.:.:.i_.:

·'''• ,,\\\1,, .\f., J (~ c;•• r •••flt, ,\I,, ,\\t/,, ,...-,,tt/.. \\ ''• ,\\/,, I ,\((,, ,,\I,, : • ; .. ;:: : .. •: •::• •.:".=•.;•::•,•:: :::.~:. :: ~··•.•,.•: .•,.•:•. •:.•: .... •.•! •.: ~ •,. ... . ·''''••, f:- \ •\l1 ,•'"'· ,It,, •'"'· ~I, •• '/ Hi.. ,,\I,. ,\If.. ..1.. :'~~'::::::·_;:.•:.:-;:;.~::::::•::.:::•:::::: .. ::::.•:.:·.•::::.:•:·:~".·.•:,

,\, ·•'"·· ,,\,I,, ~ ~ ,,\/, . •' f,. ·'"• ~;,>- • ··'"'· ,,\(~ I ,\\11, \ ,,\\1., ;'~'! • •:•: ::_::::•::,•~ •:•:· •. :. ::::::<[~.\-..;.,-..:. ;;: ::,,'r.. ~\I·•·.,.,, ........ :.:·.-.·:: •• •. '" ''''· • ,,,, 1'11"1_ "

"·· ·'''··.. •, ''''''·· ··"· ··'"''· ·'''·· . . ,,, ''•. ·''''· ,,.,, ·''''· ..... ,.. ·'"' ·"·· ,,, /, ·'"'· ·'"· •'''· .1U. ''''·· '"'· •'"''· I . ''"'· .. ,, •'''· .... '-.

'"··

:•-;. .:t•:•:•:• •: .:: •• ::.·.:e.····•····::•: ,\\1,;·: ··: ...... •. :.::-.:.:·: • .-•• ~· ·,··-.··:·:·:··:.~.-·· : •• :·.·::::·•:.·. ·: ... ;.·.·:.· •••. ;r. :.·. :• .·.·.· .•:: ::. ·. . ll ,t,:·.·~·: ... • • :~- :.-::·.~· =:~:::::•.:;:::~:=~=:: ... :·:.::.:::~'I. :.:.·:::·.::·:::.::: ::.·; :: .•;: :: l :·~ ,:·~·t ::: ::~: ~:.: !·. ~ ~~' ~.! :~·:~ ·:· :·:·~·::·: ~ ~-·.·:· ::·.;::~:.:.~ :~~~·:~·: :·: ~·~·:=·:·.'· ·'' ,, ..• • ••

• • • ·······~ ......... •• ,, '· :-::::! ·=.~··' ·.;·:·::-. :. -.;·.~.~·.\· ... ··: :::.:·· .·: :: ::~·.·::.: :: :::•·-:;.:.·::.·.·::··:·.·:-·.-.··:·· ~: .. ·.·: "''.L.--~:;;;;--. . .....................• ·:.··· ·····~·=··· .......................... ~··.

Figure: 40 Pumpkinseed 115

(1cm=9.4m)

• • •• • • ·' ... \.·,::.·····:.:·.·: :: •• ~- •• ;•:.•:.:·.. ·!".•.

96

HABITAT PREFERENCE RESULTS

Cedar Lake consists of five different habitats: heavy

weeds, light weeds, sand, open water and edge of weeds.

Heavy weeds were of the Myriophyllum sp. and occurred in

large dense clumps that grew to the surface of the water.

Light weeds were Potamogeton sp. and tended to be distrib-

u t ed uniformly and we re usually submerge n t. An open water

area is where the water was deeper than 5.5 meters and

exhibited no visible macrophytes. The edge effect or eco-

tone is the .area 1.5 meters on either side of the transition

between heavy weeds and light weeds, sand or open water.

Areas of the five habitats were measured from the

hydrographic map of Cedar Lake with a planimeter. The per-

cent area of each habitat was determined. Heavy weeds com-

posed 8.7% of the mapped area, light weeds 27.2%, sand

31.9%, open water 23.3% and edge 8.9%.

Time spent by the various fish in each habitat was

determined by alloting one point for each tracking day.

When a fish was tracked more than once during the day, or

over an hour time, this alloted one point was divided among

the various habitats based on how much time the fish spent

in each habitat. Data points were then totaled in each

habitat for each fish. These occurrence values were then

divided by the percent of the habitat. This method was

employed in order that each occurrence point would be

weighted according to the amount of area that habitat encom-

97

passed.

A non-parametric randomized block analysis of variance

by ranks (Friedman's test) was performed on the data. This

stastical test determined if all habitats were perfered

equally. This test also took into account effects by indi-

vidual fishes' on the data. If the null hypothesis was

rejected, a multiple comparison test for ranked data in a

randomized block format was performed to determine among

which habitats differences occurred.

Largemouth Bass Habitat Preference

Eleven largemouth bass were studied to determine their

habitat preference. The Friedman's test revealed a

2 x ==17.65; p)0.05, revealing that the mean number of occur-

rences per area of habitat was not stastically similar in

all five habitats. The non-parametric multiple comparison

test revealed the following: L..J!. L S O. This diagram

reveals that edge and heavy we eds a re preferred equally.

Also heavy weeds, light weeds, sand, and open water are pre-

ferred equally yet edge is preferred over light weeds, sand

and open water. This ambiguous result of overlapping simi-

larities is not uncommon for this stastical test and usually

occurs as a result of the test not being powerful enough to

differentiate, in this case, which group heavy weeds belong

to. This stastical test did reveal that the ecotone is pre-

ferred over light weeds, sand and open water by largemouth

bass. This again substantiated the already stated heavy

98

utilization by largemouth bass of the ecotone habitats.

Bluegill Habitat Preference

Nine bluegills were studied to determine their habitat

preference. 2 The Friedman's test revealed a x =17.67;p<0.05,

indicating that all habitats were not preferred equally.

The non-parametric multiple comparison test differentiated

the following habitats: H L S E 0. This stastical test

revealed that for bluegills heavy weeds are preferred

equally to light weeds and sand. Also light weeds are pre-

ferred equally to sand, open water and edge yet heavy weeds

are not preferred equally to open water or edge. Again

ambiguous results were attained. It was found though that

bluegills prefer heavy weeds over open water or edge. This

was also observed in the actual data as bluegills were found

to spend a great deal of time within heavy weeds.

Pumpkinseed Habitat Preference

Five pumpkinseeds were studied to determine their

habitat preference. The Friedman's test revealed a

2 x =5.81;p>=O.OS, indicating that there was no significant

habitat preference or: H=L=S=O=E. This result was expected

as the actual raw data indicated pumpkinseeds utilizing all

habitats except open water equally. The inability of this

test to differentiate a low preference for open water may be

a result of not enough data due to too few fish studied. It

is apparent that open water was not preferred by pumpkin-

99

seeds as Pumpkinseed #4 was the only fish positioned within

this habitat.

Yellow Perch Habitat Preference

Four yellow perch were studied to determine their

ha bi t a t p re f e re n c e • T he Fr i e d man' s t e s t r e v ea 1 e d a

x2=6.16,p)0.05,· indicating there was no significant habitat

preference: H=L=O=E=S. These results were expected as the

raw data indicated perch utilizing all habitats except open

water equally. The inability of this stastical test to

reveal a low preference for open water was probably due to

the small number of fish studied.

100

TABLE 8

LARGEMOUTH BASS HABITAT PREFERENCE

(occurrence I habitat proportion)

Largemouth Bass # HEAVY LIGHT SAND OPEN EDGE

1 0 1. 2 6.3 0 18.7

2 11. 4 3.7 1587 10.3 124.8

3 24.9 3.7 3.2 4.3 41. 2

4 0 3.7 7 • 9 0 2 8. 1

5 17.2 0 0 0 16.8

6 0 18.4 5.3 8.5 14.9

7 0 3.7 11. l 0 28.1

8 2.3 1.8 11.1 0 67.4

10 0 18.4 31. 6 0 78.6

11 11. 5 3.7 6.3 0 11. 2

12 80.4 36.7 0 0 11. 2

101

TABLE 9

BLUEGILL HABITAT PREFERENCE

(occurrence I habitat proportion)

Bluegill II HEAVY LIGHT SAND OPEN EDGE

1 23 7 17 0 7

3 0 4 13 0 0

4 34 5 2 0 0

5 11 2 8 4 0

6 11 4 2 0 6

7 21 7 6 0 82

8 46 11 0 0 34

9 23 18 3 0 0

-10 34 18 0 0 0

102

TABLE 10

PUMPKINSEED HABITAT PREFERENCE

(occurrence I habitat proportion)

PUMPKINSEED II HEAVY LIGHT SAND OPEN EDGE

2 0 5 1 0 26

3 11 0 3 0 0

4 96 4 21 6 26

5 0 22 11 0 39

6 29 13 0 0 11

PERCH II

1

3

4

5

TABLE 11

YELLOW PERCH HABITAT PREFERENCE

(occurrence I habitat proportion)

HEAVY LIGHT SAND OPEN

29 11 11 0

27 45 17 0

46 33 3 4

0 7 9 0

103

EDGE

22

67

11

0

104

SWIMMING SPEEDS

Swimming speeds were

bass, seven bluegills, six

measured for eight largemouth

pumpkinseeds and three yellow

perch. This study was done to determine swimming speeds in

different habitats.

Swimming speeds were determined by measuring the dis-

tance between two triangulation points. One assumption in

measuring swimming speeds is that the distance between the

two points 1s assumed to be covered by the fish in a contin­

uous straight line swim. This assumption is similar to Dia­

na's (1980) who measured swimming speeds of Northern Pike

via radio telemetry.

The average swimming speed in the various habitats are

listed for the largemouth bass, the bluegill, the yellow

perch and the pumpkinseed in Tables 12, 13, 14 and 15

respectively. A single factor analysis of variance was per­

formed on the four species data to determine if the swimming

speed was similar in all five habitats: H==L•S•O=E. This

null hypothesis was accepted for largemouth bass

(F::al.31,p)O.OS), bluegills (f-2.48,p)O.OS) and yellow perch

(F::al.31, p)0.05). This indicated that the swimming speeds

did not vary as the fish swam thru different habitats. This

also indicated that there is no correlation between habitat

preference of the various species and swimming speed. One

possible reason is that there is a great deal of variability

in swimming speeds. This is exemplified thru the actual

range values· listed in the tables.

105

Also this method may not

be sensitive enough to reveal any subt 1 e changes between

habitats. This could be due to the assumption that the dis­

tance covered between locations is a straight line. One may

need to look at the patterns of movements in the various

habitats as this may be more of an indication of how these

fish forage for prey.

The analysis of variance performed on the pumpkinseed

data was rejected, (F=l5.5, p<0.05), indicating that the

s w i mm i ng s p e e d s we re no t s i mi 1 a r i n a 11 ha b i t a t s ; H = L = S =- E •

Open water was eliminated from the analysis as the fish were

never tracked for five minutes solely within this habitat.

The Newman-Keuls multiple range test was then performed on

the data to determine in which habitats the swimming speed

differed. This statistical test provided the following

results: H,..L•S=E. This result was expected as the average

pumpkinseed swimming speed in heavy weeds (5.1 m/minute) is

twice its swimming speed in other habitats. This result

could not be correlated to habitat preference as there was

no significant habitat preference exhibited by the pumpkin­

seed.

Body lengths per minute were also determined for the

four species of fish in each habitat. These results (Tables

12, 13, 14 and 15) do not indicate a great deal of differ­

ence either between habitats or between species. Again this

method may not be sensitive enough to reveal subtle changes

in various habitats.

TABLE 12

LARGEMOUTH BASS SWIMMING SPEEDS

HEAVY

Bass Ill range

Bass 112 2. 1 range 1.4-2 .4

Bass II 3 2.5 range 1.2-3.9

Bass 114 range

Bass II 5 10. 1 range

Bass 116 range

Bass 117 range

Bass 118 range

Average 4.8

Body Length/ 22.2 minute

(meters I minute)

LIGHT SAND OPEN

4.2 7.. 3 1.9-7.6 4.5-11.7

3.2 3.7 6.3 2.4-3.9 1.3-10.5 2.6-10.9

1.8 2.6 2.2 1 • 4-2. 2 1.7-3.6

1. 2

4.5 3.2

4.6 1. 5 1. 4-1. 5

2.0 1. 6 0.8 1.5-1.7

0.8 2.4 o.5-1.1 2.2-2.5

3.0 2.9 4.3

13.2 12.8 18.8

106

EDGE

6.4

0.9

4.1 3.5-4.6

2.5

2.2

3.2

14.2

107

TABLE 13

BLUEGILL SWIMMING SPEEDS

(meters/minute)

HEAVY LIGHT SAND OPEN EDGE

BLUEGILL Ill 6.3 1. 6 2.5 3.9 range 5.3-7.2 0.6-2.5 .49-5.7 0.5-9.26

BLUEGILL 112 2.9 0.89 range

BLUEGILL 113 3.7 4.9 range 2.7-8.4

BLUEGILL 114 3.4 6.0 3.6 range

BLUEGILL 115 2.7 4.4 range 2.9-5.7

BLUEGILL 116 1.8 3.5 1. 8 range

BLUEGILL 117 1.4 1.0 2.6 1. 4 range .61-2.2 .34-2.0 1.2-4.1 0!45-2.4

-----------------------------------------------------------Average 3.8

Body length/ 22.5 minute

2.4

14.5

3.5 2.6

20.9 15.5

TABLE 14

YELLOW PERCH SWIMMING SPEEDS

PERCH /11 range

PERCH #2 range

PERCH /14 range

Average

HEAVY

1.8

2.4

2. 1

Body length/ 10.1 minute

(meters/minute)

LIGHT

2.7

0.9 .04-1.5

8.8

4.1

19.9

SAND

4.9 3.6-7.3

2.6 2.0-3.4

2.3 1.6-3.1

3.3

15.7

OPEN EDGE

5.0

1.0 .01-2.6

3.0

14.4

108

TABLE 15

PUMPKINSEED SWIMMING SPEEDS

Pumpkin­seed Ill

range

Pumpkin­s eed 112

range

Pumpkin­seed 113

range

Pumpkin­s_eed 114

range

Pumpkin­seed 115

range

Pumpkin-

HEAVY

4.5 3.3-5.6

seed 113 5.7 range

Total Average 5.1

Body length/ 33.8 minute

(meters/minute)

LIGHT

2.9 0.7-5.0

0.9

0.7

1.1 0.4-2.8

1.4

9.3

SAND

0.9

2.4

1.2 0.6-1.6

1.0 0. 6-2 • 2

1.4

9.3

OPEN EDGE

4.0 1.8-4.57

0.6 0.5-0.6

2.7

17.9

109

110

ORIENTATION

During the course of the study it was observed that

the four species of fish moved between the heavy weeds and

the shoreline in directions that are almost perpendicular to

these two areas. Because of this observation it was thought

that theses two areas may be utilized by the fish as a means

of orientating itself within its home range. Also we might

be looking at a gross representation of these fishes' forag-

ing patterns.

The direction these fish were heading during each of

five minute intervals was determined. This entailed one

assumption, namely that the direction the fish was heading

was constant within each five minute interval. The percent-

age of directions headed by each fish species within four

compass sectors was determined. These four compass sectors

were divided depending upon the degree of the perpendicular

line that connected the two parallel lines of the shoreline

and the heavy weeds. In the eastern section of the lake

this perpendicular line has a degree heading of o0 - 180°.

Therefore, if these fish utilize the heavy weeds and shore-

line to orientate, the majority of directions the fish would

0 swim whould be within +45 of this perpendicular line. This

revealed the following four compass sectors:

-135°, 1350 -2250 and 2250 -315°.

In the southwest portion of the lake the perpendicular

line that connects the parallel lines of the shoreline and

the heavy weeds had a degree heading of 1350

111

315°.

Therefore, the majority of directions headed by the fish

should be within +450 of this perpendicular line. Thus the

following four compass sectors for the southwest portion of

the lake are: o0 - 90°, 900 - 180°, 1800 - 210° and 210° -

360°.

A heterogeneity chi-square was performed on each spec-

ies data to determine if the data could be pooled. For all

four species the chi-square was accepted; largemouth bass

2 x =17.74, p)0.50, bluegill 2 x =8.10, p)0.90, yellow perch

2 2 x =0.52, p)0.99 and pumpkinseed x =5.09, p)0.50. This indi-

cated that the data for each species could be pooled. A

chi-square was then performed on each species data in both

sections of the lake to determine if all direction headings

were utilized equally.

For largemouth bass located in the eastern section of

the lake the following percentage of directions headed in

h f th f t (315 0 - 450, eac o e our compass sec ors

are as follows: 40%' 9.5%,

37.2%, 13.3% respectively. The chi-square was rejected .,

(x-=62.04, p(0.001), indicating that not all directions were

utilized equally. The actual data reveals that 77.2% of the

directions these fish were heading were within +450 of the

perpendicular line that connects the outer heavy weed beds

and the shoreline.

In the southwest section of the lake the following

percentage of direction headings in the four compass sectors

112 0 . 0

( 0 -· 90 ' 0 0 0 0

180 - 270 and 270 - 360 ) were

16.7%, 31.7%, 12.7% and 38.9% respectively. The chi-square

2 was rejected (x •23.14, p(0.001), again indicating that not

all directions were utilized equally. Again the actual data

reveals that 70.6% of the observed headings were within +450

of the perpendicular line that connects the shoreline and

heavy weed bed.

These results reveal that largemouth bass utilize,

over 70% of the time, direction headings that are within

+450 of the perpendicular line between the shoreline and the

heavy weed beds. Thus these fish seem to utilize these

areas as a means of orientating within the home range.

All bluegills were tracked within the eastern section

of the lake with exception of Bluegill #3 which was excluded

from the analysis. This section of the lake reveals the

following four compass sectors: 3150 - 45°, 450 - 135°, 1350

0 0 0 - 225 and 225 - 315 • The percentage of directions headed

by these fish within each sector respectively is as follows:

36%, 14%, 35% and 15%. The chi-square was rejected

2 (x =23.14, p(0.001) indicating that not all directions were

utilized equally. The actual data indicated that 71% of the

directions that . 0

these fish were heading within within +45

of the line that runs perpendicular to the heavy weeds and

open water.

All yellow perch were tracked within the eastern sec-

tion of the lake. The percent direction the fish were head­

ing in the four compass sectors (3150 - 450, 450 - 1350,

135° - 2250 and 2250 - 3150) are as follows:

113

39%, 12%, 39%

and 10% respectively. This chi-square was also rejected

(x2=25.90, p(0.001) indicating that not all directions were

utilized equally. Here the actual data indicated that 78%

of the directions these yellow perch were heading were

0 within +45 of the perpendicular line.

All pumpkinseeds were tracked in the eastern section

of the lake. The direction headings by these fish revealed

the following percentages: 39%, 9%, 37% and 15% respec-

tively. The chi-square was rejected 2 (x =31.07, p(0.001).

This reveals that 76% of the time these fish were moving in

a direction +450 of the perpendicular line that runs between

the shoreline and heavy weed beds.

These results indicate that bluegill, yellow perch and

pumpkinseeds like largemouth bass spend over 70% of the time

moving between the heavy weeds and s ho rel! ne. This ind!-

cates that these species may be utilizing these areas as a

means of orientating themselves within their home range

areas.

114

Discussion

The largemouth bass established home ranges that

ranged in size from 0.18 to 2.07 hectares. These home

ranges were established in the same areas of the lake where

the fish were caught and released. These results are in

agreement with those founded by Lewis and Flickinger (1967)

who demonstrated in 3.4 hectare lake, with mark and recap­

ture techniques, that largemouth bass establish home ranges.

A study by Ball (1947) in a 4.0 hectare lake revealed that

the largemouth bass has no tendency to remain in a specific

area. My results along with Winters (1976), who radio

tracked largemouth bass and found the fish to establish home

ranges between 0.33 to 1.4 hectares, do not agree with

Ballw' conclusions. I believe that Balls' results were not

accurate because of his low number of recaptures and the

nature of his technique. Also just because a fish leaves

one area of the lake does not indicate that these fish did

not establish a home range. For example during the course

of the study two Largemouth Bass namely 112 and #12 each

established two home ranges in different areas of the lake.

This indicated that even though these fish left one area of

the lake they still established a home range in the other

area. Hasler and Wisby (1958) found that 68% of tagged

largemouth bass remained in one part of the lake. This

again does not indicate that the other 32% did not establish

home ranges. What it does indicate is that they did not

115

establish a home range in the same area where they were

released. This idea may also explain Balls' findings that

largemouth bass do not remain in one section of the lake.

There are two possible reasons why Largemouth Bass #2

and #12 left their original home range areas. One posssible

explanation is that Largemouth Bass #2's home range and pri­

mary home range were partially overlapped with Largemouth

Bass Ill and #3's home range and primary home range during

the same time period. This fish may have left this home

range because of low prey availability due either to exploi­

tative competition or limited prey resources.

Largemouth bass were found to establish primary home

ranges within the home range area. These areas ranged,from

0.01 to 1.64 hectares and are the areas where the fish is

primarily found to utilize and reside.

One largemouth bass namely Largemouth Bass #10 was

found to establish two primary home ranges within its home

range area. This again may be a result of limited resources

as the two areas that the fish primarily utilized were areas

where the fish would be more likely to encounter prey items.

The sandy area that separated these two primary utilized

areas was not utilized by the fish and would probably not be

an area with adequate forage.

The linear correlations on the size of the home range

and primary home range areas vs. the number of tracked days

were found to be nonsignificant. This indicated that these

areas are not a function of time. Therefore, a fishes home

116

range or primary home range was never found to increase or

decrease over time, yet the fish were found to leave one

home range area and establish another. This was also

observed in the actual plotting of the data as a fishes home

range was usually established within 4-5 days. Only rarely

was a point revealed after five days that enlarged the home

range. Therefore once this home range was es tab li shed the

fish was found to remain within this area or totally change

its home range for the duration of the study.

The linear correlation between size of the home range

and fish size provided the possibility of obtaining a nega­

tive correlation. This result may be due to the 37.6cm

largemouth bass in the study which established a small home

range area of 0 .18 hectares. In general home range sizes

were variable. For example Largemouth Bass #2 established

two home ranges, one that measured 0.80 hectares and a sec­

ond that measured 2.07 hectar~s.

One explanation for the variation in home range size

is that the size of the home range may be dependant upon the

availability of food. When prey availability is high the

fish has little need to forage extensively and therefore

utilizes a smaller area. Conversely when prey availability

is low the fish would need to utilize a larger area to for­

age. This possibility was observed with Largemouth Bass #10

which established a large home range yet only utilized two

smaller areas of the home range that would yield high prey

availability. This same idea can also explain why Large-

117

mouth Bass #2 and #12 each left one home ranage to establish

another home range in a different part of the lake.

Habitat preference results indicate that largemouth

bass prefer the edge of weed beds over all habitats except

heavy weeds. This was also observed in the figures as a

great deal of largemouth bass home ranges encompass a number

of heavy weed beds and ecot ones. This preference can be

explained as it is in these areas the fish would encounter

preferred prey items such as minnows and darters (Savitz

1982).

Swimming speeds were found to be similar in all five

habitats. The swimming speeds in general we re found to be

highly variable ranging from 1.3 meters per minute to 10.4

meters per minute over sand alone. These results may be due

to the t ec~ niq ue not being sensitive enough to reveal sub­

t il e changes in swimming speeds between habitats.

Largmouth bass were also found to utilize the shore­

line and heavy weed beds possibly as a means of orientating

themselves within their home range.

Bluegills were found to establish home ranges that

ranged in size from 0.15 to 0.75 hectares. Five of these

fish established their home ranges in the same areas they

were caught and released. The four other fish left the

point of release and established home ranges within two days

from 140 - 713 meters away from the point of release. This

fact plus the point that Bluegill #1 established two home

ranges during the course of the study can indicate that

118

bluegills may establish more than one home range in a single

season. Gunning and Shoop (1963) also found that bluegills

establish home ranges in streams. They believed that these

home ranges were short termed because their number of recap-

t ures decreased over time. These results are in agreement

with our findings. These b 1uegi11 s d id not est ab 1 i sh home

ranges were released yet found other a·reas with adequate

forage. The availability of prey at the original release

point may be low due to predation by other fish as well as

resource depression. For these reasons these fish may

establish home ranges in other areas of the lake and proba­

bly establish a number of home ranges in a single season.

The reason I believe that we only had one blueg i 11 that

established more than one home range was due to the trans­

mitters having a theoretical life span of only 30 days. I

believe if these fish were tracked longer that they would

establish more than one home range in a single season.

Bluegills were also found to establish primary home

ranges that ranged in size from 0.15 to 0.60 hectares. Four

of these fish were found to establish primary home ranges

that were of the same area as their home range. From linear

correlations correlating size of fish vs size of home range

it was found that the large bluegills utilized smaller areas

than smaller bluegills. This can indicate that the larger

bluegills establish a social dominance over the smaller fish

and thus are able to utilize their primary home range and

seldom forage outside of it. Thus the four larger bluegills

119 that established primary home ranges of the same area as

their home ranges need not establish areas of different

sizes as they are able to utilize a smaller area more effe-

ciently.

Other correlations were found to be nonsignificant.

This included the size of the home range and primary home

range vs. the number of tracked days. This finding was also

substantiated by the raw data as the majority of the home

range was established within 3 to 4 tracking days. Only on

rare occasions would a point occur 5 to 6 days into tracking

that extended the home range.

Habitat preference results for bluegills revealed that

heavy weeds were preferred over open water and edge yet were

preferred equally with light weeds and sand. These prefer-

red habitats specifically heavy weeds and light weeds corre-

spond to the area these fish would encounter preferred prey

items such as chironomids, caddisflies, and amphipods (Sav-

itz 1982).

Swimming speeds were not significantly different in

the five habitats and a wide range of variability in speeds

was observed. Again, the technique may not be sensitive to

reveal subtile changes in speeds as the fish swims through

various habitats.

Bluegills were also found to utilize the shoreline and

heavy weeds possibly as a means of orientating itself within

its home range.

Yellow perch were found to establish home ranges that

ranged in size from 0.54 to 2.20 hectares.

120

These results

are in agreement with those of Ross and Winter (1981) who

demonstrated via radio telemetry in a thermal plume that the

yellow perch established a winter home range averaging 13.4

hectares. Although their study is not comparable to ours,

as they dealt in a larger lake with different temperatures

and with a seasonal difference, we both found that yellow

perch establish home ranges.

Yellow perch were also found to establish primary home

ranges that ranged in size from 0.05 to 0.61 hectares. Two

of these fish, Perch #1 and #4 established two primary home

ranges within each of their home range areas. Again a pro-

posed reason these fish established two primary areas of

utilization is due to low availibility of forage items or

resource depression. Therefore in order to encounter more

prey items these two yellow perch have established two areas

of primary utilization in which they alternately forage in.

All linear correlations were non-significant indicat­

ing no relationship between the size of the home range and

primary home. range vs. number of tracked days. This was

also substantiated by the actual data. It was found that

within 3 to 4 days these home ranges were established and

did not increase after this time.

No specific habitat was utilized by these fish as all

areas excluding open water were utilized equally, although

light weeds exhibited the largest number of occurrences

(43.9%). This was not found to be the preferred habitat as

121

light weeds composed 27.2% of the lake. The fall data on

Perch 11·3, indicating the fish extensively utilizing sand,

was also non-significant although this fish moved inshore

duririg this time period.

Swimming speeds were not significangly different in

the five different habitats. In fact, swimming speeds were

found to vary in all habitats from 0.3 meters per minute to

8.8 meters per minute. Although these results are inconclu­

sive this is probably due to the small number of perch stud­

ied and their almost negligible range is size.

Pumpkinseeds were found to establish home ranges that

ranged in size from 0.23 to 1.2 hectares. In all cases

except one these fish established their home ranges in the

same area they we re caught and released. Pumpkinseed 116

established its home range 85 meters north of the area of

release. This was not considered a highly significant

change of areas.

Shoemaker (1952) revealed results for pumpkinseeds

similar to ours. He found thru mark and recapture techni-

ques in a 90-acre lake, that pumpkinseeds have tendencies to

remain within one section of the lake. In this study we

substantiated this tendency by revealing that pumpkinseed

established defined home range areas.

Pumpkinseed were also found to establish primary home

ranges that ranged in size from 0.11 to 0.36 hectares. Two

of these fish, Pumpkinseed 114 and 115, each established pri­

mary home ranges of the same size as their home range.

122

All correlations were found to be nonsignificant.

Correlations between home range and primary home range sizes

versus size of the fish were considered nonsignificant as

the range in size of the four pumpkinseeds was not large

enough to reveal any meaningful analysis. The correlation

between the size of these areas vs. the number of tracked

days was also nonsignificant. The actual data plotting

indicates that within 3 to 4 tracking days the home range

limits were defined.

No significant results were found in determining these

fishes' habitat preference. All five habitats except open

water were utilized equally.

Swimming speeds were not found to be statistically

different in all habitats except heavy weeds. Here it was

found that these fish swims twice as fast through heavy

weeds as in other habitats. This could not be correlated

with habitat preference. These inconclusive results are

probably due to the small number of fish studied and their

similar size.

123

Summary

Largemouth bass, bluegi 11, ye !low perch and pumpkin­

seed were found to establish well defined home range and

primary home range areas. Residence time spent in home

ranges was probably in response to food availability.

Largemouth bass and perch may respond to this

bility by utilizing two distinctly separate

prey availa­

a reas of the

home range alternately where by increasing their chances of

encountering available prey. Largemouth bass and bluegill

left one area and set up other home ranges in different

areas of the lake possible as a result of low prey availa-

bility in the original home range area. Bluegills are also

thought to establish several home ranges in a single season

in response to low or depressed resources in the area they

were utilizing.

Although the habitat preference for these four species

revealed inconclusive results for perch and pumpkinseed, but

revealed that largemouth bass heavily utilized the edge of

weed beds. It is in this area that these fish would encoun-

ter the largest number of prey items, namely minnows and

darters. Bluegill were found to prefer heavy weeds over

open water and edge but light weeds and sand were not sig­

nificantly different from heavy weeds. These weedy areas

contained the benthic prey item utilized by these fish.

Swimming speeds revealed inconclusive results for all

species except pumpkinseeds. Here these fish were found to

124

swim twice as fast through heavy weeds although no correla-

tion could be made between swimming speed and habitat pref-

erence. These inconclusive results were probably due to the

technique not being sensitive enough to reveal

changes in foraging behavior between habitats.

subtle

All four species were found to predominantly move per-

pendicular to the shoreline and heavy weeds. For these rea­

sons the fish may utilize these areas as a means of orien­

tating themselves within the home range.

LITERATURE CITED

DIANA,J.S., W.C.MACKAY, and M. EHRMAN 1977. Movements and Habitat Preference of Northern Pike (Esox lucius) in Lac Ste. Anne, Alberta. Trans. Am, Fish. Soc., 106(6): 560-565.

DIANA,J.S. 1980. Diel Activity Pattern and Swimming Speeds of Northern Pike (Esox lucius) in Lac St~. Anne, Alberta. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37:1454-1458.

GERKING,S.D. 1953. Evidence for the Concepts of Home Range and Territory in Stream Fishes. Ecology 34:347-365.

1959. The Restricted Movements of Fish Popula-~~~--,-~

tions. Biol. Rev., 34:221-242.

GUNNING,G.E. and L.R.SHOOP. 1963. Occupancy of Home Range for Longear Sunfish, Lepomis megalotis (Rafinesque), and Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus, Rafinesque. Animal Behavior. 11:325-330.

HASLER, A.D. and W.J. WISBY 1958. The Return of Displaced Largemouth Bass and Green Sunfish To a "Home" Area. Ecology 39: 289-293.

HOLT, c.s., G.D. GRANT, G.P. PBERSTAR, L.C. OAKES, and D.w. BRADT 1977. Movement of Walleye, Stizostedion vitreum, in Lake Bemidji, Minnesota as Determined by Radio-Biotelemety. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 106(2): 163-169.

HUBERT, W.A. and R.T. LACKEY 1980. Habitat of Adult Small­mouth Bass in a Tennessee River Reservoir. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 109: 364-370

LEWIS, W.M. and S. FLICKINGER 1967. Home Range Tendency of the Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides). Ecology 48:1020-1023.

125

MC NAB, B.K. 1963. Bioenergetics and the Determination of Home Range Size. American Natural-ist. ,97(894): 133-140.

PARKER, R.A. and A.D. HASLER 1959. Movements of Some Dis­placed Centrarchids. Copeia 1: 11-18.

SAVITZ, J. 1982. Trophic Diversity and Food Partitioning amoung Fishes Associated with Aquatic Macrophyte Patches. Trans. Ill. Acad. Sci. (in press).

ROSS, M.J. and J.D. WINTER 1981. Winter Movements of Four Species Near a Thermal Plume in Northern Minnesota. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc., 110: 14-18.

ROSS, M.J. and J.H. MCCORMICK 1981. Effects of External Radio Transmitters on Fish. Prog. Fish-Cult. 43(2): 67-72.

WINTER, J.D. 1976. Movements and Behavior of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) and Steelhead (Salmo gaird­neri) Determined by Radio Telemetry. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Minnesota. pp:l-195.

126

AF.t>ROVAL SHEET

The thesis submitted by OJ~ a_. ~Ai.L., has been read and approved by the~ following committee:

Dr. J. Savitz, Director Associate Professor, Biology, Loyola

Dr. E. Palincsar Professor, Biology, Loyola

Dr. S. Freedman Assistant Professor, Natural Science, Loyola

The final copies have been examined by the director of the thesis and the signature which appears below verifies the fact that any necessary changes have been incorporated and that the thesis is now given final approval by the Committee with reference to content and form.

The thesis is therefore accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.

127