RESYST HOME Inc.

Resets Home - White paper on disaster resistant, environmental friendly luxury homes

Natural Disasters combined with global climate change is changing the patterns of how people choose to live around the world. The effects of urbanization and climate change are dangerously converging… a multi-scale approach is necessary to analyze the impacts of material selection, providing efficient guidelines for post-disaster reconstruction 1. Our built environment and real estate have to adapt to these shifting market trends and social scenarios. Moreover sustainability and growth of any economy, depends on overall reduction of the carbon/environmental footprint of the supply and demand as majority of all economies relies on the energy dependent production, based on the availability of natural resources. Construction industry contributes most heavily to all economies and is one of the key players influencing social growth and development. However the current built environments have prominent large environmental footprints. Therefore, as an innovative construction technology and creative real estate developer startup it is Resyst Home’s mission to make our build environments much more resilient to natural disasters than it is today at the same time, covert the demand and supply sides of the construction technology transformed into more sustainable ones pointing toward circular economies2.

In California, we have witnessed recent high risk disaster events, Whoolsy, Paradise Fire and Ridgecrest earthquake to name a few. Natural disaster events like fire and earthquakes are greatly unpredictable. Meanwhile, building system commissioning has been recognized as a cost-effective measure to cut energy consumption, but in practice commissioning quality can deliver less-than-satisfactory outcomes. Regulation needs to better support commissioning outcomes3. Architects and Engineers design structures with prescribed material design constants in steel (kipps) or wood (fiber bending stresses) accepted for different building types per the ‘Building Standard Commission’ recommendation enforced by law as Building Code, different standards in regions/sates/countries. But truly, we are incapable of completely making our buildings earthquake or fire exposure proof. Resyst’s mission is to best the current industry standards in practice to make a market shift. There is no company with this mission in the market now, but we believe this in flux. While Resyst structures have not yet endured natural disaster incidents, it is our goal to conducts tests associated with our current, ongoing projects4 to meet bests of both International Standards (IS)and American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM ) standards as they are erected. Having experienced licensed professionals in our team, we are proud to bring a new standards for best practices that far exceeds the “minimum” prescribed for residential construction by Building Code. As a company, Resyst doesn’t stand for minimum industry practices – we plan to excel and inspire with our ongoing research in progress to improve disaster risk mitigation and reduce the current carbon footprint of our built environments. We appreciate your interest, support and sharing this incredibly challenging journey with us.

1 Celentano, Giulia & Zea Escamilla, Edwin & Göswein, Verena & Habert, Guillaume. (2018). A matter of speed: The impact of material choice in post-disaster reconstruction. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/22124209, Website accessed on December 20, 2019. 2 Pathways to circular construction: An integrated management of construction and demolition waste for resource recovery, Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 244, 2020,118710, ISSN 0959-6526; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619335802, Website accessed on on Dec 20, 20193 Sue-Fay Lord, Sarah Noye, Jim Ure, Mike G. Tennant & David J. Fisk (2016) Comparative review of building commissioning regulation: a quality perspective, Building Research & Information, 44:5-6, 630-643, DOI: 10.1080/09613218.2016.11819554 Resyst Home Inc., have signed contracts for two ongoing residential projects, one on Hillview Drive, Malibu and Bellini Drive, Topanga. We have many more projects to be signed on our current marketing pipeline. Project details are available on request considering our client’s privacy.

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At Resyst, we are determined to develop zero carbon footprint for our buildings, through fundamental changes in its materiality. Using wood-based building materials result in low CO2e emissions5. The construction sector is experiencing a revolution through the last ten years, with the idea to switch to its ancient building material, timber. With climate change politics on the spotlight, countries such as-

Germany, Austria, Finland and Canada have introduced massive timber construction, using engineered wood products and Cross Laminated Timber(CLT). Also there is a growing body of empirical date on CLT’s fire resistance capabilities. Unprotected CLT floor assemblies met ASTM E119 standard qualifying criteria for 2-hour fire rating in loaded conditions6, where as typical type-V assemblies does not meet any fire ratings, unless additional layers of fire protective material is applied to it.

Simulation of the Fire Resistance for Cross-laminated Timber (CLT)7.

5 Bojana Petrovic, Jonn Are Myhren, Xingxing Zhang, Marita Wallhagen, Ola Eriksson; Life cycle assessment of a wooden single-family house in Sweden; Applied Energy, Volume 251, 2019,113253, ISSN 0306-2619,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.05.056,(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261919309092), site accessed on December 21st, 2019.6 Lech Muszyński, Rakesh Gupta, Seung hyun Hong, Neil Osborn, Brent Pickett; Fire resistance of unprotected cross-laminated timber (CLT) floor assemblies produced in the USA; Fire Safety Journal, Volume 107, 2019,Pages 126-136, ISSN 0379-7112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2018.12.008. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379711218305885); site accessed on December 21st, 20197 Schmid, J., Klippel, M., Just, A. et al. Fire Technol (2018) 54: 1113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-018-0728-9; Springer US, Print ISSN-0015-2684; Online ISSN-1572-8099. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-018-0728-9; site accessed December 21st, 2019.

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Total average activity duration and total cost of CLT modular construction is lower than the conventional building8. Developed in the early 1990 in Switzerland, as a way to reduce waste in sawmills, the system has been successful in Europe for the past 20 years, and more recently has made inroads into the Australian and North America, Canadian markets. In the United States, the adoption of the system is still in its early stages. Resyst plan to build equity on this advantage. Case studies on high rise multi unit residential projects in approximate 14 percentage time/cost saving are recognized. Recent research has shown that CLT could be cost-competitive as an alternative to concrete structures and for buildings over 6 stories high9.

Resyst is committed to our environment to the full extend and this is part of our core mission. Even though the there is a potential for CLT to even self-extinguish10 under certain conditions, we are in progress research to use organic fire retardant products yet to be tested with ASTM and IS standards. Regular market available CLT uses Polyurethane adhesives which is suitable for cross-laminating soft lumber. We questioned the Polyurethane adhesive’s environmental implications and regular CLT’s reuse capabilities even if energy recovery of glued wood waste11 is a good possibility. More research and data need to be collected for Polyurethane adhesives health implications. With Resyst’s commitment for the environment and healthy buildings we were forced to find a product that doesn’t use polyurethane

Thoma Holz 100 – Dowel Laminated Timber (DLT)

adhesives. We are in discussion for a technology transfer with an Austrian manufactures, Thoma Holz 10012, a pioneer in “Dowel Laminated Timber (DLT)” an alternative to CLT. DLT laminated timber uses hardwood dowels to laminate softwood together, a very antique technique used in Japan. Soft wood is sustainably harvested during the full moon to reducing the whining.

8 Bahar Abiri, JosephLouis, and Mariapaola Riggio; Decision-making for Cross-Laminated Timber Modular Construction Logistics Using Discrete Event Simulation. Modular and offsite construction summit; https://journalofindustrializedconstruction.com/index.php/mocs/issue/view/7; site accessed December 21st, 2019.9 Laguarda-Mallo, Maria & Espinoza, Omar. (2016). CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER VS. CONCRETE/STEEL: COST COMPARISON USING A CASE STUDY.10 Roy Crielaard, Jan-Willem van de Kuilen, Karel Terwel, Geert Ravenshorst, Pascal Steenbakkers; Self-extinguishment of cross-laminated timber; Fire Safety Journal; Volume 105, 2019; Pages 244-260,ISSN 0379-7112; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.01.008.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379711219300189); site accessed on December 21st 2019. 11 E. Cesprini, G. Resente, V. Causin, T. Urso, R. Cavalli, M. Zanetti; Energy recovery of glued wood waste – A review, Fuel, Volume 262, 2020, 116520, ISSN 0016-2361, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116520.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236119318745)12 https://www.thoma.at/wood100/?lang=en

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In many regions under the ‘Ring of Fire’, especially in California, earthquakes over the years have been known to cause devastating damage on buildings and induced huge loss on human life and capital. Since the invention of devices such as the viscous and friction dampers, scientists/researchers have been able to incorporate these devices into buildings and other engineering structures. The viscous damper is a hydraulic device which dissipates the seismic forces by pushing fluid through an orifice, producing a damping pressure which creates a force. In the friction damper, the force is mainly resisted by converting the kinetic energy into heat by friction. Devices such as viscous and friction dampers are able to absorb almost all the earthquake energy, allowing the structure to remain undamaged13.

Typical fluid viscous damper(FVD) diagram.

Direct displacement based design (DDBD) approach is one of the most effective performance based ‐ ‐design methods for dampers. A modified version of DDBD can be proposed for the design of structures equipped with fluid viscous damper (FVD) that the effect of higher modes and difference between spectral velocity and pseudo spectral velocity are applied in the design process. Different steel moment ‐frames equipped with FVD can be designed using novel methods. For comparison objectives, the performance of the modified method has been compared with the previously proposed DDBD. Although the structures designed using the previously proposed regular DDBD have achieved the desirable performance level, the peak story drift is significantly less than the target drift and this design approach leads to an expensive over-design, whereas in the structures designed using the modified DDBD, the peak story drift is close to the target drift and the achievement of desirable performance level has been effectively satisfied. Therefore, the drawback of over-design has been solved, and the modified version of DDBD can be considered as an effective design approach for structures equipped with FVD14. Resyst is researching in on incorporating advanced seismic design technology using FVD on CLT panels creating innovative earthquake resistant moment frames.

Nowadays timber structures target taller heights and so they face much larger seismic demands. All this together has made seismic protection technologies (SPTs) to emerge as a hotspot in timber engineering research, devoting more than 80 publications only in the last decade. All types of SPTs share the common principle that, rather than increase the lateral resistance of a structure, they are focused on reducing the seismic demands and such reduction has been reported as large as 90% and above.

13 Apetsi K. Ampiah, Zhao Xin; A Comparative Study on the Performance of Viscous and Friction Dampers under Seismic Excitation; World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Geotechnical and Geological Engineering Vol:13, No:5, 201914 Mahsa Noruzvand Mohtasham Mohebbi Kazem Shakeri; Modified direct displacement based design ‐approach for structures equipped with fluid viscous damper; Structural Control and Health MonitoringVolume 27, Issue 1.

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Although many distinct devices and techniques are intended to this end, SPTs applied to timber structures may be grouped into supplemental damping, seismic isolation, and rocking systems. Apart from the copious scientific production in the field, knowledge has been published in very distinct niches, which makes a linkage of state-of-the-art very difficult, as well as an analysis of current challenges and limitations. This review attempts to provide so after explaining first the basic principles of these technologies so that they are comprehensible for a timber engineer or researcher not necessarily familiar with all structural dynamics’ underlying concepts. An outlook for future research trends is expected towards cost-effectiveness, rate-effects, engagement of devices, and design guidelines which may expand these technologies bringing timber structures into higher levels of seismic performance15.

Seismic Design technology on timber structures15.

Resyst Home Inc. wants to be the pioneering company in disaster resistant luxury home segment , defining the new materiality for zero carbon buildings as well as embracing emerging technologies in the field of disaster resistance and mitigation. Our team comprises of cutting edge researches in the field, survival specialists and engineering pioneers. This is an unparalleled attempt in construction field and we aim to achieve our goals with the support of our investors. A large portion of our hypothesis needs to be engineered, tested and proved through our initial project and considerable investments needs to be made on research and testing. We appreciate your interest and sharing the innovative, creative enthusiasm with us. Please feel free to reach sree@resysthome.com with any questions you may have.

15 Ugalde, D., Almazán, J.L., Santa María, H. et al. Seismic protection technologies for timber structures: a review. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 77, 173–194 (2019) doi:10.1007/s00107-019-01389-9