Home - Department of Agriculture, Water and the ...€¦ · Web viewoccurs when biogas in the storage capacity of an anaerobic digester is released to the atmosphere in a way that

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Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Methodology (Domestic, Commercial and Industrial Wastewater) Determination 2014

I, Greg Hunt, Minister for the Environment, make the following determination.

Dated 2014

Greg Hunt [DRAFT ONLY—NOT FOR SIGNATURE]Minister for the Environment

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ContentsPart 1—Preliminary 1

1 Name of determination..................................................................................................12 Commencement.............................................................................................................13 Authority.......................................................................................................................14 Duration.........................................................................................................................15 Definitions.....................................................................................................................1

Part 2—Wastewater projects 46 Wastewater projects.......................................................................................................4

Part 3—Project requirements 5

Division 1—General requirements 57 Operation of this Part....................................................................................................58 Lagoons to be replaced..................................................................................................59 Anaerobic digesters.......................................................................................................510 Combustion devices......................................................................................................511 Project to be in accordance with application.................................................................5

Part 4—Net abatement amounts 6

Division 1—Operation of this Part 612 Operation of this Part....................................................................................................613 Overview of gases accounted for in abatement calculations.........................................614 References to factors and parameters from external sources........................................6

Division 2—Method for calculating net abatement amount 815 Net abatement amount (A)............................................................................................8

Division 3—Baseline emissions 916 Baseline emissions (EB).................................................................................................917 Proportion of biogas that is generated by eligible wastewater (WEW)...........................918 Methane generated by eligible wastewater (MEW).......................................................1019 Methane generated by ineligible material (MIM).........................................................1020 Maximum methane-producing capacities (MMax,w)......................................................1121 Methane combusted by combustion device (h) (MCom,h).............................................11

Division 4—Project emissions 1422 Project emissions (EP).................................................................................................1423 Emissions from fossil fuel use (EFuel)..........................................................................1424 Emissions from purchased electricity use (EElec).........................................................1525 Emissions from anaerobic digester leakage or venting events (EAD,IM).......................1526 Volume of methane vented due to a major venting event (Mvent,q)..............................1627 Emissions from the combustion of biogas (ECom)........................................................1728 Emissions from the end management of digestate (EDig)............................................1729 Digestate—aerobic treatment (EDig,aer,n).......................................................................1830 Digestate—disposed to landfill (EDig,LF)......................................................................1931 Digestate—treated in open anaerobic lagoon (EDig,Lag)................................................19

Part 5—Reporting, record keeping and monitoring requirements 2132 Operation of this Part..................................................................................................2133 Requirement to monitor certain parameters................................................................2134 Monitored parameters.................................................................................................22

Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Methodology (Domestic,Commercial and Industrial Wastewater) Determination 2014

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Schedule 1—Default maximum methane-producing capacities 331 Default maximum methane-producing capacities (MMax,w).........................................33

ii Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Methodology (Domestic,Commercial and Industrial Wastewater) Determination 2014

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Net abatement amounts Part 4

Project emissions Division 4

Section 24

Part 1—Preliminary

1 Name of determination

This is the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Methodology (Domestic, Commercial and Industrial Wastewater) Determination 2014.

2 Commencement

This instrument commences on the day after it is registered.

3 Authority

This instrument is made under subsection 106(1) of the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011.

4 Duration

This instrument remains in force for the period that:(a) begins when the determination commences; and(b) ends on the day before this determination would otherwise be repealed

under subsection 50(1) of the Legislative Instruments Act 2003.

5 Definitions

In this instrument:

Act means the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011.

anaerobic digester means a system that consists of:(a) one or more closed units designed to promote anaerobic digestion; and(b) a biogas collection system; and(c) any equipment associated with the transfer of biogas to a combustion

device.Note: Examples of anaerobic digesters include the following:

(a) covered anaerobic lagoons;(b) plug-flow reactors;(c) continuously stirred tank reactors;(d) fixed film digesters;(e) up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket digesters.

anaerobic digestion means a biological process in which organic matter is broken down by bacteria in the absence of oxygen.

application, for a wastewater project, means the application, made under section 22 of the Act, for declaration of the project as an eligible offsets project.


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Part 4 Net abatement amountsDivision 4 Project emissions

Section 26

biogas means a mixture of gases including methane that is generated as a result of anaerobic digestion of organic material in wastewater.

biogas collection efficiency means the percentage of biogas generated in an anaerobic digester that is sent to a combustion device.

combustion device means:(a) a flare, boiler or internal combustion engine; or(b) a device:

(i) that combusts biogas with a destruction efficiency of at least 98%; and

(ii) that is operated in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions; and

(iii) the combustion process of which can be monitored on a minute-by-minute basis.

deep open anaerobic lagoon means an open lagoon:(a) with a depth of more than two metres; and(b) in which the biological treatment of biomass or other organic matter occurs

through anaerobic digestion; and(c) from which there is no capture of the resulting methane emissions, which

are vented into the atmosphere.

digestate means a liquid or semisolid material that:(a) remains in an anaerobic digester following anaerobic treatment; and(b) must be removed periodically.

domestic or commercial wastewater has the meaning given by subsection 5.23(2) of the NGER (Measurement) Determination.

eligible wastewater, in relation to a wastewater project, means industrial, domestic or commercial wastewater from an historic source for the project.

historic source, for a wastewater project, means a source from which domestic, commercial or industrial wastewater entered a lagoon being replaced in the project during the relevant 12-month period for the project.

industrial wastewater has the meaning given by subsection 5.40(2) of the NGER (Measurement) Determination.

ineligible material, in relation to a wastewater project, means any organic material treated in a project digester that is not eligible wastewater.

major venting event: a major venting event occurs when biogas in the storage capacity of an anaerobic digester is released to the atmosphere in a way that does not represent the proper operation of the anaerobic digester, including:

(a) when the biogas is released intentionally (for example, for safety or maintenance purposes); and

(b) when the biogas is released unintentionally (for example, as the result of a system failure).

2 Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Methodology (Domestic,Commercial and Industrial Wastewater) Determination 2014

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Section 24

monitoring and control system, for a flare, means a system that consists of:(a) a monitoring system that detects the flame of a flare and monitors if the

flare is operating at the manufacturer’s specifications for the complete combustion of methane; and

(b) an associated control system that shuts down biogas flow to the flare either when no flame is detected or when the flare is not operating at the manufacturer’s specifications for the complete combustion of methane.

Note: An example of a monitoring and control system for a flare is a flare management system that incorporates a UV detection sensor.

NGER (Measurement) Determination means the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (Measurement) Determination 2008.

NGER Regulations means the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Regulations 2008.

project digester, in relation to a wastewater project, means an anaerobic digester installed by the project.

relevant 12-month period, for a wastewater project, means the 12-month period ending on the day before an application under section 22 of the Act is made in relation to the project.

relevant day, for a wastewater project, has the meaning given by subsection 24(2).

source, of wastewater, means the point of generation of the wastewater, which may be expressed as a physical location where the wastewater generation occurs or a specific activity or facility that generates the wastewater.


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Section 26

Part 2—Wastewater projects

6 Wastewater projects

(1) For paragraph 106(1)(a) of the Act, this instrument applies to an offsets project that installs anaerobic digesters to replace deep open anaerobic lagoons.

(2) A project covered by subsection (1) is a wastewater project.


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Section 24

Part 3—Project requirements

Division 1—General requirements

7 Operation of this Part

For paragraph 106(1)(b) of the Act, this Division sets out requirements that must be met for a wastewater project to be an eligible offsets project.

8 Lagoons to be replaced

(1) A lagoon that is to be replaced must treat any, or a combination of any, of the following:

(a) domestic wastewater;(b) commercial wastewater;(c) industrial wastewater.

(2) The lagoon must be a deep open anaerobic lagoon.Note: For deep open anaerobic lagoon, see section 5.

(3) The application for the project must include evidence of the kinds and sources of the wastewater treated in the lagoon during the relevant 12-month period.

9 Anaerobic digesters

The anaerobic digester that is installed must capture biogas that results from the treatment of wastewater in the digester.

10 Combustion devices

(1) The biogas captured by the anaerobic digester must be combusted with a combustion device.

(2) A combustion device covered by paragraph (b) of the definition of combustion device in section 5 must not be used without the approval by the Regulator (whether as part of the assessment of the application for the project or otherwise).

11 Project to be in accordance with application

The implementation of the project must be substantially as described in the application, or as otherwise approved by the Regulator.


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Section 26

Part 4—Net abatement amounts

Division 1—Operation of this Part


For paragraph 106(1)(c) of the Act, this Part specifies the method for working out the carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount for a reporting period for a wastewater project that is an eligible offsets project.

13 Overview of gases accounted for in abatement calculations

The following table provides an overview of the greenhouse gas abatement and emissions that are relevant to working out the carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount for a wastewater project.

Greenhouse gases and emissions sourcesItem Relevant

calculationEmissions source Greenhouse gas

1 Baseline emissions

Treatment of eligible wastewater in a deep open anaerobic lagoon

Methane (CH4)

2 Project emissions

Fossil fuel consumption Carbon dioxide (CO2)Methane (CH4)Nitrous oxide (N2O)

3 Project emissions

Electricity consumption Carbon dioxide (CO2)Methane (CH4)Nitrous oxide (N2O)

4 Project emissions

Emissions from anaerobic digester leakage or venting events

Methane (CH4)

5 Project emissions

Emissions from the combustion of biogas

Methane (CH4)Nitrous oxide (N2O)

6 Project emissions

Post treatment of digestate Methane (CH4)Nitrous oxide (N2O)

14 References to factors and parameters from external sources

(1) If a calculation in this Part includes a factor or parameter that is defined or calculated by reference to another instrument or writing, the factor or parameter to be used for a reporting period is the factor or parameter referred to in, or calculated by reference to, the instrument or writing as in force on the earlier of the following days:

(a) the day the offsets report for the reporting period is given to the Regulator;(b) the day that report is required to be given to the Regulator.


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Section 24

(2) Subsection (1) does not apply to a parameter that is required to be worked out in accordance with the monitoring requirements.


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Section 26

Division 2—Method for calculating net abatement amount

15 Net abatement amount (A)

The carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount (A) for a reporting period is worked out using the formula (equation 1):

where:

A means the carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount for the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e.

EB means the baseline emissions for the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e, worked out using equation 2.

EP means the project emissions for the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e, worked out using equation 9.


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Section 24

Division 3—Baseline emissions

16 Baseline emissions (EB)

The baseline emissions (EB) for the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e, is worked out using the formula (equation 2):

where:

EB means the baseline emissions for the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e.

means the factor, set out in Part 5.3 of the NGER (Measurement) Determination, that converts cubic metres of methane to tonnes CO2-e at standard conditions.

WEW means the proportion of biogas that is generated during the reporting period by eligible wastewater and has the default value given by subsection 17(1), or is worked out using equation 3, as required.

MCom,h means the methane combusted by combustion device (h) during the reporting period, in cubic metres (m3), worked out using equation 6, 7 or 8 as required.

h means a combustion device.

17 Proportion of biogas that is generated by eligible wastewater (WEW)

(1) If both of the conditions in subsection (2) are satisfied for the reporting period:

(2) The conditions are as follows:(a) the volume of an individual type of ineligible material treated in project

digesters during the reporting period (QMat,w) does not exceed 0.5% of the total volume of material treated in the digesters (QMat);

(b) the volume of all ineligible material treated in project digesters during the reporting period (ƩwQMat,w) is less than 2% of the total volume of material treated in project digesters (QMat);

where the parameters QMat,w, QMat and ƩwQMat,w are determined in accordance with the table in section 34 where (w) is a type of ineligible material treated in project digesters during the reporting period.

(3) If one or both of the conditions are not satisfied for the reporting period, the proportion of biogas that is generated during the reporting period by eligible wastewater (WEW) is worked out using the formula (equation 3):


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Section 26

where:

WEW means the proportion of biogas that is generated by eligible wastewater during the reporting period.

MEW means methane generated by eligible wastewater during the reporting period, in tonnes (t), worked out using equation 4.

MIM means methane generated by ineligible material during the reporting period, in tonnes (t), worked out using equation 5.

18 Methane generated by eligible wastewater (MEW)

(1) The methane generated by eligible wastewater (MEW) during the reporting period, in tonnes (t), is worked out using the formula (equation 4):

where:

MEW means the methane generated by eligible wastewater during the reporting period, in tonnes (t).

VSw means the quantity of volatile solids from material type (w) treated in project digesters during the reporting period, in tonnes (t), determined in accordance with the table in section 34.

MMax,w means the maximum methane-producing capacity of material type (w), in tonnes of methane per tonne of volatile solids (t CH4/t VS) determined in accordance with section 20.

w means an eligible wastewater type treated in project digesters during the reporting period.

19 Methane generated by ineligible material (MIM)

The methane generated by ineligible material (MIM) during the reporting period, in tonnes (t) is worked out using the formula (equation 5):

where:

MIM means the methane generated by ineligible material during the reporting period, in tonnes (t).

VSw means the quantity of volatile solids from material type (w) treated in project digesters during the reporting period, in tonnes (t), determined in accordance with the table in section 34.


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Section 24

MMax,w means the maximum methane-producing capacity of material type (w), in tonnes of methane per tonne of volatile solids (t CH4/t VS) determined in accordance with section 20.

w means an ineligible material treated in project digesters during the reporting period.

20 Maximum methane-producing capacities (MMax,w)

(1) If the table in clause 1 of Schedule 1 sets out a default value for a type of eligible wastewater or ineligible material (w), the maximum methane-producing capacity of material type (w) (MMax,w) may be determined:

(a) by using the default value in the table in clause 1 of Schedule 1 for the material type; or

(b) in accordance with the table in section 34.

(2) If the table in clause 1 of Schedule 1 does not set out a default value for material type (w), MMax,w must be determined in accordance with the table in section 34.

(3) If, at any time during the project;(a) the table in clause 1 of Schedule 1 is amended so that it sets out a default

value for material type (w); and(b) before the amendment there was no default value set out in the table for

material type (w);MMax,w may be determined, following the amendment, by using the default value.

(4) However, if, at any time during the project:(a) the table in clause 1 of Schedule 1 sets out a default value for material type

(w); and(b) MMax,w is determined in accordance with the table in section 34;

then, MMax,w must be determined in accordance with the table in section 34 for the remainder of the project.

(5) Subsections (2) to (4) have effect subject to section 33.

21 Methane combusted by combustion device (h) (MCom,h)

(1) The methane combusted by combustion device (h) (MCom,h) during the reporting period, in cubic metres (m3), is worked out as follows:

(a) if the device is a boiler, or a flare with a flare monitoring and control system—using equation 6;

(b) if the device is an internal combustion engine—using equation 6 or 7;(c) if the device is not covered by paragraph (a) or (b)—using equation 8.

(2) Equation 6:

where:


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Section 26

MCom,h means the methane combusted by combustion device (h) during the reporting period, in cubic metres (m3).

QBG,h means the biogas sent to combustion device (h) during the reporting period in cubic metres (m3) determined in accordance with the table in section 34.

WBG,CH4 means the proportion of the volume of the biogas that is methane:

(a) set out in subsection 5.37(2) of the NGER (Measurement) Determination; or

(b) determined in accordance with the table in section 34.

h means a combustion device.Note: For working out WBG,CH4 , see also subsections (5) and (6).

(3) Equation 7:

where:


QEG,h means the electricity (supplied to the grid or used onsite) generated by combustion device (h), in megawatt hours (MWh), determined in accordance with the table in section 34.

FMWh→GJ means the factor to convert megawatt hours (MWh) to gigajoules (GJ), which is 3.6.

Effh means the electrical efficiency of combustion device (h) , as a percentage (%), being:

(a) the electrical efficiency prescribed in the manufacturer’s specifications for the device; or

(b) if no electrical efficiency is so prescribed—36%.

ECBG means the energy content factor for biogas that is captured for combustion (methane only), in gigajoules per cubic metre (GJ/m3) set out in Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the NGER (Measurement) Determination.

h means a combustion device that is an internal combustion engine.

(4) Equation 8:

where:



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Section 24



(b) determined in accordance with the table in section 34.

Oh,m means the operation of combustion device (h) in minute (m), being either 0 or 1, determined in accordance with the table in section 34.

QBG,h,m means the biogas sent to combustion device (h) in each minute (m) during the reporting period in cubic metres (m3) determined in accordance with the table in section 34.

h means a combustion device.

m means a minute in the reporting period.

(5) If, at any time during the project, the table in section 34 is used to work out WBG,CH4 for the purposes of equation 6, 8 or 13, then, the table in section 34 must be used to work out WBG,CH4 for the purposes of those equations for the remainder of the project.

(6) Subsection (5) has effect subject to section 33.


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Section 26

Division 4—Project emissions

22 Project emissions (EP)

The project emissions for the reporting period (EP), in tonnes CO2-e, is worked out using the formula (equation 9).

where:

EP means the project emissions for the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e.

EFuel means the emissions from fossil fuel used during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e, worked out using equation 10.

EElec means the emissions from purchased electricity used during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e, worked out using equation 11.

EAD,IM means the emissions, generated from ineligible material, from anaerobic digester leakage or venting events during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e:

(a) if both of the conditions in subsection 17(2) are satisfied for the reporting period—with a default value of 0; or

(b) otherwise—worked out using equation 12.

ECom means the emissions from combustion devices during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e, worked out using equation 14.

EDig means the emissions from the end management of the digestate treated during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e, worked out using equation 15.

23 Emissions from fossil fuel use (EFuel)

The emissions from fossil fuel used (EFuel) during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e, is worked out using the formula (equation 10):

where:

EFuel means the emissions from fossil fuel used during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e.

QFuel,i means the quantity of fuel type (i) used during the reporting period, in tonnes (t), kilolitres (kL), cubic metres (m3), or gigajoules (GJ), determined in accordance with the table in section 34.

ECi means the energy content factor for fuel type (i) in gigajoules per tonne (GJ/t), gigajoules per kilolitre (GJ/kL) or gigajoules per cubic metre (GJ/m3), set out in Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the NGER (Measurement) Determination.


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Section 24

Note: If QFuel,i is measured in gigajoules, then ECi is not required (ECi=1).

EFijoxec means the emission factor, in kilograms CO2-e per gigajoule (kg CO2-e/GJ), set out in Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the NGER (Measurement) Determination for greenhouse gas type (j) and fuel type (i).

i means a fossil fuel type.

j means a greenhouse gas type (CO2, N2O, CH4).

24 Emissions from purchased electricity use (EElec)

(1) The emissions from purchased electricity (EElec) used during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e, is worked out using the formula (equation 11):

where:

EElec means the emissions from purchased electricity used during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e.

QElec means the quantity of purchased electricity used during the reporting period, in kilowatt hours (kWh), determined in accordance with the table in section 34.

EFElec means:(a) for electricity obtained from a grid for which National Greenhouse

Accounts Factors included an emissions factor on the relevant day—that factor, in kilograms CO2-e per kilowatt hour (kg CO2-e/kWh); or

(b) for electricity obtained otherwise on a particular day (whether or not from a grid):

(i) if the supplier of the electricity is able to provide an emissions factor that reflects the emissions intensity of the electricity on the relevant day—that factor, in kilograms CO2-e per kilowatt hour (kg CO2-e/kWh); or

(ii) otherwise—the emissions factor for off-grid electricity, in kilograms CO2-e per kilowatt hour (kg CO2-e/kWh), included in National Greenhouse Accounts Factors for the relevant day.

Note: The document titled National Greenhouse Accounts Factors is published by the Department.

(2) In this section:

relevant day means the day the wastewater project was declared to be an eligible offsets project.

25 Emissions from anaerobic digester leakage or venting events (EAD,IM)

(1) The emissions, generated from ineligible material, from anaerobic digester leakage or venting events (EAD,IM) during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e, is worked out using the formula (equation 12):


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Section 26

where:

EAD,IM means the emissions, generated from ineligible material, from anaerobic digester leakage or venting events during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e.

γ means the factor, set out in Part 5.3 of the NGER (Measurement) Determination, that converts cubic metres of methane to tonnes CO2-e at standard conditions.

WEW means the proportion of biogas that is generated by eligible wastewater during the reporting period, worked out in accordance with section 17.

CE means 0.98, being the biogas collection efficiency of an anaerobic digester.

Mcom,h means the volume of methane sent to combustion device (h), in cubic metres (m3), worked out in accordance with section 21.

Mvent,q means the volume of methane vented due to major venting event (q) during the reporting period, in cubic metres (m3), worked out using equation 13.

h means a combustion device used during the reporting period.

q means a major venting event associated with an anaerobic digester during the reporting period.

26 Volume of methane vented due to a major venting event (Mvent,q)

If a major venting event associated with an anaerobic digester occurs during a reporting period, the volume, in cubic metres, of methane vented due to the major venting event (Mvent,q) is worked out using the formula (equation 13):

where:

Mvent,q means the volume of methane vented due to major venting event (q), in cubic metres (m3).

MSBCS means the maximum biogas storage capacity, of the anaerobic digester, in cubic metres (m3), worked out in accordance with the table in section 34.

FRdaily,q means the average total daily flow of biogas, from the anaerobic digester for the 7 days before major venting event (q), in cubic metres per day (m3/day), worked out in accordance with the table in section 34.

tq means the number of days for all or part of which major venting event (q) is uncontrolled, worked out in accordance with the table in section 34.



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Section 24


(b) determined in accordance with the table in section 34.Note: If, at any time during the project, the table in section 34 is used to work out WBG,CH4 for

the purposes of equation 6, 8 or 13, then, the table in section 34 must be used to work out WBG,CH4 for the purposes of those equations for the remainder of the project: see subsection 21(5).

q means a major venting event associated with the anaerobic digester during the reporting period.

27 Emissions from the combustion of biogas (ECom)

The emissions (of methane and nitrous oxide) from combustion devices (ECom) during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e, is worked out using the formula (equation 14):

where:

ECom means the emissions (of methane and nitrous oxide) from combustion devices during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e.

MCom,h means the methane emissions combusted by combustion device (h), in cubic metres (m3), worked out using equation 6, 7 or 8 (as applicable under subsection 21(1)).

ECBG means the energy content factor for biogas that is captured for combustion (methane only) in gigajoules per cubic metre (GJ/m3) set out in Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the NGER (Measurement) Determination.

EFj means the emission factor for gas type (j) for combustion of sludge biogas that is captured for combustion (methane only) in kilograms of CO2-e per gigajoule (kg CO2-e/GJ) set out in Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the NGER (Measurement) Determination.

h means combustion device.

j means greenhouse gas type (N2O, CH4).

28 Emissions from the end management of digestate (EDig)

(1) The emissions from the end management of digestate (EDig) treated during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e, is worked out using the formula (equation 15):

where:


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Section 26

EDig means the emissions from the end management of digestate removed during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e.

EDig,n means the emissions ((EDig,aer,n), (EDig,LF) and (EDig,Lag)) from digestate treatment type (n), in tonnes CO2-e:

(a) worked out using equation 16, 17 or 18, as required; or(b) for a treatment type not covered by one of those equations—with a default

value of 0.

n means a type of digestate treatment.

29 Digestate—aerobic treatment (EDig,aer,n)

(1) This section applies to digestate treated:(a) in uncovered non-aerated static piles; or(b) at an undocumented facility; or(c) in aerated systems (turned windrows or aerated static piles); or(d) at a centralised composting facility; or(e) in an enclosed system (in-vessel) using a bio-filter or biogas scrubber.

(2) The emissions (EDig,aer,n) from the treatment of the digestate, using aerobic treatment type (n), in tonnes CO2-e, is worked out using the formula (equation 16):

where:

EDig,aer,n means the emissions from the treatment of the digestate, using aerobic treatment type (n), in tonnes CO2-e.

QDig,n means the wet weight of digestate treated using treatment type (n), in tonnes (t) determined in accordance with the table in section 34.

EFDig,n means the emissions factor for treatment type (n), in tonnes CO2-e per tonne of wet weight digestate (t CO2-e/t wet weight digestate) set out in the following table:

Emissions factor for digestate treatment(t CO2-e/t wet weight digestate)Item Treatment type (n) EFDig,n

1 in uncovered non-aerated static piles 0.102 at an undocumented facility 0.103 in aerated systems (turned windrows or aerated

static piles)0.06

4 at a centralised composting facility 0.065 in an enclosed system (in-vessel) using a bio-filter

or biogas scrubber0.05


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Section 24

n means a type of aerobic treatment (see paragraphs (1)(a) to (e)).

30 Digestate—disposed to landfill (EDig,LF)

The emissions (EDig,LF) from digestate disposed to landfill, in tonnes CO2-e, is worked out using the formula (equation 17):

where:

EDig,LF means the emissions from digestate disposed to landfill, in tonnes CO2-e.

QDig,n means the wet weight of digestate treated using treatment type (n), in tonnes (t) determined in accordance with the table in section 34.

EFDig,n means the emissions factor for digestate disposed to landfill, in tonnes CO2-e per tonne of wet weight digestate (t CO2-e/t wet weight digestate), which is 0.3.

WLFG means the average capture rate set out in the following table for methane emissions from landfills in the State or Territory in which the project is located:

Average capture rate for methane emissions from landfillsItem State or Territory Rate (%)

1 New South Wales 372 Victoria 453 Queensland 304 Western Australia 305 South Australia 296 Tasmania 397 Australian Capital Territory 668 Northern Territory 18

n means a type of digestate treatment (disposed to landfill).

31 Digestate—treated in open anaerobic lagoon (EDig,Lag)

The emissions (EDig,Lag) from digestate treated in an open anaerobic lagoon, in tonnes CO2-e, is worked out using the formula (equation 18):

where:

EDig,Lag means the emissions from digestate treated in an open anaerobic lagoon, in tonnes CO2-e.


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Section 26

VSDig means the volatile solids discharged from the anaerobic digester into the lagoon, in tonnes (t) determined in accordance with the table in section 34.Note: Determination of VSDig requires the determination of QDig,n for the digestate where n

means treatment in an open anaerobic lagoon: see items 9 and 13 of the table in section 34.

MMax,Dig means the maximum methane-producing capacity of the digestate, in tonnes of methane per tonne of volatile solids (t CH4/t VS) determined in accordance with the table in section 34.

MCFLag means the methane conversion factor for the lagoon, set out in Part 5.3 of the NGER (Measurement) Determination.

GWPCH4 means the global warming potential value for methane set out in regulation 2.02 of the NGER Regulations.


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Section 24

Part 5—Reporting, record keeping and monitoring requirements

Note: Other reporting, record keeping and monitoring requirements are set out in the regulations and the rules made under the Act.


For paragraph 106(3)(d) of the Act, this Part sets out requirements to monitor a wastewater project that is an eligible offsets project.

33 Requirement to monitor certain parameters

(1) The project proponent for a wastewater project must monitor and determine a parameter set out in an item of the table in section 34 (as required) in accordance with the instructions in the item.

(2) Any equipment or device used to monitor the parameter must be calibrated by an accredited third party technician at intervals, and using methods, that are in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.

(3) The monitoring must be done in accordance with the following:(a) requirements that apply in relation to similar measurements or estimates

under the NGER (Measurement) Determination;(b) industry standards;(c) relevant standards and other requirements under the National Measurement

Act 1960.

Consequences of failing to monitor

(4) If during a particular period in a reporting period, the parameter is not monitored in accordance with the table in section 34 (where required), the carbon dioxide net abatement amount for the reporting period is to be worked out without inputs from that particular period.


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34 Monitored parameters

A parameter set out in an item of the following table must be monitored in accordance with the instructions in the item.

Monitored ParametersItem Parameters Description Unit Measurement procedure (including

frequency as required)Determination of parameter from measurements

1 QMat,w Material type (w) treated in the anaerobic digester

Kilolitre or kilogram (kL or kg)

Project proponents may choose from the following measurements options:(a) the amount of wastewater received

during the reporting period as evidenced by invoices; or

(b) in accordance with industry practice relevant to the measurement of the material; or

(c) estimated under Part 5.3 (domestic and commercial wastewater) or Part 5.4 (industrial wastewater), of the NGER (Measurement)

Cumulative value for the reporting period

Units must be the same as for QMat

Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Methodology(Domestic, Commercial and Industrial Wastewater)

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determinationFrequency—daily

2 QMat Total volume of material treated in the anaerobic digesters

Kilolitre or kilogram (kL or kg)

Project proponents may choose from the following measurements options:(a) the amount of material received

during the reporting period as evidenced by invoices; or

(b) in accordance with industry practice relevant to the measurement of the quantity of the material; or

(c) estimated under Part 5.3 (domestic and commercial wastewater) or Part 5.4 (industrial wastewater), of the NGER (Measurement) determination

Frequency—daily


Units must be the same as for QMat,w


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3 Oh,m Operation of combustion device (h) in minute (m)

0 or 1 Using temperature measurementIf in a minute, the temperature is 500 degrees Celsius or higher, then flare is operational and Oh,m=1. Otherwise, it is not operational and Oh,m=0Frequency—minute measurements of temperature

For the purposes of equation 8, measurement of Oh,m must be paired to QBG,h,m for the same minute (m)

4 QBG,h Biogas sent to combustion device (h)

Cubic metres (m3)

Estimated under Division 2.3.6 of the NGER (Measurement) DeterminationFrequency—continuous

Cumulative value for either the reporting period or, if relevant, the time interval used for determining average WBG,CH4 measurements

5 QBG,h,m Biogas sent to combustion device (h) in minute (m)

Cubic metres (m3)

Estimated under Division 2.3.6 of the NGER (Measurement) DeterminationFrequency—continuous

The cumulative value for each minute (m)

6 WBG,CH4 Fraction of the volume of biogas

Fraction Estimated under Division 2.3.6 of the NGER (Measurement) Determination

Average values for a time interval not greater than 1 hour must be


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that is methane Frequency—continuous paired to measurements of QBG,h for the same time interval

7 QEG,h Electricity (supplied to the grid or used on-site) generated by internal combustion engine (h)

Megawatt hours (MWh)

Estimated under Part 6.1 of the NGER (Measurement) DeterminationFrequency—continuous


8 QFuel,i Quantity of fossil fuel type(i) used during the reporting period

Tonnes (t), Kilolitres (kL), cubic metres (m3)or gigajoules (GJ)

Project proponents may choose from the following:(a) estimated in accordance with

Division 2.4.6 of the NGER (Measurement) Determination;

(b) measured using a commercial grade meter;

(c) measured using relevant purchase records



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Measure only the fuel used to implement and operate the projectFrequency—continuous

9 QElec Quantity of electricity purchased

Kilowatt hours (kWh)

Measured using either:(a) a commercial grade meter; or(b) relevant purchase recordsIf Qelec is measured in gigajoules, the quantity of kilowatt hours must be calculated by dividing the amount of gigajoules by the conversion factor of 0.0036Measure only the electricity used to implement and operate the projectFrequency—continuous


10 QDig,n Wet weight of digestate treated

Tonnes (t) Measurements are undertaken in accordance with industry standards



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using treatment type (n)

Frequency—when digestate is treated using treatment type (n)

11 MMax,Dig Maximum methane-producing capacity of the volatile solids.

Tonnes of methane per tonne of volatile solids (t CH4/t VS)

The estimation must be made by a laboratory in accordance with Method 6211 (1998) or Method 2720 (1997) of the American Public Health Association Method or an equivalent Australian or international standard.Samples from composite of amounts of digestate collected before being sent to the open anaerobic lagoonEnough samples must be collected to produce a representative sampleThe samples of digestate used for the measurement must be delivered to a laboratory within 24 hours of collection

Average of all measurements made during the reporting period


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and analysed in triplicateFrequency:(a) at least once a month; and(b) if there is a change to the process,

being either a change to the type, or order, of unit operations used in the process or the addition of one or more new material types—at least once immediately after that change

12 MMax,w Maximum methane-producing capacity of material type (w) treated in the anaerobic digester

Tonnes of methane per tonne of volatile solids (t CH4/t VS)

The estimation must be made by a laboratory in accordance with Method 6211 (1998) or Method 2720 (1997) of the American Public Health Association Method or an equivalent Australian or international standardThe samples of material type w used for the measurement must be:

Average of all measurements made during the reporting period for material type (w)


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(a) taken concurrently for each material type w being treated in the anaerobic digester at the time; and

(b) taken before being combined with other material types and entering the anaerobic digester; and

(c) sufficient in number to produce a representative sample

Frequency—at least once for each month that material type w is treated in the project digester and immediately following either:(a) a change to the type or order of the

anaerobic digester unit operations; or

(b) treatment of one or more new types of material


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13 VSw Volatile solids from material type (w) treated in the anaerobic digester

Kilograms (kg)

The estimation must be made by a laboratory in accordance with Method 2540E of the American Public Health Association Method or an equivalent Australian or international standardThe samples of material type w used for the measurement must be:(a) taken concurrently for each material

type w being treated in the anaerobic digester at the time; and

(b) taken before being combined with other material types and entering the anaerobic digester; and

(c) sufficient in number to produce a representative sample

Frequency—at least once for each month that material type (w) is treated

The total quantity of volatile solids of material type (w) treated in the reporting period, must be derived by extrapolating the quantity of volatile solids in the sample to the weight of material type (w) (QMat,w) that was treated in the time between the sample measurements

(Note: Determination of VSw where (w) is a type of eligible wastewater requires monitoring of QMat,w.)


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in the project digester and immediately following either:(a) a change to the type or order of the

anaerobic digester unit operations; or

(b) treatment of one or more new types of material

14 VSDig Volatile solids discharged from the anaerobic digester into an open anaerobic lagoon

Tonnes (t) Volatile solids must be measured under Method 2540E of the American Public Health Association Method or an equivalent Australian or international standardSamples from composite of amounts of digestate collected before being sent to the open anaerobic lagoonEnough samples must be collected to produce a representative sample

The total quantity of volatile solids of digestate treated in the reporting period must be derived by extrapolating the quantity of volatile solids in the sample to the wet weight of digestate material (QDig,n) that was treated in the lagoon in the time between the sample measurements


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Frequency:(a) at least once a month; and(b) if there is a change to the process,

being either a change to the type, or order, of unit operations used in the process or the addition of one or more new material types—at least once immediately after that change

15 FRdaily,q Average total daily flow of biogas from the anaerobic digester for the 7 days before major venting event (q)

m3/day Calculated from QBG,h, as monitored in accordance with item 4

For each major venting event

16 MSBCS Maximum biogas storage capacity of the anaerobic

m3 Either:(a) measured directly; or

At the following times:(a) when the anaerobic digesters are

installed;


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digester (b) calculated using the manufacturer’s specifications for the anaerobic digesters

(b) when the anaerobic digesters are upgraded in a way that changes the storage capacity

17 tq Number of days for all or part of which a major venting event is uncontrolled

Whole days Frequency—for each major venting event


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Schedule 1 Default maximum methane-producing capacities

Clause 1

Schedule 1—Default maximum methane-producing capacities

Note: See paragraph 20(1)(b).

1 Default maximum methane-producing capacities (MMax,w)

(1) The following table sets out default values for types of material (w) (which could be eligible wastewater or ineligible material).

Default maximum methane-producing capacitiesItem Material type Tonne of methane per tonne of

volatile solids (t CH4/t VS)

1 Sheep manure 0.252 Rabbit manure 0.173 Feeder cattle liquid manure 0.224 Cow dung fresh 0.255 Horse dung 0.176 Poultry excrement, dry 0.287 Poultry excrement 0.338 Food waste, low fat 0.509 Food waste, high fat and

grease trap waste0.70

10 Ulva sp. Macroalgae (saltwater)

0.10

11 Oedogonium sp. Macroalgae (freshwater)

0.16

12 Cladophora sp. Macroalgae (freshwater)

0.23

13 Microalgae polyculture (freshwater)

0.20

14 Cabbage leaves 0.3315 Maize silage 0.3016 Bakery waste 0.4017 Cheese waste 0.6118 Spent grains fresh (brewery) 0.3319 Slaughterhouse waste 0.6120 Press mud 0.2221 Vegetable matter 0.3422 Barley (cereal/corn) 0.3923 Barley straw 0.30


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Default maximum methane-producing capacities Schedule 1

Clause 1

Default maximum methane-producing capacitiesItem Material type Tonne of methane per tonne of

volatile solids (t CH4/t VS)24 Glycerine 0.3725 Rye silage barley/wheat

(low grain)0.27

26 Freshly wilted grass 0.3027 Grass silage 0.3228 Green pruning (DM content

very variable)0.34

29 Wheat (cereals) 0.3930 Wheat bran 0.2931 Wheat chaff 0.3032 Wheat straw 0.3033 Winter peas (whole plant

silage, mid-flowering)0.27

34 Blood 0.48


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Home - Department of Agriculture, Water and the ...€¦ · Web viewoccurs when biogas in the storage capacity of an anaerobic digester is released to the atmosphere in a way that