HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA

Anemia ,bleeding tendency.Hepatosplenomegaly .

DIAGNOSIS

• The investigation are a. Chest x rayb. USG of spleen ,liver and abdominal lymphnode.c. CT scand. Liver function teste. Bone marrow ,spleen and liver biopsy.f. Staging laparotomy. Hb estimation low Total count of WBC may increase due to over spill of the lymphoma cells into

peripheral blood .Serum uric acid increased Complete or partial destruction of the nodal architecture (reticulin stain)Presence of abnormal reticulum cells.Presence of Sternberg Reed giant cells.Character of Sternberg Reed :Large cell ,paired nuclei (mirror image or owl eye),cytoplasm eosinophilic

Staging of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (Ann Arbor classification)Stage I : involvement of single lymphnode

region or extra lymphatic site.Stage II : involvement of 2 or more

lymphnodes region or an extralymphatic site and lymphnode region on the same side of (above or below )the diaphragm.

Stage III : involvement of lymphnode regions on both sides of the diaphragm with or without localized extralymphatic involvement or involvement of the brain or spleen.

Stage IV: diffuse involvement of one or more extralymphatic tissue . E.g –liver or bone marrow.

Each stage is subdivided into A and B categories:

A—no systemic symptoms B-- with B symptoms (unexplained fever

above 38 C ,heavy night sweats ,unexplained weight loss of more than 10% of bd wt. in previous 6 months.

Treatment 1. Radiotherapy 2. Chemotherapy –ChlVPP regimeni. Chlorambucil 6 mg/m sq. Days 1 to 14

orally.ii. Vinblastine 6 mg/ m sq. Days 1 and 8 i.viii. Procarbazine 100 mg/m sq. Days 1 to 14

orally.iv. Prednisolone 40 mg/m sq. Days 1 to 14

orally

3. Combined modality treatment : chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy to original sites of bulk disease which have been shrunk by chemotherapy

NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA

THREE HISTOLOGIC SUBTYPES:

St. Judes staging system for non Hodgkin’s lymphomaStage I- Single nodal or extra nodal site

excluding mediastinum and abdomen.Stage II- single extranodal site with regional node

involvement. -two or more nodal areas on the same side of

the diaphragm. -two single (extranodal) tumors with or without

regional node involvement on the same side of the diaphragm.

-primary git tumor usually in the ileocecal areas with or without involvement of associated mesenteric nodes (resectable ).

Stage III-two extra nodal sites on the opposite of the diaphragm.

-two or more nodal areas above and below the diaphragm.

-primary intra thoracic tumors(mediatinal ,pleural,thymic)

-extensive intrabdominal disease -paraspinal or epidural tumors.Stage IV –any of the above with bone marrow

or CNS involvement.

DIAGNOSIS • Biopsy

Treatment 1.Low grade lymphoma: T cell typeStage I and II A –involved field radiotherapy.Stage IIB ,III, IV : chemotherapy single agent or

combination whole body irradiation .Drug commonly used Chlorambucil 20mg/m sq. orally daily.

2. High grade :B cell typeStage I :involved field radiotherapy.Stage II,III and IV: intensive combination

chemotherapy to the limit of patient tolerance Combined chemotherapy –cyclophosphamide ,adriamycin,vincristine (oncovin) and prednisolone (CHOP).

Hodgkin’s Non Hodgkin’s•Peak at elderly and young age •Extremes of ages

•Onset is gradual •Variable

•Lymphadenopathy :i.More often localized to a single axial group of nodes (cervical ,mediastinal)ii.Orderly spread by contiguity iii.Mesenteric nodes and waldayer’s ring are rarely involved iv.Extranodal involvement uncommon

Lymphadenopathy :i.More frequent involvement of multiple peripheral nodes.ii.Noncontiguous spread.iii.Waldayer’s ring and mesenteric nodes commonly involved .iv.Extranodal involvement common .

•Systemic feature such as puritis is most common.

•Systemic features are uncommon.

•Reed sternberg giant cell are present in lymphnode biopsy

•It is absent