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TheHobbitHouseIlustratedGlossaryofWoodworkingterms
FASTENERTERMS
Thissetoftermshavingtodowithfastenersandrelatedtermsisextractedfromthegeneralglossaryshownhere:GLOSSARYandlinksthatarenotlocaltothissubsetwillputyoubackinthemainglossary
forimagesofwooditself,gohere:woodidsite
NOTE:thissubglossaryisverymuchaworkinprogressgluetypes,forexample,arenotyetwellrepresented
270degreehingeThisreferstoahingethatallowsadoortorotate270degeesandthusallowsittoopenallthewaytotheoutsidesideofacabinetwall.Thiscanonlybeachievedonaframelessfulloverlaycabinetdesign,andisbestillustratedgraphically,soseebelow.Notethattherearetwobasicstyleof270degreehingesandthefirstisshownontheleftsideofthecompositepicbelowandtheotherontherightside.Also,notethatsometimesthesehingesarecalledwraparoundhingesor"wraparoundinset"hingesor"doublewraparound"hingesor"fullbacktobackwraparound"hinges,but"wraparoundhinge"normallymeanswhatisshownonthatlink.Examples:
acornnutAtypeofcapnutthatisspecificallyshapedlikeaninvertedacorn,whichshapeispurelydecorative,notfunctional.Examples:
Googleonline75
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_glossary.htmhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/index.htmAllenheadAtypeofscreworboltheadthatisdesignedforusewithanAllenwrench.
AllenheadboltAboltwithahexagonalrecessintheheadrequiringanAllenwrench,oftenusedinwoodworkingmachinery,amongmanyotherthings.ThesemaybeinmetricorSAEsizes.Theseareusuallymadeoutofstrongsteel,butoccasionallyyoumayfindtheminlightergradesteelorevenaluminum.Allenheadrecessesarealsousedextensivelyinsetscrews.Othernamesforthisitemare"socketcapscrew","socketscrew",and"socketheadcapscrew".Examples:
AllenwrenchAtypeofwrenchthatisahexagonalshapedmetalbar,usuallyintheshapeofan"L"butsometimesintheshapeofa"T"andsometimeswithahandlelikewhatyoufindonascrewdriverbutmoreoftenwithahandleonthe"T"portion,usedtoturnAllenheadboltsandsetscrews.ThesemaybeinmetricorEnglishsizesandaresoldbothinsetsandindividually.Examples:
anchorboltAdeviceforconnectingtimbermembers(oranythingelse,forthatmatter)toconcreteormasonry.Therearenumerousstyles,someofwhichinvolvedrillingaholeintheconcreteormasonry(inparticular,seeexpansionanchorbolt)andsomeofwhichinvolveembeddingtheboltinconcretewhenitispouredsotheboltisinplacewhentheconcretesetsandthewood(orwhatever)thatistobeattachedisdrilledoutandthenplacedovertheboltandattachedwithanut.Anchorboltsareusedfor,amongotherthing,fasteningthesillplateinaframeconstructiontothefoundation.Topreventtheplatetimberfromsplitting,theanchorboltnutisoftenputdownoveraplatewasher.Examplesofthemostcommontypeofanchorboltwhichisan"L"shapedmetalrod,threadedonthelongerend:
anchorhingeAparticularlystrongtypeofdoorhingethathasflapsonthe(hinge)leavestogiveextraattachmentpointstothedoorandframetheflapsattachhorizontallyalongthetopedgeofthedoorandthetopsurfaceoftheframe.Mosthavetheseflapsonboth
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_M.htm#metrichttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_DE.htm#englishsystemhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_M.htm#metrichttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_GH.htm#gradehttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_GH.htm#hexagonalhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_S.htm#steelhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_UVWXYZ.htm#wrenchhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#foundationhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_T.htm#timberhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#framehttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_S.htm#saehttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_GH.htm#hexagonalleaves,butsome(e.g.thetwoontherightsideofthepicbelow)onlyhaveitontheframeleaf.Examples:
annularringnailAnailthathasridgesaroundthecircumferenceoftheshanktoprovideextraholdingpowerforapplicationssuchaswoodtoplywoodbonding,flooring,roofing,anduseinpallets.Although,astheyaredrivenin,theridgespushthewoodfibersaside,aftertheyareinthefiberstendtoexpandbackintotheridgesthusgivingbetterholdingpowerthansmoothshanknails.Thesizeandshapeoftheridgesvariesconsiderablyandtheyareoftenangledbackuptheshanksoastoactlikewedges,andsometimestheyareactuallytightspiralsratherthanjustcircumferentialridges.Thesenailsareparticularlysusceptibletocripplingbecauseallthoseringsprovidemultiplepointsofpossiblefailure.Examples:
architecturalballbearinghingesynonymouswithballbearinghinge
architecturalhingeAdoorhingethatiscategorizedaseithercommercialorresidential.Whetherforahome(residential)orforapublicbuilding(architectural),thesehingesareverysimilar.Commercialhingesaregenerallydifferentiatedfromresidentialonesbybeingmoresubstantialinconstructionduetotheheavierusetheyareexposedtoinpublicplaces.
augerpointscrewAscrewthathasaverysharppointandthreadsthatgripthewoodstrongly.Suchscrewsoftenhaveathekindofendfoundonaselftappingscrew,andinanycasethistypeofscrewisdesignedtobeusedwithnopilothole...itpullsitselfintothewoodoncestarted.Examples:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#frameleafballbearinghingeAhinge(generallyabutthingeoranoliveknucklehingebutitcouldbemostanytype)thathasballbearingsbetweenthe(hinge)knucklestoreducefrictionandmakeforasmoother,easier,openingaction.Theballbearingsarecapturedinsmallflatcylindersthatsitbetweensomeoralloftheknuckles,dependingonhowheavydutythehingeneedstobe.Theseareparticularlysuitableforindustrialapplicationswhereadoormaybeopenedandclosedalldaylongthuswearingoutnormalknucklesinarelativelyshorttimecomparedtothoseonballbearinghinges.Examples:
ballscrewAmechanicaldevicefortranslatingrotationalmotiontolinearmotion.Itisjustlikealeadscrewexceptthattheslidingportioncontainsballbearingsandthusthedevicedoesnotheatupquickly(thewayaleadscrewwould)whenusedcontinuouslyinapoweredsituation.
barrelhinge(type#1)Atypeofhingewherethedoorleafandtheframeleafarenotreallyleavesatallbutinsteadarebarrelshapedcylindersofmetalwithaflathingedjoiningmechanism.Thebarrelsareinsertedintorecessesdrilledinthedoorandtheframesuchthatthehingeistotallyhiddenfromviewwhenthedoororlidisclosed.Theseareveryoftenused,insmallsizes,onjewelryboxesandinmodestsizesonmidtohiendhomeentertainmentcentersandsuchbecausetheareatypeoffullyconcealedhinge.Theconstructionofthismechanismdoesnotlenditselfwelltoheavydutyusessuchashousedoorsandinfacttheseitemsareoftenadvertisedwiththewarning"notforloadbearingapplications".Examples:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_B.htm#butthingehttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#frameleafbarrelhinge(type#2)Atypeofhingewherethethedoorleafandtheframeleafeachhaveonlyone(hinge)knuckleandgenerallybothknucklesareclosedattheendthroughwhichthepindoesnotprotrude.Thesearesuitableforheavydutyuseonwoodendoorsandgates.Thesearegenerallyatypeofliftoffhingeandareoftensoldunderthatdesignation.Examples:
barrelhinge(type#3)Atypeofhingethatisusedinmetalworkingandrequireswelding,notwoodworking,andthatisthereforenotillustratedextensivelyinthisglossary.Examples:
bedboltsynonymouswithcrossdowel
bifolddoorAtypeofsliding/foldingdoormadefromtwo(oroccasionallymore)hingedpanelsthatfoldontoeachotherasthedoorisslidsideways.OftenusedonclosetsintheUSA.Sinceeachjointinthedoormovesinonlyonedirection,itisn'tnecessarytouseacomplicatedhingesuchasthefoldingscreenhingeandalightweightversionofabutthingeisused,calledabifolddoorhinge.Thisversionhasoneleafthatfoldsinsidetheothersothatthetotalthicknessisonlyoneleaf,whichisanacceptablegaponclosetdoors.Examples:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_B.htm#butthingehttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#frameleafbifolddoorhingeTherearetwoversionsofthishingeandbothare,aswouldbeassumedfromthename,designedforuseonbifolddoors.Thefirstdesignisaspecialversionofthebutthingethathasthedoorleaffoldingintotheframeleafandthusprovidingagapthatisonlyoneleafthicknesswhileallowingsurfacemountingratherthanrequiringamortiseforeitherleaf.Thesecondversionhasoneleafsittingabouttheother(ortwoleavesabove/belowacenterleaf)whichagainallowsagapofjustoneleafthicknesswithsurfacemounting.Thesehingesworkjustfinewiththistypedoorbecauseeachjointonlymovesinonedirection.Forasimilarhingethatismoreflexible,seefoldingscreenhinge.Compare/contrasttodoubleactionspringhinge.Examplesofthefirsttypeareontheleftandthesecondtypeontheright:
bindingheadscrewAnapparenlyvaguetermthat,technically,designatesanyscrewthathasEITHERaslightlyundercut(thatis,shallow)head,ORanextrabroadhead,with(ineithercase)thepointbeingtobeeffectiveinholding("binding")electricalwiresorushapedspadelugsattheendofelectricalwires.SomesourcesequateabindingheadwithatrussheadbutIamnotconfidentthatthatisacorrectalternatedefinition.Oneoftheavailabletypesthatdoesnotfitthetechnicaldefintion,butDOESseemtofittheuse,isascrewthathasridgesonthebottomofthehead(similartothoseonaserratedflangenutbutwithouttheflange).InfindingpicsforthisitemIwassometimesnotabletodistinguishthemfromonesthatlookEXACTLYthesamebutaresoldundervariousother,morenormal,names.Examples:
blindscrewsynonymouswithsetscrew
bolt(1)Asomewhatvaguetermusedtodescribeshortlogstobesawnforlumberorusedforveneer(eitherslicingorrotarycutting)ortobeusedaspulpwood.bolt(2)Auniformdiametermetalshankwithscrewlikethreadsontheoutside(althoughnotnecessarilyallthewayuptheshank)andaheadofsomekindthatisusedtoturnthebolt.Boltsarenottapered,asscrewsusuallyare,andtheyhavetobeabletoacceptanutthathasauniforminternaldiameterandthreads.Ifsomethingdoesn'tmeetALLoftheaspectsofthatdefinition,thenitisn'tabolt,it'sascrew.Oneformof"headlessbolt"isasetscrew(andbecauseit'sheadless,it'sascrew,notabolt).Boltscanbeselftappingaslongastheystillareabletoacceptauniformnutabovetheselftappingthreads,sothefactthatashankisselftappingdoesn'tmakeitascrew.Ifabolthasa"screwdriver"typehead,suchasaflatheadslot,thatdoesnotmaketheboltascrew.Ifaboltisverysmall,theninwidelyacceptedcommonusage,itiscalledamachinescrewbutthat'sreallyjustanothernameforwhatistechnicallyabolt(althoughtheimplicationisthatisisaverysmallbolt).Compare/contrasttoscrewandseealsoboltsvsscrews.Notethatthestatementsmadehere(andelsewhereinthisglossary)followcommonusagebutareNOTuniversallyacceptedtheentireissueofnomenclatureforboltsandscrewswasperhapsthebiggestmessIencounteredincompilingthisglossary.Belowisacompositepicshowingsometypesofboltsandfollowingthat,thereisalistofthemostcommontypesofbolts,witheachtermlinkedtoafullillustrateddescription.Examples:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_UVWXYZ.htm#veneerhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_B.htm#butthingehttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_M.htm#mortisehttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_P.htm#pulpwoodhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#frameleafhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_L.htm#lumbertypesofbolts:
allenheadbolthasahexagonalrecessintheheadrequiringanAllenwrenchanchorboltusedforconnectingtimbermembers(oranythingelse,forthatmatter)toconcreteormasonrycapscrewilldefinedtermseefulldefinitioncarriagebolthasasquareshoulderatthetopoftheshankandusuallyaroundedheadwithnoscrewdriverslotorothermeansforholdingtheheadcoachboltsameascarriageboltconnectorboltaboltthathasabroadflatheadwitharecessedallenwrenchdriveholedeadboltadoorfastener,notathreadedboltliketheseotherselevatorboltlikeacarriageboltbutwithamuchwiderheadeyeboltrodthreadedononeendandbentintoacircleontheotherendexpansionboltsameasexpansionanchorboltexpansionanchorbolthasanexpandingsleevetogripmasonryflangebolthasaflangeatthebottomoftheheadframeboltilldefinedseefulldefinitiongrubscrewsameassetscrewhangerboltametalcylinderwithscrewthreadsononeendandmachinethreadsontheotherendheadboltaboltthatistobescrewedintoathreadedpieceofmetal,asopposedtobeingputTHROUGHapieceandfastenedontheothersidewithanuthexboltsameashexheadbolthexcapscrewAcapscrewwithahexagonalheadhexheadbolt6sidedheadJboltrodthreadedononeendandbentintoa"J"shapeontheotherendlagboltalargewoodscrew(notabolt)withahexagonalheadsothatitcanbeturnedwithawrenchinsteadofascrewdriverLboltrodthreadedononeendandbentintoan"L"shapeontheotherendlugboltusedincars,notwoodworkingmachinebolt(1)Alittleusedtermthatappliestoanyhexheadboltorsquareheadboltmachinebolt(2)[littleused]sameasmachinescrewmachinescrewanothernamefor"smallbolt"mirrorscrew(bothscrewsandbolts)forusewithmirrorsmollyboltacleverdeviceforfasteningstufftowallsploughboltsameasplowboltplowboltdesignedforuseinthefabricationofplowsribbedneckcarriageboltcarriageboltwitharibbedsection,insteadofasquaresection,atthetopoftheshanksecurityboltvarioustypes,designedtodetercasualremovalsetscrewheadlessboltwithrecesseddriveropeningsetboltsameastapboltsexboltThe"nut"isacylinderwithinternalthreadsandaheadononeendshoulderbolthasanunthreadedshoulderbelowtheheadsocketcapscrewsameasallenheadboltsocketheadcapscrewsameasallenheadboltsocketscrewsameasallenheadboltsquareheadbolt4sidedheadstandingboltsameasstudboltstepbolt(1)usedonthecornersoftowers(egaradiotower)toprovidesomethingtosteponasaworkerclimbsthetowerstepbolt(2)sameascarriageboltstitchboltnotatypeofbolt,atypeofUSEforabolt,andthatisthejoining("stitching")ofmechanicallylaminatedtimberstoveboltanysmallboltusedinthefabricationofawoodburningstovestructuralboltlargehexheadboltusedinbridgesandbuildingsstudboltashortthreadedrod(butmayhaveanunthreadedcenterportion)tapboltanyfullythreadedboltthreadedrodathreadedlengthofmetalthatcouldbeusedasaboltifanutisputononeorbothendsthumbscrewaboltorscrewtobeturnedbyyourthumbandfirstfingertimberboltusedtofastentimbers
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_GH.htm#hexagonalhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_T.htm#timbershttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_M.htm#mechanicallylaminatedtimbertoggleboltafasteningdeviceprimarilyforusewithwallboardUboltrodthreadedonbothendsandthenbentintoa"U"shapewingscrewlikeawingnutattachedtoathreadedrod
boltdrivetypesseescrewandboltdrivetypes
boltsvsscrewsThebottomlineisthatifyouhaveafastenerwithauniformdiameterthreadedshank(aboveanyselftappingarea)thattakesanutandhasahead,it'saboltotherwiseit'sascrew.Thisdefinitionfollowswidespreadcommonuse,butisNOTabsolute.ThemostfundamentaldifferencebetweenaboltandascrewisthatascrewwillNOTacceptanutbutabolt,bydefinition,hasto.Also,screwsoftenhavetaperedshanksbutboltsneverdo.Boltshavetohaveaheada"headlessbolt"(e.g.asetscrew)isnotabolt,it'sascrew.Thetermmachinescrewisawidelyusedmisnomerthatreallyjustmeansasmallbolt,frequentlywithaheaddesignedtobeturnedbyascrewdriver.Thefactthataboltisdrivenbyascrewdriver,doesnotmaketheboltascrew.Neitheroverallsizenorheadtypehaveanybearingonwhetherafastenerisaboltorscrew.Bothboltsandscrewscanbeselftapping,butabovetheareaoftheselftappingthreads,abolthastobeabletoacceptanutwithauniforminnerdiameteranduniformthreads.Thatis,theselftapingthreadscanbeonataperedendsectionofafastenerbutifthepartabovethatadherestothedefinitionofaboltthenthewholethingisaboltandifnot,it'sascrew.Again,thesestatementsfollowcommonusagebutareNOTuniversallyaccepted.Thewholebolt/screwnomenclatureissueisperhapsthebiggestmessIhavefacedincompilingthisglossary.
boxnailAboxnailisverysimilartoacommonnailandtheyaresoldinthesamepennysizeascommonnailsbutbutthesizedesignationisbasedonLENGTHratherthantheoriginalunitweightdesignationofcommonnails.Theyhavenarrowershanksandslightlysmallerheadsthancommonnailsandsoweighlessthanasamelengthcommonnailofthesamepennydesignation.Theyareslightlylargerindiameterthanafinishingnailofthesamelength.Boxnailsaresometimesusedonthinmaterial,thewayfinishingnailsare,buttheheadsareclearlyvisibleafterthenailshavebeendrivensotheyarenotanexactreplacementforfinishingnails,butrathertheirpurposeismoretoavoidsplittingthewoodtheyaredrivenintothantohaveanunobtrusivehead.
boxwrenchAtypeofwrenchthatisalong,flat,metalrodwithashortcylinderononeorbothendsthathasinternalserrationsthatfitaroundtheheadofaboltornut.Somehavearatchetmechanismbuiltinandsomeareoffset(alsocalledcranked)asshowninthecompositpicbelow.ThesecomeinbothEnglishandmetricsizesandaresoldbothindividuallyandinsets.Notshowninthisglossaryarevariationsthatareshapedlikean"S"orahalfcircle,andotherobscurevariations.Singleendedboxwrenchesarefairlyrare.Theterm"ratchetwrench"issometimesappliedtoversionsofthiswrenchwhenithasaratchetmechanism,butthattermisalsoappliedmoreoftentosocketwrenches.Compare/contrasttoopenendedwrenches.Examples:
bradAverysmall,thin,nailmostdefinitionssaybradsarenomorethan1"long,butyoucanbuythemupto11/2"long.Theyare
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_P.htm#pennysizehttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_DE.htm#englishsystemhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_C.htm#crankedhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_UVWXYZ.htm#wrenchhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_M.htm#metricwirenailsandtheyarequitesmallindiameter.Largebradsareaboutthesizeofa2dnailinlengthbutsmallerindiameter.Bradsareusedforattachingthinmoldingandareoftenusedinthebacksofpictureframestoattachathinpieceofmoldingthatholdsthepictureinplace.Thereareacoupleofspecialtytoolsthathelpdealwithbrads,calledbradsetters.Examples:
bugleheadscrewAscrewthathasacountersunkheadthatisshapedlikeabugleratherthanthemorenormal45degreeflatslopestyle.Theseareparticularlyusedondrywallscrewssoastonotcrushthedrywalltoomuchasthecountersinkgoesin.Examples
butlertrayhingeAhingethatmountsinmortisesinatraytopandallowthetraywingstofoldto90degreesandalsosnapsflat.Theyareforthoselittle"breakfastinbed"stylefoldingtrays.Oftentheflapshavecutoutsthatactashandles.Theseareverysimilarinstyletocounterflaphingesbuttheyoftendonothavethefloatingknuckle.Examples:
butterflyhingeAbutthingethathasitsleavesshapedlikebutterflywingsinsteadofbeingrectangular.Counterflaphingesareaspecialpurposeveryplainversionofthisbutwhendoneinmoreelaborateformtheyareusedfordecorativeeffectonsmalltomodestsizeditemssuchasjewelryboxes,smallwindows,kitchencabinetdoors,andsoforth.Counterflaphingestendtohavejustone(hinge)knuckleononesideandtwoontheotherandarenotloadbearinghingesbuttheitemsbeingdescribedhereAREusedforloadbearingapplication(albeitgenerallylightdutyones)andsowillhaveseveralknucklesononesideandonelessontheotherside.Thereisastyle
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_B.htm#butthingehttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_M.htm#moldinghttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_B.htm#bradsetterhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_M.htm#mortiseofhingethatseemstobeusedmostlyinGreatBritainthatiscalledaparlimenthingewhichhasabutterflyshapeandissometimescalleda"butterflyhinge",butitwouldneverbeconfusedwithanyofthehingesthatAmericanscall"butterflyhinge".Examples:
cabinetconnectingscrewsynonymouswithconfirmatscrew
camlifthingeThereareatleasttwotypesofcamlifthinge.Thefirstisatypeofbutthingewherethereisaslanttothematingedgesofthebarrelsonthedoorplateandthebuttplatesuchthatwhenthedoorisopened,thehingemechanismcausesittorise,thuscreatingaliftagainstgravitythatwillthencausethedoortoclosebyitselfwhenreleased.Inadditiontoworkingasadoorcloser,thistypeofhingealsoallowsthebottomofacabinetdoortoberightdownatthecarpetlevelbecausewhileanormalhingeinthatsituationwouldhavethedoorscrapingacrossthecarpetasitopened,thishingeliftsthedoorupoffofthecarpetasitopens.Onemoreadvantagetothishingeisthatitisatypeofliftoffhinge.ThesecondtypehasthecamliftactionbutisnotaliftoffhingeandismorelikeaThingethanabutthinge.Thesecondtypeisnotshowninthecompositepicbelow.Examples:
capnutAhexheadnuttoppedbyasoliddomeoracylinderthenadomeorevenjustacylinder.Theseareusuallyallmetalbutoccasionallyallnylon.Suchnutscanonlybeusedwithcarefullymeasuredboltsbecausethebolthastogripintothenutsecurely,butitcannotprotrudesofarthatthecapnutisraisedabovethesurfacebeingclamped.Thepurposeistoprovideadecorative/safetytypeoftoppingthatbothlooksbetterthanarawboltendprotrudingthroughthenut,andwhichalsopreventstheboltendfromscratchinganynearbymovingsurfacessuchashumanknuckles.Automobilelugnutsareusuallycapnutsbutunlike"normal"capnuts(asshownhere)theyhaveataperedbottom.Thereisamoredecorativeversioncalledtheacornnutandthereisaversionthatmorewidelydistributesthepressureontheclampledsurfacecalledtheflangedcapnut.Examples:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_B.htm#butthingecapscrewAsomewhatilldefinedterm,sometimesalsocalleda"hexcapscrew"ifithasahexagonalhead,thisisafasteningdevicethatis,byalimiteddefinition,visuallyindistinguishablefromahexheadboltbutwhichismanufactureredtotightertolerancesthataremuchmorelikelytobeofinterestinmachiningsituationswherehighprecisionisnecessary,asopposedtoinwoodworkingwhereanormal(andlessexpensive)hexheadboltisgoingtodothejobjustfine.Suchhexheadcapscrewsareatinybitsmallerindiameterthantheequivalentsizedhexheadboltandarethreadedallthewayalongtheshank.Alooserdefinitionmaintainstherequirementforhightolerancemanufacturingbutallowsawiderrangeofbodyshapes.Thename"cap"screwseemstobebasedonthefactthatsuchadevicealwayshasahead(the"cap")thatclampsagainstthematerialbeingfastenedwhenthedeviceisdrivenallthewayin.Somedefinitionsofcapscrewstatethattheyareaformofheadbolt,meaningthattheyarenotusedwithanut.
captivewasherlocknutseelocknut
cardtablehingeAspecialtyhingedesignedtoallowpartsofacardtabletoptofolduponitself.Thisisastylethatwasmoreinuseinthepastthanitispresently.Itisslightlysimilartothescissorhingeexceptthatthereisnopinbutratherafloatingplatethatrotatesfreelyatbothendsinsidethetwohalvesofthe"scissor"plates.Thepointofthismechanismistoallowthepartsofthetabletoptorotatefrombeingalongthesameplanetobeingflatupagainsteachotherandtodosowithouttherebeinganydifficultyintheedgesclearingeachotheritdoesthisbyhavingtheedgesmoveawayfromeachotherastheflappartisrotatedoverontopoftherestofthetablewhichwouldnotbepossibleiftherewereasinglepinpivotpointthatwasinlinewiththeplates,andyoudefinitelywouldn'twanta(hinge)barrelstickingupoutofthesurfaceofthecardtable.Thepartthatcontainsthe(hinge)pinsisthickerthantherestofthe(hinge)leavessothemortisethatisrequredforthesehastwodifferentdepths.Thesearefunctionallyquitesimilartocounterflaphinges.Examples:
carriageboltAlsocalleda"coachbolt",thisisaboltwithasquareshoulderatthetopandusuallyaroundedheadwithnoscrewdriverslotorothermeansforholdingthehead.Thistypeofboltisintendedtobeinsertedintoacavity(normallyinmetal)thatissquareatthetopandthenanutisputonattheotherendandtightenedwithawrench.Thesquareshoulderinthesquarecavitykeepsthetopoftheboltfromturning.Thereisanotherversionthatusesaribbedsectioninsteadofthesquaresectionandthisoneisknownas,andisillustratedat,ribbedneckcarriagebolt.Examples:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_UVWXYZ.htm#wrenchhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_M.htm#mortisecarver'sscrewAtypeofclampusedbywoodcarversitconsistsofathreadedmetalrodthatisputthroughaholeinaworkbenchandscrewedintothebottomoftheitembeingcarved.Thereisanutorothertighteningmechanismthatgoesunderthebench.Thetraditionalversionhasawingshapedmetalplatewithasquareholeinitthatfitsasquareheadonthebottomoftherodfortighteningthescrewintotheworkpiece,andthenthatsameplateactsasatighteningnutunderthebench,thusremovingtheneedforanyothertooltodothecarver'sclamping.Thebeautyofthecarver'sclampisthatitleaveallofthesurfaceoftheitembeingcarved,excepttheverybottom,opentothecarver.Onepossibledrawbackisthatifachiselispressedorhammeredintotheedgeofaworkpieceinawaythatimpartsrotationalforceinthedirectionthattendstoloosenthecarver'sscrew,thenoccasionalretighteningmayberequired,whichcanbeapain.Examples:
casementhingeAtypeofhingespecificallyforusewithacasementwindow.Thereareseveralstylesrangingfromfairlysimpletomoderatelycomplex.Examples:
castlenutAnutthathasaslottedridgearoundthetop,makingitlookverymuchlikeacastleguardtower.Itisusedwithaboltthathasaholethroughtheendthroughwhichacotterpinisinsertedandthenbentaroundthecastlenutsothatthenutbecomescaptiveandcannotvibrateoff.Alsocalled"slottedhexnut".Examples:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_C.htm#casementwindowhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_C.htm#carvingchiselhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_C.htm#clampcementcoatednailAnailcoatedwithadhesive("cement")togiveitaveryroughsurfaceforgreaterholdingpower.
clevispinAshortmetalrodwithaheadononeendandaholedrilledintheotherend,sothatthepincanbeputthroughaholeandthenbefastenedinplacebyacotterpinthroughtheholeinthepin.Thereisaspecialtypeof"cotterpin"usedwithclevispins,asshowninthecompositepicbelow.Thisformofcotterpinhasonelegridgedtoholditontheclevispinandthelegsarenotbentafterinsertionintothepin.Thisformofcotterpinismorereadilyremovedthanastandardcotterpin.Clevispinsarealsoattachedwithwireringsmuchlikeakeychainring.Clevispinsareusedtoattachsmallrotatingpartstoeachother,toattachturnbucklestoachainloop,etc.Examples:
cliponhingeadddefinition
clutchheadscrewseesecuritybolt
coachboltsynonymouswithcarriagebolt
coachhingeIhavefoundveryfewreferencestothistermandmostofthosesimplyshowabutthinge
coachscrewsynonymouswithlagscrew
combinationheadscrewAscrewwhosedrivemechanismwillaccomdatebothaphillipsheadscrewdriverANDaflatheadscrewdriver.Examples:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_A.htm#adhesivehttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_B.htm#butthingecombinationwrenchAtypeofwrenchthathasaboxwrenchononeendandanopenendedwrenchontheotherend.Theboxwrenchendmayormaynothavearatchetmechanismandorbeoffset.TheycomeinbothEnglishandmetricsizesandaresoldbothindividuallyandinsets.Theterm"ratchetwrench"issometimesappiedtothesewhentheboxwrenchendhasaratchetmechanism.Examples:
commonnailAwirenailusedalmostexclusivelyforconstruction.Thisisbothbynameandbyactualexistencethemostcommonformofnailandiswhatpeoplenormallymeanwhentheysay"nail".Ithasabroadheadforgoodholdingpowerandafairlythickshanktoprovideshearstrengthwhereitisapplied.Thelargeheadthatprovidesthegreatholdingstrengthofthistypenailisadisadvantageinsituationswherelooksmattermorethanholdingpower,sointhosecases,afinishingnailisabetterchoice.Examples
concealedhingeAhingewhichiseithertotallyhiddenfromviewwhenclosed(seefullyconcealedhingeorpartiallyhiddenfromviewwhenclosed(seepartiallyconcealedhinge.NOTE:Incasualusage,thetermisoftenusedassynonymouswithfullyconcealedhingeandtheterm"partiallyconcealedhinge"ismuchlessused.
concretescrewsynonymouswithmasonryscrew
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_S.htm#shearstrengthhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_UVWXYZ.htm#wrenchhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_M.htm#metrichttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_DE.htm#englishsystemconfirmatscrewAscrewdesignedforusewithMDForparticleboardwhenusedincabinetconstruction(thesescrewsareakacabinetconnectingscrews)andthethreadsarefairlydeeptograbthesesomewhatcrumblymaterialsandcareisrequiredtonotovertightenthescrewsincetheywillstripoutfairlyeasily.TheODoftheshankdirectlyundertheheadistypicallyalittlelargerthantheODofthethreadsandthedriveismostoftenanAllenheaddrivebutmayalsoabePhillipsheaddrive.Theyusually,butnotuniversally,haveaverythinflangeatthetopoftheheadthatisdrivenflushinthematerialbeingscrewedandtheyusuallyhavebluntratherthanpointedtipssincetheyaredesignedtobeusedwithapilotholeoftendrilledoutwithsteppeddrillbitsspecificallymadeforusewiththesescrews.Examples:
conicalanchorataperedcylinder(thusacone),generallyofplasic,thatexpandswhenascrewisdrivenintoit.Itisusedtoanchorrelativelylightthingstowallboard/drywall,plaster,andmasonry.Thereisa"ribbed"versionthatisparticularlygoodfordrywallbecauseithaslittle"wings"thathelpkeepthedevicefromrotatingasthescrewisdrivenin.Examples:
connectorboltAboltthathasabroadflatheadwitharecessedallenwrenchdrivehole.Thesearemostcommonlyusedwitheithercrossdowelsorsexnuts.Examples:
continuoushingesynonymouswithpianohinge
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_P.htm#particleboardhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_NO.htm#odhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_C.htm#cabinethttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_M.htm#mdfcornerbraceTherearemanydevicesinwoodworkingthatarecalledcornerbraces,butthemostcommonuseofthattermisforwhatisalso(somewhatmorespecifically)calleda"tablecornerbrace",whichisametalplatethatisusedtobracethecornerofadeskwherethelegsmeettherails,oftenwithacornertongueandgroovejoint.Thebraceisattachedwithahangerboltwiththescrewthreadendgoingintothelegandthemachinescrewendcomingthroughthebrace,whichisthentightenedwithanutthatusuallyhasasplitringlockwasherunderittopreventlooseningundervibrationasthetableisjiggledslightlyinuse.Mostoften,thebracehasshortedgesthatgointogroovesintherailsforaddedstabilityandrigidity.Therearealsoshopmadeversionsthataremoresimple(oneofwhichisshownintheillustrationbelow).Examples:
corrugatedfastenerAsmallwavy(corrugated)rectangleofsteelwithoneedgesharpenedsothatitcanbedrivenintowoodtoholdajointtogether.Thesecanbedrivenwithahammerbuttherearealsopowerednailgunlikedriversaswell.Examples:
cotterpinAbentpieceofmetalthathasaloopwithtwoprojectionscomingoffofitsidebyside.Theprojectionscanbeputthroughaholeandthelooppreventsthepinfromgoingthroughtheholealltheway.Theprojectionsarethenbentsothatthepinisfirmlyheldintheholeonbothends.Usedtofastenwheelstoaxlesontoys,wheelbarrows,etc.Thereisavariationonthisthatisusedwiththeclevispin,wherethe"cotterpin"hasoneofthelegsisridgedandthelegsarenotbentafterinsertion(seeclevispin).Althoughtheseareusuallymanhandledwithapairofpliers,thereisaspecialtytoolforremovingthem(called,appropriatelyenough,acotterpinpuller.Examples:
cotterpinpullerAhookedtoolforremovingcotterpinsafterthelegshavebeenstraightenedout.Examples:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_C.htm#cornertongueandgroovehttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_C.htm#corrugatedhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_IJK.htm#jointhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_S.htm#steelhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_P.htm#pliershttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_QR.htm#railcounterflaphingeahingeusedforcounterflapsofthetypeoftenseeninbarsanddiners.ManytypesofhingesCOULDbeusedforthispurposebutthehingesthatarespecificallygiventhisnametendtobethosethathaveashapeverymuchlikethatofabutterflyjointbuttendtobemoreplainthantheirsimilarlyshapedcousin,thebutterflyhinge.Moreimportantly,theyaredoublehingedwithafloatingknucklesothatwhenmountedflushwithacountertopviashallowmortises,theybothallowthecountertoptoflipover180degreesandatthesametimenothavea(hinge)barrelsittingproudofthecountertop,ANDevenmoreimportantly,theyfloatingknuckleallowsforsomeslacksothatbothsidesofthecountertopcanhaveperfectlysquareedgesandstillnotmashintoeachotheraswouldbethecaseifthefloatingknucklehadnoplayinit.Seehingepartsforadiscussionofthevariouspartsthatmakeupthistypeofhinge,butnotethatthishingeoperatessignificantlydifferentlythanthestandardbutthingeinthattheknucklesdonotmatewitheachotherbuteachhavetheirowncaptivepinwithafloatingknucklejoiningthetwothusprovidingadoublepivot.Functionally,thesehingesarequitesimilartothecardtablehingeExamples:
countersink[verb]Tocreateanextrawideopeningatthetopofascrewholesothattheheadofthescrewwillsitflushwiththeobjectitisputinto.countersink[noun](1)Thearearemovedbyacountersinkbit.countersink[noun](2)synonymouswithcountersinkbit
countersinkbitAdrillbitthatallowsyoutodrillouttheupperportionofaholesothattheheadofascrew(thathasbeencountersunkwillsitflushwiththefaceoftheobjectitisputinto.Therearespecialbitsthatdrillcountersinkholesandalsobitsthatdrillbothapilotholeandthecountersinkatthesametimethesearecalledcountersinkpilotholebitsandtherearetwotypesthefirsthasasetof3ormoresharpenedflutesaroundtheedgethatdothecuttingandthesecondtypeisasolidcountersinkareashapedpieceofmetalwithaholeititanditistheedgesoftheholethatdothecutting.Thereisalsoamanualversionsomewhatlikeascrewdriver,butwithacountersinkbitontheend,calledahandcountersink.Examplesofbothtypes:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#flushhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_B.htm#butterflyjointhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_B.htm#butthingehttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_DE.htm#drillbithttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#flushhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#flutecountersinkingTheprocessofcreatingacountersunkareainamaterial(usuallywoodormetal).
countersinkpilotholebitsdrillbitsthatbothdrillapilotholeandcutoutacountersinkareaatthesametime.Theseusuallycomeinsetswithdiameterssetforthemostcommonscrewsizesandtheyhaveadjustablecollarsthatallowfordifferentdepthssothatthepilotholescanbeadjustedfordifferentlengthscrews.Examples:
countersunk[verb]Pasttenseofcountersink
countersunklockwasheranexternaltoothlockwasherbutconeshapedtoconformmtothebottomofacountersunkscrew.Examples:
countersunkscrewAscrewthathasaslopingpartunderaflathead.Suchscrewscomeintwoflavorsasshowninthecompositepicbelow.Thestandardcountersinkisa45degreeangledflatsurfaceandthebugletype(seebugleheadscrew)isaconcavesurface.Examples:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_DE.htm#drillhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_C.htm#concavecountersunkwasherAwasherthatisusedunderneathacountersunkscrewsothatacountersunkholedoesnothavetobedrilledinthematerialANDsothattheholdingpressureisdistributedoverawiderarea(theseareoftenusedoverthinmaterial).Thereisaversionofthese(theflangedcountersunkwasher)thatspreadsthepressureoutevenmore.Thecrosssectionofonesidemaybeahill,awedgepointingtowardsthecenter,oratrianglepointingupfromthesurface.Examples:
couplingnutAverylonghexnutthatisusedtojointwothreadedrods.Thereisalsoaversionthathasaroundexterior.Thesearealsocalled"hexcoupling"nutsand"rodcoupling"nuts.Examples:
crankedchiselAnytypeofcarvingchisel(cranksdon'toccurinlathechisels)thathasadoglegorotherbendintheshank,thesearealsocalleda"doglegchisel","craneneckchisel"and"bentshankchisel"andareusefulwheneveryouneedtoparewiththechiselflatontheworksurface.Ifthecutisawayfromanedge,orinarecess,thehandleofanormalchiselwillgetinthewaybutWiththesechiselsthedogleginthehandlegivesclearanceabovetheworktoholdthehandle.Theseareparticularlyusefulforjoineryandtheyalsoworkquitewellforremovinglonggluebeadlinesafterthegluehasdried.Ifthecrankisveryclosetotheendofthetool,thetoolissometimescalledashortbenttoolandifthebendisfurtherawayfromtheendand/orisamoregentlecurve,thetooliscalledalongbenttool.
crankedhingeAtypeofhingehasacrankinoneorboth(hinge)leavesandthatthusallowsadoororwindowtoswingthrough180
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_C.htm#crankhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_DE.htm#dogleghttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_P.htm#parehttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_L.htm#longbenthttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_C.htm#chiselhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_S.htm#shortbenthttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_IJK.htm#joinerydegrees.Alsocalleda"stormproof"hingebecuaseofitscommonusewithstormwindows.WhenIfirstsawtheterm,Iassumeditmeantahingelikeacasementhingeforusewithacasementwindowsincethatisawindowthatopensbycrankingahandle.Instead,theterm"crank"inthiscaseisbeingusedinitssenseof"havingadoglegbend".Theterm"doublecrankedhinge"meansthesamething(bothleavesarecranked)butifonlyoneleafiscranked,thenthehingeiscalledasinglecrankedhinge.Doublecrankedhingesinparticulararealsocalled"stormproof"hingesbecausetheyarecommonlyusedwithstormwindows.Oftenwhentheterm"crankedhinge"isused,thepersonusingithasaparticulartype(singleordouble)inmindanddoesnotbothertoprefacethetermwith"single"or"double"andthatgoesformanufacturer'sadvertismentsaswell.Examples:
crescentwrenchAtypeofwrenchthathastwoparalleljawswithoneandintegralpartofthehandleandtheotheradjustablethroughaslidingmechanismcontrolledbyaknurledgearshaftinsidethehandle.Thesearemostcommonlyusedtoturnsquareheadboltsandhexheadbolts.AlthoughtheywillallturnitemsthatarebothEnglishandmetricsizessomearemarkedwithEnglishgradationsandotherswithmetricgradations,andmanywithnogradationsatallsinceusersrarelysetthemtoasizeandthenputthemontheitemtobeturned,butratherjustputthemontheitemandadjusttofit.Compare/contrasttoopenendedwrench.Examples:
cripplingWhenanailisnotstrongenoughtowithstandtheforcerequiredtodriveitintothewood,theweakestportionoftheshankwillbendwhentheheadofthenailishitbythehammer.Thisiscalledcrippling,anditisparticularlytroublesomewithannularringnailsbecauseallthoseringsprovidemultiplefailurepoints.Itcanalsobeaproblemforanynailwhendrivenintoaparticularlyhardwood
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_UVWXYZ.htm#wrenchhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_IJK.htm#knurledhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_DE.htm#dogleghttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_C.htm#casementwindowhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_M.htm#metrichttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_DE.htm#englishsystemorwhenstruckwithmoreforcethaniswarrentedforthesizeofthenail,andofcourseapoorlycenteredhammerblowcancauseitinanynail.
crossdowelAtypeofknockdownfastenerthatconsistsofasteeldowelwithathreadedholethroughitsmiddleandaslotinoneendforusewithaflatheadscrewdriver(togetittolineup,nottotightenit),mostcommonlyusedwithaconnectorbolt.thedowelisinsertedintoaholeinonepieceofwood,thatalsohasaholetoaccepttheboltintotheholeinthecenterofthedowel,andthentheboltisputthroughaholeinanotherpieceofwoodandthetwocanthenbetightlyjoined,butlaterbrokendownifdesired.Becauseoftheirwidespreaduseinknockdownbedassemblies,thesearealsocalled"bedbolts".Examples:
cuphingesynonymouswithEuropeanhinge
cuphookAsmallmetalrod,threadedononeendandbentintoacupshapeontheunthreadedportion,anditmayormaynothaveacircularflangeseparatingthetwosections.Thedeviceisscrewedintoawallorotherholdingelementsothatthingscanbehungfromit.Ibelievethenamederivesfromthefactthattheshapeislikeacup,butIhaveseenlargeonesusedtohangdrinkingcupsbytheirhandles,soI'mnotpositive.Examples:
cutnailAflat,taperednailthatisstampedoutofsheetsteel.Thesenailshaveabluntendinsteadofapointandarectangularcrosssectionandhavegreaterholdingpowerthanwirenails.Theyareoftenusedforfasteningflooring.Examples:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_S.htm#steelhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_T.htm#taperedhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_IJK.htm#knockdownhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#flooringdeadnailIndaysgoneby,screwswereeithernotinventedyetorhardtocomeby,butnailswereavailable,socertaintypesonconstructionweregivethenecessaryholdingpowerbydrivinganailthroughtheconnectingitemsandthenbendingthepointedendoverattheback.Suchnailswerethenreferredtoas"dead"nails,andthephrase"deadasadoornail"referredtosuchauseinacommontypeofdoorconstruction.
deckscrewAsthenamesays,thistypeofscrewisdesignedforuseindecks(externalstructuresusuallyoftreatedlumberorverydurablehardwood),thustheyaremadefromgalvanizedsteel,stainlesssteel,orarecoatedinsomewaytoresistscorrosion.Thehaveverycoarsethreadsandsometimeshaveasectionatthetopthathascylindrcialridgesratherthansprialthreadsthisistoresistpulloutduetoexpansion/contractionofthewood(oncethescrewisdriven,thewoodfiberspushbackaroundtheridgesandnotbeinghelical,theystronglyresisthavingthescrew"undrive"itselfduetowoodmovement).TheyareALWAYSflatheadedandcountersunkorhavesmallheads(atypeoftrimscrew)thatwillsitbelowthedecksurfacesinceitwouldbereallyobnoxioustohavescrewheadsstickingupoutofadeck.Thedrivetypeisnormallyeitherallenheadorphillipshead,neverflatheadbecausedrivingscrewsintodeckingrequiresalotoftorqueandflatheaddrivesarejusttoolikelytostrip.Sometimes,deckingscrewsareatypeofselftappingscrew.Examples:
demountablehingeAspecialtyhingethatisusedtofacilitatethemountingandadjustmentofcabinets,especiallykitchencabinets.Therearetwotypes:thedoubledemountablehingeandthesingledemountablehinge.
demountablehingeslotcutterArouterbitusedtocuttheslotsneededbyademountablehingetab.Examples:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_QR.htm#routerbitdieseetapanddie
dockwasherAverylarge,thickfenderwasherforuseonheavyconstruction(suchasamarinedock,thusthename).
doorhingeAbutthingethatisstrongenoughtoholdahousedoor.Often,doorhingeswillbesomewhatfancyinsteadofjustplainflatmetal,andtheywillalsofrequentlyhaveafinialatboththetopandbottomofthehingepin.Doorhingesareoftenputintomortisesinboththeedgeofthedoorandtheframe,ascanbeseeninthelowerrightportionofthecompositepicbelow.Doorhingesonexternaldoorsaremostoftenmadeofeitherbrassorstainlesssteeltoavoidcorrosionduetoexposuretomoisture.Eamples:
doorleafThehingeleafthatismountedtoadoor.Compare/contrasttoframeleaf.
doorwingsynonymouswithdoorleaf
doubleactionspringhingeAtypeofhingethathastwo(hinge)barrelsthatactinawaythatallowsadoortoswingmorethan180degreesineachdirection(inandout)andspringloadedsothatthedooralwaysreturntocenterclosedposition.Alsocalled"doublebarrel"hinge,"saloondoor"hinge,and"cafedoor"hinge.Inadditiontothecompositepicbelowofexamplesofthistypehinge,Ihave,toshowtheaction,createdagraphicthatshowstheoperationlookingdownontoadoorandframe,withdirectionsarbitrarilydesignatedas"inward"totheleftand"outward"totheright(andonlyshowingashortportionofthedoorandframe).Notethatthedoorswingsoutwardcenteredonthebarrelcoloreddarkredanditswingsinwardcenteredonthebarrelcoloredblueandthetwobarrelsareattachedbya3rd(middle)leaf.Examples:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#frameleafhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_B.htm#butthingedoublecrankedhingeAtypeofhingethathasacrankonbothleavesandthusallowsadoororwindowtoswingthrough180degreesandmovecompletelyclearofthedoorframearea.Asimilaritemwithonlyoneofthetwoleaveshavingacrankiscalledthesinglecrankedhinge.Crankedhingesarealsocalled"stormproofhinges"becauseoftheircommonusewiththekindoflouveredpanelsthatusedtobecalled"stormwindows"beforemoderntechnologymadethattermcometomorecommonlymeansomethingelse.Seehingepartsforadiscussionofthepartsthatmakeupthehinge.Notethatinthegraphicbelow,Ihavedrawnthewindowsuchthatwhencloseditsitsproudoftheframe,butitcouldjustaswellbemountedsothatitendsupflushwhenclosed(whichwouldresultintheirbeingalargergapatthehingewhenit'sfullyopen,butthat'snotaproblem,itjustdidn'tlookasneatwhendrawnthatway).Examples:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_C.htm#crankdoubledemountablehingeThisisasomewhatcomplextypeofspecialtyhingethatisdesignedtofacilitateinstallationandadjustmentofcabinetdoors,especiallykitchencabinetdoorswheretherearetypicallymanyinarowandyouneedthemtoalllineupneatly.Themechanismthatallowstheeasyadjustmentthatisattheheartofthistypeofhingeisatabthatisinsertedintoamortiseinthewoodandthatiscutbyademountablehingeslotcutterrouterbit.Thetabispulledintotheinsideofthewoodensection(doororframe)byclampingpressureexertedbyacountersunkmachinescrewthatgoesthroughthe(hinge)leafandintoathreadedholeinthemiddleofthetabbutwhichdoesnottouchthewoodanywherebecausetheslotiscutextralargetoallowformovement(upanddownANDbackandforth)ofthescrewsoastoalignthedoorasneeded.Becausethistabmechanismisonboththedoorleafandtheframeleaf,thereisagreatdealofflexibilityintermsofadjustingthepositionofthedoor.Comparethistothegreatprecisionthatyouhavetohaveinplacingthescrewholesformountingothertypesofhingestomakesureallthecabinetdoorslineupandyoucanseewhythistypeofhingeisafavoriteofkitchencabinetinstallers.Thereisanotherversionofthistypehingethatonlyhasthetabmechanismonthedoorleafanditiscalledasingledemountablehinge.Thisisapartiallyconcealedhingebecauseonlythebarrelandpartoftheframeleafareexposed,anditisatypeofflushhinge.Youcan'tseethatinthepicsbelowbecausetheangleiswrongonallofthem,butifyoulookattheillustrationswithsingledemountablehingeyou'llseewhatImean.Theflushaspectisimplicitinthemountingpicintheupperrighthandcorner,butyoumayhavetothinkaboutitabittoseeit.Althoughit'snotobviousfromthepicsbelow,somestylesofthishingerequireamountingtechniquethatisslightlydifferentfromthatshownintheupperrightbelow.Thesecondfromthelefthingeinthepicbelowexemplifiesthisifyoulookcarefully,you'llseethattheonlywaythishingecouldbemountedisiftheentirebackedgeofthedoorbegivenanedgerabbet.Theterm"demountable"inthenameissomewhatmisleadingsinceitwouldnormallyimplythatnoscrewdriverisrequiredtodemountthehinge(seeliftoffhinge),butthatisnotthecasewiththishinge,althoughitISeasiertoremovethantraditionalhingesbecauseonlytheonemachinescrewintheframeleafneedstoberemovedtodismountthedoorANDthehinge.Examples:
doubledovetailhalflapsynonymouswithcornerhalflapwithdoubledovetail
dowelscrewAcylindrical(nottapered)metalshank(typicallyofsteel)withnohead,woodscrewthreads,andbothendspointed.Theseareusedtoconnecttwowoodenpartsthathaveblindholes,suchasthefinialonastairrailing.Someareunthreadedinthecentertomakeinstallationusingapairoflockingpliersgrippingthecentereasy.Donotconfusewithahangerbolt,whichhasamachinescrewononeendandawoodscrewontheother.Vendorssometimeslistthesetwodifferentitemsindiscriminatelyasonebeingtheother.Examples:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_L.htm#lockingpliershttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_C.htm#cornerhalflapwithdoubledovetailhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_DE.htm#edgerabbethttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#frameleafhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_B.htm#blindhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#finialhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_M.htm#mortisedrawerfrontscrewAscrew,usuallysteelwithabroad,flatheadandanunthreadedareabelowtheheadthencoarse,firmgripingthreadsbelowthat.Theseareusedindrawerfrontsasfollowsandillustratedinthecompositepicbelow:thefalsefrontisattachedtothedrawersidesandtwooversizedholesaredrilledinit,thenthedrawerfront,whichiswideenoughtohidethedrawersidesandpreventthedrawerfromslidingbackintothecarcass,isattachedtothefalsefrontthroughtheoversizedholes,usingthedrawerfrontscrews.Thisallowssomemovementindrawerfrontsothatitcanbelineduppreciselysoastonotlookskewedfromthefrontofthecabinet,andthenwhenit'slinedupthescrewsaretightened.ThesearemostcommonlyprovidedwithPhillipsheaddriveholesbecauseaflatheaddrivecouldtooeasilyslipoffandmarthesurfaceontheinsideofthedrawer.Examples:
drillrodsynonymouswiththreadedrod
dropflaphingeAhingedesignedforusewithaverticalpanelthatcoversthefrontofacabinetsectionbutdropsdown90degreestoprovideahorizontalworkspace.Nottobeconfusedwithdropleafhinge.Examples:
needtoadddropflaphingepics
dropleafhingeFordropleaftableextensionsandnottobeconfusedwithdropflaphinge.Thisisabutthingebutwithoneofthe(hinge)leaveswiderthantheothersoastoclearthecurvedportionofthedropleaf.Betterexplainedwithpicsthanwords,sohereyougo:
needtoadddropleafhingepics
drywallscrewAsthenamesays,thiskindofscrewisdesignedforusewithdrywallsoitdoesn'thavetobeverystrongandthustheyaregenerallyprettyskinny.Thayarealwaysflatheadscrewssoastobeflushwiththedrywallsurface,andtheyarecountersunkinacurvedfashion(oftencalleda"bugle"head)soastonotabruptlythedrywallastheygoin.Theyalsoseemstoalwaysuseaphillipsheaddrivetype,probablybecauseifthescrewdriverslippedoffofaflatheaddrivetypeitcouldpokeaholeinthedrywallandtheshapedoesnotlenditselftotheuseofarobertsondrive.Theytypicallyaremadeofsteel,sometimeswithablackfinishandhavequitecoarsethreadsandtheyaresometimesatypeofselftappingscrewsinceontheothersideofthedrywalltheyhavetogointoastudforthesamereason,theyoftenhaveaverysharppointiftheyarenotselftapping.Unlikemorenormalwoodscrewstheouterdiamerofthethreadsonthesescrewsislargerthantheunthreadedshank.Compare/contrasttoparticleboardscrewandseealsoreversethreaddrywallscrew.Examples:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_DE.htm#drywallhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_B.htm#butthingehttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_S.htm#studhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_DE.htm#dropleafedgemountedForahingeleaf,thismeansthattheleafismounted(withorwithoutamortise)intotheedge,asopposedtothebackortheface,ofthedoorandframethatitismountedon.Compare/contrasttofacemounted.Seehingemountingpositionsandstylesforanillustration.
edgemountedhingeAnyhingeusesedgemountingonbothofthe(hinge)leaves.Seehingemountingpositionsandstylesforanillustration.Compare/contrasttofacemountedhinge.
elevatorboltAboltthatisusuallysimilartoacarriageboltinthatithasthesquaretoptotheshankandnoslottingorotherdrivemechanismatthetopofthehead,butunlikethecarriagebolt,theelevatorbolthasaverywidethinheadthatpresentsalotofsurfaceareaforgripping,butalowprofilesoastonotpresentmuchofanobstructionabovethesurface.Thereareothervariations,mostnotablyonethathastriangluarprotrusionsgoingdownfromtheheadtogripthewoodandpreventturning(thisvarietydoesnothavethesquaresectionatthetopoftheshank),andanotherformthatsimplyomitsthesquaresection,althoughonthisone,it'snotcleartomehowitisthattheheadiskeptfromrotatingwhilethenutistightened.Examples:
endnailingInsertinganaildirectlyinto(thatis,perpendicularto)thelongdirectionofamember.Thisisgenerallyapoortechniquebecausenailsdonotholdwellwhendrivendirectlyintoendgrain.Whenanailisdriventhroughthefaceofoneplankandintotheendgrainofasupportpost,it'satossupwhetheritshouldbecalledendnailingorfacenailing,thoughthepreferenceseemstobeendnailing,withfacenailingbeingmoreoftenusedwhennailingtogethertwoparallelplanksorwhennailingthroughafaceandintoaside.Compare/contrasttotoenailingandfacenailing.Example:
endplayInahinge,thisistheamountofmovementthata(hinge)leafcanmakeperpendiculartothe(hinge)barrel.Seehingedimensions.
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_M.htm#mortiseEuropeanhingeAlsoknownas"cuphinge"and"Europeanconcealedhinge",theseareofadesignquitedifferentfrommore"normal"hinges.Theyhave2parts,thehingecupandarmasonepartandthemountingplateastheotherpart.Thedoorsideisfixedwiththe"cup",whichfitsinaroundmortiseinsidethedoorandisheldwithscrewsthatgothroughwingsthatcomeoutofthesidesofthecupmechanism.Thecabinetsideusesthe"mountingplate"whichcanbeadjustedhorizontallyandverticallysoyoucaneasilyalignarowofdoors.Therearetwotypesofthesehinges,oneforfaceframedoorsandoneforframelessdoors.Theyarefullyconcealedhingesandareverypopularforcabinetdoorsinkitchensandentertainmentcenters.Theyarealsosprungtocloseautomatically,sonocatchisrequiredattheclosingedgeofthedoor.Theyarealsoatypeofzeroclearancehinge.Examples:
expansionanchorboltavarietyofanchorboltthathastwoparts,theboltitself,andanexpansioncylinderthatisplacedinaholedrilledintomasonry.Astheboltistightened,theexpansionpartexpandsoutwardagainstthesidesoftheholethusprovidingastrongpressurefit.Unliketheotherformofanchorbolt(whichisan"L"shapedboltthatisputintoconcretebeforeitsets),thistypeisalsousedforhorizontalapplications(inthesideofamasonrywall,forexample).Asimilarfastenerpairisalagscrewwithalagscrewshield.Fordirectfasteningtomasonry(withoutasleeve)seemasonryscrew.Examples:
externaltoothlockwasherAlockwasherforwhichthelockingmechanismisasetofteetharoundtheouterrimofwhatwouldotherwisebeaflatwasher.Thistype,ascontrastedtoaninternaltoothlockwasher,hasgreaterholdingpower,butcanmarthesurface(oftheobjectbeingclamped)whereitshows.Examples:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#faceframedoorhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_M.htm#masonryeyeboltAboltthathasaringofmetal(the"eye")ontopinsteadofanormalbolthead.Theseareusedforvariouskindsoftiedowns,witharopeorwiregoingthroughthering.Thereisanalmostidenticalconstructthathasataperedend(andisusedinwood)thatiscalledaneyelagscrew(and,technicallyincorrectly,alsocalledan"eyelagbolt"eventhoughit'sascrew).Theseconstructsmayormaynothaveashoulder.
eyehook(alsocalled"eyescrew")Ametalrod,mostcommonlysteel,thatisthreadedononeendandbentintoacircleontheotherend.Thedeviceisscrewedintoawallorothersupportstructureandusedforhangingthings.Itisparticularlyusefulforthreadingastringorropethroughanumberofthemsothatthingscanbehungfromordrapedontherope.Whentheseconstructsarefairlylarge,andparticularlywhentheeyeisacontinuouspiece,theyaremorenormallycalledeyelagscrews.Examples:
eyelagsynonymouswitheyelagscrew
eyelagboltAcommonlyusednameforwhatisalso,andmorecorrectly,calledaneyelagscrew
eyelagscrewAconstructidenticaltoaneyeboltexceptthatithasataperedend(makingitascrewratherthanabolt,andunlikeitsnamesaketheeyebolt,itisreallyascrewnotabolteventhoughithasauniform(nottapered)shank(butitISpointedontheend).Anotherwayoflookingatitisthatitisalagscrewwitharingforahead.Iftheseconstructsarefairlysmallandhaveadiscontinuousring(andsometimesevenwithacontinuousring)theyarecalledeyehooksoreyescrews.Inpractice,thedistinctionbetweeneyehookandeyelagscrewseemstobevaguetononexistentbutthename"lag"usuallyimpliesthelarger/thickerversionandtheterm"hook"generallyimpliesthethattheeyeisadiscontinuouspiece,justbentfromtheshank.ThenamesaresointerchangeablethatIhavethe
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_S.htm#shoulderhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_DE.htm#eyeitemsincludedinthecompositepicbelowarewhatIthinkSHOULDbecalledeyehooks.TheseconstructsmayormaynothaveashoulderbutmostcommonlytheydobecauseotherwiseyoumightturnthemafterthenhaveenteredthematerialallthewayandthuscreateacirculargougeinthesurfaceTheyaremostcommonlysteel.Examples:
eyescrewsynonymouswitheyehook
facemountedForahingeleafthismeanthatitismountedonthefaceorback,asopposedtotheedge,ofthedoorandframetowhichitisattached.Itmayormaynothaveanymortises.Nottobeconfusedwithsurfacemounted.Compare/contrasttoedgemounted.Seehingemountingpositionsandstylesforanillustration.
facemountedhingeAnyhingeusesfacemountingonbothofthe(hinge)leaves.Seehingemountingpositionsandstylesforanillustration.Compare/contrasttoedgemountedhinge.
facenailingInsertinganaildirectlyinto(thatis,perpendicularto)thefaceofaplank.Whenanailisdriventhroughthefaceofoneplankandintotheendgrainofasupportpost,it'satossupwhetheritshouldbecalledendnailingorfacenailing,thoughthepreferenceseemstobeendnailing,withfacenailingbeingmoreoftenusedwhennailingtogethertwoparallelplanksorwhennailingthroughafaceandintoaside.Compare/contrasttotoenailingandendnailing.Example:
fastenerAsoliddevice(thatis,notanadhesive)usedtojointwoobjectstogether.Belowisalistoftheonesmostcommonlyusedinwoodworking,withlinkstotheirentriesinthisglossary.Severalofthesehavemanysubtypesthatarediscussedwiththeindividualterms.NOTE:INCOMPLETESECTIONsomeofthetermsbelowarenotyetdefinedinthisglossary
bradboltcorrugatedfastenerhingenailpinrivetscrewstapletackwasherother???
fastpinhingeAhingeinwhichthehingepinisfastenedpermanentlyinplaceasopposedtobeingaremovablecylinder,asitisin,forexample,adoorhinge."fast"inthisinstancedoesnotmeanspeedy,itmeanspermanentandinfactanothernameforthisis"fixedpinhinge".Foranexampleofafastpinhinge,seebarrelhinge(type#2).Compare/contrasttoloosepinhinge.
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_S.htm#shoulderhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_A.htm#adhesivehttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_M.htm#mortisefenderwasherAwasherthatisverylikeacommonflatwasherexceptthatithasanODthatissomethinglike4or5timestheIDratherthanthe2timesofanormalflatwasher.Thepurposeoffenderwashersistodistributethepressureofthescreworboltheadfarwiderthanisthecasewithanormalwasherfenderwashersaredesignedforusewithverythinmaterial(hey,likethefenderofacar!).Thereisanextrathick,heavydutyversionofthesethatareusedforheavyconstuctionandarecalled"dockwashers".Examples:
finishingnailAslendernailwithasmall,semisphericalhead,whichisusedwithtrimandmoldingandinplaceswherenailholesmustbeverysmall.Itiscalleda"finishing"nailbecause(1)itisusedinfinishcarpentry(thisistheoriginalsourceofthename)and(2)itisusedinplaceswherethefinishofapieceshows,anditisimportanttouseasmallheadednailsothatitisunobtrusiveand/orcanbeunobtrusivelycoveredwithwoodputtyandfinishedtoblendinwiththesurroundingsurface.Ithasthesignificantdisadvantageofpoorholdingpowerbecauseofthesmallhead,soisnotusedinsituationswhereholdingpowermattersmuch.Also,itisthinnerrelativetoitslengththanasamelengthcommonnailbutissoldusingthesame"penny"designationbasedonLENGTH(ratherthanthesamenumberofnailsperunitprice)asthecommonnailofthesamelength.SO...a6pennyfinishingnailwillhavethesamelengthasa6pennycommonnailbutwillweighconsiderablylessbecauseitismuchthinner(alittlethinnnereventhanaboxnailofthesamelength).Thereisacorrespondingversionofthisforscrews,thetrimscrewwhichisalsocalleda"finishingscrew".Examples:
finishingscrewsynonymouswithtrimscrew
finishscrewsynonymouswithtrimscrew
finishwasher(akafinishcupwasher,akatrimwasher)Awasherforusewithcountersunkheadsonboltsorscrewsbutwithoutthecountersunkhole.Theyareshapedsomethinglikeadonutslicedhorizontallyandhaveseveraluses.Usethemtodressupexposedscrewheadsortoconvertaflatheadtoa"pan"headwhenthescrewcannotbecountersunk.Theyalsohelpdistributetheloadwhichcanbehelpfulwithsoftermaterialsandtheyworkwellforcreatingeyesorheadlightsonchildrens toys.Compare/contrasttoflushwasher.Examples:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#finishcarpentryhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_UVWXYZ.htm#woodputtyhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_IJK.htm#idhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_NO.htm#odhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_M.htm#moldinghttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_T.htm#trimfixedpinhingesynonymouswithfastpinhinge
flangeAnexternalorinternalrib,orrim(lip),usedeitherforstrength(e.g.theflangesofanIbeamwhicharethehorizontalmembersatthetopandbottomofthebeam)orforaguide(e.g.theflangeofatrainwheel,whichkeepsthewheelonthetrack)orforattachmenttoanotherobject(e.g.theflangeontheendofapipe).Thehorizontalmembersofaboxbeamarecalledflanges.Theextensionsofroofflashing,usuallyatchimneysandplumbingvents,aresometimescalledflanges.Somehandledtoolswithageneralshapelikethatofascrewdriver(althoughpossiblyaradicallydifferentuse)sometimeshaveaflangeorshouldertopreventthetangorshankfrombeingdriventoofarintothehandleandsplittingit.Itemssuchascuphooksoftenhaveapartthatiscalledtheshoulderorflange.
flangeboltAboltwithaflangeatthebottomoftheheadtoprovidemoresurfaceoverwhichtospreadoutthepressureoftheheadontheobjectbeingclampled.Thesearemostcommonlyhexheadboltsbutthereisnothinginthedefinitionthatrequiresthat.Flangeboltsmanyormaynothaveserratedridgesonthebottomoftheflange.Examples:
flangedHavingoneormoreflanges.
flangedcapnutAcapnutwithaflangearoundthebottomtomorewidelydistributethepressureonthesurfacebeingclamped.Examples:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_IJK.htm#ibeamhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_T.htm#tanghttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#flashinghttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_S.htm#shoulderhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_B.htm#boxbeamhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_S.htm#shoulderflangedcountersunkwasherAcountersunkwasherwithaflangearoundtherimtodistributethepressureontheclampedsurfacemorewidely.Examples:
flangenutAnutthathasaflangearoundthesidethatisgoingputagainsttheobjectbeingclampled.Mostlythesearehexheadnutsbuttherearealsocapnutsthatareflanged.Theflangeservestodistributethepressurefromthenutoverawiderareaofthepartbeingclamped,reducingthechanceofdamagetothepartandmakingitlesslikelythatthenutmightloosenduetoanunevensurface.Theflangemaybeserratedtoprovidealockingaction,inwhichcasethenutisformallycalledaserratedflangenut.Theserrationsareangledsuchthattheykeepthenutfromrotatinginthedirectionthatwouldloosenit.Examples:
flathead(1)Shortforflatheadscrewdriverflathead(2)Aflatheadscrewflathead(3)Aboltorscrewthatisdesignedtobedrivenwithaflatheadscrewdriver.flathead(4)TheHEADofaboltorscrewthatisdesignedtobedrivenwithaflatheadscrewdriver.
flatheadscrew(1)Ascrewthathasaflathead,sothatitwillbeflushwiththeobjectitisscrewedintothisrequiresacountersunkhead.Itusuallyhasataperedshankbuttheseexistasbothwoodscrewsandmachinescrewsandthemachinescrewshaveastraightshankandoftenhaveanallenheaddriveslotbutthewoodscrewsalmostalwayshaveaflathead",aphillipshead,oraRobertsondriveslot.Themostcommonmaterialsforthesearesteel,brass,andaluminum.flatheadscrew(2)Anyscrewthatusesaflatheadscrewdriver.Examplesoftype(1):
Examplesoftype(2):
flatheadscrewdriverThisisTHEstandardscrewdriverandwhatpeoplenormallymeanwhentheysayscrewdriver(theotherwidelyusedversionisthephillipsheadscrewdriver).Theendisshapedlikealongskinnyrectangle(likeaminussign)andfitsintoacorrespondingslotinthescrewhead.Thebigdisadvantageofflatheadscrewsandtheirdriversisthetendencytostriptheslotinthetopofthescrewheadwhenhightorqueisused.Theyjustdon'tprovidemuchprotectionagainstthat.Examples:
flatspeednutseespringnut
flatwasherThemostcommontypeofwasher,theflatwasherisasimplediskofmaterial,normallymetal,andisdesignedtodistributethepressurefromtheheadofaboltorscrewacrossmoreofthesurface(intowhichthefastenerisbeingput)thanwouldbecoveredbyjusttheheadofthefastener.Compare/contrasttofenderwasherandsplitringlockwasher.Thereisasquareversionofthiscalled,notverysurprizingly,thesquarewasherExamples:
floorCloserAlsoknownasaspringpivot,thisisaspringloadeddoorclosingdevicethatisinstalledinarecessinthefloorbelowapivothingeinordertoregulateandcontroltheopeningandclosingofthedoor.Thesehaveaheavyspringwhichisattachedtothepivotpinwhereitcomesdownintotheflooranditinturnisrigidlyattachedinsidethebottomofthedoor.
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_T.htm#torqueflushcrankedhingeAspecialtytypeofsinglecrankedhingethathasacutoutintheframeleafsothataninsetcabinetdoorcanswingafull180degreesandbeflushwiththefaceframebothwhenopenandwhenclosed.Actually,ImayhavebeenhastyinacceptingthisdefinitionsinceIfindthattherareinfactsomedoublecrankedhingesthataretheflushtype.Theylooklikethesomeoftheonesinthecompositepicbelowexceptthatthetonguelikeleafalsohasadogleg.Examples:
flushhingeYoumightthinkfromthenamethatthishassomethingtodowithahingebeingflushmountedwithamortiseinthedoorortheframe,butquitetheopposite,whatitreallyisisatypeofedgemountedhingethatisalsoasurfacemountedhinge.Thatis,itismountedontheedgeofthedoorandframeandwithnomortiseintheeither.Ithaswhatamountstobeingamortise(generallyreferredtoasa"recess"inthiscase)inoneoftheleaves(whichisgenerallymountedastheframeleaf)intowhichtheotherleaffitswhenthedoorisclosedsoastoprovideonlyasinglehingeleaf'swidthofopeningbetweenthedoorandtheframe.Theyareusedasedgemountedhingesinanycabinetdoorsthatdon'tneedtohaveareallytightfitbetweentheframeandthebackedgeofthedoor.Ratherthanbeing"flushmounted"inthesenseofbeingmortised,thistypeofhingeavoidstheneedforamortiseinthedoorortheframe.Generally,thesearenotusedforheavyloadbearingapplications.Examples:
needtoaddflushhingepics
flushwasherAwasherthatislikeaflatwasherexceptthatthecenterispresseddownintoaconeshapetoconformtotheundersideofacountersunkscrewandtherimactstospreadtheloadoutalotmorethanisthecasewithacountersunkheadalone.Compare/contrasttofinishwasher.Examples:
foldingscreenhingeThisisatypeofhingethatisfunctionallysimilartothedoubleactionspringhingeinthatitallows360degreesofmovement,butitislighterweightandhasnospringsbecauseitisdesignedtoallowafoldingscreentoberepositionedbutnotactuallyswungbackandforththewaycafedooris,forexample.Thatis,thefoldingscreenhingeisnotreallyaloadbearinghingeatall.Likethedoubleactionspringhingeithas,effectively,threeleavesandtwobarrels,butitisasomewhatmorecomplexlayoutandlessstrengthasyoucanseeinthepicsbelow.Examples:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#frameleafhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_M.htm#mortisehttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_DE.htm#doglegfoldingtablehingesynonymouswithbutlertrayhinge[actually,thereareseveraltypesofhingesthatcouldwellbeusedinfolduptabletops,buttheyeachhavetheirownnames]
frameboltAnilldefinedtermthatseemstorefermostoftentoflangeboltsasusedinframing,withbedframes,inautomobiles,etc.butalsoisusedtodesignateothertypesofboltswhentheyareusedinframingapplications.Inotherwords,thisseemstobealooselydefinedtermbasedontheUSEofabolt,notthestyleoftheboltitself.
framelessdoorAdoorforaframelesscabinet.Thesedoorsarealwaysoverlaydoorsratherthaninsetdoors(seefaceframedoorsforfurtherdiscussion)becauseinsetdoorsinaframelesscabinetwouldgivethetotalconstructquiteanunattractivelook.Compare/contrasttofaceframedoor.Examples:
framinghammerSimilartoaheavyclawhammerbutwithtwodifferences.First,theclawisstraightratherthancurvedwhichallowsittobemoreeasilyusedasacrowbar.Second,theheadhasawafflelikecrosshatchingandframingnailshaveasimilarcrosshatchingonthetopoftheirheads,thusprovidingastrikingsurfacebetweenhammerandnailthatisfarlesslikelytoslipoffthanoftenhappenswhenanormalsmoothtopcommonnailisstuckwithaclawhammer(whichhasasmoothface).Thecrosshatchingontheheadofthistypehammerdoestendtomarthewood,butsinceitisframing,itwillbecoveredupandthemarringwon'tbeseen.Someframinghammershaveamagnetizedslotalongthetopedgeofthestrikingsurfacetoholdanail.Thisallowsthenailtobeplacedanddrivenquicklywithjustonehand.Framinghammersaregoingthewayofthedodobirdnowthatnailgunshavetakenoverinframingwork.Examples:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_C.htm#crowbarhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_C.htm#clawhammerhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#faceframedoorhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#faceframedoorhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#framinghttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#framinghttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#framelesscabinetframingnailAcommonnailthathasbeencrosshatchedacrossthetopofitsheadsothatwhenstruckbyaframinghammer(whichhasacrosshatchedheadface)theblowwillbeveryunlikelytoresultinthehammerheadslippingoffofthenailhead.Framingnailsaregoingthewayofthedodobirdsincetheadventofnailguns,whichareMUCHfasterthanaframinghammerandnail,andthenailsinthenailgunsdon'tneedthecrosshatchedheadofthetrueframingnail.Infact,thetrueframingnailasdescribedhereisSOrarethatIwasunabletofindevenonepicofitanywhereanywhereontheInternet.TheoneexampleIcouldfindwasadrawing,notapicofanactualnail,butitdoesshowcorrectlywhattheylooklike:
framingscrewAvaguetermthatseemstobeappliedtoanyscrew,regardlessoftype,ifitisusedinaframingapplication.
FrenchcleatAsimple,strongmountingmechanismforwallcabinets(ormostanyheavywallmountedobjectthathas,orthatcanbemadetohave,aflatback).The"cleat"isnothingmorethanabeveledplankthatismountedtothewallstudsandthatthenprovidesalong"hook"onwhichtohangtheflatbackedobject,asshownintheexamplebelow.Acorrsponding"hook"plank(alsobeveled)isglued/screwedontothetopbackoftheobjecttobehung.
needtoaddfrenchcleatpics
frictionhingeAnyhingethathasafrictionmechanisminthe(hinge)barrelthatcausesfrictionbetweenthe(hinge)knucklestokeepadooropenatanyfixedposition.Althoughawellbalancedbutthingewillallowadoortositatanyposition,astrongbreezewillmovethedoorunlessthehingeisafrictionhingeandthenitwilltakealittlemoreforcetomovethedoor.
fullmortisehingeAnyhingethathasbothofits(hinge)leavessittinginmortisesratherthanbeingsurfacemounted.Leavesthatsitinmortisesareflushwiththesurfacethattheyarein,sothattheydonotgetinthewayofthedoorclosing.Compare/contrasttofullsurfacehinge.
fullsurfacehingeAnyhingethathasbothofits(hinge)leavessurfacemountedratherthansittinginmortises.Leavesthataresurfacemountedcan,dependingonwheretheyaremounted,interferewiththeclosingofadoor,orattheveryleastrequireagapthatwouldnotberequirediftheyweremortised.Theadvantageofsurfacemountedleavesisverysimple...youdon'thavetocreateamortise.Compare/contrasttofullmortisehinges.
fullwraparoundhingeAtypeofhingethatwrapsaroundboththeedgeandthebackofbothadoorandthefaceframeonaninsetfaceframecabinet.Itprovidesstrengthandafull180degreeopeningrange.YouCOULDdothesamejobwithabutthingebutyou'dhavetoputscrewsonlyintotheedgeofeachwhereasthefullwraparounddesignallowsmountingscrewsinboththeedgeandthebackofthedoorandtheframe.Sometimes270degreehingesarecalledwraparoundhinges(andseveralvariationsonthatname,whicharelistedwiththeterm270degreehinge),buttheitemshownhereiswhatisnormallyintendedbythetermfullwraparoundhingeandthereisanotherstylecalledthepartialwrapaoundhinge.Thepartialwraparoundhingeistypicallyusedinaframelesscabinetwhereasthefullwraparoundisusedinafaceframecabinet.Examples:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#faceframecabinethttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_B.htm#butthingehttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_M.htm#mortisehttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_B.htm#beveledhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#framinghttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_M.htm#mortisehttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_B.htm#butthingehttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#faceframecabinethttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#framelesscabinetfullyconcealedhingeAnyhingethathastheentiremechanismhiddenfromviewwhenthehingedobjectisclosed.Thisishighlydesirableonsomeobjects,suchasjewelryboxesandentertainmentcentercabinetdoors.Thereareseveraltypesoffullyconcealedhinges,themostcommonofwhicharelistedbelowwithlinkstotheirfulldefinitionsandillustrations.Theninthecompositepicbelowthatareshownanumberof"miscellaneous"concealedhinges,someofwhichhaveabodystylethatisVERYclosetotheSOSShinge,butthemechanismisslightlydifferent.Compare/contrasttopartiallyconcealedhinge.
barrelhingetype#1hascylindrical(barrelshaped)leavesandflatplatsasknucklesEuropeanhingeatypeofzeroclearancehingewidelyusedincabinetdoorsSOSShingesimilartobarrelhingebutwithstrongermountingmechanism
galvaniccorrosionAprocessthatcausescorrosionindissimilarmetalsthatareincontactwitheachotherinthepresenceofsaltwater(orcertainotherchemicals)thecombinationofmetalsandelectrolytecreatesanelectronicprocesswhichseparatesmaterialoffofoneofthemetallicsurfaces.Nonconductingphenolicwashersareusedtopreventthiswhen,forexample,steelscrewsareusedinaluminumblocks.
gatehook[alsogatehook]Atypeofhookingsystemmostoftenusedtokeepscreendoorsclosed.Itconsistsofaneyehookoneachendandalong,speciallyshapedcuphookattachedtooneofthemandfittingintotheother.Alsocalleda"hookandeye".Examples:
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_S.htm#steelhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_C.htm#corrosionhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_DE.htm#electronicglassdoorhingeAtypeofpivothingedesignedspecificallyforusewithglassdoors.Whataccomodatesglassdoorssowellisa"U"crosssectionedbracketthatholdstheglass.Sometimesscrewsareusedtoholdthebracket,butmoreoftenitisgluedtotheglass(orinstalledasapressurefitwithhighfrictionrubber)soastoavoidhavingtodrillscrewholesintheglass.The(hinge)pinthenprotrudesdirectlyupordownintotheframe.Ihaveseenevenveryheavyfullsizedglassdoorsmountedwiththistechnique,butitismorecommonlyusedindisplaycasesandhomeentertainmentcenters.Examples:
grubscrewsynonymouswithsetscrew
gudgeonThe"hole"partofapintleandgudgeonhinge.Whenusedonships'rudders,thegudgeonisalmostalwaysaUshapedstrapwiththeholeathemiddleoftheU,butinotherapplication,othertypesareused.Examples:
gutterspikeThisisalongnail(usuallyabout7"to8"longandupto3/8"indiameter,althoughmorelike1/4"ismorecommon)thatisspecificallyusedtoinstallroofgutters.Asshowninthecompositepicbelow,thenailisputintotheouterholeinthegutter,theninsertedthroughtheferruleandthenthroughtheinnerholeinthegutteranddrivenintothefascia.Theferrulepreventsthenailfrombeinghammeredinsofarthatitbendsthegutter.Generally,thesearequitesimilartocommonnailsinappearance,buttheendoftheshankmayberidgedforbetterholdingpower.Therearelongscrewsthatarealsousedspecificallyforthesamejobforevenmoreholdingpower.
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#fasciaExamples:
handcountersinkAmanualtoolthatallowsyoutodrillouttheupperportionofaholesothattheheadofascrewwillsitflushwiththefaceoftheobjectitisputinto.Thereisaversionthatisusedindrillsjustcalledthecountersinkbit.Examples:
handednessVariousitemsinwoodworking,includingtools,locks,closers,somehingesandotherhardware,requirethatyoutakeintoaccountadirectionofmotionand/oramethodofmountingtoaccomdatethatmotion.Themostwidelyknownhandedtooisthescissors.It'sveryannoyingtousea"normal"pairofscissorsinyourlefthandsolefthandedscissorsweredeveloped.Forhinges,seehingehandedness.
handscrewAtraditionalwoodworkingclampwithtwolongwoodenjawsjoinedbytwothreadedrodsthathavehandlesinlinewiththeshank.Therodsadjustindependentlybyturningthehandles,whichallowsyoutopositionthejawsparalleloratanglestooneanother.Handscrewscomeinavarietyofsizes,basedonthelengthofthejaws,generallyfromabout4"toasmuchas12".Therearetwodisadvantagesofahandscrews.First,there'snoquickreleasetheonlywaytomovethejawsisbytheslowturningofthescrews,andsecond,itishardtotellwhenthesurfacesarereallyparalleltotheworkpiece(andthusprovidingevenpressure).Examples:
hangerboltAmetalcylinder(nottaperedandmostcommonlysteel)withscrewthreadsononeendandmachinethreadsontheotherendandthecentereitherfullythreadedor,moreoften,"plain"whichmeansthereisasectionwithoutthreadingtomakeinstallation
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#flushhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_C.htm#clamphttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_IJK.htm#jaweasier(youcangriptheunthreadedpartwithvisegrips).Oftenusedwithcornerbracesontheundersideoftablecorners,wherethescrewthreadedendisscrewedintothetablelegandthemachinescrewendrunsthroughananglebracketandwhichcanthenbetightenedbytheboltonthethatendofthehangerbolt.Anotheruseisinoverheadinstallationofthingsthatneedamachinescrewtoattachtobuthavetogointoawoodenjoist.Donotconfusewithdowelscrewwhichseemssomewhatsimilarbuthasscrewthreadsonbothendsandhascompletelydifferentuses.Vendorssometimeslistthesetwodifferentitemsindiscriminatelyasonebeingtheother.Examples:
head(1)Thetopportionofanail,screw,bolt,andmanyotheritems.Thedesignoftheheadoftendistinguishesbetweenandamongsuchitemsandisspecifictoparticularusesandtools.head(2)Theareaatthetopofawindowordoorinabuilding.Seealsoheader.
headboltAboltthatistobescrewedintoathreadedpieceofmetal,asopposedtobeingputTHROUGHapieceandfastenedontheothersidewithanut.AheadboltinpracticeisidenticaltootherboltsthenameisbasedontheUSE,notthedesign.TheheadboltISlikelytobethreadedallthewayuptheshankwhereassomeboltshaveanunthreadedsectionnearthehead.
headsideThepieceofwoodinajointthroughwhichascrewornailpassesonitswayintothereceivingpiece,whichisknownasthepointside.
hexagonhingeSupposedly,thisisatypeofbutthingeusedwithacabinetthatissetata45degreeangleinacorner,whichmakesthedoorandthetwoareastoeachsideofitthreepartsofahexagon,thusthename.Thepanelsofthedoorarebeveledonthebacksideto135degreesandthishingeisdesignedtoworkwiththat.Thesetypesofdoorsarecommoninkitchens.NOTE:IhaveseenVERYfewreferencestothistypeofhinge,Ifoundonepicofitandforgottosaveitandcouldnotfinditagain(itwasabutthingewithanangleinoneleaf)andIamdoubtfulabouttheneedforthistypeofhingesincefortheintendedapplication,dependingonthedesiredmountingtechniqueandthespecificsofthedoor/cabinetarrangement,onecoulduseasimplebutthingeorahalfcrankedhingeorafullwraparoundhingeorapartialwraparoundhinge.
hexcapscrewAcapscrewwithahexagonalhead
hexcouplingnutseecouplingnut
hexheadboltAboltwitha6sidedheadthatcanbeeasilyturnedwithacrescentwrench.Suchboltsmaybethreadedallthewayalongtheshankornot.Examples:
hexheadnut(also"hexnut")Amachinenutwithahexagonalshapedouterrim.
HhingeBasically,abutthingewithan"H"shapeforuseoninsetdoors.Althoughsomeversionscouldbeedgemountedhinges,
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_IJK.htm#joisthttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_IJK.htm#jointhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_GH.htm#hexagonalhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_IJK.htm#insetdoorhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_B.htm#butthingehttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_UVWXYZ.htm#visegriphttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_GH.htm#headerhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_B.htm#butthingehttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_GH.htm#hexagonalthatdoesnotseemtobeatallthenormandmostofthemarefacemountedhinges.Somearespecificallydesignedforuseondoorsthatareabitthinforedgemountedbutthinges.Inanycase,the"H"shapemeansthe(hinge)leavesaretallerthanthe(hinge)barrelwhichisabitlikeonaparlimenthingebutmoreextreme.TheshortbarrelisOKbecausethistypeofhingeisdesignedforonlymodestloadbearingrequirementsandthelongleavesarebothfordecorativeeffectandtoprovidealongersurfaceinwhichtoputmountingholes.Somethatareusemostlyfordecorativepurposeshavemountingholeonlyatthetopandbottomofeachleaf.SmallHhingestendtobeusedforcabinethinges,whilelargeronesareforpassagedoorsorclosetdoors.AverysimilarhingeistheHLhinge.Examples:
hiddenhingesynonymouswithfullyconcealedhinge
highcollarlockwasherAnextrathicksplitringlockwasher.Examples:
hilothreadAtypeofscrewthreadwherethereareactuallytwocoursesofthread,onehigherthantheother.Theseofferlowdrivingtorqueandfairlyhighholdingpowerinmaterialthatissomewhatcurmblysuchasmasonry,wallboard,particleboard,hardboard,etc.Itisalsofairlyeffectiveinverysoftwoods.Thedesigntrapsmaterialbetweenthehigherthreadswithoutcausingittocrumble.Examples:
hingeUsuallyathreepartmechanism,normallybutnotnecessarilymadeofmetal,thatholdstwopiecesofwood(orothermaterial)
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_M.htm#masonryhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_GH.htm#hardboardhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_P.htm#particleboardhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_UVWXYZ.htm#wallboardtogetherinawaythatallowsthemtorotate,toalimiteddegree,relativetoeachother,aroundtheaxisofthehinge.Thepartsofthecommontypesofhingesarethe(hinge)pinandtwo(hinge)leavesbuttherearemoretypesofhingesthanyoucanshakeastickatandnoteveryoneofthemisofthebasic(butthinge)typeorevenavariationonit.Theyaremostcommonlyusedfordoorsbuthaveotheruses(e.g.shipsrudders,dropleaftables).Typesofhinges,andhingerelatedterms,include:NOTE:INCOMPLETESECTIONsomeofthetermsbelowarenotyetdefinedandthereareothersnotyetlisted.Pleasenotethatsomeofthe"definitions"givenhereareoverlysimplisticforbrevityandthefulldefinitionsshouldbeexaminedforafullunderstandingoftheterm.Also,whilethislistisreasonablycomprehensive,itisnotexhaustive.Therearesomehingetypesthataresorarelyseen/usedthatlittleinformationisavailableonthemanditisalsopossiblethatsomeofthemareonlyavailablefromonemanufacturer.Ifigurethatiftheyarethatobscure,Idon'treallyneedtohavethemhere.Anexampleofthisisthe"pivotreinforced(butt)hinge".
270degreehingeallowsdoortorotate270degreesanchorhingeaverystrongdoorhingewithextramountingflapsontheleavesarchitecturalballbearinghingesameasballbearinghingearchitecturalhingeadoorhingeforeithercommercialorresidentialuseballtiphingeAnyhingewithafinialtipthatisshapedlikeaballbarrelThecylindricalpartofahingethroughwhichthepinpasses.ballbearinghingehasballbearingsbetweenthehingeknucklestoreducefrictionbarrelhingetype#1hiddentype,notforheavydutyusebarrelhingetype#2forheavyusewithwoodbarrelhingetype#3forusewithmetaldoors/gatesbifolddoorhingetwostyles,bothdesignedforusewithbifolddoorsbutthingethe"normal"or"standard"hingebutterflyhingeabutthingewithashapelikebutterflywings(butinGreatBritian,thenameissynonymouswithparlimenthinge)butlertrayhingeforthosebreakfastinbedtrayscabinethingecafedoorhingesameasdoubleactionspringhingecamlifthingeselfclosingcasehingesupposedlythisisjustanameusedforadecorativebutthinge,butIamunsureofthevalidityofthistermcardtablehingeallowsacardtabletofoldupcasementhingeforusewithacasementwindowcliponhingeNOTDONEYETcoachhingesameasbutthingecounterflaphingeusedforcounterflapsofthetypeoftenseeninbarsanddinersconcealedhingeanyhingethathassomeorallofitspartsconcealedfromview(seepartiallyconcealedandfullyconcealed)continuoushingesameaspianohingecrankedhingesee"singlecrankedhinge","doublecrankedhinge",andflushcrankedhinge"cuphingesameaEuropeanhingedemountablehingespecialtyhingeforcabinetdoors(seesingledemountableanddoubledemountable)dogbolthingesameassecurityhingedoorhingeabutthingestrongenoughtoholdahousedoordoorleafthehingeleafthatisattachedtothedoor,nottheframe/carcassdoorwingsameasdoorleafdropflaphingeusedwithverticalpanelthatdropsdowntobecomeahorizontalworksurfacedropleafhingeusedwithdropleaftabledoubleactionspringhingeusedtohangadoorthatwillswinginbothdirectionsdoublebarrelhingesameasdoubleactionspringhingedoublecrankedhingeallows180degreesofmovement,usedalotwithstormwindowsdoubledemountablehingespeciallymadeforcabinetdoorinstallationsdoublehingeallowsadoortoswingbothinwardandoutwardedgemountedhingeismountedontheedge,notthefrontorback,ofthedoorandframeendplaytheamountthatoneleafcanmoverelativetotheotherandparalleltothepin[seehingedimensions]EuropeanconcealedhingesameasEuropeanhingeEuropeanhingeatypeofconcealed,zeroclearancehingewidelyusedincabinetdoorsexposedhingeanyhingethathassomeorallofitspartsexposedtoviewfacemountedhingemountedonthefrontorback,asopposedtotheedge,ofthedoorandframe.fastpinhingehasapermanentlyattached,ratherthanremovable,hingefinialtippedhingeanyhingewherethetopofthepinistippedbyaturnedfinialfixedpinhingeatypeofsecurityhingeflaphingesameascounterflaphingeflipperdoorhingefloatinghingefloorcloserspringloadeddeviceinthefloorbelowapivothingetoclosethedoorflushcrankedhingespecialtytypeofsinglecrankedhingeflushhingehasarecessinoneleafintowhichtheotherleaffoldsfoldingscreenhingeprovides360degreesofmovementforfoldingscreensfoldingtablehingesameasbutlertrayhingeframeleafthehingeleafthatisattachedtotheframe/carcassnotthedoorframewingsameasframeleaffrictionhingeholdsdoorinanyfixedpositionbyafrictionmechanisminthebarrelfullmortisehingehasbothleavessittinginmortisesfullsurfacehingehasbothleavessurfacemountedinsteadofsittinginmortisesfullwraparoundhingeprovidesextrastrengthfora180degreeopening
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_DE.htm#dropleafhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_B.htm#butthingehttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_A.htm#axisfullyconcealedhingeanyhingethathasallofitspartsconcealedfromviewwhenclosedgatehingeanyhingestrongenoughtoholdagate(seegatestraphingeandgateThinge)gatestraphingeAstraphingethatisstrongenoughtoholdagategateThingeAThingethatisstrongenoughtoholdagateglassdoorhingepivothingeforglassdoorshalfmortisehingesameassinglemortisehingehandednessopendirectionsometimesdetermineswhichwayahingehastobemountedhexagonhingeforangledcabinetdoorsHhingeHshapedbutthingeusedoninsetdoorshingedimensionsagraphicshowingthevariousdimensionsofhingeshingehandednesssomehingeshavetobemountedinaparticularorientation,asexplainedinthistermhingelengthdimensionofhingeleavesparalleltothepin[seehingedimensions]hingepinthemetalrodthatholdsthetwopartsofahingetogetherhingeStileadoorstiletowhichahingeisaffixedhiddenhingesameasfullyconcealedhingehingecuppartofaEuropeanhingehingepitchThedistancefromapointonaknuckletothesamepointonanadjacentknuckleonthesameleafinvisiblehingesameasfullyconcealedhingehingefinialafinialonthetop/bottomofahingepin(hinge)knuckleonesectionofthebarrel(hinge)leafthepartofahingethatattachestosomethinghingemountingpositionsandstylesagraphiconhinges(hinge)pinelongatedcylinderthatisthecenterofrotationofahingehingewidthfullwidthofahingeincludeingbothleaves[seehingedimensions]liftinghingesameascamlifthingeHLhingespecialtyshapebutthinge,similartoHhingehospitaltiphingebarrelendsbeveledsonothingcanbehungonthebarrelindustrialhingeaheavydutyarchitecturalhingeknucklelengththedimensionofaknuckleparalleltothepin[seehingedimensions]leafwidthdimensionofleafperpendiculartothepin[seehingedimensions]liftoffhingeallowsthehingedpaneltobeliftedoffloosepinhingeanyhingewhichhasaloose(floating)pinsothattheknucklescanbeseparatedmortisedhingeanyhingethathasbothleavessittinginmortisesnomortisehingecouldrefertoanysurfacemountedhingebutusuallymeansabifolddoorhingeoliveknucklehingeHhingewithjusttwoacornshapedknucklesoverlayhingepaintclearancespacingthatavoidshavingaleafscrapepaintoffofanopposingknuckle[seehingedimensions]parlimenthingeabutthingewiththetopandbottomscollopedoutforadecorativelookpartiallyconcealedhingeanyhingethatispartiallyhiddenwhenclosedpartialwraparoundhingelikeafullwraparoundhingebutonlyoneleafwrapspaumellehingesimilartoanoliveknucklehingebutwithveryelongated"olives"pianohingelongcontinuousstrippinseehingepinpinhingea"hinge"thatisnothingbutasinglepinpintleandgudgeondesignedforshipruddersbuthasotherusespitchdistancefromapointonaknuckletothesamepointonthenextknuckleup[seehingedimensions]pivotdoorhingeletsyouopenacabinetdoor90degreesandthenslideitbackintothecabinetpivotdoorslidecanmeaneitherpivotdoorhinge,orjusttheslidingpartthereofpivotdoorrunnertherunner/slideportionofapivotdoorhingepivothinge(1)onetypeofscissorhingepivothinge(2)hasprotrudingpinspointingstraightupandstraightdownplainbearinghingeahingewithnoballbearingsoroilimpregnatedorantifrictionbearingsprojectionhingedesignedtoavoidprojectionsquadranthingespecialtyhiddenhingeforjewleryboxesandsuchrackandpinionpivotdoorhingeaparticulartypeofpivotdoorhingeraisedbarrelhingethebarrelisbentofftoonesideofapplicationswhereadoorissetbackintheframe(relativetotheopeningdirection)removablehingeremovablewithnoscrewdriver(seeliftoffhingeandcliponhinge)residentialhingealightdutyarchitecturalhingerisingandfallingbutthingesameascamlifthingerisingbutthingesameascamlifthingesaloondoorhingesameasdoubleactingspringhingescissorhingehashorizontalleavesthatfitintothetopbottomofadoorinsteadoftheback,rearedge,orfacesecurityhingehaspinsthatpreventopeningadooronthehingesideselfcenteringbitdrillbitusedforhingemountingholesselfclosinghingeAnytypeofhingethatclosesautomatically(seecamliftandspringloaded)semiconcealedhingesameaspartiallyconcealedhingesewingmachinghingesameasbutlertrayhingeshowerdoorhingesameaspivothingesideplaymovementofaleafperpendiculartothepin[seehingedimensions]singlecrankedhingecrankedhingewithadogleginonlyoneleaf,notbothsingledemountablehingespeciallymadeforcabinetdoorinstallationssinglemortisehingeahingethathasonlyoneleaf(normallytheframeleaf)sittinginamortise
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_QR.htm#raisedbarrelhingeslipjointhingesameasliftoffhingeSOSShingesimilartobarrelhingebutlargermountingsectionsspringedhingesameasspringloadedhingespringloadedhingeanytypeofhingethatusesaspringtomakethehingeselfclosingspringpivothingepivothingewithaspringmechanismonthepininthefloortoclosethedoorstormproofhingesameas"crankedhinge",butmostoftenmeans"doublecrankedhinge"straphingemostlyforheavydutyuse(gatesandheavydoors)surfacemountedhingedoesnotuseanymortisesswingclearhingesameasdoublecrankedhingeThingelikeastraphingebutwithoneshortleafteehingesameasThingetwoleafhingehas2separatemeaningsseefulldefinitiontwowayhingereferstobothdoubleactionspringhingesandfoldingscreenhingesweldonhingesameasbarrelhingetype#3wideswinghingeonewideleafandanoffsetbarreltogivefulldoorframeclearancewidethrowhingesameaswideswinghingewindowhingewinganothernameforleaf(IbeliefthistermismostlyusedinGreatBritain,nottheUSA)wraparoundhingeprovidesextrastrengthfora180degreeopeningseefullwraparoundhingeandpartialwraparoundhingezeroclearancehingeavoidsobstuctingpulloutdrawerszeroprotrusionhingesameaszeroclearancehinge
hingebarrelTheportionofthe(hinge)leavesthatcontainsthe(hinge)knucklesthatacceptthe(hinge)pin.Whentalkingaboutthisiteminrelationtohinges,itisnevercalledthe"hingebarrel",itisjustcalledthe"barrel".Foranillustration,seehingeparts.
hingecuppartofaEuropeanhinge
hingedimensionsThegraphicbelowdescribesthevariousdimensionsthatapplyto"standard"hingessuchasthebutthinge(butnottosomeothertypessuchastheEuropeanhinge).
needtoaddhingedimensionspics
hingefinialAfinialthatisputonthetoporbottomofahingepintogivethehingeamoredecorativeappearance.Examples:
needtoaddhingefinialpics
hingehandednessadddefinition
hingeknuckleThepartsofahingethatmakeupthe(hinge)barrelthroughwhichthe(hinge)pingoes.Foranillustrations,seehingepartsandhingedimensions.
hingeleaftheflatpartofahingethatattachestoaframeortheobjectbeinghinged.Whentalkingaboutthisiteminrelationtohinges,itisnevercalledthe"hingeleaf",itisjustcalledthe"leaf",althoughsometimestheonethatattachestoadooriscalledthe"doorleaf"andtheonethatattachestoaframeiscalledthe"frameleaf".Foranillustration,seehingeparts.
hingelengthThelengthoftheleavesofahingeparalleltothepin.Seehingedimensions.
hingemountingpositionsandstylesAgraphicshowingvariouswaysthathingescanbemountedontheedgeandfaceofadoororframe,withandwithoutmortises.
http://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_F.htm#finialhttp://www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_g_B.htm#butthinge