¸HMO Compact Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manualsloyka/elg3175/Extracts from HMO722.manual.pdf · ¸HMO Compact Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual Test & Measurement User

¸HMO Compact SeriesDigital OscilloscopeUser Manual

Test

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Use

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03

*5800442802*5800442802

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Content

Content1 Installation and safety

instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.1 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41.2 Unpacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41.3 Setting up the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41.4 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41.5 Intended Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41.6 Ambient conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51.7 Warranty and repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51.8 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51.9 Measurement categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51.10 Mains voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61.11 Batteries and rechargeable batteries / cells . . . . . .61.12 Product Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1 Front view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72.2 Control panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72.3 Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82.4 General concept of instrument operation . . . . . . . . .82.5 Basic settings and integrated help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92.6 Updates to Instrument Firmware, Language

and Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102.7 Options / Voucher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102.8 Self Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.9 Back Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123 Quick Start Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.1 Setting up and turning the instrument on . . . . . . . .133.2 Connection of a probe and signal capture . . . . . . . .133.3 Display of signal details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133.4 Cursor Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143.5 Automatic Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143.6 Mathematical functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153.7 Storing data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154 Vertical system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174.1 Coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174.2 Sensitivity, Y-Positioning, and Offset . . . . . . . . . . . .174.3 Bandwidth Limit and Signal Inversion . . . . . . . . . . .174.4 Probe Attenuation and Unit Selection

(Volt/Ampere) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184.5 Threshold Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184.6 Name a channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185 Horizontal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195.1 Acquisition modes RUN and STOP . . . . . . . . . . . . .195.2 Time base setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195.3 Acquisition modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195.4 Interlace Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225.5 ZOOM function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225.6 Navigation Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225.7 Marker Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235.8 Search Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236 Trigger System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246.1 Trigger modes Auto, Normal, Single . . . . . . . . . . . .246.2 Trigger sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246.3 Trigger type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

7 Signal Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287.1 Display Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287.2 Usage of the Virtual Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287.3 Signal intensity and persistence functions . . . . . . .297.4 XY display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.1 Cursor Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308.2 Automatic Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349.1 Mathematical Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349.2 Frequency Analysis (FFT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .379.3 Quick View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389.4 PASS/FAIL Test Based on Masks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389.5 Component test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3910 Documentation, Storage and Recall . . . . . . . 4110.1 Device settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4110.2 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4110.3 Traces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4210.4 Screenshots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4310.4.1 Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4310.5 Formula Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4410.6 FILE/PRINTKeyDefinition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4411 Mixed-Signal Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4511.1 Logic Trigger for Digital Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4511.2 Display Functions for the Logic Channels . . . . . . . .4511.3 Display of Logic Channels as BUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4511.4 Cursor Measurements for Logic Channels . . . . . . .4611.5 Automatic Measurements for Logic Channels . . . .4612 Serial Bus Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4712.1 Software options (license key) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4712.2 SerialBusConfiguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4712.3 Parallel / Parallel Clocked BUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4912.4 I2C BUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4912.5 SPI / SSPI BUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5112.6 UART/RS-232 BUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5212.7 CAN BUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5412.8 LIN BUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5513 Remote control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5713.1 RS-232 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5713.2 USB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5713.3 Ethernet (Option HO730 / HO732) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5713.4 IEEE 488.2 / GPIB (Option HO740): . . . . . . . . . . . . .5914 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6015 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6315.1 Listoffigures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6315.2 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

7

Introduction

2 Introduction2.1 Front view Ontheinstrumentfrontsideyoucanfindthepowerkey1 , in order to switch on the instrument or enter stand by

mode. If the instrument is in stand by mode, this key light up red. If the instrument is switched off using the main po-wer switch on the backside, the red light will also switch off(thiswilltakesomeseconds).Furthermoreyoufindonthe front panel the control panel 2 , A , B , C , D , the BNC connectors of the analog inputs 45 to 48 , the probe adjust-ment output 51 , the bus signal source 50 ,the connectors for the optional logic probe ¸HO3508 53 , a USB port for USB sticks 54 , the TFT screen 55 , the inputs for the com-ponent tester 52 and the LED 49 for showing activity on the remoteinterface.OntwochannelversionsyoucanfindtheAUX connector for external trigger at the right side.

2.2 Control panel The controls in the front panel allow access to all ba-sic functions while advanced settings are easily acces-sible through the menu structure and gray soft menu keys. The power button 1 is clearly set apart by its design. The mostsignificantcontrolsfeaturecoloredLEDs,indicatingthe current setting. The control panel is divided into four sections.

Use the connectors for the active logic probes 53 exclusively for the logic probes of type ¸HO3508. Connecting other types may demolish the input.

Section A

This section includes the CURSOR/MENU, ANALYZE andGENERAL sections.

The CURSOR/MENU section includes cursor functions 8 , universal knob 4 , Intens/Persist control switch 7 , the op-tion to select the virtual screen 6 , the key for switching betweenfineandcoarseresolutionoftheuniversal knob 3 and the key for the selection of virtual screen 5 . The

ANALYZE section allows users to directly access the FFT displays 9 , the QUICK VIEW display 10 (all important pa-rameters of the actual signal display), the PASS/FAIL mask test and the AUTO MEASURE settings 11 . The GENERAL section includes the Save/Recall key 12 . With this option, you can control the settings to load and save instrument settings, reference signals, traces and screenshots. Addi-tional keys enable the user to access general settings 13 such as language, DISPLAY 14 , AUTOSET 15 as well as in-tegrated HELP 16 and FILE/PRINT 17 . Depending on how it is programmed, FILE/PRINT enables you to directly save instrument settings, traces or screenshots.

3

A

5

15 16

8 11 14

9 106 7 12 134

17

Fig. 2.2:

Control

panel of

section A.

Fig. 2.1: Frontview of the ¸HMO2024

49

1

48 47 46 45525354

255 A

B C D51 50

8

Introduction

Section BThe VERTICAL section fea-tures all controls for analog channels, such as the position control knob 18 , the XY and component test mode 19 , the vertical gain adjustment knob 20 , the advanced menu op-tions key 21 , the channel se-lect keys 22 to 25 , (the two-channel versions have only 22 23 ) and the selection key for the optional logic probes 24 (25 ). You can also access the MATH key 26 , the reference signal settings and bus signal settings key 27 .

Section CThe TRIGGER section inclu-des all options to set the trig-ger level 28 , to switch bet-ween Auto and Normal mode 29 , to set the trigger type 31 , the source 32 , the single trig-ger 33 , to switch the trigger slope 35 and to set the trigger signalfilters 36 . Additionally, youcanfindstatusindicators,and you can see if a signal ful-fillsthetrigger conditions 30 and which slope is used 34 .

Section DIn the HORIZONTAL sec-tion, users can shift the trig-ger position horizontally or set and navigate markers manu-ally, either step-by-step with the keys 37 38 39 or alterna-tively by using the smaller one of the knobs 41 . In the menu, you can also set search crite-ria for events. The illuminated key 39 allows the selection of

the Run and Stop mode. When the stop mode is selected, the key will light up in red. 40 activates the zoom option, 44 selects the acquisition modes, 43 adjusts the time base speed and 42 enables access to the time base menus. To theleftofthecontrolpanel,youalsofindthesoftmenukeys 2 to control the menu options.

2.3 ScreenThe R&S®HMO Compact series is equipped with a 6.5” (16.51 cm) TFT color monitor with LED backlight and VGA resolution (640x480 pixels). In the default setting (no me-nus shown), the screen includes 12 scale divisions on the time axis. If menus are shown, this will be reduced to 10

Fig. 2.3: Control panel of

section B, C and D

28

C

29

30

33

31

34

35

3632

37D

38

37

41

39

42

43

4440

18

B

19

20

22

23

24

21

25

26

27

divisions. Small arrows on the left of the display [1] indicate the reference potentials of the channels. The line above the graticule includes status and settings information such as time base, trigger delay and other trigger conditions, the current sampling rate and the acquisition mode. [2]. The short menu to the right of the graticule contains the most important settings of the currently active channel. You may select these settings using the soft menu keys.[3].

Measurement results for automated measurements and cursors, settings for the activated vertical channels, re-ference signals and mathematically derived curves are shown in the lower section of the screen [4]. Within the graticule, signals of the selected channels are displayed. By default, 8 scale divisions are shown. This can be exten-ded virtually to 20 divisions which can be displayed using the Scroll/Bar 5 key.

2.4 General concept of instrument operationThe general operating concept is based on a few key prin-cipals, recurring with various settings and functions:

❙ Keys that do not open a soft menu (e.g. SCROLL BAR) activateaspecificfunction;pressingthiskeyasecondtime will deactivate this function.

❙ Keys that open a soft menu when pressed once will close the soft menu when pressed a second time.

❙ Depending on the requirements, the universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU section is designed to either select a numeric value or to navigate through submenus.

❙ The MENU OFF key below the soft menu keys closes the current menu or switches to the next higher level.

❙ Pressing the appropriate key will activate a deactivated channel. If a channel was already activated, selecting another channel will change operation to the channel whose key was pressed (its LED lights up).

❙ If cursor measurements are activated, the COARSE/FINE key will select the cursor with the activated universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU section. This key is used to selectorconfirminputinallmenusforalphanumericalinputandforthefilemanager.

Fig. 2.4: Screen view

9

Introduction

Fig. 2.7 shows, there are two basic soft menu parts. You can select the respective element by pressing the corre-sponding soft menu key, and the element will be marked in blue. Alternatively, you can press the soft menu key to toggle between function options. The menus are used as shown in Fig. 2.8. For functions that need to be activated and require value selections, you may toggle between OFF and the set value (e.g. DC OFFSET function). The round ar-row in the menu window indicates that the value is to be set by means of the universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU control panel. If the respective function includes an additi-onal menu level, it will be indicated by a small triangle on the bottom right of a menu item. If additional menu pages are available, you can navigate these on the same level by using the last menu item. It includes the number of menu pages on this level as well as the current page number. You can advance to the next page by pressing the approp-riate soft menu key. Once the last page was listed, the dis-playwillloopbacktothefirstpage.

2.5 Basic settings and integrated helpYou can access important basic settings such as language for user interface and help, general settings and interface settings in the menu that opens when you press the SE-TUPkeyintheGENERALsection.Onthefirstpageofthe

Fig. 2.5: Selection of basic soft

menu elements

Fig. 2.6: Basic soft menu elements

for settings and navigation

menu for the basic settings you can select the language for user interface and help. The menu item INTERFACE ac-tivatesthemenustoperformtheinterfaceconfiguration(USB or Ethernet). The menu item PRINTER includes set-tings for POSTSCRIPT and PCL compatible printers. When pushing this soft menu key, a submenu opens allowing the user to select the paper format and color mode. Using the assigned soft menu key, the top menu item PAPER FOR-MAT allows you to choose from A4, A5, B5, B6, Execu-tive, Letter and Legal in either portrait or landscape for-mat. Use the universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU section to select the appropriate format. Following the same se-tup procedure, the menu item COLOR MODE allows you to choose between Grayscale, Color and Inverted. The Gray-scale mode converts the color image to a grayscale image which can be printed on a black-and-white postscript prin-ter. The Color mode prints the image in color as shown on the screen (black background). The INVERTED mode prints the color image with a white background on a color printer thus saving toner and ink.

The menu item DEVICE INFORMATION opens a window with detailed information on hardware and software of the measuring instrument. The soft menu key DEVICE NAME allowsyoutodefineanamewithupto19characterswhichwill be listed when screenshots are printed. The soft menu MENU allows you to select whether soft menus are to be closed manually or automatically after 4-30s. Use the soft menu key LOGO IN SCREENSHOT to determine whether the R&S logo displays on the top right corner of printouts or not. The soft menu UPDATE for the instrument and help up-date and LICENCES to upgrade software options will be de-scribed in detail in the following chapters. The soft menu DATE & TIME is used to set the date and time. The soft menu SOUND is used to set the sound options. You can ac-tivate a sound as beeping during setup, in the event of an error and for the triggers. The integrated help can be acti-vated by pushing the HELP key in the GENERAL section. This opens a window with explanatory text. The text in the

When using the INVERTED mode, you should set the intensity of the signals to about 70% to allow a high contrast print.

Tab. 2.1: Differences HMO Compact series

Differences within the HMO Compact series 72x...202x

Unit Channels Bandwidth Vertical Settings at 1MOhm Input Impedance Offset Range

¸HMO722 2 70MHz 1 mV. to 10V/Div 1 MOhm -




¸HMO1522 2 150MHz 1 mV to 5 V/Div 1 MOhm / 50 Ohm ±0.2 to ±20 V




For the complete and latest technical data of each oscilloscope of the HMO series please refer to www.rohde-schwarz.com

14

A quick introduction

3 A quick intro-duction

The following chapter is intended to introduce you to the most important functions and settings of your new oscillo-scope in order to allow you to use the instrument immedia-tely. The internal calibrator signal output is used as the sig-nal source,soyouwillnotneedanyadditionalinstrumentsforthefirststeps.

3 .1 Setting up and turning the instrument onFold out the feets completly so the display will be inclined slightly upwards. (See chapter 1.2 for positioning) Plug the power cord into the rear panel connector. The instrument will be turned on by switching on the main power switch on the back and pushing the key On/Off 1 on the front pa-nel.Afterafewsecondsthedisplayappears,andtheos-cilloscope is ready for measurements. Now press the key AUTOSET 15 for at least 3 seconds.

3 .2 Connection of a probe and signal capture

Takeoneoftheprobesdeliveredwiththeinstrument,de-tach the protective cap from the top. Apply the compen-sation box to the BNC connector of channel 1 and turn the black knob CW until it latches positively.

On the right hand side of the screen you will see a short menuofchannel1,thesoftkeysallowyoutoselectfre-quently used settings. Press the top soft key once to change the input coupling to DC.

Now press the key AUTOSET 15 onceshortly,afterafewseconds the oscilloscope will have automatically selected

Passive probes be compensated prior to first use. Please refer to the probe manual for the proper compensation procedure. Place the probe in the appropriate position on the ADJ. output such that the tip will be accepted by the hole of the right output while the ground connection is made to the left output, as shown in Fig. 4.3 in chapter 4.

Active settings are marked in blue!

appropriatevertical,horizontaltime base and trigger set-tings.Youwillseenowasquare wave signal.

3 .3 Display of signal detailsWith the knob 43 you can change the displayed time win-dow: turning it CCW will slow the time base. The memory depth of 1 MB per channel allows you to capture wide time windows with high resolution. Continue to turn the knob CCW until you read „TB:5ms“ in the top left corner. Now press the ZOOM key 40 .

Fig. 3.2: Screen display after connection of the probe

Fig. 3.4: Screen display after Autosetup

Fig. 3.3: Screen display after changing to DC coupling

3

A

5

15 16

8 11 14

9 106 7 12 134

17

Fig. 3.1:

Control

panel A of

the HMO

15


Youroscilloscopeoffersthesepossibilities: ❙ thedefinitionofthedisplayof6parameterswhichmaycome from different sources

❙ a quick view of all important parameters of one source using the Quick View function.

Please change the time base to 100 µs per scale division and press the QUICKVIEW 10 key.Youwillseethefollow-ing display:

The following list features the most important parameters of a signal: ❙ positiveandnegativepeakvoltages, ❙ riseandfalltimes, ❙ mean voltage.

10 additional parameters are shown below the grid: ❙ RMS, peak-peakvoltage, ❙ frequency, period, ❙ amplitude, numberofrisingedges, ❙ pos. pulsewidth, neg. pulsewidth, ❙ pos. dutycycle, neg. duty cycle.

Thus by simply pressing a key you see 14 parameters at a glancewhichcharacterizethesignal.Thisfunctionappliesalways to the acutal active channel.

Fig. 3.8: Quick View parameter measurement

Youseenowatwo-windowdisplay: the display will show in the top area the complete capturedsignal,belowanen-larged portion. Use the time base knob to select the zoomfactor and the small knob for horizontalpositioning.

By pressing the ZOOM key 40 again the zoommodebewillbe deactivated.

Fig. 3.6: ZOOM function

3 .4 Cursor measurementsAfter displaying the signal and its details we now proceed to measuring it using the cursor functions. Press again shortly AUTOSET 15 and then the CURSOR/MEASURE key 8 .Nowthecursormenuwillopenup,andyoucanse-

lect the kind of cursor. Press the top soft key in order to open the appropriate menu. Use the knob in the CURSOR/MENUareafortheselectionbyturningitCCWuntiltheV-markerisunderlined,presstheuniversalbuttonorwaitforsome seconds in order to accept the selection. Now two cursorswillbedisplayedalongwiththesignal,andthemeasurement results in the bottom area of the grid. Select the active cursor by pushing the universal knob and posi-tion it by turning the knob.

The cursor measurement results will be displayed at the bottom of the grid.InthiscasetheV-markerhasselec-tedthevoltagesatthetwocursorpositions,theirdiffe-rence,andthetimedifferencebetweenthepositionswillbe shown. The cursors will be switched off by pressing the CURSOR/MEASURE key and the associated Cursors off soft key.

3 .5 Automatic measurementsIn addition to cursor measurements the most important signal parameters can be displayed.

Fig. 3.7: Cursor measurements

Fig. 3.5: Area of the control panel

containing the ZOOM knob

37D

38

37

41

39

42

43

4440

16


Youmayalsodisplayuptosixparametersofdifferentsig-nals. In order to achieve this deactivate the Quick View functionbypressingthekeyagain,thenactivatechannel2 by pressing the CH2 key. Open the following menu by pressing AUTOMEASURE 11 :

Press the softmenu key beside MEAS. PLACE and choose the number you want using the universalknob.Youmaydefinetheparametermeasurementusingthismenu.Af-ter switching on the MEASUREMENTS with the appropri-ate softkey’s the parameter measurements are displayed below the grid.IfyoupressthesoftkeybesideTYPEyoucan choose the parameter you want from the list using the general knob. This procedure is used in all menus where choicesareavailable.PleasepressthekeyTYPEandchoose rise time.

Choose MEAS. PLACE 1 and use „mean“ and source CH1. Afterwards choose MEAS. PLACE 2 and „rms“ from CH2. On page 2 of this menu you can switch on a complete sta-

tisticofthesemeasurements,containingtheactualvalue,thesmallest,thelargest,themean,thestandard deviation and the number of used measurements for that statistic.Afterthemenuhasbeenclosed,theparameterscanbeidentifiedbythecoloursoftherespectivechannels,(hereyellow for channel 1 and blue for channel 2.)

Fig. 3.9: Auto Measure menu

3 .6 Mathematical functions In addition to cursor and automaticmeasurements,yourHMO can also apply mathematical operations to the sig-nals. Pressing the MATH 26 key and the QM resp. the MENU key in the VERTICAL section opens a quick math

menu(QM)enablingyoutoapplyaddition,subtraction,multiplication or division to two analog channels. This also displays the mathematical graph. The top soft menu key allowsyoutoselectthefirstoperand.Withthekeybelow,you can select the operator (in quick mathematics you can choosebetweenaddition,subtraction,multiplicationordi-vision). The soft menu key below that allows you to select the second operand. Only activated and displayed chan-nels are available for the operands. Press the bottom soft menukeyFORMULARY.Thisopenstheformula editor to selectanddefine5potentialsetsofformulaswithupto5mathematical functions each.

Tochangethesettings,usethesoftmenukeysandtheuniversal knob 4 .Hereyoucandefineandstorethemostfrequently used formulas. After selecting the desired for-mulaandpressingthesoftmenukeyEDIT,youcaneditindividual formula functions. Once a mathematical func-tionhasbeendefinedandactivatedbypressingthesoftmenukeyVISIBLE(ON),theshortmenuforthemathema-

Fig. 3.12: Formula editor

Fig. 3.10: Selection of parameters

Fig. 3.11: Measuring the parameters of two sources

17


tical functions will display this function. The graph will be marked in the short menu by a red dot. The sources selec-ted in the function must be activated so that the mathema-tical graph can be calculated and the result signals can be displayed.

3 .7 Storing dataYourHMOcanstore5differentkindsofdata: ❙ Instrument settings ❙ Reference signals ❙ Signals (up to 24000 points) ❙ Screen displays ❙ Sets of formulae

Signals and screen displays can only be stored on USB sticks. All other data can be stored either on a USB stick orintheinstrument’snon-volatilememories.Inordertostoredatayouhavetodefinethekindofdataandthede-stination. First attach a USB stick to the front panel con-nector. Press SAVE/RECALL 12 in order to call the respec-tive menu. Select the kind of data by pressing the respec-tive soft key (in this example Screenshots) in order to ac-cess the settings menu.

Please verify that the USB connector into which you plugged the USB stick (front or rear) is written in the top

Fig. 3.13: Save/Recall menu

softmenue(Youcanchangethedestinationbyopeningthe respective menu if you press the softkey next to STO-RAGE).Youcannowsaveascreenshot if you press the softkeynexttoSAVEusingthepredefinednamewrittenin the menu below FILENAME.Youmaynamethedesti-nation memory with up to 8 characters; in order to do this selectthemenuitemFilenameanddefinethenamebyusing the universal knob (selecting a character by turn the knob and enter by pushing the knob .

After the soft key next to ACCEPT was pressed the oscillo-scope will have stored the name and return to the settings menu. Here you can now store the actual screen display bypressingtheStoresoftkey.Alternatively,youcanreturnto a lower menu level (by pressing the lowest Menu OFF key) and select the menu item key FILE/PRINT. In the fol-lowing menu press the soft menu key next to Screenshots: this will assign the function screenshot to the key FILE/PRINT with the settings chosen. This enables you to store abitmapfileonyourUSB stick by just pressing FILE/PRINT 17 at any time and in any menu.

Fig.3.15:Definingafilename

Fig. 3.14: Menu Screenshots

18

Vertical system

4 Vertical systemFor the vertical settings there are the knobs for the vertical position and the sensitivity,analways visible short menu and an extended menu.

By pushing the respective key the channel will be selected for which these controls will beactivated,thiswillbeindi-cated by the key lighting up in the color of the channel. Ad-ditionally,thechannelnumberon the screen will be framed and displayed lighter than the channels not activated. The appropriateshortmenuisalwaysvisible,theextendedmenu will be shown upon pushing the key MENU 21 .

4 .1 CouplingThefirstitemtobeselectedistheinputimpedance:1MΩor50Ω.(onlyattheHMO152xandHMO202x,theHMO72xand102xdoesnotoffer50Ωinputs).

The50Ωinputimpedanceshouldonlybeselectedifthesignal sourceis50Ω,suchasageneratorwitha50Ωoutput where the termination within the scope is to be used.Inallothercases1MΩistobeselected.NextDCor AC coupling has to be selected: with DC coupling all componentsofthesignalwillbedisplayed,withAC couplingtheDCcontentwillberemoved,thelowerbandwidthis2Hz.Upto200Vrms may be applied directly totheverticalinputsif1MΩisselected.Highervoltages

Fig. 4.2: Short menu for the vertical settings

Do not connect the 50 Ω inputs to effective voltage higher than 5 volts!

Fig. 4.1: Front panel area with

vertical system controls

18

B

19

20

22

23

24

21

25

26

27

can be measured with probes (up to 40 kVp). For general applications the probes supplied with the instrument will beused.Theyarespecifiedforthe1MΩinput.WiththeHMO72xandHMO102xaretheHZ154delivered,whichoffer a 10:1 / 1:1 switchable attenuation. Therefore the attenuation setting must be done manually in the channel menu. The HMO152x and HMO202x are delivered with the HZO10 a 10:1 probe with automatic attenuation read out,whichwillbereadfromtheprobeandfactoredin.

HMO2524250 MHz / 2,5 GSa / 4 MB DIGITAL OSCILLOSCOPE

LEVEL

VERTICAL HORIZONTALTRIGGER

CURSOR/MENU ANALYZE GENERAL

TRIG’d SLOPE

USB STICK LOGIC CHANNELS REM CH 1 CH 2 CH 3 CH 4

1MΩ II 13pFmax.

200 Vp

1MΩ II 13pFmax.

200 Vp

VOLTS/DIV TIME/DIV

POSITION POSITION

SELECT WINDOWCOARSE/FINE

POD 2 (15..8) POD 1 (7..0)

Use recommended probes only!! !

50Ω ≤5V RMS

MEM

OR

Y

Made in Germany CAT I!

ADJ.

Bus SignalSource

S1 S2 S3

PASS/FAIL

62-K304-1190 -1.0

MENU

CURSORSELECT

CURSORMODE

AUTOMEASURE

SCROLLBAR

CURSORMEASURE

FFT

QUICKVIEW

DISPLAY

AUTOSET

CH1

CH2

CH3POD1

AUTONORM

X Y MENU

TYPE

SOURCE FILTER

SLOPE

ACQUIRE

SINGLE RUNSTOP

SETCLR

SETUP HELP

SAVERECALL

INTENSPERSIST

REFBUS

FILEPRINT

CH4POD2

MATH

Fig. 4.3: Correct

connection of the

probe to the probe

adjust output

The coupling is selected in the short menu: by just pushing the appropriate key the couplingischosen,alsothesignalmay be inverted. The menu is valid for the activated chan-nel as indicated by the channel key light up. The channel number will be shown in the top of the menu. By pushing the respective key of another channel the menu will trans-fer to this channel.

4 .2 Sensitivity, Y-Positioning, and OffsetThe sensitivity of the analog inputs can be selected with the large knob in the VERTICAL section of the front pa-nelin1-2-5stepsfrom1mV/divtotherespectivemaxi-malsettingindependentofthe50Ω(onlyavailableattheHMO152xandHMO202x)or1MΩselection.Theknobis

The passive probes must be adjusted to the inputs to which they are connected. See the probe manual for the adjustment procedure.

The PROBE ADJUST output of the HMO oscilloscope is only sui-table for 1:1 and 1:10 probes. 100:1 or 1000:1 probes require spe-cial generators! Use the shortest possible ground connection to the PROBE ADJUST output as shown in Fig. 4.3.

Fig. 4.4: Vertical offset in the extended menu

19

Vertical system

associated with the channel selected by pushing the re-spective key. The sensitivity can be changed to continuous control by pushing the knob once. The smaller one of the knobs is used for vertical positioning.

By pushing the MENU key the extended menu is called. On page 2 of this menu at the HMO152x and HMO202x a DC offset can be added to the signal. In order to switch this offset in the respective soft key must be pushed. The settingswindowwillbebacklitinblue,andtheactivityin-dicator next to the general knob will light up; the offset can now be adjusted with the knob. The offset voltage will be addedtothesignalattheverticalamplifierinputoffset-tingitbythatamountfromthezeroposition.Thepossi-ble amount of offset depends on the Volts/div setting cho-sen. The offset function being activated will be indicated bytwochannelmarkersontheleftofthedisplay,alsovisi-ble if the menu was closed. One marker indicates the posi-tion,theothertheoffset (refer to Fig. 4.4). The offset is in-dividually adjustable for each channel.

Each analog channel may also be shifted in time by ±15 ns. This adjustment is selected in the same menu and accor-ding to the same method as the DC offset; it is used for compensating for the different signal delays of voltage and current probes and different cable lengths.

4 .3 Bandwidth Limit and Signal InversionAnanalog20MHzlowpasscanbeinsertedinthesignalpath in either the short or extended menu. This will elimi-nate all higher frequencyinterference.Thefilterisactiva-ted in the short menu by pushing the respective soft key; theinformationfieldwillbebacklitinblue,BWwillbedis-played in the channel information window.

Signal inversion is available in the short and the extended menus.Ifitisactivatedtheinformationfieldwillbebacklitinblue,andtherewillbeabarabovethechannelnumber.

4 .4 Probe attenuation selectionTheHZO10oroptinalHZ355probesarerecognizedbytheinstrument which automatically selects the appropriate factor. If any other probe without automatic recognition of the attenuation ratio or just a cable is connected to the in-strument,theattenuation factor can be set manually in the extendedmenu.Thisispossibleforx1,x10,x100x1000orasdefinedbytheuserfromx0.001tox1000.

In addition you can select the unit AMPERE in case you are using a current probe or measure current via a shunt. If you select A the menu shows the most common factors (1V/A,100mV/A,10mV/A,1mV/A).Againyoucanalsose-lectanyvaluebetweendefinedbytheuser.Doingsothemeasurements are always displayed with the correct unit and scale.

4 .5 Level SettingInthismenualevelcanbeset.Thisleveldefinethethreshold for detecting a HIGH or a LOW if the analog channel are used as source for the serial bus analysis or lo-gictrigger.Afterchoosingthesoftmenu,thelevelcanbeset by turning the universal knob.

4 .6 Name a channelThe last entry of the channel menu open a submenu in or-der to allocate a name for a channel. This name will be shown at the display and at a print out. First of all you can switch on or off the display of the name. Below that soft-menubuttonyoufindthesoftbuttonLIBRARY.Afterse-lecting this button you can choose a name from seve-ral different suggestions using the universal knob. After pushingNAMEyoucaneditthepre-choosennameoren-ter a complete new name using up to 8 characters. This will be done by selecting the character from the virtual keypad using turning the universal knob and selecting by pushing the knob. Pushing the ACCEPT button switch on the name display on the right side of the grid. The name is fixedtothechannelandwillmoveoverthescreenwhene-ver the channel will be moved.

Fig. 4.5: Threshold setting and name allocation

Fig. 4.6: Name selection

20

Horizontal System (Time Base)

to+5divisions,0isthemiddleofthescreenandthestan-dard setting).

5 .3 Capture modesThe capture modes are selected by pushing the key AC-QUIRE,thisopensadisplaymenuwhichoffersthebasicmodes of capture:

5 .3 .1 RefreshIn this mode the signals are captured and displayed.

5 .3 .2 RollThis acquisitionmodeisintendedspecificallyforveryslowsignals,withtheuntriggeredsignal„rolling“acrossthe screen from right to left (requires signals slower than 200kHz).TheHMOusesaringbuffertostorethesignalvalues in rollmode.Simplyput,theinstrumentwritesthefirstdivisiontothefirststoragespace,theseconddivisiontothesecondstoragespace,etc.Oncethestorageisfull,theinstrumentoverwritesthefirststoragespacewiththedata of the most recent measurement value. This creates a „ring“orcyclerun,similartoaticker.

5 .3 .3: ENVELOPEInthismode,thedisplayincludesthenormalcaptureofeach signal and the maximum as well as the minimum va-luesofeachcapture.Overtime,thiscreatesanenvelopesurrounding the signal.

5 .3 .4: AVERAGEInthismode,youcanusetheuniversal knob in the Cursor/Menu section of the control panel to set the number of sig-nalperiodsforaveraging,availableinpowersof2from2to 1024 (requires repetitive signals).

5 .3 .5: FILTERInthismode,youcanactivatealowpassfilterwithad-justable cut off frequency to suppress unwanted high fre-quency interferences. The cut off frequency can be set based on the sampling frequency. The minimum setting is 1/100 of the sampling frequency and the maximum value is 1/4 of the samplingrate.Youcanselectthissettingwiththe universal knob.

The second menu page is accessed by pushing the soft keynexttothemenu„Page1I2“,here,extendedfunc-tions are available:

5 .3 .6 Peak DetectThis mode is used for very large time base settings to de-tectevenshortsignalchanges.Youcanalsodeactivatethis function within the menu or you can select the auto-matic switching mode. The following conditions must be met to activate the PEAK DETECT mode: ❙ Function HIGH RESOLUTION is deactivated ❙ None of the serial or parallel buses are active

The ZOOM feature is not available in the roll mode (also refer to Chap. 5.5 ZOOM Function)

5 Horizontal Sys-tem (Time Base)

As well as timebasesettings,thehorizontalsystemcompri-ses the selection of the trig-gerposition,thezoomfunc-tions and the available modes ofsignalcapture,thecontrolfor the marker function and the search fcuntions.

The knobs are used for the adjustment of the time base speed and the trigger posi-tion. The signal capture mo-des are selected in the respec-tive menus. There is a key pro-vided for activating the zoomfunction.

5 .1 Capturing modes RUN and STOPThe capturing modes can be selected with the key RUN/STOP. In RUN mode signals will be continuously captu-red; depending on the triggerconditionsselected,anddis-played,erasingthepreviouslycapturedones.Ifitisdesi-redtostoreandfurtheranalyzeasignalandtopreventitbeingoverwritten,capturemustbestoppedbypushingthe RUN/STOP key. While in STOP mode capture is disab-led and the key will light up red.

5 .2 Time base adjustmentsThelargeknobintheHorizontalsectionofthecontrolpa-nel is used for the selection of the time base speed. The time base speed is displayed in the upper left hand corner above the graticule. (e.g. „TB:500 ns“) To the right there is the display of the trigger time position with respect to the normal position. The normal trigger position is in the cen-ter of the graticule such that 50 % of the signal display is before and 50 % is after this trigger position. The X Posi-tion knob allows continuous adjustment of the X position. The available maximum values depend on the time base setting. By pushing the key SET/CLR the value will be re-set to its reference position. The arrow keys 37 allow youtochangetheXpositionbyafixedamountof5divisi-ons in the respective direction. If marker or search function is chosen the arrow keys together with the SET/CLR but-ton are used to navigate through and set/clear marker. The key menu opens a menu which allows you to set the X po-sition to its minimum and maximum positions or chose the markerfunctionbyjustakeytouch.Inaddition,thereisasubmenu NUMER.INPUT which allows entry of an arbit-rary X position. Within this menu the search functions can be activated and set. In addition the time reference can besethere(positionforthetriggerpointintime,from-5

Fig. 5.1: Control panel of the

horizontalsystem

37D

38

37

41

39

42

43

4440

24

Horizontal System (Time Base)

themaximumvalue,forinstance.YoucanusethesoftmenukeyTIMEREFERENCEtodefinewhereinthesig-nalwindowtofindthetriggerpointvalue“0”.Thesignalisscaledbythisreferencepoint.Youcanusetheuniver-sal knob in the Cursor/ Menu section to select the desired setting.

5 .7 Marker FunctionMarkersallowyoutohighlightspecificpositionsonthescreen,e.g.arisingorfallingslope,anunexpectedsignalvalue or a search result. Markers can be used to identify specificsignalsectionstozoominonandtoanalyzethedata more closely.

Use the soft menu to activate the marker function. Press the MENU key in the HORIZONTAL section of the control panel to open the soft menu. Use the universal knob in the menutoselectMARKER.Oncethismodeisactivated,youcan press the SET/CLR key to set a time marker at the 6th time unit (the menu in the center of the grid must be deac-tivated). The time markers are marked by a vertical line in gray-blue.TheknobXPositionallowsyoutomovethesig-nal including the set marker. After identifying an important signal position and setting it to the center of the screen usingthepositionknob,youcansetanadditionalmarker.This procedure allows you to mark up to 8 interesting po-sitionswithinthesignal.Youcantogglebetweenmarkersby pressing the arrow keys 37 . These keys also allow you to center the markers in the middle of the screen. This feature enables you to quickly compare marked signal sec-tions in ZOOM mode.

Todeleteamarker,centeritinthemiddleofthescreenandpresstheSET/CLRkeyonceagain.Youcanalsodeleteall time markers simultaneously in the marker soft menu.

5 .8 Search Function The search function in the HMO series enables you to searchforallslopes,pulsewidths,peaksoradditionalevents in the detection mode that match the manually spe-cifiedsearchcriteria.Specificsettingsareavailableforeach search type. Searches can be performed on any ana-

Fig. 5.6: Marker in zoommode

log channel or mathematical signal. The searched time basesectioncanberestrictedbydefiningalevel.

Press the MENU key in the HORIZONTAL section of the control panel to activate the search function in the soft menu. Use the universal knob to select the menu item SEARCH.Oncethismodeisactivated,youcandefineevents,e.g.arisetimewithspecificattributes,suchas

25

Trigger System

Onceyouhaveselectedtheappropriatesearchtype,youcan choose the desired SOURCE (choose from any of the activated analog channels including mathematical chan-nels). Use the menu item SETUP to open a submenu where you can choose the settings for the selected search criterium(e.g.greaterthanaspecificpulse width). Some of the adjustable parameters may be dependent on the time base (for a timebaseof100μs/Divthesmallesttimeis2μs,for1μs/Divthecorrespondingtimevalueis20ns).Ifeventsmatchthesearchcriterium,theywillbehighligh-ted. The soft menu VIEW EVENT TABLE allows you to dis-play the search results in a table format. Use the arrow keys or the universal knob to navigate the events in STOP mode. The Select option allows you to center the selected event. When the zoomfunctionisactivated,theselectedevent will automatically be centered in the zoomwindow.

Fig. 5.7: Search mode with event list

6 Trigger SystemThe trigger system of the HMO is easy to handle by just observing the concept of inst-rument operation.There are 4 keys destined for frequently used functions: ❙ TYPE: selection of trigger typeEDGE(EDGEA/B),PULSE,LOGICandVIDEO

❙ SLOPE: type of slope ❙ SOURCE: determines the triggers source

❙ FILTER: determines the exact trigger conditions

Additional keys are provided fortheselectionofthetriggermodes:(AUTO.NORMAL,SINGLE).

6 .1 Trigger modes Auto, Normal, SingleThe basic trigger modes are directly selectable with the key AUTO NORM. In AUTO mode the key will not be lit. If the key is pushed it will light up red indicating NORMAL mode. The oscilloscope always presents a signal in AUTO mode and a signal will automatically yield a stable display ifitfulfillsthetrigger conditions.

InNORMALmodethesignalwillbedisplayedifitfulfillsthe triggerconditions,ifitfailstodosothelaststabletrig-gered display will remain on the screen.

Ifitisdesiredtorecordasignalwhichfulfillsthetrigger conditionsonlyonce,thekeySINGLEmustbepushed,it will light up white. This indicates that the single trigger modeisactive,theRUN/STOPkeywillblink.Thenextre-turnofthesignalwillcauseasinglecapture,theoscillo-scopethengoesintotheSTOPmode,indicatedbytheRUN/STOP key lighting up in red.

Fig. 6.1: Front panel control

area of the trigger system

28

C

29

30

33

31

34

35

3632

Fig. 6.2: Coupling modes with slope trigger

26

Trigger System

6 .2 Trigger sourcesTrigger sources are the 2 or 4 analog channels and the ex-ternal trigger input. If the optional logic probe HO3508 with8or16logicchannelsisconnected,alsothoseupto16 digital channels can serve as trigger sources. The soft menu key AC LINE enables you to trigger the trigger at system frequency. The trigger signal is extracted internally from the power supply.

6 .3 Slope triggerThe easiest and by far the most frequently used trigger is the slope trigger. The oscilloscope triggers if slopes that were set with the SLOPE key occur within the signal se-lected in the SOURCE menu. The signal slope has to pass through the set trigger level.

The trigger type Slope Trigger is selected in the Autosetup mode (AUTOSETkey).If,forinstance,youselectthepulse trigger and press the AUTOSET key the setting will switch toSlopeTrigger.TheTYPE 31 key in the trigger control panel allows you to set the trigger type. This opens a menu with corresponding options. If the SLOPE type is not ac-tive(highlightedinblue),youcanpresstherespectivesoftmenukeytoselectthistype.Theslopetype(rising,fallingor both) can be set directly with the SLOPE key 35 . This will shiftthesettingforwardbyone,i.e.fromrisingtofallingslope,tobothslopes,andpressingthekeyyetonemoretime will trigger another rising slope. The center of the sta-tus line on the top of the display and the display above the SLOPE key 35 show which slope type has been selected.

The FILTER 36 key allows you to select how to couple the signal for the trigger circuit:

❙ AUTO LEVEL: Automaticfiltersetting(defaultsetting). ❙ AC: The triggersignaliscoupledviahighpassfilterwithaminimumcut-offfrequencyof5HzwhichsuppressestheDC portion of the triggering signal. With a changing DC portion,thetrigger level remains at the set point in the AC signal. The trigger type AUTO (AUTO/NORM key) includes thePeak-PeakmodewhichsetslimitsforthetriggerintheAC signal. This setting means that the trigger condition will be met for any applied signal without having to set the

Fig.6.3:ThetypeB-Trigger

level. For the triggertypeNORM(AUTO/NORMkey),thePeak-Peakmodeisdeactivated,allowingthetrigger level to be moved past the peak values of the signal.

❙ DC: The trigger signal is coupled to the trigger circuit with all signal portions (AC and DC voltage). This has no impact on the triggering signal.

❙ HF: The triggersignalisroutedviaa30kHz(-3dB)highpassfilter.Thetrigger level is no longer adjustable. This mode should only be used with very high frequency signals.

❙ LP (low pass): The trigger signal is coupled via low pass withamaximumcut-offfrequencyof5kHz.Thisfilterremoves high frequencies and is available with AC and DC coupling.

❙ NR (noise reduction):Alowpassfilterwithamaximumcut-offfrequencyof100MHzwillimprovethenoiseperformanceforthetriggeramplifier.Thisfilterremoveshigh frequencies and is available with AC and DC coupling.

The slope trigger can be coupled with a so called „B Trig-ger“.ThisoptionisavailableafterpushingTYPE.Thisfunc-tionallowsyoutoadjustthetriggersuchthatfirstcondi-tion „A“ must be met and then another condition „B“ be-fore the trigger will respond (refer to Fig. 6.3).

E.g.itispossibletodefineasource (channel) and a level of 120 mV on the rising slope of that signal and for the se-cond condition a level of 80 mV on the falling slope. Addi-tionally,itispossibletodefinewhethertheBeventshouldoccuratime(min.32ns,max.10s)oranumber(min.1,max. 216) of times after the A event. The level or time or the number of events can be entered numerically with the universalknoborinasubmenu.Inordertodothisfirstse-lectthesetting,thenpushthesoftkeynexttoNUMERICINPUT.Inthewindowwhichwillopen,youcanenternum-bers and units with the universal knob or numerical with KEYPADbutton.

6 .4 Pulse triggerThe pulsetriggerallowstriggeringforspecificpulsewidthsof positive or negative pulses or for pulse width ranges. The oscilloscope triggers if a pulse occurs within the signal se-lected in the SOURCE menu that matches the properties setintheFILTERmenu.Ifapulsefulfillsthetrigger condi-tions,theoscilloscopetriggersonthetrailingslope,i.e.fora positive pulse it triggers on the falling slope and for a neg-ative pulse on a rising slope.

Activate the pulsetriggerbypressingtheTYPEkey 31 in the trigger control panel. Press the FILTER key36 ,thenyoucan select additional settings for the pulse trigger in the soft menu.

There are 6 different options: ❙ ti≠t: The pulse width ti is unequal to the reference width t.

The coupling types low pass and noise reduction may not be ac-tivated simultaneously.

32

Display of signals

8 MeasurementsThere are two different kinds of measurements on signals: cur-sor measurements and automatic measurements. All results are stored in a buffer memory which is larger than the display memory. The QuickView mode delivers all available parameters of a signal curve. The integrated hardware counter shows the count results on the selected channel.

8 .1 Cursor measurementsThe most frequently used measurement method with an oscil-loscope is the cursor measurement. This concept is oriented towards the expected results and thus provides not only one or two but in some modes, three cursors. Cursor measurements are controlled by the keys: CURSOR MEASURE and the univer-sal knob. The kind of measurement can be defined in the menu which will open upon pushing the key CURSOR MEASURE.

The menu CURSOR MEASURE allows you to select cur-sor-basedmeasurementsforanactivatedsignal source on the oscilloscope. The measurement source is indicated by the font color of the respective result. The results are dis-playedatthebottomofthescreen.If“n/a”isdisplayed,the measurement is not applicable to the signal. For in-stance,thismaybethecaseforavoltagemeasurementon a POD because only logic states without voltage ref-erencearedisplayedhere.If“?”isdisplayed,thedisplaydoes not show a complete measurement result. For in-stance,theperiod to be measured may not display com-pletelyandcanconsequentlynotbeidentified.

Asshownabove,theselectionofthekindofmeasurementcan be done by pushing the respective soft menu key and selecting the kind of cursor measurement with the universal knob. The results will be displayed below the graticule. In or-dertomoveacursor,selectthedesiredcursorbypushingthe universal knob and position the cursor with the universal knob. The kinds of measurements are:

VOLTAGEThis mode provides 2 cursors in order to measure 3 different

Fig. 8.1: Cursor measurements selection menu

voltages. The values V1 and V2 represent the voltages diffe-rencesbetweenthezerobaselineandtheactualpositionsofthetwocursorsontheselectedsignalcurve.ΔVrepre-sents the voltage difference between the cursors.

TIMEThis mode provides 2 cursors in order to measure 3 different times and an equivalent frequency. The values t1 and t2 re-present the times between the trigger and the position of the cursors.Δtrepresentsthetimebetweenthecursors.

RATIO XThis mode provides 3 cursors in order to measure ratios in X direction (e.g. a dutycycle)betweenthefirstandthesecondandbetweenthefirstandthethirdcursors.Thevalueswillbepresentedin4differentformats:floatingpoint,percent,degrees,radians.

RATIO YThis mode provides 3 cursors in order to measure ratios in Y-direction(e.g.anovershoot)betweenthefirstandthese-condandbetweenthefirstandthethirdcursors.Theresultswillbepresentedin2formats:floatingpoint,percent.

COUNTThis mode provides 3 cursors in order to count signal cros-sings of a level which can be set with the third cursor for a timespanasdefinedbythedistancebetweenthefirstandthe second cursors. The result will be presented in 4 diffe-rentversions:numberofrisingandfallinglevelcrossings,number of positive and negative pulses.

PEAK LEVELS This mode provides 2 cursors in order to measure the mini-mum and maximum values of a signal within the time span asdefinedbythetwocursors.ThevaluesVp-andVp+re-present the minimum and maximum values of the voltage. Thepeak-to-peak value (Vpp) is equal to the difference bet-ween the minimum and maximum values.

RMS,MEAN,Standarddeviation,σThismodeprovides2cursorsinordertocalculatetherms,the mean and the standard deviation σ values of a signal between the two cursors.

Duty cycleThis mode provides three cursors in order to calculate the dutycycleofthesignalbetweenthetwohorizontalcur-sors. The third vertical cursor will set the level at which the duty cycle is determined.

Rise time 90%This mode provides 2 cursors in order to measure the rise and fall times between the two cursors. The rise and fall time are measured between 10% to 90% of the signal amplitude.

Rise time 80%This mode provides 2 cursors in order to measure the rise and fall times between the two cursors. The rise and fall

33

Measurements

time are measured between 20% to 80% of the signal amplitude.

V MARKER This mode provides 2 cursors in order to measure two dif-ferent voltages and a time span. The values V1 and V2 re-presentthevoltagesbetweenthezerobaselineandthere-spectivecursor.ΔVrepresentsthevoltagedifferencebet-weenthetwocursors.Δtrepresentsthetimedifferencebet-ween them.

IfthefunctionAUTOM.SOURCEisactivated(On),thecurrently targeted channel will be used as source for the measurement.Ifthesettingisdeactivated(Off),thechan-nel set under SOURCE will be applied even if it is not tar-geted. The soft menu key SOURCE allows you to se-lect a source for the measurement by using the universal knob. Pressing the soft menu key SET TO TRACE places the selected cursors in their optimal position on the sig-nal curve. This allows very fast and typically optimal auto-maticpositioningofthecursors.Forthemostpart,onlyfinetuningisrequiredatthispointandthetediousma-jor adjustments to the cursors will no longer be neces-sary.Aspreviouslydescribed,thecursorscanalsobese-lected by pressing the universal knob and may be positi-oned by turning the universal knob. In case the automa-ted function SET TO TRACE does not provide the anticipa-tedresultsduetocomplexsignals,youcanpressthekeySETTOTRACEtopositionthecursorsinapredefinedst-arting position. This allows you to return distant cursors to the screen.

The soft menu key GLUE TO TRACE allows cursors to stay on the selected data point without changing the position inthemeasurementsignalevenifthescalingismodified(cursors will be „glued“ to the signal). This function can be activatedordeactivated.Ifthismodeisdeactivated,thecursor stays in position on the screen if scaling occurs. WithGLUETOTRACEdeactivated,themeasuredvaluechangeswhileitremainsunmodifiedwhenthemodeisactivated.

Pushing again the button CURSOR MEASURE switch off al cursors.

8 .2 Auto measurementsThe HMO series features cursor measurements and also various automatic measurements. These may be activated by pressing the key AUTO MEASURE 11 in the section AN-ALYZEofthecontrolpanel.

This menu allows you to select up to six automatic mea-surement functions by using the soft menu key MEAS. PLACE and the universal knob. A maximum of two mea-surements are possible simultaneously. These may origi-nate from two different sources. The measurement source (soft menu SOURCE) is indicated by the font color of the respective result. The results are displayed at the bottom ofthescreen.If“n/a”isdisplayed,themeasurementisnot

applicabletothesignal.Forinstance,thismaybethecasefor a voltage measurement on a POD because only logic states without voltage reference are displayed here. If “?” isdisplayed,thedisplaydoesnotshowacompletemea-surementresult.Forinstance,theperiod to be measured may not display completely and can consequently not be identified.

The following kinds of measurement are available:

MEANThis mode measures the mean value of the signal ampli-tude.Ifthesignalisperiodic,thefirstperiod on the left of the screen will be used for the measurement. The mea-surement will only be applied to the selected channel.

RMSThismodeidentifiestheeffectivevaluefromthedisplayedviewofthesignal.Ifthesignalisperiodic,thefirstperiod on the left of the screen will be used for the measurement. The effective value is not applied to a sine signal will be calculateddirectly(so-calledTrueRMS).Themeasurementwill only be applied to the selected channel.

PEAK–TO–PEAKThis mode measures the difference in voltage between the maximum and the minimum peak value of the signal within the displayed view.

PEAK + This mode measures the maximum voltage value in the displayed view of the screen. The measurement will only be applied to the selected channel.

PEAK – This mode measures the minimum voltage value in the dis-played view of the screen. The measurement will only be applied to the selected channel.

The list of available sources only includes displayed chan-nels (possible sources are analog, digital and mathematical channels).

Fig. 8.2: Menu for the automatic measurements settings

34

Measurements

FREQUENCYThismodeidentifiesthefrequency of the signal from the reci-procalvalueofthefirstsignalperiod T. The measure-ment will only be applied to the selected channel.

PERIODThis mode measures the duration of the signal period T. The periodidentifiesthedurationbetweentwoequalval-ues of one periodically repeated signal.

AMPLITUDEThis mode measures the amplitude of a square wave sig-nal. This mode calculates the difference in voltage be-tween the upper and the lower level (Vbase and Vtop). The measurement will only be applied to the selected channel and requires a minimum of one complete period of a trig-gered signal.

UPPER LEVELThis mode measures the mean voltage level of an upper square wave. This mode calculates the mean value of the slope (without overshoot). The measurement will only be applied to the selected channel and requires a minimum of one complete period of a triggered signal.

LOWER LEVELThis mode measures the mean voltage level of the lower square wave. This mode calculates the mean value of the slope (without overshoot). The measurement will only be applied to the selected channel and requires a minimum of one complete period of a triggered signal.

PULSE WIDTH +This mode measures the width of the positive pulse. A positive pulse consists of a rising slope followed by a fall-ingslope.Thismeasurementtypeidentifiesthetwoslopesand calculates the pulse width from their time difference. The measurement will only be applied to the selected channel and requires a minimum of one completely dis-played period of a triggered signal.

PULSE WIDTH –This mode measures the width of the negative pulse. A negative pulse consists of a falling slope followed by a ris-ingslope.Thismeasurementtypeidentifiesthetwoslopesand calculates the pulse width from their time difference. The measurement will only be applied to the selected channel and requires a minimum of one completely dis-played period of a triggered signal.

DUTY RATIO +This mode measures the positive duty ratio.Inthismode,positivesignalportionsareidentifiedoveraspecificpe-riodandwillthenbeanalyzedinrelationtothesignalpe-riod. The measurement will only be applied to the selected channel and requires a minimum of one complete period of a triggered signal.

DUTY RATIO –This mode measures the negative duty ratio.Inthismode,positivenegativeportionsareidentifiedoveraspecificpe-riodandwillthenbeanalyzedinrelationtothesignalpe-riod. The measurement will only be applied to the selected channel and requires a minimum of one complete period of a triggered signal.

RISE TIME 90%This mode measures the risetimeofthefirstrisingslopein the displayed view of the screen. The rise time identi-fiesthetimeinwhichthesignalrisesfrom10%to90%of its amplitude.

FALL TIME 90%This mode measures the falltimeofthefirstfallingslopein the displayed view of the screen. The fall time identi-fiesthetimeinwhichthesignalfallsfrom90%to10%ofits amplitude.

RISE TIME 80%This mode measures the risetimeofthefirstrisingslopein the displayed view of the screen. The rise time identi-fiesthetimeinwhichthesignalrisesfrom20%to80%of its amplitude.

FALL TIME 80%This mode measures the falltimeofthefirstfallingslopein the displayed view of the screen. The fall time identi-fiesthetimeinwhichthesignalfallsfrom80%to20%ofits amplitude.

σ-STD.DEVIATIONThis mode measures the standard deviation of the signal amplitude in the displayed view of the screen. The stan-dard deviation is the measurement for the deviation of a signal from its mean value. A low result indicates that the values are close to the mean value. A higher result illus-trates that on average the difference between the values is greater.

DELAYThis mode measures the time delay between the set mea-surement source and the reference source. This mode searches for the slope of the measurement source that is closesttothetimereference.Then,beginningfromthispoint,itsearchesforthenearestslopeofthereferencesource. This time difference indicates the measurement re-sult.Asubmenu(DELAYSETTINGS)allowsyoutoselectthe setting for measurement source,referencesource and slopes.

PHASEThis mode measures the phase between two slopes of two channels in the displaced view of the screen. This mode measures the relation of the time delay between the set sources to the signal period of the measurement source. This mode searches for the slope of the measure-ment sourcethatisclosesttothetimereference.Then,be-

35

Measurements

ginningfromthispoint,itsearchesforthenearestslopeof the reference source. The time difference and the signal period indicate the measurement result in degrees. A sub-menu (MEASUREMENT SOURCE/ REFERENCE SOURCE) allows you to select the measurement source and the ref-erence source.

COUNT + This mode counts positive pulses in the displayed view of the screen. A positive pulse consists of a rising slope fol-lowed by a falling slope. The mean value is calculated from the amplitude of the measurement signal. A slope will be counted if the signal runs through the mean value. A pulse that passes the mean value only once will not be calcu-lated. The measurement will only be applied to the se-lected channel.

COUNT – This mode counts negative pulses in the displayed view of the screen. A negative pulse consists of a falling slope fol-lowed by a rising slope. The mean value is calculated from the amplitude of the measurement signal. A slope will be counted if the signal runs through the mean value. A pulse that passes the mean value only once will not be calcu-lated. The measurement will only be applied to the se-lected channel.

COUNT +/ This mode counts signal changes (slopes) from Low Level to High Level in the displayed view of the screen. The mean value is calculated from the amplitude of the measurement signal. A slope will be counted if the signal runs through the mean value. The measurement will only be applied to the selected channel.

COUNT –/ This mode counts signal changes (slopes) from High Level to Low Level in the displayed view of the screen. The mean value is calculated from the amplitude of the measurement signal. A slope will be counted if the signal runs through the mean value. The measurement will only be applied to the selected channel.

TRIGGER FREQUENCYThis mode measures the frequency of the trigger signal bases on the period duration. The source for the measure-ment is the currently set trigger source. The frequency will be determined with a hardware counter with a high accu-racy of 6 digits.

TRIGGER PERIODThis mode measures the duration of periods of the trigger signal (with a hardware counter).

8 .2 .1 Statistics for Automatic MeasurementsIf automaticmeasurementfunctionsaredefined,youcanview statistics for these parameters on page 2|2 of the AUTO MEASURE menu. The statistics allow you to eval-uate a periodic signal over a number of measurements.

Theresults(currentvalue,minimum,maximum,mean value,standard deviation and number of measurements) are shown in table format in the display window. Statis-ticsareavailableforupto1,000captures,andyoucande-finethedesirednumberwiththeuniversal knob. The mean value and the standarddeviationareidentifiedbymeansofthe most current n values where n corresponds to the set captures (soft menu key NO. OF AVERAGES). Minimum and maximum of the measurement value applies to the to-tal number of measurements. The total number of mea-surements will be displayed in the statistics. The key RE-SET STATISTIC resets the statistics. All recorded values are erased. This function can be used to restart the statistics atadefinedpoint.ThekeyCLEARMEASUREMENTSde-activates the automatic measurements.

Fig. 8.3: Statistic for Automeasurements

Documents

¸HMO Compact Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manualsloyka/elg3175/Extracts from HMO722.manual.pdf · ¸HMO Compact Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual Test & Measurement User