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hmm…you’ll find out. Mr. Brock I have a question. What are we doing today?. What’s ecology?. Ecology, right?. Ecology, in my notes on the reading, the definition of ecology is the study of organisms and the relationship with their environment. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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hmm…you’ll find
out.
Ecology,
right?
What’s ecology?
Mr. Brock I have a
question. What are we doing today?
Ecology, in my notes on the reading, the definition of ecology is the study of organisms and the
relationship with their environment.
Ohhhh…lots of things!!!
How can dirt be
important…
Actually soil is very important. You would be
amazed at all the significant things it does and what lives in it, like
millions of tiny microbes.
Oh no, I know exactly what’s
coming. Let me grab my jacket, we are
about to get messy.
Why would we need a coat? I have a question, where are we
going?
Exactly where Caroline said,
some place messy.
Let me guess, in the dirt, with all the worms,
and cicadas.
Uh-hu! Everyone knows what to do, come on get on the
surfboard.
Now look around you, what do you see?
Ahh! You’ve all turned into great big, ugly,
green blobs!
In case you haven’t noticed,
you’re one too
Calm down, we’re just bacteria
There’s more of them! And they’re all coming towards us!
Why oh why did I come to school today…
Calm down and observe the bacteria’s behavior, you would
see that they are currently letting out
secretions into the soil.
Well why would they
do that?
Don’t you see the soil? It’s starting
to stick together!
Good observation Stephanie, the bacteria is letting out secretions
which help the soil to stick together, which creates good soil
structure, and is useful in preventing erosion.
Wow! I saw that on the discovery channel! There are 3
different components in soil: sand, silt, and clay. The perfect
type of soil for preventing erosion would have an equal
distribution of each component. The clay helps to trap the sand from eroding, and the silt helps
to trap all of it.
Erosion? Uh, oh what’s erosion? That doesn’t
sound too good…
Well in my dictionary it states that the definition
of erosion is the “washing away of soil.”
Wow, so do the fields stop
a lot of erosion?
Well it’s hard to tell, in order to really find out, you would also have to test how well the field’s natural erosion prevention method, grass,
prevents erosion as well.
Are there other places at RPCS
that prevent erosion?
I never see any!
Actually, Megan there are other methods that you might not have noticed. Such as,
the wall located at the lower school playground, and the woodchips lain down
on the trail leading to the backwoods.
How would do we figure out which method
works the best?
Well, we would need to construct an experiment to test for the soil structure and
the number of bacteria at the different sites. As a base negative control, we will need to also have an area where the land is flat, and at the highest point on campus. To test for how well the erosion prevention methods
work, we will also need to test the soil above and below the erosion prevention methods, to
compare the difference in bacteria levels.
I already know which one will work the best, and it has to be
the playground wall!
Well maybe, but we’ll have to do the
experiment to know for sure.
well its time to test out your hypothesis class, so hop onto my Magic Surfboard and let’s
find out.
Yes! We’re us again! Thank
goodness!
Mr. Brock, how are we going to do
this?
You just need to record the soil
structure and test for the bacteria
density at each site. Then report back
to the lab and we’ll figure out what
your results mean. I will leave you with my magic
flying surfboard.
Oh and by the way, don’t
forget that you need to run
your tests for two trials, and will need to
collect 3 samples of soil
at each site.
But how will you get back to class Mr.
Brock?
I just need to call my
trusty Mexican penguin, Pepito!
Ok, lets get started then. Megan, you
and I will figure out the soil structure at
each site. Stephanie and Meghan, you
will cover the bacteria density.
Ok!
Wow! This soil is
spongy!
It’s mostly silt, that’s why.
According to my soil test, there is 68% silt, 28% sand, and 4%
clay.
So Stephanie, how high is the bacteria
level here?
Well after taking the average for both trials there are about 11.3
million bacteria per cc. Lets go to some other sites
now.
Sounds good!
This soil looks a little bit like the soil at the plot near the parking lot.
You’re right it is similar, at the top and bottom of the fields the soil is mostly silt, and
has similar amounts of sand and clay as the
high plot.
So is this soil good or bad?
Well the high field has 47% silt, 33% sand, and 20% clay. The bottom is
composed of 50% silt, 35% sand, and 15% clay. Overall I would say that this soil is pretty healthy, the soil is better at the top
then the bottom, so erosion could be taking place in-between and causing poorer soil
structure.
Hmm…there seems to be a big
difference between the
number of bacteria at the top of the
fields compared to the bottom. Well, according to my bacteria
calculations using my apgar film, there are about 30.5 million bacteria colonies per cc at the top of the fields, and about 18.6 million bacteria colonies per cc at
the bottom of the fields.
Since the bacteria density decreased so much from the top of
the field to the bottom, erosion must still be
occurring here, and the grass must not be
working to prevent soil from eroding.
Ok, then lets head to the
playground I need a break!
Jump on
Oww! What did I just land
on! I think that would be a woodchip.
This is strange, at the top of the
playground most of it isn’t even soil,
its detritus! Detritus is the
beginnings of soil. The 23% of it that
is soil is silt.
Eww…the soil at the bottom of the
playground is sticking to my
shoe!
That’s because this soil has no silt, it is 61% sand and 39% clay. Hmm…overall I would say that the playground has very poor soil, and it could very easily be eroded. There is not an equal
distribution of clay, sand and silt.
I don’t see nearly as much bacteria as
the other sites.
You are right, there are only about 7.3 million colonies per cc
at the high playground. At the low playground there are only about 8.5 million colonies per
cc.
Oh this time the bacteria density increased from the high area to the low area!
That means that the erosion prevention method, the
wall, is working to prevent soil erosion!
Yes that’s right, now we need to check out our last site, the trail.
Ahh! Yeah I definitely just got sand in my eyes! Ahh,
get it out!
Well that would make sense because both the high and low trails have a
high amount of sand. The high trail is composed of 48% sand, 35% silt, and 17% clay: which is pretty good.
The low trail has 65% sand, 25% silt, and 10% clay: which is not as good as the top of the trail, but is
still not terrible.
This is good! There is a lot more bacteria at the bottom of the trail then the top of the trail!
Yes! You’re right! At the top of the trail there are about 9 million bacteria colonies per cc. At the bottom there are about 18.7
million bacteria colonies per cc!
That’s a huge increase from top to bottom, so now that
we have our data, can we go back to the lab?
To the surfboard
!
Lets review our findings.
We can combine all of our graphs on
bacteria density that we produced at each
site to compare which areas had an increase in bacteria density from above the site to below it. Once we have done that, we simply look
for the greatest
increase.
We have to look at the soil structure to tell which soil had
the best structure before
and after erosion.
Here are our bar graphs that show the results. According to our graphs the trail had the largest increase in bacteria from the top to the bottom.
What about soil structure?
The fields had the best soil structure, but the grass used was the worst method to prevent erosion.
The retaining wall built by the playground would have been the best erosion method, but the soil
was the least healthy. In the backwoods, the soil was healthy and the method of using woodchips
was effective in maintaining the healthy soil with bacteria. So our hypothesis was wrong, the
retaining wall at the playground was not the best area equipped for preventing erosion, the trail was because of its woodchips and good soil structure.
Wow! There is something
up there!
That was
awesome!
What are we doing next class Mr.
Brock?