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<access>
HLS, July 4, 2002
<stories>
tales of the allowed
(1) broadcasters
1934
1934organ recital
1934organ recital
Empire State Building
1934organ recital
Empire State BuildingLong Island
FM radio
less static
higher fidelity
penetrates ionosphere
RCA
“I thought Armstrong would invent some kind of a filter to
remove static from our AM radio. I didn’t think he’d start a
revolution -- start up a whole damn new industry to compete
with RCA.”
“I thought Armstrong would invent some kind of a filter to
remove static from our AM radio. I didn't think he’d start a
revolution -- start up a whole damn new industry to compete
with RCA.”
FCC
patents
6 years
1954
FM
Not allowed.
(2) operators
1964
1964Paul Baran
1964Paul Baran
Rand
1964Paul Baran
RandDepartment of Defense
“packet switching”
AT&T
(1) “will never possibly work”
(2) “damned if we’ll allow the creation of a
competitor to ourself.”
(2) “damned if we’ll allow the creation of a
competitor to ourself.”
The Internet.
Not allowed.
</stories>
<general argument>
1. Creativity and innovation always builds on the past.
2. The past always tries to control the creativity that builds on it.
3. Free societies enable the future by limiting the past.
4. Ours is less and less a free society.
<access argument>
internet is an architecture
it is an architecture that allows
“end-to-end argument”
saltzer, clark and reed
e2e
put intelligence at the ends; keep network simple
Simple networks,
Simple networks,smart applications.
AT&T
uses
uses uses
usesusesuses
may I?
AT&T
uses
uses uses
usesusesuses
allowed
e2euses
uses
uses
uses
uses
uses
e2euses
uses
uses
uses
uses
uses
e2euses
uses
uses
uses
uses
uses
e2euses
uses
uses
uses
uses
uses
“want”
an architecture that allows
consequences
Arch(AT&T) vs.
Arch(e2e)
(1) Number of innovators: AT&T
= # owners of network
(1) Number of innovators: e2e
= # people connected to the
network
(2) Kinds of innovation: AT&T
= innovation that benefits the
network owners
(2) Kinds of innovation: e2e
= innovation that people want
“innovations”
“innovations”
Kahn/Cerf
“innovations”
Kahn/Cerf—kids
“innovations”
Kahn/Cerf—kidsWorld Wide Web
“innovations”
Kahn/Cerf—kidsWorld Wide Web—
CERN/Swiss
“innovations”
Kahn/Cerf—kidsWorld Wide Web—
CERN/SwissICQ
“innovations”
Kahn/Cerf—kidsWorld Wide Web—
CERN/SwissICQ—Israeli
“innovations”
Kahn/Cerf—kidsWorld Wide Web—
CERN/SwissICQ—Israeli
HoTMaiL
“innovations”
Kahn/Cerf—kidsWorld Wide Web—
CERN/SwissICQ—Israeli
HoTMaiL—Indian
kids&
non-Americans
not network owners
b/c ofe2e
where is e2e?
the Internet
Content
Logical
Physical
the Internet
Content
Logical e2e
Physical
the Internet
ContentWindows
mp3s
Logical e2e
Physical
the Internet
ContentWindows
mp3s
Logical e2e
Physical telephones
the Internet
ContentWindows
mp3s
Logical e2e
Physical cable
the Internet
ContentWindows
mp3s
Logical e2e
Physicalcable
wireless
the Internet
ContentWindows
mp3s
Logical Free
Physicalcable
wireless
the Internet
Content Free/Control
Logical Free
Physicalcable
wireless
the Internet
Content Free/Control
Logical Free
PhysicalFree to
Controlled
a “pure” router
a “pure” router
blind
a “smart” router
blind
a “smart” router
blind
intelligence
a “smart” router
blind
intelligence who
a “smart” router
blind
intelligence who
what
a “smart” router
blind
intelligence who
what
where
a “smart” router
I can see!
intelligence who
what
where
smart routers
discriminating routers
power to “allow”
corrupting e2e
e.g.
“cable families”
Video
Video
Video
Video
Video
?
“blood sucked from our veins.”
“blood sucked from our veins.”
the Internet
Content Free/Control
Logical e2e
Physical cable
the Cable-net
Content Free/Control
Logical e2e
Physical cable
corrupted core
e2e
the Cable-net
Content Free/Control
Logical e2e
Physical cable
corrupted core
e2e
Help!
innovation as network allows
content as network allows
end of e2e
</access argument>
</argument>
</access>
