Office of Global Health and HIV (OGHH)

Office of Overseas Programming & Training Support (OPATS)

HIV Prevention Training PackageSession 2: Combination Prevention

Session Learning Objectives

Participants identify all prevention activities prioritized by the health project framework and identify two appropriate activities and one inappropriate activity for PCVs.

Participants describe how biomedical, behavioral, and structural approaches interact to reinforce (or sometimes impede) HIV prevention efforts and work to achieve the “tipping point.”

Reduce new H

IV infection to below ‘tipping point’

Combination prevention approaches

Biomedical – directly influence transmission of the virus

Behavioral – promote behaviors/practices that reduce risk of HIV infection and that increase demand for prevention services

Structural – address “enablers” in a community that may increase individual/ community risk for HIV infection or may protect from HIV infection

Biomedical activities for PCVs

Communities to mobilize and access servicesBehavior change related to servicesTraining of community, health care workersLinkages between health facilities and communities

Behavioral activities for PCVs

•Provide comprehensive sexuality education•Reduce sexual partners (including MCP)•Promote consistent, correct condom use•Increase uptake of HIV testing and counseling•Decrease alcohol use and risky sex•Reduce high-risk behaviors•Create demand for HIV prevention services

Structural activities for PCVs

•Reduce alcohol abuse•Combat stigma and discrimination•Advocate for legal/policy reform•Promote harm reduction approaches •Employ right-based approaches•Address gender norms•Reduce poverty•Improve education

Core interventions in combination prevention (PEPFAR 2013)• Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of

HIV• Antiretroviral treatment (ART) for people living with

HIV• Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) for HIV

prevention• HIV testing and counseling (HTC)• Condoms• Other evidence-based and appropriately-targeted

prevention activities