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An ADA W
Reduwith
March 8
White Pape
cing Op Fuel A
8, 2016
r
peratindditive
ng Costses
s and R
ShaConstanc
Ste
Risks of
By Davidaron Sjostrce Senior, Vephen Mein
f Hg Co
d Young, Prom, Chief Vice Presidnhardt, Pro
ntrol
roduct ManProduct Ofent Techno
oject Engine
nager fficer ology eer II
Reduwith David Y
ABSTRAAs comploptions fof mercumercury currentlyassociatepreheateemissionlignite-ficontrol. indicatiotreatmenincludingwill be p
INTRODFor nearlcoal-firedmore thacompositintroduceissues an
ADA delivdemonsttrack recpatents ptechnolofocus its
cing Op Fuel A
oung, Shar
ACT liance with tfor mercury ury control sin the flue g
y the most ced with balaers, leachings. ADA’s pared boilers t After treati
on or evidencnt, leachingg opportunitresented.
DUCTION ly two decadd plants andan 140 boiletion, balanced by other
nd provide a
vers an imporated commcord includepending, and
ogy and systesignificant e
peratindditive
ron Sjostro
the MATS ancontrol. On
systems in chgas and imp
commonly usance-of-plang into efflueatented M-Prto increase ing over 100ce of corros, or ancillaryties to reduc
des, ADA had sold activars. Our porte-of-plant imtechnologierange of co
ortant combmercial produ
s securing md receiving ems. No maexpertise an
ng Costses
om, Consta
nd IB MACT rnce in compheck. Coal arove the effsed coal addt problems,nts that everove™ coal amercury oxi
0 million tonion in the fly emissions.
ce carbon co
s conductedated carbon tfolio of prompacts fromes. We wereommercial so
bination of hucts, and comore than 35numerous p
atter the chand resources
1
s and R
nce Senior
rules approaliance, planadditives arfectiveness oditive. While notably cor
entually discadditive has idation and ns of coal folue gas path. In this paponsumption a
d more than injection sy
oducts has grm alternate ae the first toolutions to t
hands-on expommitment t5 US patentsrestigious inallenges ours to innovati
Risks of
r, Stephen
aches, coal-fnts will needre used to inof activatede effective,rrosion of cocharge into wbeen used sreduce PAC r several ye, or issues aper, exampleand minimiz
100 mercurystems mainrown to addapproaches,o understandthe industry
perience, into collaboras, with additndustry awarr customers ing for a cle
f Hg Co
Meinhardt
fired boilersd to keep thencrease the od carbon. Br bromine ad
omponents swaterways, successfully consumptioars, there h
associated wes of the usze balance-o
ry control detaining mer
dress limitat, and operatd these envi.
dustry expeating with cutional US anrds for emisface, ADA w
eaner energy
© 2016 ADA-E
ntrol
t
s have manye operating oxidation ofromine is ddition has bsuch as air and ancillaron PRB- and
on for mercuhas been no with water e of M-Proveof-plant imp
emonstratiorcury controions in coal tional challeironmental
ertise, ustomers. Ond internatiosions contro
will continuey future.
ES, Inc.
y costs
f
been
ry d ury
e, pacts,
ns at l for
enges
Our onal ol e to
LegislatAir emissClean Airincrease (PM) mussummariz
Federal On Decem2012. Afyear extemaximumregulatioUnits (EGprovisionHAPs.
State MeIn additioto, or modecrees temissionunits.
IndustriaOn Decemtoxics sta2016, indlimits emboiler owJanuary demonstaffected
MERCUThere arcollectioabsorptiomercury particulaflue gas d
tion and Esions from cr Act as wellthe comple
st be accomzed below,
Mercury anmber 16, 20ffected unitsension of them achievableons. The rulGUs) that gens, control o
ercury and Aon to federaore stringenthat requires. Seventee
al Boiler MAmber 20, 20andards origdustrial boilemissions of mwners may b31, 2017. Wrate compliaby the IB M
URY CONTe only two pn of mercuron of oxidizecontrol stra
ate-bound Hdesulfurizat
Environmeoal-fired bol as under stxity of findiplished whilspecific fed
d Air Toxic 011, the EPAs had to be e compliance control tecle is applicanerate elec
of mercury a
Air Toxics Ral MATS rulet than MATS
e the contron states hav
ACT 012, the EPAginally finaliers must beg
mercury, acide granted a
Within 180 dance. The E
MACT in indu
TROL STRpathways byry that has bed gaseous mategy must ug using the tion (FGD) sc
ental Reguilers and indtate rules. Tng a complile controllineral rules ap
Standards (A issued the fin complian
ce date to Achnology (Mble to coal atricity via st
and particula
Regulations Aes, certain stS. Power plal of acid gasve mercury-s
A finalized a zed in Marcgin compliand gases, parone year exays of the cEPA estimatestries such a
RATEGIES y which mercbeen adsorbemercury speutilize one oparticulate crubber.
2
ulations dustrial sourThese are mance solutio
ng both acid pply to each
(MATS) final MATS rce on April pril 16, 2016
MACT) framewand oil-firedteam turbineate matter,
Affecting EGtates have tants around ses and partspecific rule
specific seth 2011 for innce with therticulate maxtension delompliance des that appras pulp and
FOR COAcury can be ed on surfacecies (collecor both of thcollection d
rces are regmulti-pollutaon. The congases and m
h source cate
rule, which t16, 2015, un6. The MATwork for haz
d Electric Utes and proviand control
GUs heir own methe countryiculate mat
es that affec
t of adjustmndustrial boe Industrial atter, and calaying the codate, industroximately 6paper.
AL-FIRED removed fro
ces (e.g., flyctively, Hg2+)ese pathway
device or by
ulated undeant rules, whntrol of partimercury (Hgegory.
took effect nless they re
TS rule is baszardous air tility Steam ides for, aml of acid gase
ercury rulesy are also suter, in addit
ct more than
ents to the oilers. StartiBoiler (IB) Marbon monoxompliance drial boilers o600 coal-fire
BOILERS om coal-firey ash, sorbe) in aqueousys, either byremoving ga
© 2016 ADA-E
er the federahich can iculate matt). As
on April 16,eceived a onsed on the pollutant (HGenerating
mong other es and othe
that are simubject to contion to mercn 260 genera
MACT-baseding January
MACT which xide. Some
date until operators med boilers wi
ed boilers: nts) and s media. Any removing aseous Hg2+
ES, Inc.
al
ter
ne-
HAP)
r
milar nsent cury ating
d air 31,
must ill be
ny
in a
OxidatiOxidationthe transpollutionimportanabundantmagnituda strong mercury
Work carspurred nsystems. homogenbromine content oto the co
Addition chlorine shows thabout 80on the proxidizingimprove and techmore pen
AdsorptMercury from gascombustiapplicatioxidized form.
In a coalcompletecarbon sosurface ato mercu
ion of Mern of the elesformation on control equnt species fot halogen inde,1 and thisinfluence onin certain a
rried out in numerous in On an equi
neous oxidatin most US cof US coals ioal before co
of halogenscoals (subbiat, in most
0-90% with throcess. ADAg mercury, athe effectivnical expertnding in the
tion of Meadsorption o and liquid mion flue gas ions, municiform, which
-fired powee combustioorbents are area and, in ury capture.
rcury in Flmental mercof mercury iuipment. Hor oxidizing m coal. The c
s large varian the oxidat
air pollution
Europe on thnvestigationsivalent molation of merccoals to affeis 1% to 4% oombustion o
s to the fuel ituminous orcases, the ahe addition A discoveredand that the veness of hatise, ADA ha US and fore
ercury in Fon carbon sumedia. Theoriginally ppal solid wah has proven
r plant, the n of the coamore effectsome cases
lue Gas cury (Hg0) thnto forms thalogen compmercury in cchlorine contion resulte
tion state ofcontrol dev
he effect ofs on the impar basis, brocury in combect mercuryof the chlorior to the flue
or flue gas r lignite coaamount of oxof 100 μg Br
d that addingaddition of logens for m
as secured 13eign patent
Flue Gas urfaces is us presence oosed challen
aste combustn easier to a
fly ash ofteal. This unbtive than un, an optimiz
3
hat is presenhat can adsopounds havecoal combusntents of coad in the obs
f mercury in vices.
f bromine onpact of bromomine is morbustion flue gy oxidation inine content.e gas, if add
finds the beals). A sampxidized mercr/g coal, whg low-levels iron or othe
mercury oxid3 patents inoffices.
sed in many f both oxidiznges for destors, for exaadsorb on ac
en contains uburned carbonburned carbzed pore str
nt in the flaorb and/or ae long been stion systemals from theservation tha
the flue gas
n mercury emmine additionre effective gas. There isn coal-fired .3 Thereforeditional merc
est applicatipling of datacury at the
hich might inof iodine ca
er metals cadation. Levencorporating
applicationszed and ele
sign of effecample, mercctivated carb
unburned caon can adsorbon in fly asucture or su
ame zone is absorb in doidentified a
ms. Chlorinee U.S. span tat coal chlors, as well as
missions in in to coal cothan chlorins not enougboilers: the
e, bromine hcury oxidati
ion on boilera from full-scESP outlet lndicate kinean also be van act as a ceraging yearg M-Prove te
s to capturemental mer
ctive sorbentcury is almobon than the
arbon from lrb mercury. sh because ourface treatm
© 2016 ADA-E
the key stepownstream aas the most e is the mosttwo orders orine contents the remova
incinerators2
mbustion ne for the h native e bromine has been adion is desire
rs burning locale studiesevels off at
etic limitatiovery effectivcatalyst to rs of researcchnology, w
e mercury borcury in coalts. In other st entirely ie elemental
ess-than- Activated
of higher spements speci
ES, Inc.
p in air
t of t had al of
2
ded d.
ow-s4,5,6,7
ons ve at
ch with
oth l
n an l
ecific fic
The prescarbon, wwhich meor gas-phmercury.additives
With lowadsorbingthe gaseoto activahalogen tthe activadditive contains burned in
AbsorptAbsorptioremove mwhat seerelativelyis 106 tim90%.9 In elementathis redu
In wet FGphase. Oform. Ina phase csometimseparate
Further cProcess cin transieresult in scrubber
In summaplants. Fmercury
ence of halowhich has beercury is oxihase halogen. ADA’s ports and mercu
w concentratg mercury inous mercury
ate binding sto the flue g
vated carbonin conjunctilow concen
n a boiler.
tion of Meon of mercumercury fromems simple ay high and c
mes lower.8 Tsome scrub
al mercury. uction reacti
GD scrubberOnce in the the solid gycontaining Aes included d.11
complicatingchanges canent emissionsignificant e
r.
ary, there aFirst, the exwithout the
ogen compoeen attributidized. Pre-n has a similtfolio includry sorbents,
tions of halon coal-fired y will be in tsites. The egas (e.g., brn with a haloion with nontrations of h
ercury in Sry in flue gam the flue gat first turnsclose to the The removabers, howev Because of
ion is increa
rs, mercury csolid phase,ypsum produAl, Fe or botin the gypsu
g the picture cause chan
ns of elemenemissions of
re two primxisting air poe addition of
unds in the ted to its ac-treating thelar promotiodes patents t, including a
ogens in the boilers. Low
the elementffectiveness
romine or otogen. The un-brominatehalogens, fo
Scrubbersas desulfurizgas in coal-fis out to be qsolubility ofl of oxidizedver, some off the very limased elemen
can be foun mercury is uct from forth.10 Mercurum product
e, scrubbersges in the c
ntal mercuryf mercury be
ary mercuryollution contf new equipm
4
flue gas protivation of te carbon witonal effect othat cover t
activated ca
flue gas, acw concentra
tal form ands of activatether halogenuse of bromied carbon is or example,
s zation (FGD)ired boilers.quite complef HCl in wated mercury byf the absorbmited solubital mercury
d either in tnot observe
rced-oxidatiory is associatin a forced-
s do not alwomposition y from the secause of th
y control strtrol devices ment dedica
omotes mercthe catalyticth aqueous con the adsorthe combinerbon.
ctivated carbations of hal elemental
ed carbon is n addition toinated activtypically newhen subbit
) scrubbers i. As with gasex. The soluer. The soluy wet FGD s
bed Hg2+ in thility of elem
y in the gas p
the aqueoused to be redon scrubberted with the-oxidation sc
ways operateof the scrubcrubber. Su
he large rese
rategies usedmay be able
ated to merc
cury adsorptc sites on thchloride, aqrption of eleed use of hal
bon is not velogens meanmercury reqincreased b
o the coal) ovated carbonecessary whetuminous or
is one of thes-phase merubility of Hgubility of elescrubbers tyhe liquid is
mental mercuphase.
s phase or inuced back t
rs, mercury ae finest solidcrubber and
e at steady-sbber solutionuch transienervoir of liqu
d today in ce to removecury control
© 2016 ADA-E
tion by activhe carbon, aqueous bromemental logen-based
ery effectiven that most quires halogeby either addor by pretrean or a halogeen the flue gr lignite coal
e ways to rcury chemisgCl2 in wateremental mepically excereduced bacury, the resu
n the solid to elementaappears to bds, which ar sometimes
state conditin and can re
nt events canuid in a typic
oal-fired poe sufficient l, sometime
ES, Inc.
vated t
mide
coal
e at of ens ding ating en gas ls are
stry, r is rcury
eeds ck to ult of
l be in re
ions. esult n cal
ower
s
called a mercury,agents orSecond, equipmedevice. might beconjuncta plant’s
HALOGAddition as an effimprove flue gas i
Aco
Asc
RsufotoM
“co-benefits, including: r catalysts tsorbents cannt to inject The most co
e doped withtion with nons mercury co
GEN ADDITof halogen
fective way tmercury emis advantage
A low-halogeombination
A low-halogecrubber as t
Refined Fuel ufficient demor tax credito the qualifi
Most refined
s” strategy. burning coao increase on be used tosorbents int
ommonly useh halogens (tn-halogenatontrol strate
TION TO Ccompounds,to increase
missions conteous for mer
n fuel and twould be ch
n fuel on a uthe primary
use in an EGmonstrated ts under a Uied fuel purccoal system
Certain meal blends to ioxidized Hg;o adsorb Hg to the flue ged sorbents typically broed PAC. Ha
egy.
COAL-FIR, either to ththe amounttrol. Configrcury emissi
he use of a heaper than
unit with a wmercury rem
GU boiler, wemission redS tax regulachase and do
ms achieve m
5
easures can increase the addition offrom the flugas, typicallare powder
omine) or haalogen addit
RED BOILEhe fuel or toof oxidizedurations in wons control
non-brominbrominated
wet or dry Fmoval device
which is a moductions, ty
ation (IRS Seoes not affe
mercury cont
be taken toe halogen in f a scrubber ue gas, whicly upstream red activatedalogens mighion is often
ERS o the flue ga mercury in which addininclude the
ated PAC (ind PAC by itse
FGD with thee;
odification oypically of Nection 45). Tect compliantrol by addin
o increase ththe coal; usto removed
ch involves aof a particud carbons (Pht be addedan importan
as, has been the flue ga
ng halogens te following:
n the hope telf);
e intent of u
of the fuel tOx and mer
This tax crednce with theng halogens
© 2016 ADA-E
he capture osing oxidizin
d oxidized Hadding additulate controPACs). Thesd to the coalnt compone
n demonstras, which canto the fuel o
that this
using the
to result in ircury to qualdit only apple MATS rule.to the coal.
ES, Inc.
of ng g. tional l se l in nt of
ted n or
n lify lies .
When adhalogen been notcorrosionof bromid
An ongoidirect brthe majostudy assThis corrbituminowas addeBr/g coa
The addiconcentrscrubberresult in device. increase form (Semay be owastewa
Adding aconcentrscrubberincreasedoperate oμg/g chlowith add
In at leasdischargeconcentrscrubberbody of wsystems, four trihadibromoccontainin
ditional Hg used. Howeted after sevn in the fluede in scrubb
ng study by romine additor observed sociated witrosion was oous blends. ed to the fuel.
tion of bromration of seler slurry.11 Ita shift of seIncreasing tin selenium[VI]) cannotof concern toter promulg
halogen, suration of bror liquor are id halogen leon boilers fiorine or lessition of grea
st one case,e has been orations to ber liquid dischwater with athe US EPA
alomethanechloromethang bromine c
oxidation is ever, there averal years o
e gas path, seber wastewa
EPRI12,13 on tion and injeimpact. Th
th bromine anly observedFurthermoreel took plac
mine compouenium in thet appears thelenium fromthe concentr
m in the FGD t be removedo utility boi
gated in the
uch as bromiomide ions inincreased anevels, corrosiring Powders, might not ater than 10
an increaseobserved wite of concernharge could a drinking wsets a limits (THMs): cane.15 In thcan be form
needed in tare balance-of bromine uelenium par
ater.
the balanceection of broe most com
addition werd on boilers e, most of te in boilers
unds to the e flue gas do
hat the presem the fly ashration of seldischarge s
d efficientlylers becausefederal Effl
ine, to the fn the liquid nd the matesion could rer River Basinbe construc
00 μg/g brom
e in brominath bromine a
n.12 Increasepotentially
water treatmt of 80 parts chloroform, e chlorine d
med and ther
6
the flue gas,-of-plant effusage at coartitioning in
e of plant efominated PAmonly reporre the cold-efiring subbihe corrosionwith bromin
flue gas hasownstream oence of bromh to the flueenium in thetream. Seley by convente of the limiluent Limita
flue gas has phase of a wrials of consesult.12 In pn subbitumincted of the rmine.
ated organicaddition to e of halogenbe a problem
ment plant doper billion
bromoform,disinfection re is a conce
, bromine hafects of bromal-fired utilitthe flue gas
ffects of broAC) has, to drted corrosioend baskets ituminous con identified ne addition
s been obserof the air hemine compoe gas leavinge scrubber senium, partitional wasteits on discha
ation Guideli
been demowet FGD scrstruction we
particular, scnous coals, wright materi
c compoundsthe fuel, alt
ns (chloride, m if the watownstream. (μg/L) on th bromochloprocess in t
ern about th
as typically mine additioty boilers, ins, and poten
omine additidate, identifon locationsof air pre-h
oals or subbin boilers inrates greate
rved to increeater14 and iounds in the g the particuslurry mighticularly the ewater treatarge of Se inines.
nstrated to rubber.5 If here not desigcrubbers deswhich typicaials for long-
s in the wet though not abromide, e
ters are disc In public d
he total concromethane, he treatmen
he toxicity of
© 2016 ADA-E
been the on that havencluding: ntial dischar
ion (includinfied corrosios in the EPRIheaters (APHituminous-n which bromer than 100
ease the in a wet flue gas canulate contro result in anmost oxidiz
tment units.n power plan
increase thehalogens in tgned for thosigned to ally have 25-term opera
FGD scrubbat high enoutc.) in wet charged to adrinking watecentration oand
nt plant, THf brominate
ES, Inc.
e
rges
ng on as
Hs).
mine μg
n ol n zed This
nt
e the ose
ation
ber ugh
a er of
HMs ed
THMs. Fsupply m
Addition part of amust be paired wbuild-up
M-PROVADA’s paaddition bromine.eliminatemercury
The propcoal-firedto ten timresults as
To date, various amillion tocoal, wit
Table 1. power pla
Feedstoc
PRB / PR
PRB / PR
PRB / PR
100% PRB
100% Lign
Lignite B
100% Lign
Bitumino
or this reasomunicipal wa
of halogensa plant’s merconsidered
with an ADA-pin the scrub
VE TECHNatented M-Prfor mercury
. We use a fes the risk acontrol ben
prietary liqud boilers cames less M-Ps with brom
over 57 fullair pollution ons of coal hth no reporte
Feedstock aants.
ck
RB Blend (>8
RB Blend (>8
RB Blend (>8
B
nite
Blend (> 90%
nite
ous
on, concern ter treatme
s for increasrcury controin order to mpatented apbber as well
NOLOGY rove Technoy control, wiform of halo
associated wnefits.
id coal addin be appliedProve additivine. This m
l-scale testscontrol dev
have been ted balance-
and APCD con
AP
5%) SC
5%) C-E
5%) SC
H-E
SN
) C-E
FF
SC
has also beeent plants.16,
ing mercuryol strategy. make an infopproach to re
as mitigate
FOR MERology was deithout the nogen that ca
with bromine
tive productd at various ve is require
mitigates bala
s of M-Prove vices (APCDsreated with of-plant imp
nfigurations f
PCD Configu
R/C-ESP
ESP, FF
R or SNCR/C
ESP
CR/C-ESP/W
ESP/WFGD
, C-ESP/WFG
R/DSI/C-ESP
7
en raised ab,17
y oxidation iHowever, tormed compemove the h
e discharge c
RCURY OXveloped to pegative imp
an be appliede injection a
t for enhancstages of th
ed to achievance-of-plan
technology s) as shown i
M-Prove adpacts.
from M-Prove
ration
C-ESP/WFGD
WFGD
GD
P/WFGD
bout bromid
n coal combthe balance-pliance decihalogen fromconcerns.
XIDATION provide the
pacts that had at very low
at higher lev
ced mercuryhe coal feed ve similar oxnt impacts.
have been in Table 1.
dditive, prim
e demonstra
D
e in rivers a
bustion flue -of-plant effsion. ADA’s
m scrubber w
benefits of
ave been obw levels. Th
vels while ac
y oxidation a process. T
xidation and
conducted oSince 2009,
marily PRB su
ations at full-
© 2016 ADA-E
and lakes tha
gas can be afects of halos M-Prove cawater to lim
halogen bserved withhis essentialchieving simi
and removalypically, eig Hg remova
on plants wi over 100
ubbituminou
-scale coal-fi
ES, Inc.
at
a ogens an be
mit
h lly ilar
l in ght l
th
us
red
Hg RemM-Prove levels re(subbitumand fabri222-365°brominatgreatest to reducebe realizPAC addi
Figure 1.M-Prove a
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Hg
Rem
oval
, %
moval CaseTechnology quired by thminous or ligic filters (Fi°F across all ted PAC wasbenefit of Me the PAC in
zed for plantition rate ca
Reduced PAat typical add
0 1
Estim
M-P+ PA
e Studies has been us
he MATS or Ignite coal) agure 1 and Ftested unit
s used aloneM-Prove wasnjection ratets that sell tan allow the
AC usage for dition rates o
2 3
PAC Co
mated Rem(ESP A
rove™AC
sed successfB MACT ruleare summariFigure 2, ress, with a me or in conju
s observed ae can save otheir fly ash fly ash to b
mercury conon boilers wi
4 5
ncentration,
moval withApplication
PAC Only
8
fully with PAes. Data froized in the fspectively). ean injectionction with t lower PAC
on the cost ofor concret
be sold inste
ntrol when uith ESPs.
6 7
lb/MMacf
M-Prove™ns)
AC injection om seven bofollowing tw Injection tn temperatutypical M-P
C injection cof PAC. A fue manufactu
ead of landfi
using non-bro
8 9
™
to control milers firing l
wo graphs foremperatureure of 324oFrove additiooncentratio
urther econoure, becauselled.
ominated PAC
© 2016 ADA-E
mercury to tow rank r units with
es ranged froF. Non-on rates. Thons. Being aomic benefite lowering t
C combined w
ES, Inc.
the
ESPs om
he ble t can the
with
Figure 2.M-Prove a
M-Prove (FGD) scrare showProve wawet FGD (BL) and
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0
Hg
Rem
oval
, %
Reduced PAat typical add
Technology rubbers. Fu
wn in Figure as added to inlet and ina lower add
0.0 0.5
Estim
M-Prove™+ PAC
AC usage for dition rates o
has also beeull-scale plan3. In this cathe coal. T
n the stack wdition rate.
1.0
PAC Con
mated Rem(FF A
PAC Only
mercury conon boilers wi
en used on bnt data for aase, non-brohe figure sh
with two lev
1.5
ncentration, l
moval with Aplications)
y
9
ntrol when uith fabric filt
boilers with a lignite-fireominated PAhows the totvels of M-Pro
2.0
lb/MMacf
M-Prove™
using non-broters.
wet or dry ed unit with AC was injecal Hg conce
ove addition
2.5
ominated PAC
flue gas descold-side ES
cted before ntration me, the typica
3.0
© 2016 ADA-E
C combined w
sulfurizationSP and wet the ESP, and
easured at thal baseline le
ES, Inc.
with
n FGD d M-he evel
Figure 3.
In some c4 shows Hto the coby a fabrthe MATS
M-Prove have beethe MATS
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
5:0
Hg (µg/m
3)
Mercury co
cases, PAC iHg stack emoal at a typicric filter. InS limit.
addition raten shown to S rule in con
00 AM
M‐Prove™ B
oncentrations
s not requirmission data cal treatme
n this case, n
tes that are produce the
njunction wi
10:00 AM
WFGD
BL‐2
M‐
s at the wet
red when M-for a subbitnt level. Thno PAC was
typically eige high levelsth PAC or w
3:0
Inlet Hg
Stack
‐Prove™ BL
10
FGD inlet an
Prove Technuminous-firehe boiler hadneeded to a
ght to ten tis of mercury
when used wi
0 PM
Hg
d stack for p
nology is useed boiler in d a spray drachieve Hg s
imes less thay reduction ith wet or d
plant firing a
ed with a scwhich M-Pro
ryer adsorbestack emissio
an bromine needed for c
dry scrubbers
© 2016 ADA-E
lignite coal.
rubber. Figove was add
er (SDA) folloons at or be
addition ratcompliance s.
ES, Inc.
gure ded owed low
tes with
Figure 4.adsorber
Low RisRecent recorrosionmechanispreheateare in thtaken frothermodyrates aretemperatexpectedassociatepreheateobserved
0
1
2
3
4
5
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Stack Hg (μg/scm)
Mercury co and fabric fi
sk of Corresults at botn probe suggsm is responers.18 Calcue 110-115 °om Ganapatynamic prop
e about ten ttures associd with HBr ined with M-Prers. The cold most often
00 1
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s at the stackve added to c
h M-Provefull-scale te
hydrohalide rrosion in fltypical conchigh moistuew point foris also showhan correspo
M-Prove addias. This diffs is projecter preheater bd plants tha
16:00:0e
r Addition
al Halogen
11
k for plant ficoal at “BL-1
e Technoloesting of cocondensatioue gas at te
centrations ore PRB coal r M-Prove spn in the figuonding bromtion are expference is si
ed to be belobaskets is that add bromi
00
n Addition
ring subbitum” level, with
ogy rrosion rateon (i.e., dewemperaturesof bromine a(Figure 5).
pecies was eure. Since tmine additionpected to beignificant beow cold-endhe location wine to the fu
minous coal hout the use
es using a reaw point corros representaaddition indThe dew po
estimated frotypical M-Pron rates, the e 10 to 20oF ecause the dd metal tempwhere corrouel.
© 2016 ADA-E
with spray d of PAC.
al-time osion)
ative of air icate dew p
oint of HBr wom ove additiondew point less than th
dew point peratures inosion has bee
ES, Inc.
ryer
points was
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SUMMAADA’s M-additivesmaintenareduces atreatmen
Key bene
ADA provhalogen wbitumino
70
80
90
100
110
120
0
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Dew point oor 12.5% H2O
ARY -Prove Techns used for enance and repadditional hnt system.
efits of M-Pr
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Minimizes
Reduces s
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ous coals. W
0 10 2
of halide speO.
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halogen that
rove are as f
at extremean those use
ntly reduces ogen-based
s ancillary h
sorbent cons
es enhanced ESP, FF, FGD
capital inves
ons for challed to achieve
We also know
20 30
Halog
ecies in typic
ides a cost-ercury removnd enhancescould leach
follows:
ly low chemd with brom
the balancecoal treatm
alogen emis
sumption fo
mercury reD);
stment.
enging induse high levelsw that addin
40 50
gen in Coal, µg
12
cal PRB flue g
effective altval. Our pros system relih from fly as
mical treatmemine;
e-of-plant riments;
ssions in the
r ACI system
moval by ot
stry problems of mercuryg too much
60 70
g/g (dry)
gas as a funct
ternative to oduct minimiability. M-Psh or be pres
ent rates, ty
isks, includin
e stack, fly a
ms;
ther downstr
ms. In the lay removal inhalogen to
80 90
Bromine
M‐Prove
tion of halog
other halogmizes corrosi
Prove Technsent in the w
ypically eigh
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ash, and was
ream polluti
ate 90s, we plants firina plant desi
100
© 2016 ADA-E
gen addition
gen-based coon risks to cnology also wastewater
ht to ten tim
n, attributed
stewater;
ion control
discovered g sub-gned to bur
ES, Inc.
rate
oal cut
mes
d to
that
rn
low-haloflue gas.with usin
I I H I
M-Prove feed procconsiderain improv
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sson, L. water. J. AW
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ES, Inc.
f
or 3. d
.
hp-
WWA
f
d at
y