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This is a pdf view of the list on History Timeline: Major events of ancient history. This was generated in the view that most people might not be able to read it fully at a time. Original Link: https://talecup.com/history-timeline-events-of-ancient-history/
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9/7/2015 History Timeline: Events of Ancient History
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History Timeline: Events of Ancient History
With every passing second, new events are taking place all around the
world. Each one of them brings about some change that is seen to be
in direct effect on upcoming time. This text covers information about
ancient history. The period ranges from 3500 B.C.E. to 500 C.E. but
some of the basic pre-historic events are included here.
This list compiles one of the greatest events that happened in
ancient history. We are not generalizing on events. Most significant
events that took place include the following:
Natural Events
Birth of Religions
Civilizations
Advancement in Technology
Artists and Creators
Wars
Religious Propagation and much more.
The data mentioned here may contain ambiguity. Exact time and date
when an event happened or its location can be commented on. We
welcome suggestions in comments. Please refer to our other guides
on:
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History Timeline: Eventsof Ancient Historyby Divyaraj Jhala / August 30, 2015 / Featured, History / No
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Timeline: Events that changed ourworld
We start our journey from ancient history with a few events and move
to modern history. Not everything on this list will interest you. Take a
look at the index below and skip to the topic that you find relevant.
Ancient history is a wide subject. We handpicked the best of events
that make the list complete. Suggestions are welcomed.
Index
1. Big Bang: The Universe Gets into Creation
2. Formation of Earth
3. Extinction of Dinosaurs
4. The Great Pyramid Constructed
5. Hammurabi’s Code: First Legal System
6. First Olympic Games
7. Siddhartha Gautama Attains Enlightenment
8. Leonidas and the Brave 300 Spartans
9. Socrates Made to Drink Poison
10. Plato’s Academy
11. Alexander Battles for Issus
12. Ashoka Commits to Peace
13. China: 4,00,000 Buried Alive
Gandhinagar
Kamaxidevi Raol on
How to learn Vedic
Maths at home
September
1, 2015
August 21,
2015
August 17,
2015
August 20,
2015
August 26,
2015
GreatPersonalitiesofAhmedabad
History ofComedy inIndia
History OfSongwritingIn India
Masaan:Flying AwaySteadily
The Ashes:Quest toRegain theUrn
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14. Eureka: Archimedes Discovers Way to Measure Density
15. Julian Calendar: Modern Calendar Founded
16. The Birth of Jesus Christ
1. Big Bang: The Universe gets intoCreation
Event Name: Big Bang
Event Time: 13.7 billion years ago
Big Bang creation of Matter, Time Background: levviathor from
deviantart
Yes. You heard the above line right. To those who have had the
fascinating experience of getting in touch with Physics, you may know
that. Everything in this world came into creation at the time of Big
Bang. This included Matter, Energy, Space and Time.
Temperatures in the range of billions of Kelvins were prevalent at the
event. The density of matter being thousands of times greater than
that of steel. Even atoms and other subatomic particles cannot stay
in stable form. Everything came out of “singularity”. Big Bang was
perhaps one of the greatest events in world history.
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The Hubble space telescope pointed to a location that seemed to be
empty space. The area was of size equal to 1/10th of that of the moon
in its nearby region. Light collected for four months in a row
generated an image. The area that seemed empty and dark in reality
hosted dozens of galaxies far bigger than our Milky Way. Our point of
interest being many of them where as far as 13 billion light years. We
could see how our universe looked at the time of its creation, i.e. in its
early stage.
Big Bang is a theory published in late 1950’s. It still remains
unchallenged with positive opinion from most of the researchers.
2. Formation of EarthEvent Name: Formation of Earth
Event Time: 4.5 billion years ago
Primordial Earth Art Concept Image: Wikipedia
As one can roughly state, our planet is about one-third of the age of
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universe. One can see from the graphic that historic situation of our
planet was not meant support any life forms. There was total absence
of atmosphere. This resulted in frequent collisions from asteroids and
comets. The landscape was laden with molten lava and hot rocks.
Temperatures were high for any life forms to survive. Water was
absent on the surface of earth. Due to this, it took at least another
billion years until first life forms came into being.
It is also believed in theory that there occurred a collision of our planet
with a large heavenly body. This made its axis of rotation tilted. Debris
thrown out was enough in quantity to form our ‘Moon’. The formation
of earth took place with the formation of our solar system. Everything
of a ‘Dust-Cloud’ composed of Hydrogen and Helium.
3. Extinction of Dinosaurs from thePlanet
Event Name: Dinosaurs Extinction
Event Time: 65 million years ago
Cretaceous Tertiary Extinction Event
Scientists have long debated on what was the reason behind their
extinction. Not only did the Dinosaurs got wiped from the planet but
also several species of other animals, plants, marine animals, birds
and reptiles. Most theories suggest that a large asteroid hit the earth
scattering the debris over large areas and resulting in Tsunamis,
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Volcanic eruptions and subsequent Blackout due to atmospheric
pollution.
The extinction of dinosaurs was not the biggest extinction event in
world history. There have been many other where more than 95% of
living species went extinct after the event. Despite this fact, dinosaurs
have been researched and fancied upon the most by paleontologists
making it to our list.
4. The Great Pyramid ConstructedEvent Name: Construction of the Great Pyramid
Event Time: 2575 B.C.E.
The Great Pyramid at Giza Image: Wikipedia
Looking at the Great Pyramid, one of the largest monuments till date
and an architectural wonder, it makes one wonder about the
technological and architectural advancement that human civilization
achieved 4000 years ago.
Each of the stones, from the 2.3 million blocks of stone used in
construction of the Pyramid weighted more than a ton. Construction
of such a massive object, about 130 meters high in such a short period
was astounding. It is structured in a perfect square tetrahedral form
with inclination of the sides matching exact alignment. The Great
Pyramid was aligned with the star Orion to let the soul of king reach
the stars. The tomb for King Khufu is one of the seven wonders of
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ancient world and undoubtedly its construction was one of the
greatest events that happened.
5. Hammurabi’s Code: First LegalSystem
Event Name: Existence of Hammurabi’s Code
Event Time: 1760 B.C.E
Hammurabi’s Code Image: Livescience
Hammurabi, the king of Babylon from 1782 B.C.E laid down a judicial
structure based on 282 laws creating the first ever noteworthy legal
system. This has also been one of the earliest scripts to be deciphered
entirely. The laws defined in detail what kind of punishments are to be
enforced upon specific sets of crime.
A system of professional judges was also set up to give rulings on
various cases. Each convict was tried in a proper system of law.
Property rights, Marriage rights, and host of other laws were enforced.
Even the king was meant to abide by the laws. Some punishments
were harsh but despite that, the ambiguity in the punishment
enforced upon criminal was removed with endurance of legal
principles, including collection of evidence, presumption of innocence
and avoiding random justice which was the case in most civilizations at
that time.
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Hammurabi’s code marks a milestone in history due to its
completeness and the time period when it was enacted. One may find
communities in current modern period that are playing upon laws
more orthodox than those at the times of Hammurabi.
6. First Olympic Games HeldEvent Name: First Olympic Games
Event Time: 776 B.C.E.
First Olympic Games
From this year, the Olympic games were held every year for 400 years
until they were temporarily discontinued. Historians suggest and
popularly believe that the games held at 776 B.C.E. were not the first
ones, but first to be recorded. The games were held in a stadium with
capacity of about 40000 at Olympia.
King Iphitus, 9th century B.C.E was believed to be the one who
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arranged the games at Olympia. The games were held every four
years since then. Such was their importance that the games were used
as a reference to make count of passing years. Olympiad refers to a
period of 4 years historically used as an unit. Olympic games were
originally religious in intent in honor of Zeus. A Greek myth suggests
that it was Zeus himself who after his victory over his father Cronos,
initiated the Olympic games.
7. Siddhartha Gautama AttainsEnlightenment
Event Name: Prince Siddhartha Attains Enlightenment
Event Time: 527 B.C.E.
Siddhartha attains enlightenment Image: speakingtree
Religious literature describes the life of Gautama Buddha. He sat
below a bodhi tree in meditation at Bodh Gaya. Siddhartha Gautama
determined not to move until he reached full enlightenment.
After seven weeks of meditation, he attained enlightenment on the
night of full moon. Buddha translates to ‘The Enlightened One’.
He travelled for 45 years and preached all over Asia. He laid the
foundation of Buddhism, considered one of the most peaceful
religions. Buddhism as a religion is now followed by over 300 million
people. It goes beyond being just a religion. Buddhism preaches the
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way of life, being aware of our actions and develop sound
understanding.
8. 300 Spartans: Courageand Determination
Event Name: War Between Persians and Spartans
Event Time: 480 B.C.E.
The 300 Spartans Image: Visual from the movie ‘300’
Xerxes achieved both victory and defeat when its massive army
invaded Sparta. The battle was one of the most significant in the
history. Sparta was remembered as the one who “didn’t lost and didn’t
gave up“.
The Persian army with the strength of perhaps 2,50,000 was led by
Xerxes. He was determined to avenge the defeat of his father Darius.
The Persian army aimed at defeating Athenians and conquering
Greece. Spartans decided to fight at land while the Athenians fought at
sea.
Spartan army was numbered no more than 7000, including 300
heavily armed Spartans. The defenders worked collectively for 2 days
and fought wave after wave of attacks. The fight was termed “Battle of
Thermopylae”. Eventually a farmer named Ephialtes betrayed the
Spartans by showing a way around the mountain, and Spartan army
was surrounded. The final stand by Spartans was ended by Persian
arrows.
The incredible fight put up by Spartans initiated a new wave of
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determination among the Athenians. Their resolve to fight was
strengthened and the cities united.
9. Socrates Made to Drink PoisonEvent Name: Philosopher Socrates dies after drinking poison
hemlock
Event Time: 399 B.C.E.
Socrates had a reputation of being a sociopath. He had a band of
devoted followers and liked to debate on various ideas. He asked
difficult and irritating questions relative to those times and mocked
those in power. He was also associated with some of the discredited
leaders if Athens.
Socrates was the founding personality of the western philosophy.
Plato and Aristotle were one of his pupils, credited for significant
efforts on research and thinking. No writings of Socrates by himself
are known, and this event was taken from Dialogues of Plato.
He was put on trial for disrespecting the gods and corrupting the men
of state. He has the option of paying a fine for removal of charges but
he instead chose not to, claiming he had done nothing wrong.
Socrates was given death penalty by drinking poison hemlock, a herb
that paralyses nervous system.
In his last movements, he debated on immortality of soul and life after
death with the friends that had gathered around him. He drank the
poison in one swallow and death followed quickly.
10. Plato’s Academy: Philosophyand Science
Event Name: Plato’s Academy Set Up
Event Time: 387 B.C.E.
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Mosaic of Plato’s Academy dating 1st Century B.C.E.
Plato was one of the pupils of Socrates and was the founder of
Academia. Academia was one of the first institutes of higher studies in
western world.
It was set in a park of olive groves, and was also used for religious
festivals and sport events. The area was used for teaching for some
decades before Plato. It is not known if there was an official setup, but
Plato is thought is have taught there until his death for 40 years.
Aristotle was a regular attendee of Plato’s Academy for about 20 years.
Academy survived for several hundred years and became well knows
as the school of philosophers.
11. Alexander Battles for IssusEvent Name: Alexander Defeats Darius in Battle at Gulf of Issus
Event Time: 333 B.C.E.
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Alexander Battles at Issus
The Persian army was outnumbering Macedonian forces by more than
three-folds. The armies, divided by small stream met for battle at the
gulf of Issus and witnessed one of the most significant battles of
history.
Alexander was the leading commander of his troops which numbered
no more than 50,000 men. On the other hand, the Persian army led by
Darius is said to have been 6,00,000 in number. The figures may have
ambiguity but it was certain that the Persians were most likely to
defeat Alexander.
Alexander himself attacked Darius’s position with joint attacks by his
cavalries. Darius fled the battle and his troops retreated, resulting in
total collapse of Persians. The defeat made Alexander unstoppable in
his further journey, where he conquered most of Asia. At the time of
his death, he was just 32 years old, and is often called out as one who
conquered the world.
12. Emperor Ashoka Commits toPeace
Event Name: Ashoka Adopts Buddhism
Event Time: 260 B.C.E.
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Ashoka Emblem with four lions
Emperor Ashoka invaded his neighboring kingdom Kalinga and
emerged victorious. 1,00,000 men were accounted to be killed and
another large number of men injured. Filled with remorse and regrets
after witnessing the landscape of horror he had painted, he embraced
Buddhism and determined never to conquer by violence.
The afterlife of Ashoka, after Kalinga war is said to be spent in
constructive reforms. He ordered to build treatment centers, wells and
rest houses. His authoritative texts were written over stone columns
and 33 of them were erected at various locations in his kingdom.
Largest of them being the Sarnath column, which is 50 feet high.
Despite all his efforts, the empire he established broke down within
few decades of his death.
13. China: 4,00,000 Buried AliveEvent Name: Zhao Army of 4,00,000 Buried Alive
Event Time: 260 B.C.E.
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Qin army defeats Zhao and buries 4,00,000 alive Image Text:
Army in correction of Arly
First of its kind unified Chinese empire was created after the western
kingdom of Qin defeated its six major rivals including Zhao. This key
battle between Qin and Zhao was known as Gaoping. It has also been
illustrated in major media and feature films.
The Qin army numbered more than half a million men. In a turn of
events, the Qin army manages to surround Zhao’s army blocking it
around a hilltop. Zhao army surrendered after the commander Zhao
Kuo was killed. The Qin commander had an entire army of more than
4,00,000 men buried in a course of a single night in an attempt to
prevent mass revolt. Archaeologists unearthed remains with large
number of bones in mid 1990’s, supposedly belonging to this event.
14. Eureka: Archimedes DiscoversWay to Measure Density
Event Name: Archimedes Discovers Buoyancy
Event Time: 250 B.C.E.
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Archimedes Discovers way to measure Density
Archimedes was given the task of finding out whether a crown was
made of pure gold by the king of Hieron. This was to be done without
damaging the crown.
Once while taking bath he noticed that the water level rose when he
got in. He realized that he could measure the density by weighing the
crown in water. The density is mathematically weight / volume, where
weight was already known and volume can be calculated based on
mass of displaced water. This discovery made him so exited that he is
said to have ran naked in the street calling out “Eureka“, meaning I’ve
found it.
Archimedes was both practical and theoretical scientist having works
on mechanics, hydro-statics, refraction and mathematics. He is also
credited for the invention of the Archimedes screw and Mechanical
Lever. During the siege of Syracuse, he set Roman ships on fire by
using mirrors and sunlight.
15. Julian Calendar: Modern
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Calendar FoundedEvent Name: Modern Solar Calendar Founded
Event Time: 45 B.C.E.
Early Julian Calendar having 8 days a week
Early dates were based on lunar calendar, making a year of 355 days.
The extra days were supposed to be added later and were announced
by authority to keep up with solar year.
On the advice of Astronomer Sosigenes, Julius Caesar introduced a
newly revised calendar known as Julian Calendar. It was accurate to
minutes and was based on solar year of 365 days and a quarter day.
Extra day was added every 4 years. Astronomer Sosigenes had over-
calculated the length of solar year by 11 minutes, 14 seconds and due
to this, by 1500’s, seasonal dates were shifted by as much as 10 days.
Pope Gregory XIII revised this error and published his calendar which
is still in use today.
16. The Birth of Jesus ChristEvent Name: Jesus Christ Born
Event Time: January 6, 4 – 1 B.C.E
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Illustration showing birth of Jesus Christ
Jesus Christ, the central figure of Christianity is born who becomes a
powerful personality, teacher and spiritual healer later on. The tales
from bible are more likely to be mythological. The date of birth,
month, or even the year is not mentioned in bible. According to
analysis it is likely to be in the period between 4 – 1 B.C.E. soon after
the reign of king Herod. Early Christians celebrated the birth of Jesus
on January 6. Fourth century onward it was celebrated on 25th of
December.
History is full of adventures. This text contains a few parts of pre-
historic history as well to be compatible with the timeline. Due to
limitations of a blog post, it is not possible to include all possible
events. Willing to see suggestions in comments.
Divyaraj Jhala
Divyaraj Jhala writes on History, Science and Arts in Talecup. He is an
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
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