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8/2/2019 History of Urban Settlements_ Lecture_01
1/22
History of Urban Settlements
Lecture 1: Introduction tonsettle
ments
Lawrence Ogunsanya
ryofUrb
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Definition: Urban Settlements
Urban Settlement :
a geographical area constituting a city or town An urban settlement is an area that is more densely
populated than surrounding areas
An urban settlement is characterized b hi hernsettle
ments
population density and vast human features incomparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas maybe cities, towns or metropolitans
Urban settlements feature an abundance of man-
made structures as opposed to rural areas, whichcontain more open space.H
isto
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Origins of urban settlements:
Around 10,000 years ago the Neolithic humans began
to stop living nomadic lifestyles and began to establishpermanent settlements
In order for these settlements to grow they needed:
nsettle
ments
Advances in technology
Social organization
Population growth
Histo
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Origins of urban settlements:
A favourable physical environment. The river valleys provided:fresh water (drinking, cooking, washing, irrigation). Fertile alluvial
soils for farming, food supply and a mode of transport for trade
Advances in technology. Overtime the development oftechnology meant that humans were able to go from small scale
nsettle
ments
.
Over time advances were made and other industries began toestablish themselves e.g. leather, cloth and mining.
Social Organisation. Rules and laws were important in earlyurban settlements. They provided peace, security and order.
Population Growth. At the most around 10 million people lived inthese early Neolithic settlements. By 1650 AD it had reachedabout 500 million
Histo
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Urban settlements are formed or developed
through the following reasons: Physical environment
Reli ious
nsettle
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Formation of urban settlements:
Cultural
Political/Military
EconomicHisto
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Formation of urban settlements:
Physical environment river , fertile ground
nsettle
ments
Maliseet village , South America
Histo
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nsettle
ments
Formation of urban settlements:
Ancient Egypt and the river nile
Histo
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Religious - churches, temples, graves
nsettle
ments
Formation of urban settlements:
Vatican: Rome Mount temple: JerusalemHisto
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Cultural Heritage sites, ancient civilisations
nsettle
ments
Formation of urban settlements:
Athens , Greece Ile Ife, Nigeria
Histo
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Political/Military King or leaders house, defensive walls
nsettle
ments
Formation of urban settlements:
Forbidden city, Beijing
Histo
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Economic Cities or ports of trade and economic activities
nsettle
ments
Formation of urban settlements:
Antioch, Turkey
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Ancient urban settlements
Prior to modern times most settlements were initially rural thengrew into urban areas.
First Urban Settlement recorded, Mesopotamia (Iraq)
nsettle
ments
Other Early Cities: Mycenae, Troy, & Isle of Crete in Greece wereSettlements along the worlds great rivers
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Ancient urban settlements
Athens - first city over 100,000 by the 5th century BC over300,000
nsettle
ments
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Ancient urban settlements
Rome - center of a world empire in 200 BC-400 AD
nsettle
ments
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Ancient urban settlements
Medieval Europe - after the fall of Rome, urbanization decrease
patterns of castles, walls & narrow street
compact space surrounded by walls
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ments
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Ancient urban settlements
Renaissance-Baroque Cities
Renaissance 15-16th centuries, Baroque 16-18th centuries
Development of wide avenues & monuments
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ments
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Ancient urban settlements
Industrial City
nsettle
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Urban structure Models Urban structure models are used to help explain where different
types of people tend to live in urban areas and the use of land.
There are 3 types: Concentric, sector and nuclei models
Concentric Zone Model
Conceived by E.W. Burgess (1923)
City grows outward from a central area in a series of concentricrings
nsettle
ments
Precise size and width of rings vary, but basic types of ringsappear in all cities in the same orders
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Urban structure Models
Sector Model
Developed by Homer Hoyt (1939)
City develops in sectors, not rings
As cities grow, they do so outward in a wedge from the center
nsettle
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Urban structure Models
Multiple Nuclei Model Conceived by C.D. Harris and E.L. Ullman (1945) Cities are complex structures which has more than one center
around which activities revolve Some activities are attracted to certain nodes while others try to
avoid them Incompatible land-use activities avoid locating in the same area
nsettle
ments
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Urban structure Models
nsettle
ments
Durban
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Questionsnsettle
ments
HistoryofUrb