History of Town Planning for collage

7/30/2019 History of Town Planning for collage

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Town Planning~ Lecture 1 ~

Ancient Towns

Middle Age Towns

Renaissance and Early Baroque TownPlanning


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e Ancient city of Ur - Mesopotamia


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The city ofUr, one of the oldest archeological

sites of a great ancient city.

The city had streets between the walls of

houses, and in the centre there was a citadel

which accommodated the most important

buildings: the sanctuary and the market, theroyal palace and the elite army headquarters.

The whole city was surrounded with high

defense walls.


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Agora din Assos

Agora

Agora was the city square in

ancient Greek cities.

Although it was not literallysquare, in some cases the

design was quite geometric

or based on straight lines.

The Greek agora consisted

on several long buildings

named Stoa which

accommodated stores,shops, deposits and a long

covered corridor which

allowed the citizens to walk

from one side to the other of

the square under the roof

cover and to enjoy the agora

social life.

Agoras also facilitated a

special building for the city

council, called bouleterion.


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Ancient city of Lindos

Greek houses are built using walls toward the street.

The streets result in small, narrow corridors between the houses.

The only breach into the walls are the doors and rarely, several small barred windows.


7/16Arhitectura public - Forumul Forum roman


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Diocletian's Palace (Dioklecijanova palaa) is a building in Split, Croatia that was built

by the emperor Diocletian at the turn of the fourth century AD. At the time it was built,there was no such city of Split, and the original town was built around the palace


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The Middle Age City

Middle Age city of Dubrovnic(actual Croatia, ex Republic of

Venice)

During Middle Age, following the fall

of power of the Roman Empire,cities had to build their own strong

defenses in order to survive the

dangers of Barbarians and later the

dangers of Otoman Empire.

In some cases, population moved

to better defended locations like

small isles, high hills or other

natural defensive location.

Space inside the city walls became

very precious and cities grew in

density.


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Sienna ItalyOne preserved example of chaotic middle age city

development.

Citizens were used to take advantage of every little

precious space in the defended city.

Middle age city streets were dark, narrow, random,curved, like a a corridor, like a maze.


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San GiminianoThe city of towers

Italy

Is a typical middle age city

with a unique feature of

having more than a few

separate towers.

City towers were not

uncommon in the middle

age and were used to

watch the land and signal

any attack.

Generally every city had at

least 1 or 2 such high

towers.


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Nordlingen German middle age city in BavariaThe city was first mentioned in the 11th century. The layout is typical

for central European german late middle age city. This particular city

is built upon a meteor crater. The crater borders gave a favorable

natural defense.


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Baroque Town Planning The renaissance heritage

Florence, the city that gave birth to

renaissance was basically a middle age city.In Florence, there are numerous

Renaissance buildings among and into the

chaotic middle age streets.

While the city is considered a Renaissance

city, its shaped by a typical Middle Age

chaotic layout.


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Baroque Town Planning The renaissance heritageIn early renaissance, Rome was a plain middle age city with two special locations:- The ancient Roman Forum which was in ruin yet no middle age buildings were build upon

- On the other side of the river, there was the Vatican with its ancient basilica (now replaced)


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One of the first successful attempts to create

new, geometric town spaces in renaissance

Roma Piazza di CampidoglioMichelangelo


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Wikipedia on Palmanova, Italy:On October 7, 1593, the superintendent of the Republic of Venice foundeda revolutionary new kind of settlement: Palmanova. The citys founding datecommemorated the victory of European forces (supplied primarily by theVenetian republic) over Ottoman Turks in the Battle of Lepanto. October 7also celebrated Saint Justina, chosen as the citys patron saint. Using all the

latest military innovations of the 16th century, this tiny town was a fortress inthe shape of a nine-pointed star, designed by Vincenzo Scamozzi. Inbetween the points of the star, ramparts protruded so that the points coulddefend each other. A moat surrounded the town, and three large, guardedgates allowed entry.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmanovahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmanova

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History of Town Planning for collage