History of the Railroad Close Reading - Amazon S3 · 2018-08-30 · reading of our text on History of the Railroad. Read the passage again and use your annotation marks (thinking

Ask: What do you think we are going to learn about today? (History of the Railroad) We are going to focus on this passage for the next few days. Right now, I want you to read this text and use your annotation marks as you are reading. I want you to think about what this entire text is about.MODEL: QuestioningUse a “think aloud” strategy to demonstrate to the students what questions you ask yourself as you read.*Even before I start reading, I can ask myself questions. I can look at the photographs and headings (if any). I can think about something I want to learn about.*As I am reading I keep asking myself questions: What does this mean? Is this important?Why?*After I read, I question the most important things I read and I think about what else I want to know. Read the text now and think about some questions as you are reading.ACTIVITY: Prior to reading the text, have the students complete the PREDICT-IT portion of the trifold. After the 1st read, ask the students to do the HIGHLIGHT-IT to focus on Key Details in the text.

Today we are going to do a 2nd reading of our text on History of the Railroad. Read the passage again and use your annotation marks (thinking marks) to make any notes about the text you are reading, questions you may still have, or words you may not understand.After reading, you will focus on vocabulary development and author’s purpose. Do the DEFINE-IT part of the trifold. Ask the students to read the words. Then, ask the students to locate the words in the correct paragraph and write what they think it means. After students discuss what they think the vocabulary words mean by using the context clues from the text, allow the students to find the exact definition in their dictionaries and write the meaning.MODEL: Author’s PurposeUse the “think aloud” strategy to show your students how you think about the author’s purpose.*Was this text funny, serious, sad, orexciting?*Did it entertain me, inform me, orpersuade/convince me to dosomething?*What clues do I use to help medecide?*Why did the author write this? (Wedon’t usually know why an authorwrites a text, but we can think aboutit.) Have students answer QUESTION1 on the Author’s Purpose.

Today we will do a 3rd reading of our text on History of the Railroad. Read the text and use annotation marks to focus on what you think is REALLY IMPORTANT in the text. MODEL: Important Ideas & Main Idea and DetailsWhen I am reading, I should think about which ideas are the most important in this text. Say: By thinking about the most important ideas from the text, this will help me figure out the main idea of the text. Give the students a highlighter and ask them to highlight TWO facts that they feel are really important and support the main idea of the entire text. Allow for some discussion on how to formulate the Main Idea of the text when it is not explicitly stated in the text. Ask students to share 2 facts/details from the text that support the main idea of the text. FOCUS: Text-Dependent Questions After students read the passage, they should complete the COMPREHEND-IT part by answering the text-dependent questions (Q2 & 3). Expect students to support their ideas/answers with evidence from the text. You may need to continuously model this expectation until it becomes a habit for them. Then complete the ANALYZE-IT writing piece.

History of the Railroad

©2018 Anna DiGilio – Simply Skilled In Second, Inc.

Level D/E/F

What new information did you learn from this text? How can this information help you?

History of the Railroadbumpy

dangerous


Level D/E/F

History of the Railroad America was a new land in the 1800s. Travel was hard. People walked. People rode horses. People rode in wagons. Then the railroad was built.

The railroad started in the East. Most people lived there. In 1826, a railroad was built. It carried rocks. Soon, more tracks were built. They went west. They went to Ohio. The trains carried goods. They carried people, too.

The first trains were pulled by horses. The steam engine came next. Train travel changed. It was faster. People liked trains! Soon, they were everywhere. They went north and south. They went east and west.

Train travel was hard at first. The seats were hard. The ride was bumpy. There was no air conditioning. There was no heat. More railroads were built. Soon, they crossed the country. This railroad had a name. It was the Transcontinental Railroad. It was a fast way to travel.

The railway was built in all kinds of weather. Men built it. They worked in rain. They worked in heat. They worked in snow! It was hard. And dangerous! They had to blast. They went through mountains. Native Americans did not help. They did not like the railway. They would attack. But the work went on.

The last spike was put into the railroad. It was called the Golden Spike. It had taken a long time! At last, it was done. The railway went from sea to sea.

You can see that spike. It is on display. The railroad changed America. It changed travel. It changed work. It is some of the country’s best work.

Highlight the text green that tells what the railroad was called.

Highlight the text pink that tells when the railroad started being built.

Highlight the text blue that tells where the railroad started.

Highlight the text yellow that tells why traveling on trains was difficult in the 1800s.

1. Why do you think the author wrote thisstory? Provide evidence to support youranswer.

2. Why do you think the railroad laborers hadto blast mountains? Provide evidence tosupport your answer.

3. What is the main idea in paragraph 2?Provide 2 details to support the main idea.


Level H/I


History of the Railroadcargo

gunpowder

feats


Level H/I

History of the Railroad America was a new land in the 1800s. Travel was hard. People walked. People rode horses. People rode in wagons. Then the railroad was built.

The railroad started in the East. Most people lived there. In 1826, in Massachusetts, a railroad was built. It carried rocks. Soon, more tracks were built. They went west. They reached Ohio. They reached the Erie Canal. The trains carried cargo. They carried people, too.

The first trains were pulled by horses. The steam engine came next. Train travel changed. It was faster. People liked these trains! Soon, they were everywhere. They went north and south. They went east and west.

Train travel was not comfy at first. The seats were hard. The ride was bumpy. There was no air conditioning. There was no heat. More railroads were built. Soon they crossed the country. This railroad had a special name. It was the Transcontinental Railroad. It was the fastest way to travel.

The railway was built in all kinds of weather. Men built it. They worked in rain. They worked in heat. They worked in snow! It was hard. It was dangerous. They had to use gunpowder. They had to blast through mountains. Native Americans did not help. They did not like the spread of the railway. They would attack the men. But the work went on.

The last spike was put into the railroad track. It was called the Golden Spike. It had taken years of work! At last, it was done. The railway crossed the country!

The Golden Spike is still around. It’s in a museum. You can go see it. It’s in California. The railroad changed America. It changed travel. It changed business. It is one of

the country’s greatest feats.









Level L/M


History of the Railroadinvented

preserved

laborers


Level L/M

History of the Railroad America was a new land in the 1800s. Travel was hard. People walked. People rode horses. People rode in wagons. Then the railroad came to America.

The railroad started in the East. That is where most people lived. A railroad track was built in 1826 in Massachusetts. It carried rocks. Soon, more railroad tracks were built. They went West into Ohio and to the Erie Canal. The trains carried cargo. They carried people, too. The first trains were pulled by horses. Then the steam engine was invented. This made train travel better. Soon, trains were everywhere. They were going in all directions – north, south, east, and west.

Train travel was not comfortable at first. The seats were hard. The ride was bumpy. There was no air conditioning. There were no bathrooms. More railroads were built. They soon stretched across the country. This was called the Transcontinental Railroad. It was the fastest way to travel.

Railway laborers worked in all kinds of weather. It did not matter if it was hot or cold, rainy or sunny. It was dangerous work, too. They had to blast mountains.

Sometimes, Native Americans would attack the laborers. They did not like the Iron Horse. That is what they called the railroad.

Finally, the last spike was hammered into the railroad track. It was called the Golden Spike. Now the railway ran all the way across the United States.

The Golden Spike is preserved at a museum in California. The railroad changed America. It changed the way people traveled. It changed the way people did business.

It is one of America’s greatest achievements.









Level P/Q


History of the Railroadlocomotive

achievements

cargo


Level P/Q

History of the RailroadTravel was not always fast and easy in the United States. Long ago, people walked,

rode horses, or traveled by wagon. Then the railroad came to America. It slowly changed the country.

America did not stretch from coast to coast in the past. First, there were thirteen colonies. Slowly, people continued to move across the land. In 1826, a railroad was built in Massachusetts. It hauled rocks. Soon more railroads were built further west. They reached to the Erie Canal and Ohio. Some of these carried freight, or cargo. Others began to carry people. The first trains were pulled by horses! Then, the steam locomotive was invented. Modern travel would never be the same. Railways began to pop up in all directions around the country. They carried people and goods from all directions.

In the 1800s, trains weren’t too comfortable. They weren’t air conditioned. They weren’t heated in the winter. The seats were hard. The ride was bumpy. But it was a much quicker way to travel than walking or using a wagon! By the 1850s, America planned to expand all the way across the nation. That meant laying tracks from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast. It was known as the Transcontinental Railroad.

Railway workers built the tracks in all kinds of weather. They didn’t stop, even during storms.

Tunnels were blasted in the mountains. Native Americans did not like the spread of the railways. They fought against them. But, the railway grew. In 1869, the last spike was driven into the tracks. It was called the Golden Spike. The railway now went from coast to coast.

The spike is still on display in California. The railroad changed America. It changed the way people traveled. It changed business. It is one of the country’s greatest achievements.









ALL Levels©2018 Anna DiGilio – Simply Skilled In Second, Inc.

Nellie’s Trip Out West Nellie gasped. Was this real? She was riding a train! She was leaving New York. She was going to California. She was excited. “I am lucky,” she thought.

Nellie’s was moving to California. Her father had bought a farm. It was by the ocean. It was a 2000 mile trip! They would take the Transcontinental Railroad. People and goods used it every day. They went across the land. They crossed many states!

Soon, Nellie was at the station. She looked up. She saw the Iron Horse. People called the train that. It was big! She climbed the steps. She got in the rail car. The seats were made of wood. Some seats had padding. Nellie’s family sat in those. They were riding in first class. It cost more money.

“All aboard!” a railroad man shouted. It was time to go! The train bucked! Nellie squealed! The trip would take days. Almost a week! Nellie was not bored. She had so much to see. She looked out of the window. She watched for hours. She saw towns. She saw hills. There were plains and lakes. She saw bears and deer. She saw much more, too! After a bit, they ate. Mother had brought a big basket. It was full of food.

The train had beds. The beds were in the Pullman car. They would not sleep there. It cost too much. They slept on the benches.

The train got hot. It got cold. The train bumped. It rattled. Everyone was sore. But they got there. They made it to California! Nellie hopped down. Her father took her hand. He said, “Welcome home, Nellie.”

“Thank you, Papa. What a grand trip!” Nellie said. She meant it, too. She had loved the train!

History of the Railroad America was a new land in the 1800s. Travel was hard. People walked. People rode horses. People rode in wagons. Then, the railroad was built.

The railroad started in the East. Most people lived there. In 1826, a railroad was built. It carried rocks. Soon, more tracks were built. They went west. They went to Ohio. The trains carried goods. They carried people, too. The first trains were pulled by horses. The steam engine came next. Train travel changed. It was faster. People liked trains! Soon, they were everywhere. They went north and south. They went east and west.

Train travel was hard at first. The seats were hard. The ride was bumpy. There was no air conditioning. There was no heat. More railroads were built. Soon, they crossed the country. This railroad had a name. It was the Transcontinental Railroad. It was a fast way to travel.

The railway was built in all kinds of weather. Men built it. They worked in rain. They worked in heat. They worked in snow! It was hard. And dangerous! They had to blast. They went through mountains. Native Americans did not help. They did not like the railway. They would attack. But the work went on.

The last spike was put into the railroad. It was called the Golden Spike. It had taken a long time! At last, it was done. The railway went from sea to sea.

You can see that spike. It is on display. The railroad changed America. It changed travel. It changed work. It is some of the country’s best work.

Level D/E/F


History of the RailroadAmerica was a new land in the 1800s. Travel was hard. People walked. People

rode horses. People rode in wagons. Then, the railroad was built.The railroad started in the East. Most people lived there. In 1826, in

Massachusetts, a railroad was built. It carried rocks. Soon, more tracks were built. They went west. They reached Ohio. They reached the Erie Canal. The trains carried cargo. They carried people, too.

The first trains were pulled by horses. The steam engine came next. Train travel changed. It was faster. People liked these trains! Soon they were everywhere. They went north and south. They went east and west.

Train travel was not comfy at first. The seats were hard. The ride was bumpy. There was no air conditioning. There was no heat. More railroads were built. Soon they crossed the country. This railroad had a special name. It was the Transcontinental Railroad. It was the fastest way to travel.

The railway was built in all kinds of weather. Men built it. They worked in rain. They worked in heat. They worked in snow! It was hard. It was dangerous. They had to use gunpowder. They had to blast through mountains. Native Americans did not help. They did not like the spread of the railway. They would attack the men. But the work went on.

The last spike was put into the railroad. It was called the Golden Spike. It had taken years of work! At last, it was done. The railway crossed the country!

The Golden Spike is still around. It’s in a museum. You can go see it. It’s in California.

The railroad changed America. It changed travel. It changed business. It is one of the country’s greatest feats.

Level H/I


Nellie’s Trip Out West Nellie pinched herself. Was this real? She was riding a train! She was going from New York to California. She was excited. “I am lucky,” she told herself. Nellie’s family was moving to California. Her father had bought a farm. It was by the Pacific Ocean. They must travel 2000 miles to get there. They would take the Transcontinental Railroad. It took people and goods. It seemed everyone traveled this way in 1875! At the station, Nellie looked at the Iron Horse. That was what the train was called. It was big! She climbed the steps. She got in the rail car. There were wooden seats on both sides. There were seats with padding. Nellie’s family was in the first class car. It cost more to ride there. They all sat on the fancy seats. A railroad worker yelled, “All aboard!” The train bucked forward. Nellie squealed! The trip would take four or five days. Nellie looked out of the window. She watched for hours. Towns went by. She saw plains. She saw mountains. Rivers and lakes went by. There were so many animals, too. They ate from Mother’s basket. It was filled with food. The train had beds. They were in the Pullman car. They would not sleep there. It cost too much. They slept on the benches. The train got hot. It got cold. The bumpy ride made everyone sore. When the train pulled into the station in California, she hopped down. Her father said, “Welcome to your new home, Nellie.” “Thank you for this grand experience, Papa," Nellie said. And she really meant it.

Nellie’s Trip Out West Nellie pinched herself. She wanted to be sure this was real. She was taking a train ride. She was traveling from New York to California. She was excited. “I am lucky,” she told herself.

Nellie’s family was moving to California. Her father had bought a farm. It was by the Pacific Ocean. They must travel 2000 miles to get there. They would take the Transcontinental Railroad. It carried people and cargo. It seemed everyone traveled this way in 1875!

At the railroad station Nellie looked up at the Iron Horse. It was big! She climbed the steps. She entered the rail car. It had wooden seats on both sides. There were seats with cushions. They were in the first-class part of the train. It cost more money to ride on those. Nellie and her family moved to the fancy seats. They sat down.

A railroad worker yelled, “All aboard!” The train lurched forward. Nellie was so excited! The trip would take four or five days. Nellie watched out the window for hours. Towns went by. Plains went by. Mountains went by. They passed rivers and lakes. Nellie saw many kinds of animals. Mother had packed a big basket of food. They would eat when they got hungry.

The train had beds. They were in the Pullman car. But it cost too much to sleep in them. So, Nellie and her family slept on the benches.

Sometimes it was hot on the train. Sometimes it was cold. The bumpy ride made everyone sore. When the train pulled into the station in California, she hopped down. Her father said, “Welcome to your new home, Nellie.”

Level L/MLevel J/K

History of the Railroad America was a new land in the 1800s. Travel was hard. People walked. People rode horses. People rode in wagons. Then the railroad came to America.

The railroad started in the East. That is where most people lived. A railroad track was built in 1826 in Massachusetts. It carried rocks. Soon, more railroad tracks were built. They went west into Ohio and to the Erie Canal. The trains carried cargo. They carried people, too. The first trains were pulled by horses. Then the steam engine was invented. This made train travel better. Soon trains were everywhere. They were going in all directions – north, south, east, and west.

Train travel was not comfortable at first. The seats were hard. The ride was bumpy. There was no air conditioning. There were no bathrooms. More railroads were built. They soon stretched across the country. This was called the Transcontinental Railroad. It was the fastest way to travel.

Railway laborers worked in all kinds of weather. It did not matter if it was hot or cold, rainy or sunny. It was dangerous work, too. They had to blast mountains.

Sometimes, Native Americans would attack the laborers. They did not like the Iron Horse. That is what they called the railroad. Finally, the last spike was hammered into the railroad. It was called the Golden

Spike. Now the railway ran all the way across the United States. The Golden Spike is preserved at a museum in California. The railroad

changed America. It changed the way people traveled. It changed the way people did business. It is one of America's greatest achievements.


Nellie’s Trip Out WestNellie pinched herself for the hundredth time. Could this be real? “Am I really going to get to

ride on a train from New York to California?” She could hardly contain herself. Without a doubt she was the luckiest seven-year-old girl in the world.

You see, Nellie’s family was moving across the country. Her father had bought some land right on the ocean, and they were all going to live in this new place. But first, there was the chance to ride in a rail car for two thousand miles. The year was 1875, and by now the Transcontinental Railroad had been finished years before. People and cargo were moving everywhere. Why, it seemed no one stayed still anymore!

When they got to the train station, Nellie looked up at the big, black Iron Horse. Then she climbed the sturdy steel steps and entered the inside of a car with wooden seats on both sides. Most were made out of wood and rather uncomfortable to sit in after a while. But in the first class section, the seats had padding. The family made their way to that section and plopped down.

Soon, a railway worker yelled, “All aboard!” The train lurched forward, and they were off. Nellie shivered with excitement. The conductor had told them the trip could take four or five days, barring any problems. So Nellie settled in by the window for a long, long ride. It was amazing, too. She hardly left her seat for hours as plains and mountains, rivers and lakes passed by. She saw nearly every kind of animal you could think of. Sometimes when the train stopped, people would be selling food. But not always. Mother had packed a very large basket of food that was meant to last a week.

Even though there were sleeping cars, called Pullmans, on the train, Nellie’s family slept sprawled out on the benches. It cost more to rent a bed, and the family was trying to save money.

Some days it was cold on the train, like when they were in the mountains. Other times it was hot. By the end of the trip, Nellie was sore from the bumpy ride, but knew it was an experience she would never forget. When the train pulled into the station in California, she hopped down. Her father said, “Welcome to your new home, Nellie”.

“Thank you for this wonderful experience, Papa,” Nellie said. And she really meant it.

History of the Railroad Travel was not always fast and easy in the United States. Long ago, people walked, rode horses, or traveled by wagon. Then the railroad came to America. It slowly changed the country.

America did not stretch from coast to coast in the past. First, there were thirteen colonies. Slowly, people continued to move across the land. In 1826, a railroad was built in Massachusetts. It hauled rocks. Soon more railroads were built further west. They reached to the Erie Canal and Ohio. Some of these carried freight, or cargo. Others began to carry people. The first trains were pulled by horses! Then the steam locomotive was invented. Modern travel would never be the same. Railways began to pop up in all directions around the country. They carried people and goods from all directions.

In the 1800s, trains weren’t too comfortable. They weren’t air conditioned. They weren’t heated in the winter. The seats were hard. The ride was bumpy. But it was a much quicker way to travel than walking or using a wagon! By the 1850s, America planned to expand all the way across the nation. That meant laying tracks from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast. It was known as the Transcontinental Railroad.

Railway workers built the tracks in all kinds of weather. They didn’t stop, even during storms.

Tunnels were blasted in the mountains. Native Americans did not like the spread of the railways. They fought against them. But the railway grew. In 1869, the last spike was driven in. It was called the Golden Spike. The railway now went from coast to coast.

The spike is still on display in California. The railroad changed America. It changed the way people traveled. It changed business. It is one of the country’s greatest achievements.

Level P/Q


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Documents

History of the Railroad Close Reading - Amazon S3 · 2018-08-30 · reading of our text on History of the Railroad. Read the passage again and use your annotation marks (thinking