History of the Nomination Process & Presidential Elections MT. 4, LT. 2

History of the Nomination Process & Presidential

ElectionsMT. 4, LT. 2

1800 – “Revolution” of 1800

Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) defeats Adams (Federalist)

First peaceful transfer of power

First Political Party System

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=PhVAq7AiHJ7TAM&tbnid=zyEZaTDnDu7pQM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/johnadams&ei=sHiCUcTwHamqiQLq-oGABg&bvm=bv.45960087,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNFfW3iJ8jyB9UedqCwOvcZwQjbahg&ust=1367591469225426

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=IVLkufYcWFBqpM&tbnid=LQzaNsoMcmROUM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/thomasjefferson&ei=x3iCUeGFGuiSiAKCvIDQDA&bvm=bv.45960087,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNFhWzYT52aInLilTGdK05KVzNAjPQ&ust=1367591492369574

1804 – 12th Amendment

Required separate votes for President and Vice President

Ensured Pres. & V.P. came from same party

Last major reform to the Electoral College

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=iczpPRyuD-RyuM&tbnid=dcQqs-kqgik1dM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.biography.com/people/thomas-jefferson-9353715&ei=1XiCUcqsK-nLigLBrIGYCw&bvm=bv.45960087,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNFhWzYT52aInLilTGdK05KVzNAjPQ&ust=1367591492369574

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=FWQ6BrJizY9RjM&tbnid=ljNjNtHWlvezJM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Burr&ei=73iCUaP_F-q5iwKVrYCwCQ&bvm=bv.45960087,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNHjM4dmR-zDjWolWDH3SlP1BPkOXw&ust=1367591530065951

1824 – The “Corrupt Bargain”

John Q. Adams defeats Andrew Jackson

Last time a “tie” election was decided by the House of Representatives

Splits Democratic-Republicans into Second Party System = Whigs vs. Democrats

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=9ZFwJ5JvZuhwMM&tbnid=9frMhzQpSo1G2M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/johnquincyadams&ei=B3mCUfCNNYGgiQKFrYG4AQ&bvm=bv.45960087,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNG6uEa86xpelqgbONQndN4RDn-Xpw&ust=1367591555922348

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=GT4k5Dold0xxsM&tbnid=bN3DIU2HWoS5_M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/andrewjackson&ei=HnmCUcPLD4rBigKgo4DYBw&bvm=bv.45960087,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNHJbJbtII5PW1hkO9fcJVmuUwqTww&ust=1367591577828019

1832 – First Nominating Conventions

Democrats hold first nominating convention

Re-nominate President Andrew Jackson

Ensured party unity behind one candidate

Conventions would be dominated by party leaders and political machine bosses

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=3nnvghkKiL-hTM&tbnid=tBSlMacgihs9HM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://myloc.gov/Exhibitions/lincoln/rise/TheRunforPresident/RoadtotheNomination/ExhibitObjects/Conventionof1860.aspx?Enlarge=true&ImageId=80c0f443-c812-4a43-b89d-fc8a14edcc85%3A29d29969-957e-4ab7-8c43-34c7585951bd%3A51&PersistentId=1%3A80c0f443-c812-4a43-b89d-fc8a14edcc85%3A5&ReturnUrl=%2FExhibitions%2Flincoln%2Frise%2FTheRunforPresident%2FRoadtotheNomination%2FExhibitObjects%2FConventionof1860.aspx&ei=TnmCUcbREaayigL-9YHICw&bvm=bv.45960087,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNHDqDgehI2rbfy7auyHiTh_Fc-t0A&ust=1367591606118122

1856-1860 – Beginnings of Modern Political Party Era

Republicans formed as an anti-slavery party

Abraham Lincoln becomes first Republican president

Start of Third Party System = Republicans vs. Democrats

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=O3dNKrWKcYGzVM&tbnid=J0u6u6rkphCQBM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/abrahamlincoln&ei=e3mCUfnrNujsiQLe3oCwBA&bvm=bv.45960087,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNGyXOgr8GaxaFcY6ZTCbtrQAgP_AA&ust=1367591660241127

1910 – First Primary Elections

Began as a Progressive Era Reform

Allowed voters a say in the selection of party candidates

Considered more democratic = took power away from party leadership

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=A9RyGA8y3JOjbM&tbnid=HeIIc_kPtIVZGM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.brooklynews.com/091412-nys-primary-elections-results-brooklyn/&ei=pHmCUYyICImoiAKG-IDADg&bvm=bv.45960087,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNGiw4KsVQm5lPmDPNvgqaGe9Osaig&ust=1367591704085369

1920 – Women’s Suffrage

19th Amendment gives women the right to vote

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=_crMYT9HBTMK3M&tbnid=VurJcEmPw1wUSM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://thegoodearth-kowalski-bore.wikispaces.com/Historical+Context-+19th+Amendment&ei=33mCUcuFB5H2igLtiYD4Cg&bvm=bv.45960087,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNHit19PEd0kCMjnLBxfQFhQh9IC1Q&ust=1367591756631396

1952 – The Television Era

Candidate Dwight Eisenhower runs the first campaign ad

“I Like Ike”Further weakened

party control over elections

More focus on the individual candidate and their “image”

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=b0f-bWPDHNbvPM&tbnid=XOYSubTKgmV58M:&ved=0CAgQjRwwAA&url=http://www.ioffer.com/i/56962951&ei=SHqCUeLxDsbpiwLTl4G4CQ&psig=AFQjCNGwNfMvaHb11fQUwDqM8wv4GJUHPw&ust=1367591880285592

1960 – First Televised Debates

Candidates John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon debate face-to-face on television

Better performance on TV gives JFK narrow win

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=ZJ15ahGPa3tmAM&tbnid=WQUcr6kLWA61rM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/72233/Democratic-presidential-candidate-John-F-Kennedy-debates-Republican-Richard-M&ei=1XqCUZKhB-SviALEoYHQDQ&psig=AFQjCNFC4NF0pLZ2u6flU5n8vmFMaSeAyQ&ust=1367591994711837

1965 – Voting Rights for African-Americans

15th Amendment had granted right to vote to Blacks

Voting Rights Act of 1965 removed legal barriers

Ban on literacy tests and poll taxes

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=QbweyXRgbExGWM&tbnid=ZkbxIi6u0Spp4M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://thebelltowers.com/2013/03/26/shelby-county-v-holder-the-future-of-section-5-of-the-voting-rights-act-of-1965/&ei=V3uCUZLIGcOniQKI_IHYDg&psig=AFQjCNFlZ8KpuD9ASbe8TRxW21GKTUKz3A&ust=1367592089904940

1992-1996 – The New Media

Bill Clinton = first candidate to use “new media”

First use of Internet for campaigning

Social Media = Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=vV43fJVqaJl20M&tbnid=_UICpUT1pEkeWM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/media-migraine/2012/jun/18/woof-arsenio-hall-comes-back-host-new-tv-talk-show/&ei=KXyCUfiqKeG1iwK3m4DwCA&psig=AFQjCNHOnXoPRIb2wFW4L8Y1wJuM_69RWg&ust=1367592264754362

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Z2pVPYM8T-b_jM&tbnid=MyuJjOCev0TkfM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/williamjclinton&ei=gnyCUairC6qLiwKW9oHYCg&psig=AFQjCNHWToS8YQ8-ymGM7qE9HxZXjpgcOQ&ust=1367592413812947

2000 – The Disputed Election

George W. Bush is elected President despite losing popular vote

Renewed criticisms of the Electoral College system

Nominations & Elections Today

Primary Elections

Then:- Party bosses chose

party nominees- Delegates controlled

by political machinesNow:- Most states hold

primary elections- Voters decide party

nominees- Progressive era reform

Nomination Process

Nominating Convention

- First held by Democrats under Andrew Jackson

- Delegates choose a Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidate

- Party Platform* *statement of party’s goals and principles

Electoral College

President actually chosen by Electoral College

- state’s electoral vote = Representatives + Senators

- Winner take all system

- President can lose popular vote and win electoral vote

Summary

Primary elections narrow down field of candidates

Long primary “season” = low voter turnout

Nominating conventions less important

Despite criticisms, Electoral College remains important

Candidates focus on “battleground” states

Documents

History of the Nomination Process & Presidential Elections MT. 4, LT. 2