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History of the Nike Swoosh:
The Nike Swoosh is one of the most recognized symbols in the world. Simple, fluid, fast. Designed by Carolyn Davidson in 1971, the logo first carried the Nike name. Ultimately the logo became so recognizable that the name Nike was dropped from the design. In today’s marketing, many Nike ads never even mention the company name…the swoosh is enough.
This is known as advertising:
Advertising is attempting to influence the behavior or beliefs of your target market (i.e. customer or client) by providing a persuasive selling message about your products and/or services. The purpose is to persuade us to believe in something or to do something that we would not normally believe or do.
What is propaganda?
Propaganda is the spreading of false information to purposely mislead people.
Propaganda shares techniques with advertising. Advertising can be thought of as propaganda that promotes a commercial product or shapes the perception of an organization, person or brand.
Nazi propaganda was used to instill Nazi racist ideology and to change patterns of traditional behavior. Focusing on the major enemy (the Jew), the Nazis used false claims, deceptions and outright lies to justify and gain support for their murderous policies. Propaganda infiltrated all aspects of society including education, books, games, radio and movies. The average German was bombarded with Nazi ideology every minute of every day.
propaganda As generally understood, propaganda is opinion
expressed for the purpose of influencing actions of individuals or groups.
More formally, the Institute for Propaganda Analysis has defined propaganda as "expression of opinion or action by individuals or groups deliberately designed to influence opinions or actions of other individuals or groups with reference to predetermined ends."
Propaganda thus differs fundamentally from scientific analysis. The propagandist tries to "put something across," good or bad. The scientist does not try to put anything across; he/she devotes his/her life to the discovery of new facts and principles.
The propagandist seldom wants careful scrutiny and criticism; his/her object is to bring about a specific action. The social scientist, on the other hand, is always prepared for and wants the most careful scrutiny and criticism of his/her facts and ideas. Science flourishes on criticism. Propaganda crumbles before it.
In our age of advanced technology (with so much information), it is
often difficult to distinguish truth from opinion.
As Anthony Pratkanis and Elliot Aronson point out, "every day we are bombarded with one persuasive communication after another. These appeals persuade not through the give-and-take of argument and debate, but through the manipulation of symbols and of our most basic human emotions. For better or worse, ours is an age of propaganda." (Pratkanis and Aronson, 1991)
German/Nazi Propaganda Posters Posters were an important propaganda tool.
The imagery helped “plant” suggestions in people’s minds.
Effective propaganda almost always works below the level of consciousness, leaving its target feeling a powerful belief that he/she “knows” the position is true; a position that he/she is certain was arrived completely on his/her own.
It also does not exist in a vacuum. Much of its effectiveness comes through constant repetition.
You are about to see TEN (10) classic posters from the Nazi era. You are to work in small groups to see if you can
spot the messages that they were trying to suggest.
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HINT: Nothing was ever put in the posters by accident. Everything carried a message.
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They were carefully crafted distortions and misrepresentations in an orchestrated campaign of
misinformation.
Slide #1
[The Eternal Jew: grand political exhibition at the German Museum in Munich beginning November 8, 1937]
Slide #2
'Your Own KdF-Car' poster, 1939 ©
Slide #3
“The seed of peace, not dragon's teeth” cartoon of Hitler, from the magazine Kladderadatsch,
22 March 1936 ©
Slide #4
The German Student Fights for the Fuhrer
(Hitler) and the Nation (and the people).
Slide #5
Support relief for
mother and child
This poster probably dates to the mid-1930's.
Slide #6
"[If] You need advice or help, turn to your 'local group.”
“The Nazi Party safeguards the People of the
Nation”
Slide #7
"We build body and soul"
“Country, Work, Service”
Poster from mid to late 1930's
Slide #8
"Long live Germany!"
Poster after 1936
Slide #9
Germ
(April 15, 1943, issue of Der Sturmer)
…from Julius Streicher's Der Stürmer. Streicher, one of Hitler's earliest followers, published the paper from 1923 to 1945. During the Third Reich, Stürmer display cases were found all over Germany.
The Jew carries the poison of the weak. A syndrome (sickness) emerges and is causing this downward spiral. However our blood is pure. We (true Germans) are healthy! (loose translation)
Slide #10
The caption:
“The Jew: The inciter of war, the prolonger of war.”
This poster was released in late 1943 or early 1944.
Courtesy of Dr. Robert D. Brooks.
OK – go to work!
In groups, try to “find” what messages are
being conveyed.
Here is
an
example
…
The Crusader w/ cross – based in the belief that Christ would return to earth for a 1000 year period. (the white saint?)
Multi-headed red snakes – stars of David, Protocols of Zion,
KDP=Christian Democratic Party, SDP=Social Democratic Party, RF=Republican Front?
The white countryside with a cross on its side – Nazism found its roots in the peasantry/agriculture
The soldier (uniform - authority, Swastika on belt) “draped” in the robe w/ the Swastika (powerful symbol)
Crusader = St. Michael slaying the 3-headed dragon (direct/saintly connection to God ???)
The connection of the Nazi soldier and the Crusader
Arm around Nazi soldier
The Multi-headed dragon is a well-known image from Christianity – St. Michael and the Dragon (good v. evil/Satanic forces).
Nazi propaganda often portrayed WWII as a war for Christianity.
Your turn…
Look for all the blatant and subtle messages.
Eternal Jew
The hand is begging for money – Jews were accused of greed (money lenders w/ extortionist interest rates)(gold coins – selling out Germany?)
The print type is somewhat hieroglyphic, occult, and satanic-looking (Hebraic form of German – implying Jewish control of Germany)
He is holding a whip. He is a ‘slave-driver’ (cruelty, suspicion that the gold coins were ill-got).
There is a hammer and sickle on a map of the western part of the USSR – suggests a link between Jews and Communism *
He is hunched over/physically different/misshapen – suggests Jews are not normal (demonic in appearance – “spawn of the devil; killers of Christ)
The poster for the 'Eternal Jew' exhibition, 1937 ©
* There is some debate what is in his hand...some have said land, others have said a heart (look at the shape)...in other words taking the heart out of good loyal Germans. Jews – inherently disloyal, perpetrators of foreign plots . . . .
#1The Jew is infecting the country w/ Communism
Entrance to "The Eternal Jew" exhibitionThis photograph shows the entrance to "The Eternal Jew" exhibition when it
travelled for display in Vienna, in German-annexed Austria. The poster appears on the Vienna railway station building. Vienna, Austria, August 1938.
USHMM, courtesy of Morris Rosen
Your Own Car
'Your Own KdF-Car' poster, 1939 ©
The woman is blond haired and dressed conservatively. This is a typical Nazi view of women (no make up/natural look – white teeth)
They are obviously happy with this lifestyle
The mountains suggest a link between Germans and the rural ideal (also symbolize the pure Nordic roots of Nazism)
Nazi policies are associated with wealth and a good lifestyle
The VW beetle was designed by Otto Porsche & Hitler
#2
The seed of peace not dragon’s teeth
“The seed of peace, not dragon's teeth” cartoon of Hitler, from the magazine Kladderadatsch, 22 March 1936 ©
There is an angel. This suggests that German greatness is a positive thing and not a threat
The imagery is quite deliberate. It is based on a parable in the Bible in which a man sows seeds. Suggests a link between Hitler and God
Hitler = Jesus
Hitler is walking on a map of Europe, eastward
The archangel Gabriel – announcing a new order?
#3
German Students Fight for Hitler and Nation
Blonde hair, athletic, fit, strong, good looking
This young man is blonde haired and well-dressed.
This is a typical Nazi view of young men
The Nazi flag is prominently displayed.
A sense of power is conveyed.
The word “VOLK” (folk) (people) is used.
The word, “Kampft”- struggle or fight.
All students were forced to join the Hitler Youth – Boy Scouts declared a Jewish plot.
#4
Farming in background – church in background
Role of the woman is to be a mother (blonde, strong, bear children)
Nazi partySymbol (NJ = National Socialist Jugend – youth movement)
It promotes the Nazi charitable organization (the NSV). The text: "Support the assistance program for mothers and children."
Hitler pointed out that unemployment in 1933 was equivalent to the number of women who came into the workforce since 1914. Average family size was supposed to have 4 children. Peasants were the backbone of society.
Sun = halo
#5
The caption loosely translates as, "The National Socialist Party will save the people's community. The people's community will then turn to you and the party." Posters of this type illustrate the disconnect between the party rhetoric and the reality of party policy.
The Aryan Family (white, blonde, attractive, blue-eyed, happy) (farm family) – without the German inscriptions, this image might be mistaken from a Norman Rockwell painting.
The “strong” eagle (power) – almost a “wing of an angel?” (protecting this wholesome/ideal German family)
The idea of a "Volksgemeinschaft," a community of the people, had a very powerful, very idealistic appeal, comparable to the idealistic appeal that some communist groups were attempting to make at the same time.
The analogy is suggested by the use of the word "Volksgenossen," literally "comrades," a term widely used by the Soviet Communist Party at the time.
The slogan on the poster reads "[If] You need advice or help, turn to your 'local group.” In other words, the suggestion is "We are here to help."
#6
The family is engulfed by the Nazi party (their guardian) – the eagle towers over them, and stares intently off in the distance.
Only the little girl isn’t looking at the baby but rather looking at us – in a way INVITING us into the circle.
Depiction of the "pure Aryan" family, 1938
A depiction of the "pure Aryan" family on the cover of the 1938 calendar published by Neues Volk, the magazine of the Nazi Party's Race Political Office. Note the eagle hovering in the background.
Strong/fit youth (blonde, blue-eyed) – the future of Germany
Conveys the message of Germany being united
It promotes the Nazi labor service, for which men were expected to volunteer. The caption: "We build body and soul."
The goal of the Reich Labor Force was to train and teach through regimented exercise, work and sports (train young
men for the military).
#7
“Country, Work, Service”
This poster makes a direct Christological comparison. Just as a dove descended on Christ when he was baptized by John the Baptist, so what looks to be an eagle hovers against the light of heaven over an idealized Hitler. The text: "Long live Germany!."
A strong, numerous, and united Germany –
power granted from God.
Oak leaf border = symbol of strength and longevity in Nazi iconography
Sun = halo
#8
Der Stürmer was probably the most infamous newspaper in history. For twenty-two years every issue denounced Jews in crude, vicious, and vivid ways. Although Streicher employed a large staff by the end of the 1930s, he always had the final say, "Streicher and the Stürmer, they are one and the same," he would say proudly.
#9
Jew = a germ (or) a sickness!
Jews = root of all evil
Microscope = indication that Jews were “hiding something.” If you examine them closely, you will find that they are really poisoning the good German!
Jews (Stars of David), Capitalists (dollar signs), and Communists (hammer & sickle) are ALL part of the disease under inspection!
Jews = bad blood
Scapegoat for the decline of Germany?
Remember that Germany was the leader in science and medicine – microscope legitimizes that Jews are contaminating Germany!
The individual is portrayed as ugly, grotesque, and somewhat demonic.
The Jew is behind the curtain (hiding) (scheming against the state).
The fire in the background – they are destroying our way of life – or – this is what should happen to them??????
Large nose, protruding chin, sinister eyes…. The Jew is a traitor/serious threat to the homeland.
Clenched fists…power in numbers
#10
What is revealed behind the
curtain?
The End
"If you tell a lie big enough and keep repeating it people will
eventually come to believe it."
-- Joseph Goebbels Nazi Propaganda Minister
“We have made the Reich by propaganda.”
~ Joseph Goebbels (1897-1945)
German politician, minister of propaganda, member of Hitler’s cabinet council
PROPAGANDA(Trying to persuade people to do or believe
in something)
CINEMAThe Nazis made hundreds of
films that carried Nazi messages. Anti-Jewish films were also made. Because
Cinema was very popular, Nazi messages were very effective.
RADIOGoebbels (the man in charge of Propaganda) used Radio
to broadcast Hitler’s speeches and Nazi
messages. Foreign radio stations were banned.
NEWSPAPERSGoebbels made sure that
newspapers printed favourable stories about the Nazis. Those that did
not were closed down.
POSTERSThe Nazis produced thousands of posters that were designed to
persuade people to think or believe in the Nazis
RALLIESThese were impressive gatherings of German people who went to
listen to Hitler’s speeches
Nazi Nazi PropagandaPropagandaHow can such a monstrous crime as the Holocaust occur? It
begins when people start thinking of themselves as “us” and of others as “them”.
-Ted Gottfried, Deniers of the Holocaust
• The Hitler Youth• Education in Nazi Germany• Media• 1936 Olympics in Berlin
The Hitler Youth
"Youth Serves the Fuëhrer. All ten-year-
olds join the Hitler Youth."
“All girls join us.”
GIRLS German Girl’s League, Bund Deutscher Mädel
(BDM)
BOYS Hitler Youth,
Hitlerjügend (HJ)
• The Hitler Youth• Education in Nazi
Germany• Media• 1936 Olympics in Berlin
Nazi Nazi PropagandaPropagandaGerman educators were warping pliable young minds in order to mold
obedient young monsters. - Erika Mann, School for Barbarians
“The Jewish Question is the Key to World History.”
Education in Nazi GermanyThe foundation of every state is the education of its youth. -
Diogenes
Werner May, Deutscher National-Katechismus 2nd edition (Breslau:
Verlag von Heinrich Handel, 1934), pp.
22-26
The German National Catechism for Young
Germans in School and on the Job:
“Which race must the National Socialist race fight against?
The Jewish race.
Why?
The goal of the Jew is to make himself the ruler of humanity. Wherever he comes, he destroys works of culture. He is not a creative spirit, rather a destructive spirit.”
The teacher begins and ends the instruction by leading the assembled
students in the greeting: The teacher raises the right arm and
declares “Heil Hitler.” The students raise their right arms
and respond Heil Hitler.”
Raising the Swastika Flag at a school in Berlin.
Typical School Day
Math Problems Twisted to Promote Nazi Ideology
According to careful estimates there are 300,000 mentallyill persons, epileptics, etcetera in long-term care facilities in Germany.
What is the total yearly cost of their care assuming daily costs of 4 RM per person?
How many marriage loans for 1,000 RM each could be madeyearly with this money?
The Jews are aliens in Germany.
In 1933 there were 66,060,000 inhabitants of the German Reich, of whom 499,682 were Jews.
What is the percentage of aliens?
Changes in the Curriculum
Excerpt from this Nazi Biology Textbook for Middle School Students:
As we have already noted, people do not live as individuals
like animals and plants, but as peoples,which largely have come together
as ethnic states. We know something similar only with insects. Bees and ants
are not only the sum of individuals;each individual shares a united drive
in service of the entire group….The ethnic state must demand of each
individual citizen that he does everything for the good of the whole, each in his place and with his abilities.
See Marie Harm and Hermann Wiehle, Lebenskunde für Mittelschulen. Fünfter Teil. (Halle: Hermann
Schroedel Verlag, 1942), pp. pp. 168-173.
Math Book for First Grade, Hirt Publishing, 1937.
The Poisonous Mushroom
“The Experience of Hans and Else with a Strange
Man”
“How To Tell A Jew ““How Jewish Traders Cheat”
“The Poisonous Mushroom”
Popular children’s board game, “Juden Raus!” (Jews Out).By throwing dice, the winner manages to get six Jews out of their homes and
businesses (the circles) and on the road to Palestine. It sold over a million copies in 1938, when Nazi policy was forced Jewish emigration.
Racial instruction is to begin with the youngest pupils (six years of age) in accordance with the Führer’s instruction that no boy or girl should leave
school without complete knowledge of the necessity and meaning of blood purity.
- Bernhard Rust, Reich Minister for Science & Education
Additions to the Curriculum: Teaching Nazi Racial Ideology
Classroom chart entitled "German Youth, Jewish Youth." Published in a
textbook on heredity, genealogy, and racial studies.
Two Jewish children humiliated in front of the classroom. The blackboard reads: "The
Jews are our greatest enemy! Beware of Jews."
Throwing grenades as a school sport.
Education in a general way is to be the preparation for later army service. The Army will then not
need, as has hitherto been the case, to give the young man a grounding
in the simplest exercises and rules….
it should rather change the young man, already physically
perfect, into a soldier.
- Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf
Additions to the Curriculum:Teaching War Oriented Sports
Battle Ball (Kampfball)
• The Hitler Youth• Education in Nazi Germany• Media• 1936 Olympics in Berlin
Nazi Nazi PropagandaPropagandaAny lie, frequently told, will gradually gain acceptance.
– Adolf Hilter, Mein Kampf
Media-Newspaper
“Der Stürmer“, an antisemitic tabloid, was posted on billboards for all to read, under the heading: Die Juden sind unser Unglück (The Jews are our Misfortune).Völkischer
Beobachter, (“People's
Observer”), daily newspaper published
by the Nazi Party in Germany from the 1920’s until 1945.
Media-Radio
"All Germany hears the Führer on the People's Receiver." The Nazis, eager to encourage radio listenership, developed an inexpensive radio receiver to make it possible for as many as possible to hear Nazi propaganda.
Free distribution of radios in honor of Joseph Goebbel’s birthday. Berlin, October 29, 1938.
Media-Film
The Eternal Jew, the most famous Nazi propaganda film.
Jew Pests, a film aimed at influencing
audiences to hate Jews.
A propaganda film designed by Nazis
for Nazis.
Media-Posters
"Healthy Parents have Healthy Children."
Nazi propaganda poster encouraging healthy
Germans to have large families.
For young men, service to the totalitarian state meant fighting the Fuhrer's wars, but for women service meant producing racially
pure children for the Reich.
• The Hitler Youth• Education in Nazi Germany• Media• 1936 Olympics in Berlin
Nazi Nazi PropagandaPropaganda
Propaganda has absolutely nothing to do with the truth. - Josef Goebbels
1936 Olympics in Berlin
Jesse Owens' medal ceremony for the long jump.
Spectators salute Adolf Hitler during the games.
The torch lighting ceremony. German spectators spell out the phrase,
directed at Adolf Hitler, "Wir gehoeren Dir" [We belong to you].
Two propaganda versions of Adolf Hitler show the German dictator from opposite viewpoints. A pro-Hitler poster, left, portrays him as a heroic warrior crowned with a halo of light. An anti-Hitler cartoon, right, pictures him as a ridiculous, loudmouthed tyrant. (U.S. Army Center of Military History; National Archives, Collection U.S. Office of War Information)
Courtesy Fleming Companies @. 1984 SCOTT. FORESMAN & COMPANY
Fleming, which has distributed the posters to IGA, Thriftway, Piggly Wiggly, United Super and hundreds of other supermarkets across the country, said that the striking resemblance is only coincidence. “We’re not trying to send out any subliminal Nazi messages,” says spokesperson Cheryl Hudak.
Red Meat and Red Faces
Newsweek, June 27, 1988
Propaganda today?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NGNyc_LlJhs
BBC - The World at War (Document from WWII - 4 minute video)
Jews are not wanted here. / "Juden! Sind hier unerwuenscht."
Image: "The Jewish peril. Protocols of wise Zion." The Protocols of the Elders of Zion was a forgery used to incite antisemitism about the protocols of the Elders of Zion (French edition). The Protocols discuss a Jewish plot to infiltrate sections of civilization.
Date: 1903
1992 Russian edition of the Protocols
An Arabic edition of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion published in Egypt in 2003, on sale in London.
This Spanish-language edition declares that whether or not one believes the Protocols are authentic, history has demonstrated that Zionists intend to dominate the world. Such “logic” is a common response to the many exposures of the Protocols as fraudulent. Published in Mexico City, 2005.— Credit: USHMM Collection
The hand of the Jew controls… money, the papacy, communism, the freemasons, and the Nazi German!
Protocols of the Elders of Zion
Although fewer than 1,000 of Japan’s 128 million residents are Jewish, millions of books based on the Protocols have been sold there. In this edition, antisemitic ideologue Ota Ryu claims that Jews dominate the Western nations and that Japan must guard vigilantly against a Jewish takeover. Published in Tokyo, 2004.— Credit: USHMM Collection
This Syrian edition of the Protocols claims that the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, were orchestrated by a Zionist conspiracy. The final chapter predicts the eventual destruction of the State of Israel. Published in Damascus, Syria, 2005.— Credit: USHMM Collection, gift of the Embassy of Israel
Comments/Questions???
Mark L. LagergrenCentral High School531 Morse StreetNorwood Young America, MN 55368
[email protected] (High School Office)952.467.7140 (Voice Mail)
