History of School-Based History of School-Based Law EnforcementLaw Enforcement

Presenter - InstructorPresenter - Instructor• George D. Little, Director ICJSGeorge D. Little, Director ICJS

• Law Enforcement Qualifications39-years in LE & CP Experience (Jan 2011 – 40 years)4-College degrees 1-additional pending (Masters in CT)Master Peace Officer licenseCertified Crime Prevention Specialist TCLEOSE Certified Instructor19-years working as an SRO/D.A.R.E. Officer in schools

• Current or former LE AffiliationDeputy Chief PCT 4 (BCCO) INTEL,CT and Training)Department of Justice TWG School Safety & SecurityRetired U.S. Army MP 1SG/E-8 (ABN) 20-years honorable serviceRetired Bexar County Deputy Sheriff (Due to Injuries – hit by car)

• Contact Info: (gl20@txstate.edu)Cell: (210) 379-4919Office: (512) 245-6233

LEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVES1. Participant will learn (acquire knowledge) and explain

the origins and history of Law Enforcement related to working in a school environment.

2. Participant will be able to define and explain the terms SBLE and SBLE Officer

3. Participant will be enabled to explain what we are finding in our schools today.

4. Participant will be enabled to explain the role of a School-Based Law Enforcement Officer in our schools today.

5. Participant will be able enabled to understand and explain basic law enforcement philosophy of P.I.E. (Prevention – Intervention & Enforcement) as it pertains to their role as an SBLE Officer.

6. Participant will be enable to understand and practice positive and effective trends to reduce criminal violations.

• 1950’s Officer Friendly

Flint, Michigan, 1958 first time police assigned to visit schools

Community had a positive attitude towards police• 1960’s undercover officers & beginning of School

Police

Tucson, Arizona, 1963 – goal improve relations

Saginaw, Michigan, 1966 – more than one school

Cincinnati, Ohio, 1969 – minimal LE activity, education focus

MOD Squad (Pete, Julie & Link – TV Series)

Learning Objective #1 History of School-Based Law Enforcement

• 1970’s & 1980’s ExpansionSchool Liaison Officers & Law-related education1969 Dallas ISD began with security guards and established Police Department in 20031971 Clark County Police Department founded

• 1990’s D.A.R.E. other prevention education programs started to appear in schools (D.A.R.E. was developed and delivered in 1993, one of the first programs of its king in the United States)

• 2000’s ISD Police & SRO’s2003 Dallas ISD established Police Department

• The Future – SBLE officers

Learning Objective #1 –Cont’d History of School-Based Law Enforcement

• SBLESBLE refers to SSchool-BBased LLaw EEnforcement, simply put it is law enforcement officers working in; Elementary, Middle (Intermediate), High Schools and includes Junior Colleges, Colleges and/or Universities campuses.

• SBLE OfficerSBLE Officer (Today) is any law enforcement officerany law enforcement officer (certified Texas and TCLEOSE licensed peace officer) to include (State licensed Security Officers) that are assigned to work on any school or college/University campus as explain (defined) previously. (Including but not necessarily limited to: ISD-PD, College/University PD, and/or Deputy Sheriff, Deputy Constable or any City or Municipal Police Officer such as SRO, G.R.E.A.T., D.A.R.E. or Community Policing Officer within he State of Texas).

Learning Objective #2 Define SBLE and SBLE Officer

• Active Threats: Rage/violence incidents

Gang violence

Kids bringing guns and other prohibited items to school

Simple assaults (fighting) to aggravated assaults

Bullying

Bomb Threats

Learning Objective #3Learning Objective #3Our Schools Today

• Active Threats: Rage/violence incidents – Continued:

Narcotic and other Dangerous IncidentsActive Threats to our Teachers (Assaults & Stabbings)Teen Suicide

Learning Objective #3Learning Objective #3Our Schools Today

Learning Objective #3Learning Objective #3Our Schools Today

• Active Shooter Threats Columbine (April 1999)Northern Illinois University (Feb 2008)University of Alabama - Huntsville (Feb 2010)

• Community Policing, SLO’s to SRO’s and now to SBLE’s a strong law enforcement presence.

• Schools mirror society as kids mirror their parents.

Learning Objective #3Learning Objective #3 - Cont - ContInIn Our Schools Today

• Active Threats: Rage/violence incidentsGang violenceKids bringing guns and other prohibited items to schoolSimple assaults (fighting) to aggravated assaultsBullyingBomb ThreatsActive Threats to our Teachers (Assaults & Stabbings)Narcotic and other Dangerous Drug ThreatsTeen Suicides

• Active Shooter Threats Columbine (April 1999)Northern Illinois University (Feb 2008)University Alabama – Huntsville (Feb 2010)

• Community Policing, SLO’s to SRO’s and now to SBLE’s a strong law enforcement presence.

• Schools mirror society

• Build healthy positive relationships

• Provide useful preventionprevention and interventionintervention strategies for students, parents and educators

• Teach positive decision-making skills

• Provide a safe school learning environment

• EnforcementEnforcement verses DisciplineDiscipline

Learning Objective #4Law Enforcement Officers Role In Schools

Learning Objective #4 - Cont Law

Enforcement Officers Role In Schools

• LE comes when called

• School decides when to call

• Emergency Planning w/o LE involvement

• LE role limited to enforcement not discipline

• School see LE involvement as failure

• SBLE officers assigned to campus

• SBLE officer helps decide priorities

• SBLE Officers involved in Assessments & EOP’s

• SBLE’s do P.I.EP.I.E

• School officials welcome SBLE officers as part of solution

OLD SCHOOL Verses NEW SCHOOL OF THOUGHTSOLD SCHOOL Verses NEW SCHOOL OF THOUGHTS

Learning Objective #5 P.I.E. (Role of an SBLE Officer)

• Prevention (Detect and/or Deter Threat)

• Intervention (Delay and/or Deter Threat)

• Enforcement (Deter and/or respond to threat)

Learning Objective #5 (Law Enforcement Philosophy)

• Law enforcement presence Prevention – proactive response to threat

• Problem-solving strategies Intervention – passive (intermediate) response to threat

• Problem-oriented policing Enforcement – reactive force response to Threat

Learning Objective #5 - Cont (Prevention)

• Maintain a visible presence on campus

• Model professional law enforcement standards

• Provide education programs including Conflict, Resolution, and other initiatives (Diversion from Juvenile Justice Intake system)

• Provide staff in-service on public safety issues

• Provide parent programs

• Provide community crime prevention assistance

• CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design)

• Conduct & Assist with safety exercises and drills

Learning Objective #5 - Cont (Intervention)

• Build positive relationships with students, school staff & parents (INTEL)

• Be responsive and alert to student needs

• Bridge school and community services

• Work closely with school staff and alternative intervention programs

• Refer students and parents to counselors

• Participate in School Safety Assessment

• Member of Emergency Operations Team and School Safety TEAM

Learning Objective #5 - Cont (Enforcement)

• Necessity (Last resort to protect human life and/or

destruction of Property)

• Discipline is Principal’s & Staffs responsibility,

however SBLE Office can assist assist not enforce.

• Document and address all criminal criminal violations

• Provide due processdue process for victims and suspects

• Provide emergency law enforcement services to

imminent threatening and dangerous situations

• Participate on Active Shooter Team engage and limit

threat from costing human life (Time = Life)

Learning Objective #6 (New Trends)

• School & Community are ONE• SBLE opportunity for good PR with youth and is

Proactive vs. Reactive• School Officials and SBLE officers need each

other and should work together as a TEAM. • Alternatives to student referrals to (Diversion

from) Juvenile Justice System and Out-Of-School Suspensions ‘ “Keep Kids In SchoolKeep Kids In School” initiatives in lieu of strict enforcement.

• Safe Schools are Learning Schools

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

School-Based Law Enforcement School-Based Law Enforcement Holistic Training Plan & Concept Holistic Training Plan & Concept

An ICJS – TxSSC InitiativeAn ICJS – TxSSC Initiative

First o

f it’s kind

Any where in th

e country

Institute for Criminal Justice StudiesInstitute for Criminal Justice StudiesTexas School Safety Center (TxSSC)Texas School Safety Center (TxSSC)Institute for Criminal Justice StudiesInstitute for Criminal Justice StudiesTexas School Safety Center (TxSSC)Texas School Safety Center (TxSSC)Institute for Criminal Justice StudiesInstitute for Criminal Justice StudiesTexas School Safety Center (TxSSC)Texas School Safety Center (TxSSC)

TxSSC-ICJS SBLE Officer Training Program - Overview

Phase I• 40-hour Basic SBLE Certification Course,

TCLEOSE #3952 (Completed)

• 40-hour Intermediate SBLE Certification Course, TCLEOSE #3953 (Completed)

• 40-hour Advanced SBLE Certification Course, TCLEOSE #3954 (Pending)

• 90-hour Masters SBLE Certification Course, TCLEOSE # 3955 (Pending)

TxSSC-ICJS SBLE Officer Training Program – Overview - Continued

Phase II

• 40-hour Basic SBLE Supervisor Course Part I, (Pending)

• 40-hour Basic SBLE Supervisor Course Part II, (Pending)

Phase III

• 24 to 32-hour SBLE Executive Administrative Management Course (Pending)

TxSSC-ICJS SBLE Officer Training Program – Overview - Continued

Phase IV

• SBLE School Staff Course (Pending)Taught by SBLE Officer

At school staff meeting and at other staff development opportunities

Safety and Security lessonsHow to survive a hostage situation.

Recognition signs of potential violence

Role of SBLE Officer

School Safety Team

INTEL (collecting and passing of INTEL)….More

TxSSC-ICJS SBLE Officer Training Program – Overview - Continued

Phase V

• Student Lessons (Pending)Taught by SBLE Officer

At school during health class and/or at other designated class times as determined by principal.

Safety and Security lessonsDrug Awareness

Bullying

Gang Awareness ( And more………)

TxSSC-ICJS SBLE Officer Training Program – Overview - Continued

Phase VI

• Parent Lessons (Pending)Taught by SBLE Officer

After school or at PTA/PTO meetings.

Safety and Security lessonsDrug Awareness

Drug Intervention & Prevention Strategies

Bullying & Cyber-Bullying (Internet Safety)

Intervention and Prevention Teenage Suicide

Gang Awareness (Intervention & Prevention)

And more………

TxSSC-ICJS SBLE Officer Training Program – Overview - Continued

Phase VII

• On-Line Learning & DVD’sFor SBLE Officers (DVD LE Agencies)

For School Staffs

Students and ParentsLatest Crime Prevention Strategies

Latest Intervention & Prevention Strategies

Reinforcement Lessons (Enhance skill levels and reduce potential liabilities)

And more………

DEFINE & PROCESSDEFINE & PROCESS• Explain the origins and history of Law Enforcement

related to working in a school environment. • Define and explain the terms SBLE and SBLE Officer.• Explain what we are finding in our schools today.• Explain (define) the role of a School-Based Law

Enforcement Officer in our schools today.• Explain the basic law enforcement philosophy of P.I.E.

(Prevention – Intervention & Enforcement) as it pertains to their role as an SBLE Officer.

• What is Prevention?• What is Intervention?• What is Enforcement? • What are some positive and effective trends to reduce

criminal violations.

SOURCESSOURCES• The National Campaign to Prevent School Violence.

(August 20, 2004).

• News Reports• School Crime and Safety: 2007. National Center for

Education Statistics. • United States Secret Service Safe Schools Initiative

(October 2000)• (NIJ/OJP/DOJ Publication No. 170612). Washington,

DC: U.S. Department of Justice• U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department

of Justice (1999). 1999 Annual Report on School Safety.

Course Contact InformationCourse Contact Information

Institute for Criminal Justice Studies (ICJS)Texas School Safety Center (TxSSC)

350 N. Guadalupe, Suite 140, PMB 164San Marcos, Texas 78666.

877-304-2727 www.txssc.txstate.edu/LEwww.txssc.txstate.edu/LE