HISTORY OF REMOTE SENSING

Course: Introduction to RS & DIP

Mirza Muhammad WaqarContact:

mirza.waqar@ist.edu.pk+92-21-34650765-79 EXT:2257

RG610

Outlines

Remote Sensing Early Aerial Photography Bavarian Pigeon Corps Baloon Observations Kites Observations Advancement in Photography

Fill Roll Mounting Camera on Aircraft Aerial Image Analysis Satellite Remote Sensing

Remote Sensing

Acquiring information about an object without being in physical contact with that object.

Remote Sensing is the science and art of obtaining information about an object, area or phenomena through the analysis of data acquired by a devise that is not in contact with the object. (Lillisand, 2007)

Remote Sensing

Remote sensing is defined as the science of Acquiring Processing Interpreting

Images and related data, obtained from aircraft and satellite that record the interaction between metter and electromagnetic radiations. (Floyd, 1999)

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To gain overview of an area

To gather information on large areas in short time

To gather information cost-effectively

To gather information on inaccessible places

To replace conventional sources of information (topo-sheets, census data etc.)

Why Remote Sensing?

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Why Remote Sensing?

Camera Obscura (conceived by Aristotle 300 BC; Used by Roger Bacon 1300)

Daguerre, 1839 Eadweard Muybridge, 1872

1850

Joseph-Nicéphore Niépce, September, 1824

Louis Daguerre, 1830s

Early aerial photographs

Gaspard Tournachon (aka Nadar) 1859 – Balloon photos for land surveys

These early photos mainly served as novelties and curiosities;

Inability to control altitude and flight path presented obstacles.

NARA

Bavarian Pigeon Corps (1903)

San Francisco, 1906

NARA

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

CHICACO HISTORICAL SOCETY

George Lawrence developed a system to use multiple kites to fly a panoramic camera

Roll Film

George Eastman (1854-1932), transformed photography from an expensive hobby to an inexpensive and immensely popular pastime.

1884: Eastman patented the first practical roll film.

1888: He perfected the Kodak camera, designed specifically for roll film. 

1892: He established the Eastman Kodak Company, one of the first firms to mass-produce standardized photography equipment.

Early Airplane Photography (1909)

The camera and the airplane were not designed to be used with each other– an uneasy partnership for a long time.

• First conflict to focus upon mechanized weaponry;

• Fixed lines across the western front- conventional reconnaissance blinded;

• Artillery became the principal combat arm;

• Aviation in its infancy;

• Photography still in its youth;

• Aviation and photography not integrated.

World War IIncubator of aerial photography

Balloon Observation

1. Infantry liaison;

2. Artillery rélage;

3. Aerial observation and photography.

Aerial observation and photography soon became the primary foci, with increasing significance assigned to the photographic mission.

Aerial Observation Missions

Aerial observers were trained to report against a detailed checklist; photography was ancillary to the observation mission.

Fuselage-Mounted Cameras

supplymagazine

exposed plates

handle advancesunexposed plates

early innovations in aerial camera design

Aerial Camera

Experiments with Camera Mounts

Fixing Camera

Aerial Image Analysis

TIROS, 1960

TIROS was an experimental program to investigate the feasibility of observing cloud cover and weather patterns from space.

NIMBUS 5, 1972

TELEVISION INFRARED OBSERVATION SATELLITE, 1960

NASA

Landsat 3, 1978

NASA

Landsat 4, 1982

NASA

Landsat 7, 1999

CNES

SPOT 5, 2002

EARTH OBSERVATION SATELLITES, 1972

Instrumentation and processing innovations led to images with extraordinarily fine spatial and spectral resolution

JPL

JPL

JPL

HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING, 1985

Global Remote Sensing

Questions & Discussion