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HISTORY OF PLUMBING/ GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO PLUMBING AND SANITARY SYSTEMSRACUYA, FRANCIS KITULEP, ALEX JOHN CARLO S.VILLARUBIA, YNAH MONIKKE P.TERMINOLOGIES------------------------------------------------------------4HISTORY----------------------------------------------------------------------11INTRODUCTION------------------------------------------------------------26REFERENCES-----------------------------------------------------------------38QUESTIONS------------------------------------------------------------------40

TERMINOLOGIES

TERMINOLOGYPLUMBING is defined as the art and science of installing pipes, fixtures and other apparatus to convey and supply water in buildings and to dispose and discharge waste water and other liquids, gases and other substances out of buildings in a safe, orderly, healthy and sanitary way to ensure the health and sanitation of life and property.

SOLID WASTE that is being discharged by water closetLIQUID WASTE that are coming from various fixturesVALVE is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passagewaysPIPING is a system of pipes used to convey fluids (liquids and gases) from one location to another

PLUMBING FIXTURE is an exchangeable device which can be connected to aplumbing system to deliver and drain water. i.e. lavatory, water closet, bidet

DRAINAGE SYSTEM a facility to dispose of liquid waste

TRAP a device or fitting that provides a liquid seal to prevent the emission of sewer gases without materially retarding the flow of sewage or wastewater through it. VENT any pipe provided to ventilate a plumbing system in order to prevent backpressure and trap siphonage, or to equalize the air pressure within the drainage system.

TWO MAIN OBJECTIVES To supply water to different parts of the buildingTo remove and discharge human wastes and other substances out of building into the public sewer or septic tank.

HISTORY

HISTORYSince the dawn of civilization, plumbing and sanitation has been a part of human lives. All human beings, regardless of culture and race had been practicing the act of disposing waste since time immemorial.Historians, in their attempt to trace the history of plumbing, events which had been brought about changes that led towards the plumbing system we know today had thoroughly formulated records of chronological events.

Indus Valley (Pakistan and northwest India today)The first artifact to have been unearthed was a copper pipe used in the water system in the ancient palace ruins in the Indus Valley. It was estimated to be 5,500 years old. Such discovery established the earliest known knowledge on plumbing systems.

The system the Indus developed and managed included a number of advanced features. In this Indus city, all houses had their own private toilet, connected to a covered sewer network constructed of brickwork held together with a gypsum-based mortar that emptied either into the surrounding water bodies or alternatively into cesspits, the latter of which were regularly emptied and cleaned.

Egyptian

Around 2,500 BC, the Egyptians used copper pipes in their irrigation and sewerage systems. In the ancient Babylon, the science of hydraulics had been established as evidenced by their skilful planning in their network of canals. The inhabitants of Crete to collect water for drinking, washing, bathing and cooking purposes, constructed freshwater cisterns.

Found in the tombs and temples of rulers, much of this tubing remains in an excellent, even functional, state more than 5000 years after its first use. This is because the very malleable copper is not as susceptible to corrosion as other metals, which is why it is still used today for pipes. Unlike plastic, copper does not give off fumes, melt, or burn. In addition, copper has antibacterial properties that help to ward off microorganisms.

The ancient Greek civilization of Crete, known as the Minoan civilization, was the first civilization to use underground clay pipes for sanitation and water supply.

RomanDuring the Roman Empire, enormous concerns on the field of sanitation and plumbing had been observed those times. Aqueducts were built to convey water from sources to houses.

Extensive underground sewer systems were constructed.Notable among these developments is the construction of underground public water supply system made of cast lead sections.The word plumbing came from the word plumbum (Lead) which is a commonly used material by Romans on pipes.

The Baths of Diocletian (3,200 bathers)Public baths had proliferated.

In addition, Roman bathhouses also includes public latrines,

PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES

Birth of plumbing profession traced back into the 17th century as Spaniards established Walled City known as Intramuros as a model communityIn 1902, the plumbing trade was duly recognized by the government.Master plumber John F. Hass became the 1st Chief of Division of Plumbing ConstructionPlumbing code based on US was implemented in the city of Manila

GENERAL INTRODUCTION ON PLUMBING AND SANITARY SYSTEMS

The major categories of plumbing systems or subsystems are:

POTABLE COLD AND HOT TAP WATER SUPPLY

This supply may come from several possible sources.Municipal water supplyWater wellsProcessed water from creeks, streams, rivers, lakes, rainwater, etc. Domestic water systems have been evolving since people first located their homes near a running water supply, such as a stream or river. The water flow also allowed sending waste water away from the residences. Modern indoor plumbing delivers clean, safe, potable water to each service point in the distribution system.[citation needed] It is important that the clean water not be contaminated by the waste water (disposal) side of the process systemDomestic hot water is provided by means of water heater appliances, or through district heating. The hot water from these units is then piped to the various fixtures and appliances that require hot water, such as lavatories, sinks, bathtubs, showers, washing machines, and dishwashers.

PLUMBING, DRAINAGE AND VENTING

SEPTIC SYSTEMS

A septic system is a highly efficient, self-contained, underground wastewater treatment system. Because septic systems treat and dispose of household wastewater onsite, they are often more economical than centralized sewer systems in rural areas where lot sizes are larger and houses are spaced widely apart. Septic systems are also simple in design, which make them generally less expensive to install and maintain. And by using natural processes to treat the wastewater onsite, usually in a homeowner's backyard, septic systems don't require the installation of miles of sewer lines, making them less disruptive to the environment

Rainwater, surface, and subsurface water drainage

'Surface water' is another word for rainwater more specifically, rainwater that falls on the ground, on roofs and roads, pavements and paths. And you might not realise it, but you could be paying less for your water bills if surface water from your property doesnt drain into any of our sewers.

Subsurface water Drainage A subsurface drainage system consists of a surface or subsurface outlet and subsurface main drains and laterals. Water is carried into the outlet by main drains, which receive water from the laterals. Submains are sometimes used off the main drain to collect water.

FUEL GAS PIPING

For their environmental benefit and sizable energy savings, hot water heat recycling units are being installed in residential buildings. Ecological concerns and water shortages have increased interest in graywater recovery and treatment systems.

Plumbing may also include hydronics, which involves heating and cooling systems utilizing water to transport thermal energy. The New York City steam system is an example of a large district heating system.

REFERENCESreferences: - PLUMBING DESIGN AND ESTIMATE (SECOND EDITION) by: MAX B. FAJARDO JR. http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygiene/plumbing20.pdfhttp://www.meetkevin.com/which-plumbing-did-ancient-egyptians-usehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbing#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_water_supply_and_sanitationhttp://www.scribd.com/doc/239877171/History-of-Plumbing-Practice-of-the-Philippines#scribd

TRUE OR FALSE

'Surface water' is another word for rainwater.International hot water is provided by means of water heater appliances, or through district heating.One of the main objectives of plumbing is to supply water to different parts of the building.A septic system is a highly efficient, self-contained, underground wastewater treatment system.The New Jersey steam system is an example of a large district heating system.TRUETRUEFALSETRUEFALSEMULTIPLE CHOICE1. A waste that is being discharged by water closet.A.) WasteB.) Solid WasteC.) Liquid Waste

2.) Wastes that are coming from various fixtures.A.) Gas WasteB.) Solid WasteC.) Liquid Waste

MULTIPLE CHOICE3.) Which is NOT an example of a plumbing fixture.A.) BidetB.) LavatoryC.) Water 4.) Any pipe provided to ventilate a plumbing system in order to prevent backpressure and trap siphonage, or to equalize the air pressure within the drainage system.A.) VentB.) TrapC.) Valve

MULTIPLE CHOICE5.) Is an exchangeable device which can be connected to aplumbing system to deliver and drain water.A.) ValveB.) Plumbing FixtureC.) Vent

FILL IN THE BLANKS1.) Minoan civilization, was the first civilization to use underground _____ pipes for sanitation and water supply. 2.) During the Roman Empire, enormous concerns on the field of sanitation and plumbing had been observed those times. ___________ were built to convey water from sources to houses.3.) The Baths of Diocletian can accommodate ________ bathers.4.) The word plumbing came from the word ___________ (Lead) which is a commonly used material by Romans on pipes.5.) Master plumber ________________ became the 1st Chief of Division of Plumbing Construction

clayAqueducts3,200PlumbumJohn F. Hass