HistoryHistory of New York City of New York City

From From „Manna-hatta“ to Big Apple„Manna-hatta“ to Big Apple

IndexIndex• Lenni-Lenape-Indians &Lenni-Lenape-Indians &

The Dutch West India CompanyThe Dutch West India Company• The Duke* of YorkThe Duke* of York• 18th century18th century• 19th century19th century• 20th century20th century• ProhibitionProhibition• ImmigrantsImmigrants• 1945+1945+

Vocabulary: Duke (= Herzog)

Lenni-Lenape-Indians &Lenni-Lenape-Indians &The Dutch West India CompanyThe Dutch West India Company

• In 1610, Dutch merchants bought furs from the Lenni-Lenape-Indians

• 4 years later, the “Compagnie van Nieuwnederlant” was founded by the Dutch

• In 1621, “The Dutch West India Company” gained a trade monopoly from “Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden”

• In 1624, Manhattan was settled by 30 Dutch families

Vocabulary: fur (=Fell)

• In 1626 a man called Peter Minuit bought Manhattan In 1626 a man called Peter Minuit bought Manhattan for 60 guilders*for 60 guilders*

• He named it “Nieu Amsterdam” and made it the He named it “Nieu Amsterdam” and made it the capital of “Nieu Nederlant”, the Dutch colonycapital of “Nieu Nederlant”, the Dutch colony

• It led the city in a crime city full of chaos, corruption, It led the city in a crime city full of chaos, corruption, high crime ratehigh crime rate

• The “Dutch West India Company” reacted in 1647, The “Dutch West India Company” reacted in 1647, they built one hospital, one school and one prisonthey built one hospital, one school and one prison

• Petrus Stuyvesant arranged a wall to be builtPetrus Stuyvesant arranged a wall to be built• In 1653, Nieu Amsterdam gained its municipal law*In 1653, Nieu Amsterdam gained its municipal law*

Vocabulary: guilder (=Gulden), municipal law (= Stadtrecht)

War War betweenbetween RZVN* and GB RZVN* and GB

• Englishmen looted* Nieu NederlantEnglishmen looted* Nieu Nederlant• In 1664 the Governor Petrus Stuyvesant In 1664 the Governor Petrus Stuyvesant

resigned and gave the colony to the Duke of resigned and gave the colony to the Duke of YorkYork

• In compliment to the Duke, the city was In compliment to the Duke, the city was named “New York”named “New York”

Vocabulary: RZVN (= Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden), loot (=plündern)

18th century

• GB accepted the Declaration of Independence, their army left NY

• Two large fires destroyed broad parts of NY in 1783 / 1785

• From 1784 to 1789, NY was the capital of the USA

• NY developed to an economic metropolis• In 1792 the stock-market was founded

Vocabulary: economic metropolis (= Wirtschaftsmetropole), stock-market (=Börse)

19th century19th century• In 1811 John Randal proposed

to shape NY’s streets in a raster

• In 1825 the Erie-canal was opened – it connected the great lakes with NY

• New York developed to a place of transshipment

• In 1892 the five parts of today’s NY fused together to form one “Greater New York”

18831883

18831883

18861886

Economic BoomEconomic Boom

1835 – 1835 – Host of the World Exposition (Expo)Host of the World Exposition (Expo)

20th century20th century

• After World War After World War II the time of the „Golden the time of the „Golden Twenties“ followedTwenties“ followed

• On 20th October 1929 the market collapsed On 20th October 1929 the market collapsed (Black Friday)(Black Friday)

• This led into an big increasing of the rate of This led into an big increasing of the rate of unemployment: every fourth men was joblessunemployment: every fourth men was jobless

Prohibition Prohibition (1917-1933)(1917-1933)

The New Yorkers evaded problem-free the The New Yorkers evaded problem-free the sanctions of the prohibition -> the number of sanctions of the prohibition -> the number of pubs was nearly doubled – but all were illegal:pubs was nearly doubled – but all were illegal:The police must not know where the pubs were, The police must not know where the pubs were, so you had to “speak easy”, as the pubs were so you had to “speak easy”, as the pubs were further called as well.further called as well.The new elected president Roosevelt raised the The new elected president Roosevelt raised the prohibition in 1933.prohibition in 1933.

Vocabulary: speak easies (=“Flüsterkneipen”)

ImmigrantsImmigrants

• Many immigrants from Many immigrants from Europe came to NY to Europe came to NY to start a new lifestart a new life

• This led into conflicts This led into conflicts which discharged in which discharged in violence, e.g. “Draft violence, e.g. “Draft Riots” in 1863, a two-Riots” in 1863, a two-days civil war which days civil war which claimed 2000 victims claimed 2000 victims and 100 destroyed and 100 destroyed buildingsbuildings

Vocabulary: discharged (=entladen)

After 1945

• The economic boomed anew after the World War II

• Immigration of many Puerto Ricans; called themselves „Neuyoricans“

• 1946 NY become permanentplace of the UN

Enclosed an apt quotation:Enclosed an apt quotation:(by Herbert G. Wells)(by Herbert G. Wells)

„„To Europe she was America, To Europe she was America, to America she was the to America she was the gateway of the earth.gateway of the earth.

But to tell the story of New But to tell the story of New York would be to write a York would be to write a

social history of the world“social history of the world“