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L orhup hn jlmd lei ndjlmd rlkk`s hn tcd [dnhrj Jhvdjdet.
V`efd tcd -97 FD), Fcr`st`le`ty `s`etrhiufdi `e @srldm lei lei jley let`-Adw`sc mlws lrd delftdi. Ky tcd >tc fdetury, Adws
clvd kdfhjd l j`ehr`ty `e tcd`r hwe mlei. Lntdr tcd Lrlk fhequdst, tcd Adw`sc
phpumlt`he idfm`eds nurtcdr. Lt tcd t`jd hn tcd n`rst fruslids (
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[hjle shmi`drs flrry`eo hnn tcd Jdehrlc, tcd sdvde-krlefcdi fleidmlkrl, lei htcdr sph`ms nrhj
tcd Ydjpmd `e Adruslmdj. Ycd [hjle odedrlm Y`tus cli tcd Ydjpmd idstrhydi (?H FD) lei tcd
Adw`sc phpumlt`he dxpdmmdi. Adws kdole th sdttmd tcrhuochut tcd [hjle Djp`rd, lmheo tcd fhlst hn
Ehrtc Lnr`fl, e @tlmy lei Vpl`e, lmheo tcd r vdr [c`ed lei e Nrlefd.
Idtl`m nrhj tcd Lrfc hn Y`tus, [hjd
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Kubclrle Adws lrhuei
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Fhuetr`ds w`tc jhrd tcle
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Whpd Trkle sujjhe`eo tcd kdm`dvdrs th tcd fruslid `e
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;7
Le lmmdodi idsdfrlt`he hn tcd chst ky Adws `e Vtdrekdro, Odrjley, `e Adws
wdrd kuredi.
Odrjle whhifut,
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L prhpcdt `e l fcurfc w`eihw `e _`efcdstdr Fltcdirlm, wdlr`eo tcd "Adw Clt."
Chmy Vdpumfcrd Fclpdm, _`efcdstdr, Deomlei,
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Ycd ocdtth `e [hjd `e tcd mltd
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Ycd frdsfdet-sclpdi "Adw Vtrddt" `e Nrlebnurt, Odrjley, dstlkm`scdi `e ;. @t wls s`tultdi
huts`id tcd f`ty wlmms lei cli hemy twh oltds.
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Ycd ocdtth `e Nrlebnurt lntdr tcd f`ty wlmms wdrd pummdi ihwe `e tcd
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"Tsury"
IT[@EO YCD VDFHEI CLMN hn tcd J`iimd Lods, thwes orhw lei trlid dxpleis.
Jley dfhehj`f nueft`hes tcd Adws cli numn`mmdi `e tcd plst lrd tlbde hvdr ky htcdrorhups. Jhrd lei jhrd prhndss`hes lei frlnts lrd hrole`zdi `e ou`mis. Ls hemy ou`mi
jdjkdrs lrd lmmhwdi th prlft`fd `e tcdsd prhndss`hes, lei edw jdjkdrs clvd th pmdiodle hltc he tcd K`kmd, Adws lrd dnndft`vdmy dxfmuidi nrhj jdjkdrsc`p.
@e _dstdre lei Fdetrlm Durhpd, Adws lrd ir`vde nrhj hed hffuplt`he lntdr lehtcdr. Hemytrlid lei jhedy-mdei`eo rdjl`es hpde th tcdj. Jley Adw`sc fhjjue`t`ds s`eb `eth
phvdrty, lei hemy l ndw fhet`eud th prhspdr. Ls tcd Fcurfc nhrk`is Fcr`st`les th mdei
jhedy lol`est `etdrdst, kut tcd eddi nhr frdi`t `e tcd dxplei`eo dfhehjy `efrdlsds, Adwslrd hntde tcd hemy heds th prhv`id mhles. @etdrdst he mhles `s c`oc kdflusd hn tcd r`sbs
`evhmvdi lei tcd mlfb hn flp`tlm.
Adws kdfhjd `idet`n`di w`tc "usury," tcd mdei`eo hn jhedy lol`est dxfdss`vd `etdrdst.
Lehtcdr stdrdhtypd hn "tcd Adw" `s frdltdi lol`est tcd klfborhuei hn tcd sljd dfhehj`ff`rfujstlefds1 tcd Adws ls phhr pdiimdrs hn sdfhei-clei lrt`fmds. Ycdsd twh
fhetrli`fthry `jlods hn tcd Adws, tcd clrsc lei uenl`r jhedymdeidr lei tcd phhr lei
uetrustwhrtcy pdiimdr, surv`vd `eth tcd ;7tc fdetury - mheo lntdr tcd`r hr`o`es `e rdm`o`hus
`ethmdrlefd lei dfhehj`f jlro`elm`zlt`he clvd i`slppdlrdi.
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Ndri`elei Mlslmmd (
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AD_V @E YCD [TVV@LE DJW@[D
L "Adw`sc Wrhkmdj"
@E YCD W[@EF@WLM@YP HN JHVFH_ lei tcd [uss`le Djp`rd tcd prdsdefd hn Adwswls eht thmdrltdi s`efd tcd J`iimd Lods. Adws wdrd fhes`idrdi tcd dedjy hn Fcr`st kyHrtchihx Fcr`st`le`ty lei kdm`dvdi th l`j lt fhevdrt`eo Fcr`st`les th Auil`sj. Ycd
Fzlrs, `e tcd`r rhmd ls Wrhtdfthrs hn tcd Nl`tc, rdoumlrmy rdnusdi pdrj`ss`he dvde nhr
Adw`sc jdrfclets th detdr [uss`l.
_cde lntdr tcd plrt`t`hes hn Whmlei sdvdrlm cueirdi tchuslei Adws kdfhjd `efhrphrltdi`eth tcd [uss`le Djp`rd, tcd [uss`le ohvdrejdet `jjdi`ltdmy pdrfd`vds tcdj ls "tcd
Adw`sc Wrhkmdj," d`tcdr th kd shmvdi ky denhrfdi lss`j`mlt`he hr dxpums`he.
Ycd n`rst "prhkmdj" tcd Adws phsd `s th tcd elt`helm`st hr plesmlv`f fhefdpt`he hn tcd[uss`le Djp`rd. @e tc`s fhefdpt`he, tcd Adws ih eht n`t `eth tcd l`j th nhrj "hn lmm
elt`helm`t`ds l s`eomd pdhpmd" klsdi he "fhjjhe mleoulod, fhjjhe rdm`o`he lei tcd
Vmlv`f J`r."
Ycd sdfhei `ssud `s dfhehj`f1 tcd jlahr`ty hn Adws m`vds `e v`mmlods lei numn`mms l v`tlm
rhmd `e tcd v`mmlod dfhehjy. Yc`s phsds l prhkmdj th tcd nduilm hridr hn tcd Djp`rd, lsnrdd thwespdhpmd lrd eht pdrj`ttdi th m`vd `e v`mmlods wcdrd khtc tcd mlei lei tcd pdhpmd -
sdrns - lrd tcd pr`vltd prhpdrty hn tcd ehk`m`ty. Ycd Whm`sc ehk`m`ty, clv`eo mhst `ts nduilm
r`octs lntdr tcd plrt`t`he, wlets th rdol`e tcd dfhehj`f nueft`hes tcdy hefd idmdoltdi th
tcd Adws - l phm`t`flm idjlei tclt [uss`le ohvdrejdets lrd dlodr th lffhjjhiltd.
Khtc `ssuds, Adw`sc fumturlm lei rdm`o`hus luthehjy lei Adw`sc rds`idefd `e tcd v`mmlods,
lrd liirdssdi t`jd lei lol`e ky idordds lei fhuetdr-idordds. Chwdvdr, khtc "prhkmdjs"
rdjl`e mlrodmy uerdshmvdi tcrhuochut tcd
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Ycd Wlmd hn Vdttmdjdet
Nrhj
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L Adw`sc nlj`my lt chjd. Vdvdrlm Fzlr`st idfrdds prhc`k`tdi tcd trli`t`helm Adw`sc irdss sufc ls
tcd flntle whre ky tcd jle he tcd r`oct, lei tcd orhw`eo hn "pdyht," hr s`idmhfbs, whre ky tcd
khy.
Fl.
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Adw`sc tlvdre sfded. @e tcd Wlmd, jley Adws trli`t`helmmy dlredi l m`v`eo ky `eebddp`eo, idsp`td l
ohvdrejdet phm`fy th jhvd Adws hut hn tc`s hffuplt`he.
M`tchorlpc, fl.
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L nlj`m`lr s`oct `e tcd Wlmd1 l phrtdr w`tc c`s rhpd, wl`t`eo nhr l whrb hnndr.
Hmi lod chjd `e B`dv. Wlupdr`zlt`he `e tcd Wlmd krhuoct nhurtc l w`id rleod hn fclr`tlkmdlft`v`t`ds, flr`eo nhr tcd hmi lei s`fb, i`str`kut`eo nhhi lei fmhtc`eo.
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L Odrjle phstflri nrhj tcd N`rst _hrmi _lr1 "me l Whm`sc Adw Yhwe." Dvde tcde, jhst hn tcd
chusds wdrd jlid hn whhi.
Adws fdmdkrlt`eo tcd fhjpmdt`he hn tcd wr`t`eo hn l thrlc sfrhmm w`tc l ilefd `e Iukrhvel,
Kdmhruss`l, l f`ty wcdrd jhst hn tcd tlmd`s`j (prlydr sclwms) hn [uss`l wdrd prhiufdi.
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Jlb`eo w`ed e B`sc`edv, Kdsslrlk`l.
Lmtchuoc Adws lrd lmmhwdi th detdr odedrlm sfchhms, eht jley ih kdflusd `estruft`hes lrd
o`vde `e d`tcdr Whm`sc, [uss`le hr Odrjle - eht `e P`ii`sc, wc`fc `s ky nlr tcd jhst
w`idmy sphbde.
Nrhj 777 `e
9. Vhjd detdr tcd jl`estrdlj hn tcd [uss`le `etdmm`odets`l, lei `e tc`s rdspdft tcd
sfchhms numn`mm tcd`r purphsd. L eujkdr hn tcdsd stuidets mltdr ah`e tcd prhtdst jhvdjdet
lol`est tcd hpprdss`vd Fzlr`st rdo`jd.
M`tdrlfy hn tcd thtlm [uss`le phpumlt`he lei hn tcd Adw`sc phpumlt`he `e pdrfdetlod `e
Ndjlmds
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Ivhrl Dstcdr Odmndr (
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L wdii`eo `e Whmheehyd, Tbrl`ed. Ycd kr`id `s stlei`eo ueidr tcd fcuplc, tcd jlrr`lod flehpy.
L jdmljdi (tdlfcdr) `e
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0;7 (:7). Ycd p`ebls fhetl`es tcd n`ei`eoslei m`st hn jdjkdrsc`p hn tcd shf`dty.
Whhr khys `e Vzdrdszw kd`eo jdlsurdi nhr edw fmhtcds. Ycd bdc`mmht, hr Adw`sc fhjjuelmhrole`zlt`hes, fhmmdftdi spdf`lm tlxds, sufc ls tcd tlx he bhscdr jdlt, th flrd nhr tcd eddiy.
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[lkk` @sllf [d`es (
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Ycd wr`tdr Vchmdj Lmd`fcdj w`tc c`s nlj`my he l Edw Pdlr's flri nrhj
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Ycd klebdr Klrhe Chrlfd O`ezkuro hn Vt. Wdtdrskuro, l sphbdsjle nhr [uss`le Adwry leiprhjhtdr hn tcd lrts.
Ycd Ordlt Vyelohoud hn Vt. Wdtdrskuro, lmsh flmmdi "Klrhe O`ezkuro syelohoud" lntdr `tskdednlfthr, hpdedi e
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Ycd "Adws _lmb" `e Hidssl. @e tcd
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Ycd nlj`my hn Ahzdn lei Ihrl C`rszhw`fz. Ahzdn's nltcdr, Mdakl C`rszhw`fz (
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Ycrdd odedrlt`hes hn tcd Vzlkli nlj`my2 ^`mel,
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[dedwdi Hpprdss`he - tcd "Jly Mlws"
YCD D^DEYV NHMMH_@EO YCD JT[ID[ hn Lmdxleidr @@ `e
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Vple`sc di`t`he hn tcd "Wrhthfhms"1 "Ycd @ev`s`kmd _hrmi Ohvdrejdet, hr tcd Adw`sc Wrhorlj thVukauoltd tcd _hrmi."
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Fdrt`n`fltd ssudi th [`nb`e ls tcd Jhsfhw rdprdsdetlt`vd hn tcd Te`tdi Adw`sc Vhf`lm`st _hrbdrs
Wlrty `e tcd dmdft`hes nhr tcd "Lmm-[uss`l Adw`sc Fheordss." Ycd dmdft`hes schwdi le
hvdrwcdmj`eo supphrt nhr tcd Q`he`st plrt`ds, wch `e
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syelohouds tclt wdrd fmhsdi `e tcd
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L P`ii`sc sfchhm `e Bclrbhv, Tbrl`ed, `e
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Elz` trhhpdrs e Jue`fc he tcd`r wly th sd`zd phwdr `e Klvlr l he tcd jhre`eo hn Ehvdjkdr 0,
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Ycd Ordlt Vyelohoud hn Nrlebnurt kure`eo he Ehvdjkdr 0,
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77,777 Adws nrhj tcd
`efhrphrltdi lrdls `eth tcd "Odedrlmohuvdrejdet." Ycdrd, tcd Adw`sc phpumlt`he `s th kd
fhefdetrltdi `e "ocdtths" `e mlrodr thwes th lwl`t "l n`elm shmut`he."
Jhk`md ue`ts hn tcd VV, tcd "D`esltzoruppde," jhvd `e kdc`ei tcd rdoumlr lrjy th "hefd
lei nhr lmm fmdle Whmlei hn Adws, `etdmm`odets`l, fmdroy lei ehk`m`ty." Ycd n`rst lttdjpt lt l"n`elm shmut`he" `s l`jdi lt idf`jlt`eo tcd Adws ky ocdtth`zlt`he, nhrfdi mlkhr lei
stlrvlt`he.
L Adw`sc nlj`my `e tcd M`tcule`le phrt f`ty hn Bml`pdil kd`eo dxpdmmdi he Jlrfc ;6,
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L strddt `e tcd _lrslw ocdtth - tcd k`oodst ocdtth `e tcd Whmlei, w`tc lmjhst clmn l j`mm`he Adws.Ky tcd dei hn
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77,777 i`di `e tcd ocdtths lei mlkhr
fljps lmhed.
Fcl`j [ujbhwsb` (mdnt), tcd cdli hn tcd Adw`sc fhuef`m `e Mhiz, `s orddt`eo Cd`er`fc C`jjmdr,
tcd Odrjle fhjjleidr-`e-fc`dn hn lmm VV lei Whm`fd nhrfds lei tcd jle rdsphes`kmd nhr flrry`eohut tcd "n`elm shmut`he." Iur`eo C`jjmdr's v`s`t `e Aued
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Clmn l j`mm`he Adws `e Ehrwly, Idejlrb, tcd Edtcdrmleis, Kdmo`uj, Muxdjkhuro lei
Nrlefd lrd nhrfdi th rdo`stdr `e tcd nlmm hn
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Nrlefd1 Vtltdmdss Adws hr Adws w`tc nhrd`oe elt`helm`t`ds lrd rhueidi up nhr `etdrejdet `e Jly
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"Edohz`h Lr`leh" - le "Lryle" schp `e @tlmy. @e Ehvdjkdr
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Adws jlrbdi w`tc tcd Vtlr hn Ilv`i `e Vdrk`l. Kdtwdde Luoust
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L Kumolr`le idphrtlt`he sc`p he tcd Ileukd flrry`eo Adws nrhj Orddfd lei Puohsmlv`l th tcd
Yrdkm`ebl idltc fljp `e Jlrfc
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Ycd Nltd hn Vhv`dt Adwry
_@YC YCD OD[JLE LYYLFB he tcd Vhv`dt Te`he he Aued ;;,
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L jhk`md b`mm`eo fhjjleih mdli`eo whjde `eth tcd nhrdst th kd b`mmdi. Jde lei whjde wdrd
usulmmy scht sdplrltdmy. Odrjle shmi`drs - lmtchuoc ueidr str`ft hridrs eht th - hntde thhb
selpschts hn tcd b`mm`eos.
Dlstdre Whmlei,
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Ycd b`mm`eo hn tcd mlst Adw `e ^`ee`tsl, Tbrl`ed. He Vdptdjkdr
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Fhefdetrlt`he fljp pr`shedrs cli th wdlr fhmhrdi tr`leomds he tcd`r fmhtcds. Whm`t`flm pr`shedrswdrd jlrbdi w`tc rdi tr`leomds lei Adws w`tc ydmmhw tr`leomds. "Fr`j`elms" whrd ordde tr`leomds,
"lshf`lms" kmlfb, V`et` lei [hjl krhwe lei chjhsdxulms p`eb tr`leomds. Ycdsd jlrbs wdrd lmsh
usdi `e fhjk`elt`he.
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Adw`sc plrt`sles wch cli dsflpdi nrhj tcd ^`mel ocdtth tlb`eo plrt `e tcd m`kdrlt`he hn tcd ^`meli`str`ft `e Aumy
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77 whjde lei fc`mirde `e tcd nhrdsts ehrtc hn J`esb.
[u`es hn tcd ols fcljkdr lei frdjlthr`uj @@@ `e Lusfcw`tz-K`rbdelu. He Hfthkdr ?,
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L jdjhr`lm pmlqud lt tcd s`td hn tcd Whelry jlss juridrs idsfr`k`eo tcd v`ft`js ls"Vhv`dt f`t`zdes"2 tcd`r Adw`sc `idet`ty `s eht jdet`hedi.
"Yh tcd ^`ft`js hn Nlsf`sj," wr`ttde `e Mltv`le, [uss`le lei P`ii`sc he tcd sjlmm jheujdet `e
[ujkum`, Mltv`l. Le dst`jltdi 63,777 Adws wdrd b`mmdi lt tc`s s`td `e tcd lutuje hn
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;
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;;7
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