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Early Ideas about AtomsThe Law of Conservation of MassThe Law of
Definite Composition The Law of Multiple Proportions John Dalton
and Atomic Theory History of Atomic StructureAtoms, Molecules, and
Ions > History of Atomic Structure
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www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/chemistryThe ancient Greek philosophers
Democritus and Leucippus recorded the concept of the atomos, an
indivisible building block of matter, as early as the 5th century
BCE.The idea of an indivisible particle was further elaborated upon
and explored by a number of scientists and philosophers, including
Galileo, Newton, Boyle, Lavoisier, and Dalton.John Dalton, an
English chemist and meteorologist, is credited with the first
modern atomic theory based on his experiments with atmospheric
gases.Early Ideas about Atoms
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Dalton's A New System of Chemical PhilosophyView on
Boundless.com
Atoms, Molecules, and Ions > History of Atomic Structure
The law of conservation of mass states that mass in an isolated
system is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reactions or
physical transformations.According to the law of conservation of
mass, the mass of the products in a chemical reaction must equal
the mass of the reactants.The law of conservation of mass is useful
for a number of calculations and can be used to solve for unknown
masses, such the amount of gas consumed or produced during a
reaction.The Law of Conservation of Mass
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LavoisierView on Boundless.com
Atoms, Molecules, and Ions > History of Atomic Structure
The law of definite composition was proposed by Joseph Proust
based on his observations on the composition of chemical
compounds.Proust proposed that a compound is always composed of the
same proportions of elements by mass.Though initially
controversial, the law of definite composition was supported by
Dalton's atomic theory.The Law of Definite Composition
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ProustView on Boundless.com
Atoms, Molecules, and Ions > History of Atomic Structure
The law of multiple proportions is a rule of stoichiometry.John
Dalton formulated the law of multiple proportions as part of his
theory that atoms formed the basic indivisible building block of
matter.The law of multiple proportions says that when elements form
compounds, the proportions of the elements in those chemical
compounds can be expressed in small whole number ratios.The law of
multiple proportions is an extension of the law of definite
composition, which states that compounds will consist of defined
ratios of elements.The Law of Multiple Proportions
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on Boundless.com
Atoms, Molecules, and Ions > History of Atomic Structure
Dalton's atomic theory proposed that all matter was composed of
atoms, indivisible and indestructible building blocks.While all
atoms of an element were identical, different elements had atoms of
differing size and mass.Dalton's atomic theory also stated that all
compounds were composed of combinations of these atoms in defined
ratios.Dalton also postulated that chemical reactions resulted in
the rearrangement of the reacting atoms.John Dalton and Atomic
Theory
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Dalton's A New System of Chemical PhilosophyView on
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Atoms, Molecules, and Ions > History of Atomic Structure
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www.boundless.comAppendixKey termsatom The smallest possible amount
of matter that still retains its identity as a chemical element,
now known to consist of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.atom The
smallest possible amount of matter that still retains its identity
as a chemical element, now known to consist of a nucleus surrounded
by electrons.atom The smallest possible amount of matter that still
retains its identity as a chemical element, now known to consist of
a nucleus surrounded by electrons.atomic mass unit The standard
unit that is used for indicating mass of an atom.element Any one of
the simplest chemical substances that cannot be decomposed in a
chemical reaction or by any chemical means, and are made up of
atoms all having the same number of protons.law of conservation of
mass A law that states that mass cannot be created or destroyed; it
is merely rearranged.law of definite composition A law that states
that chemical compounds are formed of constant and defined ratios
of elements as determined by mass.law of multiple proportions The
law stating that reactants will always combine in set whole number
ratios.law of multiple proportions A law stating that if two
elements form a compound, then the ratio of the mass of the second
element and the mass of the first element will be small whole
number ratios.product A chemical substance formed as a result of a
chemical reaction.reactant Any of the participants present at the
start of a chemical reaction.Also, a molecule before it undergoes a
chemical change.
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www.boundless.comAtoms, Molecules, and IonsModels of the Atom
Timeline - YouTubeThis video is about the different ways that
scientists have pictured the atoms over the years.It starts with
Democritus and Leucippus, the first philosophers to discuss
atoms.The video also covers the work of Dalton, Thompson,
Rutherford, Niels Bohr, and Schrodinger.
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www.boundless.comView on Boundless.comAtoms, Molecules, and
Ions
John Dalton's A New System of Chemical PhilosophyChemical
structures from Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy.
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www.boundless.comWikipedia. "Atomic theory." GNU FDL
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_theory View on
Boundless.comAtoms, Molecules, and Ions
Conservation of Atoms - YouTubeThis video explains how atoms are
conserved in a chemical reaction.
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www.boundless.comView on Boundless.comAtoms, Molecules, and
Ions
Antoine LavoisierA portrait of Antoine Lavoisier, the scientist
credited with the discovery of the law of conservation of mass.
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www.boundless.comWikipedia. "Conservation of mass." GNU FDL
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_mass View on
Boundless.comAtoms, Molecules, and Ions
John Dalton and the Law of Definite Proportions - YouTubeThis
video examines the law of definite proportions and the law of
multiple proportions.
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www.boundless.comView on Boundless.comAtoms, Molecules, and
Ions
Joseph ProustPortrait of Joseph Proust
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www.boundless.comWikipedia. "Joseph Proust." GNU FDL
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Proust View on
Boundless.comAtoms, Molecules, and Ions
John Dalton's A New System of Chemical PhilosophyThis image from
Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy, published in 1808,
depicts various atoms and molecules.
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www.boundless.comWikipedia. "John Dalton." GNU FDL
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dalton View on
Boundless.comAtoms, Molecules, and Ions
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at
www.boundless.comAtoms, Molecules, and IonsAll of the following are
examples of Dalton's theories of atomic structure and reactivity
EXCEPT:A) The fundamental structure of atoms can change during
chemical reactions.B) All atoms of a given element are identical.C)
The atoms of different elements differ in mass and size.D) Atoms
are indestructible.
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Atoms, Molecules, and IonsAll of the following are examples of
Dalton's theories of atomic structure and reactivity EXCEPT:A) The
fundamental structure of atoms can change during chemical
reactions.B) All atoms of a given element are identical.C) The
atoms of different elements differ in mass and size.D) Atoms are
indestructible.
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www.boundless.comAtoms, Molecules, and IonsWhich of the following
is the correct definition for the Law of Conservation of Mass as
expressed by Lavoisier in 1789?A) The mass that is lost during a
chemical reaction is a result of phase changes during the
reaction.B) Despite chemical reactions or physical transformations,
mass is conserved within an isolated system.C) Mass is conserved
during a chemical reaction except when a gas is produced.D) Mass is
conserved within an isolated system except during chemical
reactions.
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Atoms, Molecules, and IonsWhich of the following is the correct
definition for the Law of Conservation of Mass as expressed by
Lavoisier in 1789?A) The mass that is lost during a chemical
reaction is a result of phase changes during the reaction.B)
Despite chemical reactions or physical transformations, mass is
conserved within an isolated system.C) Mass is conserved during a
chemical reaction except when a gas is produced.D) Mass is
conserved within an isolated system except during chemical
reactions.
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www.boundless.comAtoms, Molecules, and IonsWhich of the following
is the correct definition for the Law of Definite Composition?A)
Elements can mix in any ratio to form chemical compounds.B)
Chemical compounds are formed of constant and defined ratios of
elements, as determined by mass.C) Atoms always combine in the same
constant and defined ratio when forming compounds.D) The
composition of a compound can always be explicitly defined.
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http://www.boundless.com/
Atoms, Molecules, and IonsWhich of the following is the correct
definition for the Law of Definite Composition?A) Elements can mix
in any ratio to form chemical compounds.B) Chemical compounds are
formed of constant and defined ratios of elements, as determined by
mass.C) Atoms always combine in the same constant and defined ratio
when forming compounds.D) The composition of a compound can always
be explicitly defined.
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www.boundless.comAtoms, Molecules, and IonsWhich of the following
is the correct definition of the law of multiple proportions?A) The
same compound can be formed by the combination of the same atoms in
multiple different proportions, which can be expressed as a ratio
of two small whole numbers.B) If two elements can form multiple
compounds, the ratios of the masses of the two elements in those
compounds can be expressed as a ratio of two small whole numbers.C)
The same atoms cannot combine in multiple proportions.D) In any
given reaction, the ratio of the masses of the two reacting
components can always be expressed as a small whole number.
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Atoms, Molecules, and IonsWhich of the following is the correct
definition of the law of multiple proportions?A) The same compound
can be formed by the combination of the same atoms in multiple
different proportions, which can be expressed as a ratio of two
small whole numbers.B) If two elements can form multiple compounds,
the ratios of the masses of the two elements in those compounds can
be expressed as a ratio of two small whole numbers.C) The same
atoms cannot combine in multiple proportions.D) In any given
reaction, the ratio of the masses of the two reacting components
can always be expressed as a small whole number.
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www.boundless.comAtoms, Molecules, and IonsAll of the following are
main points of Dalton's Atomic Theory EXCEPT:A) Equal mass
quantities of two different compounds should have the same number
of atoms.B) All atoms of an element are identical.C) The atoms of
different elements differ in size and mass.D) Compound are produced
through different whole-number combinations of atoms.
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Atoms, Molecules, and IonsAll of the following are main points
of Dalton's Atomic Theory EXCEPT:A) Equal mass quantities of two
different compounds should have the same number of atoms.B) All
atoms of an element are identical.C) The atoms of different
elements differ in size and mass.D) Compound are produced through
different whole-number combinations of atoms.AttributionWikipedia.
"Atomic theory." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_theoryWiktionary. "atom." CC
BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atomWikipedia.
"Conservation of mass." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_massWiktionary.
"product." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/productWiktionary. "reactant." CC
BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reactantWikipedia. "Law of
definite proportions." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_definite_proportionsWiktionary.
"ratio." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ratioWiktionary. "carbonate." CC
BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/carbonateWiktionary.
"element." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/elementWikipedia. "Law of multiple
proportions." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_multiple_proportionsWikipedia.
"Coulomb's law." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%2527s_lawBoundless Learning.
"Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://www.boundless.com//chemistry/definition/law-of-multiple-proportionsWiktionary.
"atom." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atomWikipedia.
"Atomic theory." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_theoryWikipedia. "John Dalton."
CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_DaltonBoundless
Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://www.boundless.com//chemistry/definition/atomic-mass-unitWiktionary.
"atom." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atom
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