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History of Abnormal History of Abnormal PsychologyPsychology
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
Historical conceptions of defining, Historical conceptions of defining, understanding, and treating understanding, and treating psychopathologypsychopathology
Fluid nature of psychopathologyFluid nature of psychopathology Specific details regarding Specific details regarding
conceptualizations conceptualizations Philosophical underpinnings of Philosophical underpinnings of
current diagnostic streamscurrent diagnostic streams
HippocratesHippocrates
1. Black Bile ---- Depression1. Black Bile ---- Depression 2. Yellow Bile ---- Tension/Anxiety2. Yellow Bile ---- Tension/Anxiety 3. Phlegm ---- Dull, Sluggishness3. Phlegm ---- Dull, Sluggishness 4. Blood ---- Mania/Mood Swings4. Blood ---- Mania/Mood Swings
ParacelcusParacelcus
Man is a microcosm, or a little world, because he is an extract from all the stars and planets of the whole firmament, from the earth and the elements; and so he is their quintessence.Paracelsus
ParacelcusParacelcus One category of loss of senses: One category of loss of senses:
– lunatics who through their own lunatics who through their own devices had fallen under the influence devices had fallen under the influence of the moon (lunacy), those who were of the moon (lunacy), those who were insane from birth, due to careless and insane from birth, due to careless and passionate sexual intercourse by the passionate sexual intercourse by the parents; witchcraft; and melancholy. parents; witchcraft; and melancholy. Paracelsus also made it quite clear Paracelsus also made it quite clear that spirits did not cause mental that spirits did not cause mental illness (Green, 2009). illness (Green, 2009).
ParacelcusParacelcus Therapies that he recommended Therapies that he recommended
included bleeding (which he considered included bleeding (which he considered to be the main thrust of treatment for to be the main thrust of treatment for mania), essences of gold, silver, iron, mania), essences of gold, silver, iron, mercury, lead, pearls, coral, antimony, mercury, lead, pearls, coral, antimony, sapphire and sulphur (all alchemical sapphire and sulphur (all alchemical remedies), opium, mandrake, remedies), opium, mandrake, astrological shielding to prevent lunacy, astrological shielding to prevent lunacy, and the use of charms to treat those and the use of charms to treat those afflicted by witchcraftafflicted by witchcraft
Dr. CameronDr. Cameron
Discussed in textDiscussed in text McUltra McUltra
Pathways to Pathways to ConceptualizationsConceptualizationsKraeplinKraeplin
Biological, disease Biological, disease processes, causes like processes, causes like virusesviruses
DSM 1-5 and beyondDSM 1-5 and beyond Current focus on Current focus on
symptom as entitysymptom as entity Lots of concern with Lots of concern with
reliabilityreliability
FreudFreud
Psychological, Psychological, underlying dynamics underlying dynamics of person, personality, of person, personality, and environmentand environment
Psychoanalytic Psychoanalytic conceptsconcepts
Psychodynamic Psychodynamic Diagnostic ManualDiagnostic Manual
AlbertaAlberta Insane Asylum, PonokaInsane Asylum, Ponoka 19119111
British British ColumbiaColumbia
Public Hospital for the Insane, New Public Hospital for the Insane, New WestminsterWestminster
18718788
British Columbia Mental Hospital, British Columbia Mental Hospital, CoquitlamCoquitlam
19119133
ManitobaManitoba Selkirk Asylum, SelkirkSelkirk Asylum, Selkirk 18818866
Home for Incurables, Portage-la-PrairieHome for Incurables, Portage-la-Prairie 18918900
Brandon Asylum, BrandonBrandon Asylum, Brandon 18918911
New BrunswickNew Brunswick Provincial Hospital, Saint JohnProvincial Hospital, Saint John 18318355
Provincial Lunatic AsylumProvincial Lunatic Asylum 18418488
Nova ScotiaNova Scotia Nova Scotia Hospital for Insane, HalifaxNova Scotia Hospital for Insane, Halifax 18518577
OntarioOntario Provincial Lunatic Asylum, TorontoProvincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto 18518500
Kingston Asylum (Rockwood), KingstonKingston Asylum (Rockwood), Kingston 18518566
London Asylum, LondonLondon Asylum, London 18518599
Orillia Asylum for Idiots, OrilliaOrillia Asylum for Idiots, Orillia 18618611
Hamilton Asylum, HamiltonHamilton Asylum, Hamilton 18718766
Mimico Branch Asylum, MimicoMimico Branch Asylum, Mimico 18918900
Hospital for Insane, BrockvilleHospital for Insane, Brockville 18918944
Cobourg AsylumCobourg Asylum 19019022
Penetanguishene Asylum, PenetanguishenePenetanguishene Asylum, Penetanguishene 19019044
Whitby Hospital, WhitbyWhitby Hospital, Whitby 19119144
Prince Edward Prince Edward IslandIsland
The Prince Edward Island Hospital for the InsaneThe Prince Edward Island Hospital for the Insane 18718777
QuebecQuebec Quebec Lunatic Asylum, BeauportQuebec Lunatic Asylum, Beauport 18418455
Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John’sProvincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John’s 18618611
L’Hospice St. Jean de Dieu, Longue PointL’Hospice St. Jean de Dieu, Longue Point 18518566
L’Hospice St. Julien, St. Ferdinand d’HalifaxL’Hospice St. Julien, St. Ferdinand d’Halifax 18718733
L’Hospice Ste. Anne, Baie-St. PaulL’Hospice Ste. Anne, Baie-St. Paul 18918900
Protestant Hospital for the Insane, VerdunProtestant Hospital for the Insane, Verdun 18918900
St. Benedict Joseph Asylum, near city of St. Benedict Joseph Asylum, near city of MontrealMontreal
18818855
SaskatchewaSaskatchewann
The Saskatchewan Provincial Hospital, The Saskatchewan Provincial Hospital, BattlefordBattleford
19119144
NewfoundlanNewfoundlandd
Asylum for the Insane, St. John’sAsylum for the Insane, St. John’s 18518555
Northwest Northwest TerritoryTerritory
Taken to asylums of Alberta and Taken to asylums of Alberta and SaskatchewanSaskatchewan
19119144
YukonYukon Taken to New Westminster by Royal Taken to New Westminster by Royal Northwest Mounted PoliceNorthwest Mounted Police
18718777
Biomedical TherapiesBiomedical Therapies
ECT (started with Meduna)ECT (started with Meduna) Psychosurgery (started with Psychosurgery (started with
Munoz; now called NMD: Munoz; now called NMD: Neurosurgery for Mental Disorder)Neurosurgery for Mental Disorder)– Pre-frontal lobotomyPre-frontal lobotomy– Transorbital leucotomyTransorbital leucotomy– CingulotomyCingulotomy
Neurosurgery for Mental Neurosurgery for Mental Disorders (NMD)Disorders (NMD) Refractory for other treatmentRefractory for other treatment Informed consentInformed consent Not commonNot common Only a few centres do NMDOnly a few centres do NMD Radiofrequency Radiofrequency
ThermocoagulationThermocoagulation Gamma KnifeGamma Knife
Symptom as Focus (Kraeplin)Symptom as Focus (Kraeplin) Underlying Cause as Focus (Freud)Underlying Cause as Focus (Freud)