History Knowledge Organiser: Anglo–Saxons

Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, c. 650-800AD

1. Kent: settled by the Jutes, whose best–known ruler was King Aethelbert.

2. Mercia: whose best-known ruler, Offa, built Offa's Dyke along the border between Wales and England.

3. Northumbria: where the monk Bede (c. 670-735) lived and wrote his Ecclesiastical History of Britain.

4. East Anglia: made up of Angles: the North Folk (living in modern Norfolk) and the South Folk (living in Suffolk). The Sutton Hoo ship burial was found in East Anglia.

5. Essex: (East Saxons). Here the famous Battle of Maldon was fought against the Vikings in 991.

6. Sussex: the South Saxons settled here.

7. Wessex (West Saxons), later the kingdom of King Alfred, the only English king ever to have been called ‘the Great', and his equally impressive grandson, Athelstan, the first who could truly call himself ‘King of the English'.

The Anglo-Saxon period in Britain was between 410-1066AD. It was a time of war, the breaking up of Roman Britain into separate kingdoms, of religious conversion and after the 790s continual battles

against the Vikings.

Invasion and Settlement

Anglo-Saxons in Britain went from invaders to settlers. Originally from Germany

and Scandinavia, the Angles, Saxons and Jutes were lots of warring tribes who settled in Britain from about 410AD.

With Picts and Scots attacking from the north, the Britons invited some Anglo-Saxons to help defend them. Eventually they took over.

Many Anglo-Saxons came peacefully to find land to farm. Their homelands in Scandinavia often flooded so it was tough to grow enough food there.

Whole families set sail across the sea to live in Britain. They brought tools, weapons and farm animals with them and built villages with new homes.

History Knowledge Organiser: Anglo–Saxons

settlement a community of people smaller than a town

community the people living in an area

thatched roof a house roof made with a plant material

trade buying and selling goods

self sufficient able to provide for your own needs without help

from others

craftsman a skilled worker who practices some trade or handi-

craft

pagan if you don't believe in religion or you worship more

than one god.

hill fort an area on a hilltop enclosed by a system of defen-

sive banks and ditches

converted to change to a new religion

superstitious having beliefs which are based on luck and magic

dispute an argument or disagreement

meted out to give or order a punishment

archaeologist someone who studies the buildings, graves, tools,

and other objects of people who lived in the past

burial site land used for burying dead people

410 AD the last Roman soldiers were ordered to leave Eng-land.

500 AD the invaders were resisted fiercely by the Romans, who might have been led by King Arthur.

650 AD: seven separate kingdoms formed

850 AD: the seven kingdoms had been consolidated into

three large Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: Northumbria, Mercia, and Wessex. The Anglo-Saxons had become a Christian

people.

1066 AD: Battle of Hastings

Religion

In Roman Britain many people had been Christians. But

the early Anglo-Saxons were pagans. Like the Vikings and the Greeks, the Anglo-Saxons believed in many

gods and were superstitious. King Aethelbert of Kent

was the first Anglo-Saxon king to be converted to

Christianity by St Augustine in around 595 AD.

Rule of Law

The Anglo-Saxons didn't have prisons. People found guilty of crimes were either executed or punished with

fines.

The Saxons had a system called 'weregild', which meant

that if you injured someone, you had to pay for the damage.

DT Knowledge Organiser: Anglo Saxon Frameworks Year 5

Frame structures use triangles to provide rigidity.

Triangles are the strongest shape used in con-

struction.

When forces are applied to the simple four-sided structure it can be forced out of shape.

If an extra bar is added across the frame, the structure can no longer be forced out of shape, and is said

to be rigid.

The extra bar is called a member when you are working with structures.

Notice that the additional member has formed triangles in the structure.

The effect is known as triangulation.

The triangle is the most rigid frame structure.

Engineers have known for a long time that whenever they need a light, strong, rigid structure they cannot

do better than use a framework of triangles.

DT Knowledge Organiser: Anglo Saxon Frameworks Year 5

frame structure a frame (skeleton) which has been built from different

parts

join where 2 or more parts are fastened/connected together

reinforce to strengthen or support using additional material

stability when something is firmly fixed or won’t fall

dimensions a measurable length, depth or height

stiffen to make something stiff or rigid

triangulation using triangles to provide strength and support

annotated adding notes to give explanations or comments

purpose the reason why something is done/created

research investigating logically

user a person who uses or operates something

design brief a document which states requirements for a product

or task

function how something works

junior hacksaw a small saw which allows precise cutting

bench hook a device used to safely cut wood

Examples of triangulation

An annotated diagram

of a junior hacksaw

bench hook

How to

grip the

wood and

bench

hook junior

hacksaw

How to hold the junior hacksaw

Science Knowledge Organiser: Properties and changes of materials—Year 5

Every different material you can see around you has been chosen for its unique set of properties. Computer

screens are not made of wood because it does not have the correct properties needed. Materials also react in certain ways when combined

with other materials or processes. Sometimes this reaction can be reversed and sometimes it is permanent. It is this knowledge that

enables chemists to create new materials. Tablets and smart phones would not be possible if a chemist had not developed the touch

screen. Chemists also need to understand the impact of materials on our environment working, for example, on finding alternatives to

plastics and other non-sustainable materials.

Hardness

Magnetism

Solubility Conductivity

Transparency

A hard

material will

not scratch

easily. You

would have to test this

with material such as

glass or the hardest

material, diamond.

A conductive material

allows heat (thermal)

or electricity to travel

through it. Metals can

be good conductors.

Materials that

are not magnets

themselves may

or may not have

magnetic properties.

Only some metals are

magnetic and plastic is

not.

Transparency is a

property that describes

how much light can pass

If a material is soluble it means

it will dissolve in a solvent.

To dissolve means that the

solvent (water) breaks down the

solute (salt) into microscopic

(tiny) particles that mix with the

water particles. The result is

called a solution.

For example: Salt will dissolve in

water. Salt is the solute and

water is the solvent. The salty

water is the solution.

bath salt water blue water

solute solvent solution

+ =

Materials can be combined in a variety of

ways. They can be dissolved or just put

together—this is called a mixture. Once

materials have combined it is sometimes

possible to separate them again.

There are three main ways to separate

combined materials:

Sieving— this separates

liquids and solids or

solids of different sizes

Evaporation— this

can also separate

solids and liquids.

Filtering— this

separates

undissolved solids

and liquids

material scientific word used to describe all solids, liquids

and gases

hard how easily a material can be marked or cut

soluble a property of a material that can dissolve

magnetic a property of a material that will attract a magnet

conductor a material that allows heat (thermal) or electricity

to pass along it

transparency the measure of how much light can pass through

a material

dissolve a material that can be broken down into particles

that can then mix with the particles of the solvent

(liquid)

solution a liquid containing a dissolved material

solute the material that can dissolve

solvent the liquid into which the solute is dissolved

reversible a physical change that can easily be undone

irreversible a chemical change that produces a new material

filtering a method of separating materials

sieving a method of separating materials

evaporation when water turns to a gas

Science Knowledge Organiser: Properties and changes of materials—Year 5

Materials can be also be changed. There are two types of

changes:

These materials do not break

down but change how they look

and feel.

They make a temporary change

of state.

ice melts

water evaporates

peas freeze

melted

chocolate solidifies

In a chemical change, materials

breakdown completely and

change into something else.

This is a permanent change and

a new material is created.

wood burns to create

ash and smoke

fuel burns to create

energy and

exhaust gases

ingredients are cooked

metals corrode to

create rust

This means they can easily

be changed back to their

original state.

This means they cannot be

changed back to their original

state.

communicate to share or exchange information, news or ideas

cryptography writing or solving codes

secure safe and protected

encryption the process of converting information into a code to stop unwanted people from reading or accessing it

decryption the reverse of encryption where you translate a code to be able to access the original information.

cipher a secret way of writing

password a string of letters that allows access to a computer

system or service

Computing Knowledge Organiser: We are cryptographers, Year 5

We can communicate information securely through cryptography and

make connections with this in relation to password security and encryption.