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History and theory of visualizations in teaching chemistry:
Examining the impact of Tom Greenbowe and other chemical heroes
ACS Pimentel Award Symposium, March 2014Liz Dorland - [email protected] - slideshare.net/ldorland
Photosynthetic Antenna Research CenterWashington University in St. Louis
History and theory of visualizations in teaching chemistry: Examining the impact of Tom Greenbowe and other chemical heroes
One hundred and fifty years of chemical education research provides critical insight to questions about what chemistry students need to know and how they learn it best. But how much has our chemistry teaching practice changed in light of that knowledge?In this talk we will travel from 1857 to 2013 to review chemical education landmarks and the patterns they suggest. From Porter's “Principles of Chemistry” (1857), to Charles W. Eliot and Frank H. Storer's “Manual of Inorganic Chemistry” (1871), to Mabery (Harvard & Case) (1893), to Steele's “A Fourteen Weeks Course in Chemistry” (1876), to the 1960s ChemStudy project lead by Pimentel, to the work of Tom Greenbowe and others over the last three decades, leading the way in the use of visualizations to explain chemical concepts.Effective active learning methods for chemistry classroom and lab have a deep and well-regarded history. In spite of this, “chalk and talk” presentations with few visuals and little student interaction are still common in the chemistry classroom. Why? And how can we change the dynamic?
http://abstracts.acs.org/chem/247nm/program/view.php?obj_id=243259
Tom Greenbowe – Google-y Images
BCCE 2004 Iowa State
18BCCE Al D Hyde & the Ketones
1982
Chemistry Lecture USA
A history of the teaching of chemistry in the secondary schools of the United States previous to 1850
1767
1825
1920
Charles W. EliotChemist & Harvard
President (1869-1909)“Spontaneous diversity of choice” (open-ended curriculum)
“The organization of the American colleges and their connections is extensive and inflexible. “
“A large number of professors trained in the existing methods hold firm possession, and transmit the traditions they inherited.”
The New Education - The Atlantic – 1869www.harvard.edu/history/presidents/eliot
Manual of Inorganic ChemistryCharles W. Eliot & Frank H. Storer (MIT 1860s)
Read Online or Download
J. Dorman Steele
archive.org/details/coursefourteenwe00steerich
“In 1879, his Chemistry was used in 60 out of 122 public high schools in larger cities. Seven of his texts were still in print in 1928, 42 years after his death. His books made a significant contribution to the popularization of science in America.” Bull. Hist. Chem. (1994) download
Arnold O. Beckman: 100 Years of ExcellenceChemical Heritage Foundation (2000)
At age 9, Beckman found a copy of Joel Dorman Steele’s Fourteen Weeks in Chemistry in his attic.
ACS Profiles in ChemistryGoogle Books Preview
Google Books Preview
Arnold O. Beckman: One Hundred Years of
Excellence, Volume 1 ACS Profiles in Chemistry
J. Dorman Steele
Man in a Chemical World (ACS 1937)Creating an Image of Science: Persuasion and Iconography in
A. Cressy Morrison's Man in a Chemical World
G.N. Lewis at UC Berkeley- One of his first moves was to turn almost the entire staff loose upon the problem of starting the freshman in the way he should go, by fostering a scientific habit of mind in every conceivable way. - We met weekly to discuss the organization of the freshman course and the methods of presenting difficult topics. - The complaint that a freshman in a large university has no contact with professors has not applied in freshman chemistry at the University of California, for as many as eight full professors have in a single term taught freshman sections. -- Joel Hildebrand in an NAS bio of G.N. Lewis
Pimentel Discusses Hydrogen Atom
Link to Video
Vibration of MoleculesPimentel, Pauling, Hildebrand
ChemStudy Video Link
• Discussion among teachers and the CHEM Study staff – panel session
George PimentelThe CHEM Study Story
CHEM Study on Archive.org
Alex Johnstone: JCE 1983
• Miller number 7• Working memory• Chunking• Perception filter• Information
Processing Model
How many chunks?
Organic Chem TopicsAfter repeated attempts
Loretta Jones Click Look Inside
Greenbowe Visualizations
~100 Simulation & Animation Downloads
Electrochemical Cell Experiment
Greenbowe FlashAnimations & Simulations
Loretta Jones - NSF 2001
Representational Competence & Multiple Representations
are these the
Same or Different?
Tom Greenbowe
Roy Tasker
MacroscopicSymbolic
Sub-Microscopic
H2O
Levels of RepresentationPeter Mahaffy – Macroscopic (water) – Symbolic (formula) – Sub-microscopic (molecule)
“Dissolving NaCl” - add salt to water
Run web animation: NCSSM Chapter5-Animations/Dissolving_NaCl-Electrolyte
Screenshots from NCSSM C.O.R.E. - Chemistry Online Resource EssentialsNorth Carolina School of Science and Mathematics
“Dissolving NaCl” H2O solvates Na+ & Cl- ions
Screenshots from NCSSM Animation (2007)
What do students see? See the layers? Which is more dense?
Play Animation of Polar and Non-Polar in Solution
GRC: Visualization in Science and EducationBates College: Aug. 2-7, 2015
Map of Learning Theories www.greatmathsteachingideas.com/2013/05/09/infographic-of-learning-theories/
What do students see?
Molecules? Ions?
Colored spheres?
How do we know?Liz Dorland
[email protected]/ldorland – slideshare.net/ldorland
