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History 100
Proposition Paper
Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio
Submitted by:
Aldam, Karen M.
(Reporter of Rizals Grand Tour of Europe with Viola (1887)
Submitted To:
Prof. Charlie Mariano
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JOSE RIZAL, the national hero of the Philippines and pride of
the Malayan race, was born on
June 19, 1861, in the town of Calamba, Laguna. He was the
seventh child in a family of 11 children (2
boys and 9 girls). Both his parents were educated and belonged
to distinguished families.
His father, Francisco Mercado Rizal, an industrious farmer whom
Rizal called "a model of
fathers," came from Bian, Laguna; while his mother, Teodora
Alonzo y Quintos, a highly cultured and
accomplished woman whom Rizal called "loving and prudent
mother," was born in Meisic, Sta. Cruz,
Manila. At the age of 3, he learned the alphabet from his
mother; at 5, while learning to read and write,
he already showed inclinations to be an artist. He astounded his
family and relatives by his pencil
drawings and sketches and by his moldings of clay. At the age 8,
he wrote a Tagalog poem, "Sa Aking
Mga Kabata," the theme of which revolves on the love of ones
language. In 1877, at the age of 16, he
obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree with an average of
"excellent" from the Ateneo Municipal de
Manila. In the same year, he enrolled in Philosophy and Letters
at the University of Santo Tomas,. He
finished the latter course on March 21, 1877 and passed the
Surveyors examination on May 21, 1878;
but because of his age, 17, he was not granted license to
practice the profession until December 30,
1881. In 1878, he enrolled in medicine at the University of
Santo Tomas but had to stop in his studies
when he felt that the Filipino students were being discriminated
upon by their Dominican tutors. On May
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3, 1882, he sailed for Spain where he continued his studies at
the Universidad Central de Madrid. On
June 21, 1884, at the age of 23, he was conferred the degree of
Licentiate in Medicine and on June
19,1885, at the age of 24, he finished his course in Philosophy
and Letters with a grade of
"excellent."
Having traveled extensively in Europe, America and Asia, he
mastered 22 languages. These
include Arabic, Catalan, Chinese, English, French, German,
Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Latin,
Malayan, Portuguese, Russian, Sanskrit, Spanish, Tagalog, and
other native dialects. A versatile
genius, he was an architect, artists, businessman, cartoonist,
educator, economist, ethnologist, scientific
farmer, historian, inventor, journalist, linguist, musician,
mythologist, nationalist, naturalist, novelist,
opthalmic surgeon, poet, propagandist, psychologist, scientist,
sculptor, sociologist, and theologian.
He is one of the greatest Filipinos who ever lived. At a time
when the Philippine Islands was
under the oppressive rule of the Spaniards, his brilliance and
dedication to his country served as
inspiration for the discontent masses to fight for their
homeland's independence. As a young child, he
studied with high honors at the Ateneo Municipal, a school run
by Jesuits, and in college went to
Unibersidad de Santo Tomas, a Dominican-run university. He went
on to Europe to study medicine,
particularly ophthalmology, to be able to treat his mother, who
had beginning cataracts. Dr. Rizal was
only 26 when he wrote his first book, the Noli Me Tangere. The
words "noli me tangere" mean "do not
touch me," and are taken from the Book of Saint John. The book
was immediately banned by the friars
in the country at that time, for it sought to expose the
latter's corruption and greed. Dr. Rizal's second
novel was the El Filibusterismo, which was the sequel to Noli Me
Tangere.
Dr. Rizal was a peace-loving man, and in his books, he made all
the revolutionary efforts of his
characters fail utterly. He believed that the peaceful way of
reform was the way to change the status
quo in the Philippines then. Dr. Rizal and his allies fought for
the recognition of the Philippines as a
province of Spain. They actively reiterated in their efforts and
in their written works that (1) Spaniards
and Filipinos must be treated as equals; (2) Filipinos must have
a representative to the Spanish
"Cortes" or Legislature; (3) The parishes in the Philippines
must be given to secular priests, and not to
religious orders; and (4) Filipinos should be given the freedom
of speech, freedom of the press, and
the right to fair trial. Above all these, Dr. Rizal and his
compatriots lobbied for the removal of the
religious orders in the Philippines.
After a mock trial, he was convicted of rebellion, sedition and
of forming illegal association. In the cold
morning of December 30, 1896, Rizal, a man whose 35 years of
life had been packed with varied
activities which proved that the Filipino has capacity to equal
if not excel even those who treat him as a
slave, was shot at Bagumbayan Field.
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ANDRES BONIFACIO
Andres Bonifacio was born on November 30, 1863 in Tondo, Manila.
His father Santiago was atailor, a local politician and a boatman
who operated a river-ferry; his mother, Catalina de Castro, was
employed in a cigarette-rolling factory. The couple worked
extremely hard to support Andres and his
five younger siblings, but in 1881 Catalina caught tuberculosis
("consumption") and died. The following
year, Santiago also became ill and passed away.
At the age of 19, Andres Bonifacio was forced to give up plans
for higher education and begin
working full-time to support his orphaned younger siblings. He
worked for the British trading company
J.M. Fleming & Co. as a broker or corredor for local raw
materials such as tar and rattan. He later
moved to the German firm Fressell & Co., where he worked as
a bodeguero or grocer.
He grew up in the slums and knew from practical experience the
actual conditions of the class
struggle in his society. Orphaned early, he interrupted his
primary schooling in order to earn a living as a
craftsman and then as clerk-messenger and agent of foreign
commercial firms in Manila. Absorbing the
teachings of classic rationalism from the works of Jos Rizal,
Victor Hugo's Les Miserables, Eugne Sue's
The Wandering Jew, books on the French Revolution, and the lives
of the presidents of the United
States, Bonifacio acquired an understanding of the dynamics of
the sociohistorical process.
Andres Bonifacio's tragic family history during his youth seems
to have followed him in to his
adulthood. He married twice, but had no surviving children at
the time of his death.
http://infectiousdiseases.about.com/od/diseasesbyname/a/Tuberculosis.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Andres_Bonifacio.jpghttp://infectiousdiseases.about.com/od/diseasesbyname/a/Tuberculosis.htm
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His first wife, Monica, came from the Palomar neighborhood of
Bacoor. She died young ofleprosy
(Hansen's disease).
Bonifacio's second wife, Gregoria de Jesus, came from the
Calookan area of metro Manila. They
married when he was 29 and she was just 18; their only child, a
son, died as an infant.
In 1892, Bonifacio joined Jose Rizal's new organization La Liga
Filipina, which called for reform
of the Spanish colonial regime in the Philippines. The group met
only once, however, since Spanish
officials arrested Rizal immediately after the first meeting and
deported him to the southern island of
Mindanao.
After Rizal's arrest and deportation, Andres Bonifacio and
others revived La Liga to continue
pressure on the Spanish government to free the Philippines.
Along with his friends Ladislao Diwa and
Teodoro Plata, however, he also founded a group called
Katipunan.
Katipunan, or Kataastaasang Kagalannalangang Katipunan ng mga
Anak ng Bayan to give its full
name (literally "Highest and Most Respected Society of the
Children of the Country"), was dedicated to
armed resistance against the colonial government. Made up mostly
of people from the middle and lower
classes, the Katipunan organization soon established regional
branches in a number of provinces
across the Philippines. (It also went by the rather unfortunate
acronym KKK.)
In 1895, Andres Bonifacio became the top leader or Presidente
Supremo of the Katipunan. Along
with his friends Emilio Jacinto and Pio Valenzuela, Bonifacio
also put out a newspaper called the
Kalayaan, or "Freedom.
Bonifacio was self educated and had read books about the French
Revolution, biographies of the
Presidents of the United States, and studied colonial and civil
penal codes. In 1892 he joined a
peaceful organization that called for political reforms in the
Spanish government in the Philippines
called, La Liga Filipina (The Philippine League). Following the
arrest and exile of La Liga Filipina's
leader Jose Rizal, the group disbanded.
After Emilio Aguinaldo "won" the rigged election at Tejeros,
Andres Bonifacio refused to
recognize the new rebel government. Aguinaldo sent a group to
arrest Bonifacio; the opposition leader
did not realize that they were there with ill intent, and
allowed them into his camp. They shot down his
brother Ciriaco, seriously beat his brother Procopio, and some
reports say that they also raped his
young wife Gregoria.
http://rarediseases.about.com/cs/infectiousdisease/a/071203.htmhttp://asianhistory.about.com/od/profilesofasianleaders/p/joserizalbio.htmhttp://terrorism.about.com/od/groupsleader1/p/AbuSayyaf.htmhttp://terrorism.about.com/od/groupsleader1/p/Ku_Klux_Klan.htmhttp://bangawking000.hubpages.com/hub/The-Birth-of-The-Filipino-National-Conciousness-Summaryhttp://bangawking000.hubpages.com/hub/The-Birth-of-The-Filipino-National-Conciousness-Summaryhttp://terrorism.about.com/od/groupsleader1/p/Ku_Klux_Klan.htmhttp://terrorism.about.com/od/groupsleader1/p/AbuSayyaf.htmhttp://asianhistory.about.com/od/profilesofasianleaders/p/joserizalbio.htmhttp://rarediseases.about.com/cs/infectiousdisease/a/071203.htm
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Aguinaldo had Bonifacio and Procopio tried for treason and
sedition. After a one-day sham trial,
in which the defense lawyer averred their guilt rather than
defending them, both Bonifacios were
convicted and sentenced to death.
As the first self-declared President of the independent
Philippines, as well as the first leader of the
Philippine Revolution, Andres Bonifacio is a crucial figure in
that nation's history. However, his exact
legacy is the subject of dispute among Filipino scholars and
citizens. He is Phillipine revolutionary hero,
founded the Katipunan, a secret society which spearheaded the
uprising against the Spanish and laid
the groundwork for the first Philippine Republic.
Jos Rizal is generally considered the National hero, but
Bonifacio has been suggested as a
more worthy candidate on the grounds of having started the
Philippine Revolution. Teodoro Agoncillo
notes that the Philippine national hero, unlike those of other
countries, is not "the leader of its liberation
forces". Renato Constantino writes that Rizal is a "United
States-sponsored hero" who was promoted
as the greatest Filipino hero during the American colonial
period of the Philippines after Aguinaldo lost
the Philippine-American War. The United States promoted Rizal,
who was taken to represent peacefulpolitical advocacy, instead of
more radical figures whose ideas could inspire resistance
against
American rule. Specifically, Rizal was selected over Bonifacio
who was viewed as "too radical" and
Apolinario Mabini who was "unregenerate."
Andres Bonifacio has been honored with a national holiday on his
birthday, however, just like Rizal.
November 30 is Bonifacio Day in the Philippines.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodoro_Agoncillohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_%281898-1946%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine-American_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine-American_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_%281898-1946%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodoro_Agoncillo
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him Asia's first modern non-violent proponent of freedom. Dr.
Rizal is worthy of being our national hero
first of all he had a big part on the revolution not by
promoting it, but by provoking the priars and
encouraging co-Filipino to stand for our freedom not by sword
but by his pen. And looking on his status
had a remarkable one but still he sacrifice this for his love on
his country and countrymen, and even if
he knows going back to Philippines would make him get killed,
still he come back for our country, for he
know his death could lead his countrymen strive harder for the
freedom they received. Actions speak
louder than words but the pen is mightier than the sword. The
war inflicted physical wounds, bloodshed
and death. The novels awakened numb minds to the truth, to the
cruelty of the spaniards.
Bonifacio, will always be one of the greatest icons of
Philippine history. He might not have been
as intelligent as Rizal nor as victorious as Aguinaldo but his
passion for freedom and courage to fight is
irrefutable. Though Rizal hadn't supported his revolutionary
ideals and Aguinaldo never trusted him,
Bonifacio still pursued with his ultimate goal for independence.
His Tagalog translation of Rizal's "Mi
Ultimo Adios" to inspire the Filipino patriots will always be
taken with deep gratitude. Bonifacio didn't
actually defeated the foreign oppressors but his climactic
Katipunan blood-compact ritual, symbolic
tearing up of cedula, and historic "Cry of Balintawak" signaled
the final days of Spanish colonial empire
in this country and are now forever etched in the monuments of
Filipino consciousness. No way did he
have the intellect of Rizal, but I admire the way he came from
extreme poverty and made himself great..
Bonifacio's legendary courage is never far behind. Bonifacio
should have been the national hero
because he wanted for an ultimate freedom for the Philippines
and be separated from the authorities of
Spain and that is through a revolution. Well it is true that
Bonifacio has somewhat got this idea of
freedom from Rizal but it is Bonifacio who put it into action,
what is an idea without an action? . . .
action speaks louder than words of ideas. Andres Bonifacio is a
man of courage and conviction because
despite of everything and though he is a man of scanty education
he fought by the force of his hands
stoutheartedly.
Andres and Jose cannot be faced-off absolutely. These two men
were driven by the same
fervor and noble intentions but used different ways to
accomplish them. As we all know, Dr. Jose Rizal
and Andres Bonifacio, played a great role in the existence of
Philippine Independence. They have
separate ways of fighting the spanish tyranny. Dr. Jose Rizal in
fight he used pen in critiquing while
Andres Bonifacio used bolos and guns, which encourage bloody
revolution. The most important that we
come to think of is, both Dr. Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio
show their love for our country. They have
their own ways of seeking Philippine Independence. They are both
brave in so many ways because
they are great heroes during their time. Comparison should not
be done to this two different person
because No words or deeds which can compare them.
Dr. Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio were one of our great heroes
during our Philippine History.
As mentioned, though they have different techniques in gaining
independence, they both wanted to
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have total independence from Spain. I agree that Rizals title
being our Philippine National Hero is still
debatable up to this time, especially in the world of academe.
Simply because others believe that it
should be Andres Bonifacio who will carry that title, and not
Dr. Jose Rizal. But, in my own opinion,
these two people should not be compared. It is unfair for these
two personalities be compared to each
other because one is extremely opposite from the other. It is
unfair for a rich man to be compared to a
poor man. It is also unfair for a poor man to be compared to a
rich man. It is unfair for a doctor to be
compared to a farmer. It is also unfair for a farmer to be
compared to a doctor. They do not deserve to
be compared to each other because either way, if Rizal didnt
have that great title, both Rizal and
Bonifacio will still be recognized as heroes in our Philippine
History because of their bravery in fighting
against the Spaniards and since they fought for the welfare of
the Filipinos.
Comparing to other is not fair because all of us have our own
ways and styles to be a good
leader like Bonifacio and Rizal. We dont have any right to
compare them. We all know that both of
them are good leaders like the article state that this two
personalities have in common, they are both
brave and great heroes of their time and their only goals is to
have all Filipinos freedom that long been
controlled against Spaniards. For me,its fair to compare between
a rich men and beggars because they
are common; there is no reason why Jesus may not have had in
mind a particular case. Yes,it would be
also fair to a poor man compare to a rich men. A rich man is
just a poor man with money. Bonifacio is
a a Filipino revolutionary leader and one of the main rebel
leaders of the Philippine Revolution against
Spanish colonial rule in the late 19th century. He is regarded
as the Father of the Philippine
Revolution and one of the most influential national heroes of
his country. A freemason, Bonifacio was
the founder of the Katipunan organization which aimed to start
an independence movement against
Spain. While Rizal was a Filipino polymath, nationalist and the
most prominent advocate for reforms in
the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era, He is
considered the Philippines national hero
because he did not fight the spaniards like bonifacio did and he
preferred peaceful transition. The
spaniards will never give our country back to us in a silver
platter! They even sold us to the americans
who until thought they own us! He just wanted a representation
of the indios to the government.
All of us can be a hero of our own country in our own little
ways but with great love,perseverance
and dedication.but it is not good to be compared to anybody
else. Jose rizal and andres bonifacio
should not be compared because they had contributed a lot in our
country in their unique ways.both of
them have the same goal but done in different ways. Jose rizal
want a change and he did it by means
of writing while andres bonifacio did it by using bolos and guns
and engage into a bloody war. But i
salute both of them because they have done a great work. We all
know that they are completely
opposite and would be unfair for both of them to be compared. We
should not compare them but we
have to respect and be proud of them for they have sacrifice
their lives for the greater good of our
country .
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To compare two personalities which came from different state of
life is really unfair, because
who are we to compare them to other without knowing ones
background. Jose Rizal and Andres
Bonifacio had made great contributions to our country and both
were important in our history. Both
names were planted to every filipinos mind and both had shown
bravery and nationalism which are
deserving to be honored, but not to be compared. They were not
perfect persons anyway and each has
imperfections. If rizal use his pen in fighting the Spaniards,
then Bonifacio use his bolos. They may be
different in such way but the thing is they have the same goals,
and that is for our countrys freedom
and the total independence that what bonifacio really aims,
thats why we should be proud of them
because they are both brave heroes which can be proud of, of the
Filipinos. Dr Jose Rizal and Andres
Bonifacio were some of our great heroes who fought for our
rights, for our country and saved us from
from the spaniards, although they have different ways of doing
there warfare or expressing their refusal
against the spanish government during spanish era.It is really
unfair to assimilate them. We Filipino
should know that they both endowed a lot just for us to be
acquitted or release from the Spaniards and
it is not good to hear that we Filipino compare them instead of
glorifying them for their braveness and
sagaciousness. So I agree that we should not compare because
they are our hero.
In the end, I think these two deserve to be national heroes!
There shouldn't just be one hero that
we ought to praise and entitle as the 'national hero.' Rizal and
Bonfiacio had their own characteristicsthat make them a hero.
Without these two, how can Philippines form as a country? They
united the
Filipinos to stand against Spain, so they equally deserve to be
called as National Heroes. The
comparison of Andres and Rizal is obviously unfair. If we
compare them literally, andres is definitely
different and far from rizal with regards to his educational
attainments, profession and status in life. In
the case of fighting for the country, both cannot also be
compared, because we all know that both of
them did their best and offered their lives just to save the
country that theyve been fighting for quite a
long time. so, there is no need for them to be compared because
on the first place, fighting for the
country is not a competition for rizal and andres to be
compared. Education, richness, and
professionalism is not the measurement of being a hero, but the
effort and the heart fully desire to fight
is what matters the most.
They should be honored individually because they are counted for
their differences in the
hardwork and perseverance to fight for the philippines against
the colonizers.Clearly, the situation and
milieu of the times were important in motivating this two men
towards a greater goal.
