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Studying Nature Through Centuries, 6-20 October 2007, Belgrade, Serbia
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Historical Review OfAstro-Geodetic Observations
In Serbia
Vukan Ogrizović
Belgrade University
Faculty Of Civil Engineering
Department Of Geodesy And Geoinformatics
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Geodesy & Astronomy
• Measurements and representation of the Earth, including its gravity field, in a 3D time-varying space
Geodesy [Vaníček, Krakiwsky, 1986.]
• Terrestrial (relative)• Satellite, gravimetric & astrometric (“absolute”)
Types of geodetic measurements
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Role Of Geodetic Astronomy
• Positioning of state geodetic networks• Orientation of networks• Tracing of long traverses
Historically
• Calibration basis for inertial systems• High-resolution geoid determination
Current tasks
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Astro-geodetic geoid
Astronomical levelling
Geoid undulations
B
AdsdN coscos
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Astro-geodetic work in Serbia
• Before 1st World War• Between WW1 & WW2• After WW2
Three phases
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First determinations
• Scientific work of Stevan Bošković in Pulkovo• Differences between surveys of Serbia and
neighbouring countries
Prehistory
• Different orientation of state networks• Neglected vertical deflections
Bošković’s conclusions
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Determinations of Bošković
• Measurements performed between 1900 and 1911• 30 latitude and 30 azimuths measured• Processing finished in 1952
Some details about measurements
• Wars between 1912 and 1920• Need for urgent topographic survey during wartime• Carrying all collected material through Albania to Corfu• Second World War
The time gap between measurements and processing
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Determinations of Bošković
• Two universal instruments Kern• 12 chronometers• aneroids• thermometers
Instruments used
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Between Wars
• Meridian arc measurements (22nd meridian)• Mean parallel 45°• Determinations of Belgrade longitude
Measurements held by Military Geographic Institute
Campaigns were a part of the International determinations of longitudes in 1926 and 1933
• 40 points determined• results published only for 21
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After WW2
• Military geographic institute• Federal geodetic directorate• Astronomical observatory• Institute of geodesy
Relevant institutions
What was measured
• Laplace points (), 26 points• geoid points (), 33 points
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Today
• Intensive use of computers• Easier time keeping• Portability of equipment
Technical possibilities
Institutions working on geodetic problems
• Department of Geodesy & Geoinformatics• Governmental Geodetic Authority• Military Geographic Institute
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• Advanced approach to a standard astrometric method
• Need for portability - use of geodetic equipment
• GPS as time-keeping system
Equal Zenith Distances
1PPS
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• Modular construction
• Zenit-lot as an optical instrument
• CCD camera for star tracks registration
• GPS micro-controller
Observing Zenithal Stars
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Future
• Raising the integration level of modular systems• Incorporating electronic levels for interpretation the
horizontal surface• Device driver improvement
Improvement of measuring systems
• Lack of appropriate funding
Problem
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Thank you for your attention!
“There’s no dark side of the Moon, really. In the matter of fact, it’s all dark”