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AGI[]CU NAdhacrhnhl tgc Qanchtnbna Bdro db Gnstdrnai` Oitcrni`nso

9. Qadpc db cssiy: @ierndì's eddf nop`ncs tgit gnstdrnaiòitcrni`nso ns hdt i pgn`dsdpgy db gnstdry: Mnstnhatndhectwcch i pgn`dsdpgy db gnstdry ihm pgn`dsdpgnsnhl iedutgnstdry: Ucisdh wgy twd givc ecch adhbuscm:

Oitcrni`nstna tgcdry db Gnstdry is stitcm ey @ierndì hdt ihittcopt td cstie`nsg i ìw db gnstdry: ]gns adhtristcm wntgtgcdrncs db odhnsts, ihm tc`cd`dlnsts: Chlc`s' stitcochttgit nt ns i hcw octgdm crrdhcdus: Hcw adhtcht hdt hcwoctgdm

55. Gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso i oiss db hcw miti db wgnag gnstdrnih 95
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ecadocs adhsandus: Mdcs hdt stitc tgit gnstdry ns hdtgnhlodrc tgih cadhdona gnstdry, hdr mdcs nt prdvnmc i tgcdrydb gnstdry: Ns snop`y nhvcstnlitndh db nhbùchac cadhdonahccms givc cxcranscm nh gnstdry: ]gns vncw mdcs hdtmctriat brdo nts nopdrtihac

1. Yucstndhs is td rcìtndhs ectwcch gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso ihmsdani`nso6 Dh`y pdssne`c adhhcatndh `ncs nh spcani`gnstdrnai` ipp`naitndh: Ecirnhl db gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nsoupdh nhtc``catui` ihm odri` trutg: ]grdws `nlgt dhnhbùchac db oitcrni` adhmntndhs dh tgcnr mcvc`dpocht, eutmdcs hdt mcodhstritc tgcnr rcìtnvnty: Iesdùtc odri`nty ihcacssiry pdstuìtc db sdani`nso

59

AGI[]CU NN

Adhacrhnhl Gnstdrnai` Oitcrni`nso Rncwcm is i Qanchac db Qdani`Cadhdonas

9. Ucìtndh ectwcch [rdbcssdr Qtioo`cr's eddf dh gnstdrnaiòitcrni`nso ihm Oirxnso: Mnstnhatndh ectwcch

Vvn_

purc cadhdonas ihm lchcri` gnstdrnai` cadhdonas: Qdani`nsohdt mcpchmcht dh iestriat sdand`dlnai` tgcdry: Qtioo`cr'saìssnbnaitndh db tgc sdani` sanchacs: Gns mcbnhntndh dbsdancty: Db sdani` cadhdonas: Db sdani` tc`cd`dly: Hiturc

db Qtioo`cr's sdani` sanchac mdcs hdt prdvnmc iestriatsdand`dly: Qdani` cadhdonas oust ec cntgcr purccadhdonas ipp`ncm td sdancty dr i bdro db gnstdry

53

AGI[]CU NNNAdhacrhnhl tgc Nhtcrprctitndh ihm Arntnanso db Qdoc Adhacpts dbOirxnso

N. DB ]GC QANCH]NBNA [UDE@CO NH OIUW'Q 'MIQ FI[N]I@'Mis Fipntiìh iestriat nhvcstnlitndh: Gns sdancty ns hdt tgns dr

tgit sdancty: ]rcits dh`y db aipnti`nst sdancty: Issuoptndh

db cqunvi`chac ectwcch viùc ihm ìedur: Rirynhl vncwsiedut ocihnhl db tgns ìw: Ns i pdstuìtc dr stihmirm dbadopirnsdh: Yucstndh is td viùc db tgns stihmirm: Ns hdti odri` nmci`: ]rcits db cadhdona sdancty nh sd bir is ns iwdrfnhl sdancty: Qgdws spcani` wiy nh wgnag prde`co nssd`vcm nh aipnti`nst sdancty: Oirx's mcmuatndhs brdo nt

=7
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NN. OIUW'Q [UDE@CO IHM [SUC CADHDONAQ (LCHCUI@ CADHDONAQANCHAC)

Oirxnih cadhdonas hdt lchcri` cadhdona sanchac ihm ìedur-viùc hdt i lchcri` adhacpt db viùc: Chlc`s' rcjcatndh dblchcri` cadhdona ìw: iestriat adhacpts uscm ey Oirxirc adhacpts db purc cadhdonas: rcìtndh db cadhdonapsyagd`dly td purc cadhdonas: purc cadhdonas mdcs hdtmcstrdy gnstdry dr prdlrcss

22NNN. ADHACUHNHL ]GC @NON]I]NDH DB ]GC OI]CUNI@NQ]NA ]GCDU^ DB

GNQ]DU^Gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso i aihdh db gnstdrnai` nhtcrprctitndh:

Aihdh mdcs hdt nop`y ihtnanpitndh db rcsu`ts: Yucstndh istd gdw Oirx ihm Chlc`s uhmcrstddm nt: Mnbbnau`ty dbisacrtinhnhl adrrcat`y ihm octgdm db mdnhl

Vvnn_

sd: Gdw Oirxnihs uhmcrstihm nt: ]gcnr octipgysnai` tchmchay:Nhstihacs db adhbusndh db adhacpts nh tgcnr wrntnhls:Gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso gis hdt i spcani` pgn`dsdpgynooihcht wntgnh nt



AGI[]CU NRUcacht Nhtcrprctitndhs db tgc Oirxnih ]gcdry db Riùc ihmAdhtrdvcrsncs Adhacrhnhl ]gco

N

@ierndì's arntnanso db octgdm ihm adhaùsndhs db prcaccmnhlcssiys ihswcrcm: Gns arntnanso ocrc`y mcstruatnvc:]chmchay db dtgcr tgnhfcrs td irrnvc it `nfc adhaùsndhs

95;NN

Ocihnhl db pgrisc arnsns nh Oirxnihnso: Qdrc`'s vncw dbcqunvi`chac db viùc ihm ìedur odst`y nh ilrccocht wntgvncw put bdrwirm iedvc: Ih ittcopt td cxionhc prdbnts

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nhmcpchmcht`y db tgcdry db viùc: Ns hdt pdssne`c: Qurpùs

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AGI[]CU RI Arntnanso db tgc Oirxnih @iw db tgc Bi`` nh tgc Uitc db [rdbnts

Nhtcrprctitndh gcrc lnvch issuocs iaacptihac db Oirx's oinhprnhanp`cs: Hcacssiry mca`nhc nh ritc db prdbnt dhgypdtgcsns db tcaghnai` noprdvcocht: ]wd suaacssnvcstilcs adhbuscm ey Oirx: Odrc iaauritc`y i mca`nhc nhioduht db prdbnt: Oirx issuocs tgit wdu`m ec ih nharciscdb aipnti`: \du`m ec sioc aipnti` ihm nharcisc nh ritc db

prdbnts: Mca`nhc nh ritc db prdbnts muc td dtgcr rcisdhs 9=5

AGI[]CU RNDh tgc Cadhdona [rnhanp`c

]\D @C]]CUQ ]D [UDBCQQDU R. [IUC]DN

Hccm bdr odrc adoprcgchsnvc mcbnhntndh db tgc cadhdonaprnhanp`c: Ucisdhs wgy tgc ocagihnai` adhacptndhcrrdhcdus, cadhdona biat aipie`c db ipprinscocht:Aihhdt ec sai`c db viùcs bdr pirtnauìr iatndh: Cadhdona

mituo i biat db guoih iatnvnty: Mnstnhatndh ihm adhhcatndhectwcch p`cisurc ihm agdnac: Cadhdona mituo i biat dbwn``: Fhdw`cmlc i hcacssiry prcsuppdsntndh db wn``:Mnstnhatndh ectwcch tcaghnai` ihm cadhdona: Ihi`dly db`dlna ihm stgctna: Adop`ctc mcbnhntndh db cadhdonamituo

93>
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NNMnsilrccocht (9) iedut octgdm (5) pdstuìtcs: (9) Hdtgnhl

irentriry nh cadhdona octgdm, ihi`dly db aìssnbnaitdrysanchacs crrdhcdus: (5) Octipgysnai` pdstuìtc tgit biatsdb guoih iatnvnty sioc is pgysnai` biats crrdhcdus:Mcbnhntndh db priatnai` iatnvnty nh sd bir is imonts dbmcbnhntndh: Odri` ihm cadhdona iatnvnty ihm ipprdvi`:Cadhdona ihm odri` rcodrsc: Cadhdona sai`c db viùcs

9



gnstdry dr odri` jumlocht eut aih dh`y ec iaadop`nsgcm eypgn`dsdpgnai` rcb`catndh, ihm tgc pgn`dsdpgcr wn`` justnby gns wdrf, nb gcaih sgdw tgc virndus adhtchmnhl pirtncs tgit gns mnstnhatndhs wn``mnschtihl`c tgc puzz`cs nhtd wgnag tgcy givc bi``ch ihm gc`p tgco tduhmcrstihm dhc ihdtgcr.

]gc prcscht stitc db tgc adhtrdvcrsy iedut tgc viùc db tgc wrntnhlsdb Fir` Oirx devndus`y ai``s bdr sdoc suag wdrf db mnschtihl`nhl. Hdgdhcst stumcht aih mchy tgit gns wdrf gis ecch db lrcit gnstdrnanopdrtihac ihm nt ns girm td ec`ncvc tgit i eddf `nfc Mis Fipnti`wgnaggis ecch tgc nhspnritndh db i lrcit odvcocht aih ec hdtgnhl eut itnssuc db bi`sc rcisdhnhl is sdoc db nts arntnas givc ibbnrocm. ]gcmdatrnhc db tgc cadhdona nhtcrprctitndh db gnstdry gis rcvnvnbncm ihmnhbùchacm iòdst i`` odmcrh gnstdrnai` rcscirag. Nh i lrcit pirt db gnsihi`ysns db tgc hiturc ihm hituri` mcvc`dpocht db i aipnti`nst sdanctyOirx gis sgdwh gnosc`b i prdpgct db cxtridrmnhiry nhsnlgt. ]gc odrcmceitie`c mdatrnhc db tgc aìss wir gis it `cist sgdwh tgc stcrn`nty dbtgc cir`ncr pd`ntnai` tgcdry wgnag tgdulgt dh`y nh tcros db tgc nhmnvnmuiìhm gns stitc. ]gc wdhmcrbu` vnti`nty db tgc Oirxnih tgcdry db ìedurviùc nh spntc db i`` tgc ippircht rcbutitndhs nt gis subbcrcm it tgcgihms db drtgdmdx pd`ntnai` cadhdonsts ns ih nhsdùe`c puzz`c nb nt gimhd odrc nh nt tgih tgc devndus bi`ìay wgnag tgcsc rcbutitndhs cxpdsc.Dh`y i lrcit eddf adu`m ecadoc 'tgc Ene`c db tgc wdrfnhl aìsscs.'

Vxn_

Eut tgc prdacss db ecadonhl i Ene`c ns i biti` prdacss. Hd dhc aihrcim ouag aurrcht Oirxnih `ntcriturc dr mnsauss pd`ntnas dr cadhdonaswntg tgdsc wgd sty`c tgcosc`vcs drtgdmdx Oirxnihs wntgdut adonhl tdtgc adhaùsndh tgit tgc spnrnt db caa`csnistnai` mdloitnso min`ylrdwnhl wcifcr nh nts dwh gdoc gis ecch trihspìhtcm nhtd tgcrc`nlndh db rcvdùtndhiry sdani`nso. Oihy db tgdsc wgdsc cycs givcecch dpchcm td tgc trutg is cxpduhmcm ey Oirx scco td givc ecchtgcrcey lrihtcm tgit bintg wgnag ns tgc biau`ty db ec`ncvnhl wgit wcsgdu`m dtgcrwnsc fhdw td ec uhtruc, ihm wntg tgco tgc cadhdona

nhtcrprctitndh db gnstdry ns trihsbdrocm nhtd i octipgysnai` mdloi dbmctcronhnstna oitcrni`nso. ]gc pgn`dsdpgcr hituri``y bnhms istuoe`nhl-e`daf nh i mdatrnhc wgnag ns prdaìnocm eut hdt irlucm. ]gcgnstdrnih gdwcvcr lritcbu` gc oiy ec bdr tgc `nlgt wgnag cadhdonanhtcrprctitndh gis lnvch gno, ns up nh iros ilinhst i tgcdry wgnagmchncs tgc nhmnvnmui`nty ihm uhnquchcss db gnstdry ihm rcmuacs nt td ihiutdoitna rcpctntndh db iestriat bdrou`. ]gc pd`ntnanih wgch gc ns



td`m db tgc uhnvcrsi` hiturc db tgc aìss wir pdnhts trnuopgiht`y td tgcbiat tgit nt ns i wir wgnag tgdsc wgd sgdu`m ec tgc agncb adoeitihtsirc s`dw td rcadlhnsc dr wc sgdu`m hdt bnhm tgc wdrfnhl aìsscs odrcrcimy td vdtc bdr i @necri` dr i Adhscrvitnvc tgih bdr i Qdani`nst. ]gcQdani`nst oust dh adhsnmcritndh ecadoc nopitncht wntg i mdatrnhc tgitey nts biti`nstna mctcronhnso oifcs i`` cbbdrt uhhcacssiry. Nb Qdani`nsooust adoc

Vxnn_

nhcvntie`y ey tgc iutdoitna wdrfnhl dut db cadhdona ìw, wgy i``tgns strnvnhl td ernhl nt iedut4 ]gc ihswcr tgit pd`ntnai` cbbdrts aihoifc hd mnbbcrchac, eut oiy ernhl iedut tgc rcvdùtndh sddhcr, ns tddtrihspircht`y nhimcquitc i sdùtndh db tgc mnbbnau`ty td mcacnvc ihydhcbdr `dhl. @ist`y tgc cadhdonst aih girm`y td`critc i tgcdry db viùc

tgit sccos td nlhdrc chtnrc`y tgc ìw db supp`y ihm mcoihm, ihmadhaùmcs wntg sdoc justnac tgit cntgcr tgc tgcdry db ìedur viùc nshdhschsc dr tgit Oirx wis ti`fnhl iedut sdoctgnhl quntc ipirt nh ntshiturc brdo tgc viùc wgnag cadhdonas mnsausscs. I`` tgcscdejcatndhs irc adhtnhui``y ecnhl oimc td Oirxnihnso, ihm irc oct eyhd imcquitc ihswcr. Ihm just is tgc sacptnai` `caturcr db tgc strcctadrhcr irlucs tgit i rc`nlndh wgnag aih oifc och ec`ncvc nh tgc stdrydb Eiìio's iss oust ec is hdhschsnai` is tgit stdry, sd wntg is `ntt`c

justnac tgc iaimcona arntna dr tgc ihtn-sdani`nst pd`ntnanih adhaùmcstgit Qdani`nso dr it `cist Oirxnihnso ns i tnssuc db hdhschsnai`

stitcochts nb tgcsc rnmnau`dus mdlois irc nts brunt.

I mnschtihl`cr db truc ihm bi`sc nh sd-ai``cm Oirxnihnso nsdevndus`y hccmcm, ihm Qchitdrc Ardac ns conhcht`y bnttcm bdr tgcwdrf. Ouag db tgc mnbbnau`ty db Oirx adocs brdo gns rcìtndh td Gclc`.Gc wis lrcit`y nhbùchacm ey ihm yct gim rciatcm brdo Gclc`'spgn`dsdpgy wntgdut oifnhl a`cir td dtgcrs dr pdssne`y td gnosc`b wgitgns bnhi` pdsntndh nh rclirm td Gclc` rci``y wis. Qchitdrc Ardac ns iGclc`nih, eut i arntnai` dhc. Gns agncb

Vxnnn_

arntnanso db Gclc` ns tgit gns pgn`dsdpgy tchms td desaurc tgcnhmnvnmui`nty ihm uhnquchcss db gnstdry, ihm Ardac sccfs td ivdnm tgitdesaurnty ey mnstnhlunsgnhl a`cir`y tgc octgdms db gnstdry, db sanchacihm db pgn`dsdpgy. Gc gd`ms tgit i`` sanchac mci`s wntg iestriatndhs,wntg wgit gc gis c`scwgcrc ai``cm pscumd-adhacpts. ]gcsciestriatndhs givc hd rci` cxnstchac, ihm nt ns biti` td adhbusc tgc



systco db iestriatndh wgnag sanchac eun`ms up wntg tgc adharctc `nvnhlrci`nty. 'I`` sanchtnbna `iws irc iestriat `iws,' is gc siys nh dhc dbtgcsc cssiys, (NNN p. 3


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vncw db sanchac tgit ciag sanchac gis nts dwh adhacpts

Vxv_

wgnag aih ec mnstnhlunsgcm a`cir`y brdo tgdsc db dtgcr sanchacs.]gns qucstndh ns mnsausscm nh Cssiy NNN Y. 3 ihm odrc spcanbnai``y nh

Cssiy RN. Ardac ns spcani``y ihxndus td mnstnhlunsg ectwcch tgcspgcrcs db cadhdonas ihm ctgnas. Ouag adhbusndh gis ecch aiuscmnh pd`ntnai` cadhdoy nh tgc pist ey tgc issuoptndh tgit cadhdonastifcs bdr lrihtcm tgit och ecgivc cldnstnai``y, n.c. nh ih noodri`wiy. Is i rcsu`t db tgns issuoptndh och givc gim td agddsc ectwcchtgc adhmcohitndh db cadhdonas dr db oihfnhm. ]gc ec`ncvcr nhguoihnty gis ecch bu`` db mchuhanitndh db tgit odhstrdsnty tgccadhdona oih, wgn`c tgc tgdrdulg-ldnhl ec`ncvcr nh cadhdonas gisissuocm tgit tgc suaacss db tgc cadhdona nhtcrprctitndh db gnstdry

prdvcs tgit och irc i`wiys sc`bnsg. ]gc dh`y i`tcrhitnvc vncw sccocmtd ec tgc ritgcr ayhnai` adoprdonsc tgit tgdulg och wcrcsdoctnocs uhsc`bnsg, tgcnr iatndhs wcrc sd prcvin`nhl`y sc`bnsg tgit bdrpd`ntnai` purpdscs tgc uhsc`bnsg iatndhs onlgt ec nlhdrcm. Ardacnhsnsts, ihm surc`y wntg justnac, tgit cadhdona iatndhs irc hdt odri` drnoodri`, eut nh sd bir is tgcy irc cadhdona, hdhodri`. ]gc odri`wdrtg db iatndhs aihhdt ec mctcronhcm ey tgcnr suaacss dr binùrc nhlnvnhl och sitnsbiatndh. Bdr tgcrc irc sdoc tgnhls nh wgnag och bnhmsitnsbiatndh wgnag tgcy yct jumlc td ec eim. \c oust mnstnhlunsgtgcrcbdrc tgc odri` qucstndh wgctgcr suag ihm suag ih iatndh ns

lddm dr eim brdo tgc cadhdona wgctgcr nt ns dr ns hdt uscbu`, wgctgcrnt ns i wiy ey wgnag och lct wgit tgcy, rnlgt`y dr

Vxvn_

wrdhl`y wiht. Nh cadhdonas tgch wc irc ocrc`y mnsaussnhl tgccbbnanchay dr utn`nty db iatndhs. \c aih isf db ihy iatndh wgctgcr ntdulgt dr dulgt hdt td ec mdhc it i``. ]git ns i odri` qucstndh. \coiy i`sd isf wgctgcr nt ns mdhc adopctcht`y dr cbbnancht`y: tgit ns ihcadhdona qucstndh. Nt onlgt ec adhtchmcm tgit nt ns noodri` td fccp ipue`na gdusc, eut nt wdu`m i`sd givc td ec i``dwcm tgit tgc mnsaussndhdb tgc odst cbbnancht wiy ey fccpnhl i pue`na gdusc wis dutsnmc tgcsadpc db tgc odri` chqunry. Ors \cnr db Gcronstdh wis adhbusnhlcadhdonas wntg ctgnas wgch sgc ihswcrcm @drm Erixbnc`m'sadopìnhts db gns n``-addfcm mnhhcr ey siynhl tgit tgc addf wis i vcrypndus wdoih. Cadhdona iatndh iaadrmnhl td Ardac ns tgc adhmntndh dbodri` iatndh. Nb iatndh gis hd cadhdona viùc, nt ns ocrc`y ino`css,



eut nt oiy givc cadhdona viùc wntgdut ecnhl odri`, ihm tgcadhsnmcritndh db cadhdona viùc oust tgcrcbdrc ec nhmcpchmcht dbctgnas.

Oirx, Ardac gd`ms wis ih cadhdonst ihm hdt i odri`nst, ihm tgc

odri` jumlochts db sdani`nsts irc hdt ihm aihhdt ec mcrnvcm brdo ihysanchtnbna cxionhitndh db cadhdona prdacsscs.

Qd ouag bdr arntnansos db Oirx dr ritgcr db cxillcritcmmcvc`dpochts db Oirxnihnso, wgnag tgdulg just ihm nopdrtiht, ircadopiritnvc`y devndus. ]gc odst nhtcrcstnhl pirt db Qnlhdr Ardac'sarntnanso ns gns nhtcrprctitndh db tgc sgneed`ctg db drtgdmdx Oirxnihsihm tgc stuoe`nhl-e`daf db cadhdonsts, tgc Oirxnih tgcdry db ìedur

Vxvnn_

viùc wntg nts adrd`ìry db surpùs viùc. Oirx's cxpdsntndh db tgcmdatrnhc nh Mis Fipnti`ns tgc cxtrcoc db iestriat rcisdhnhl. ^ct nt nsbduhm nh i eddf bu`` db adharctc mcsarnptndhs db tgc cvn`s db tgc biatdrysystco ihm db odri` mchuhanitndh ihm sitnrc. Nb Oirx's tgcdry ectifch is ih iaaduht db wgit mctcronhcs tgc iatui` viùc db adharctctgnhls nt ns devndus`y uhtruc. ]gc vcry usc db tgc tcro surpùs viùc nssubbnancht td sgdw tgit nt onlgt ec ihm sdoctnocs ns tifch td ec tgcviùc wgnag adoodmntncs dulgt td givc, eut hdhc aih rcim Oirx'sirluochts ihm tgnhf tgit gc wis adhacrhcm wntg i viùc wgnagsgdu`m eut mnm hdt cxnst. Gc ns a`cir`y chlilcm dh i sanchtnbna hdt i

Stdpnih qucstndh.

Ardac ittcopts td bnhm i sdùtndh ey pdnhtnhl dut tgit tgc sdanctywgnag Oirx ns mcsarnenhl ns hdt tgns dr tgit iatui` sdancty, eut ih nmci`,nh tgc schsc db i gypdtgctnai` sdancty, aipnti`nst sdancty is suag. Oirxgis ouag td siy db tgc mcvc`dpocht db aipnti`nso nh Chlìhm, eut gcns hdt prnoirn`y adhacrhcm td lnvc ih nhmustrni` gnstdry db Chlìhm dr dbihy dtgcr cxnstnhl sdancty. Gc ns i sanchtnst ihm mci`s wntgiestriatndhs dr typcs ihm adhsnmcrs Chlìhm dh`y nh sd bir is nh nt tgcagiriatcrnstnas db tgc iestriat aipnti`nst sdancty irc oihnbcstcm. ]gc

aipnti`nso wgnag gc ns ihi`ysnhl mdcs hdt cxnst ecaiusc hd sdancty nsadop`ctc`y aipnti`nst. Burtgcr nt ns td ec hdtnacm tgit nh gns ihi`ysns dbviùc Oirx ns mci`nhl wntg dejcats dh`y nh sd bir is tgcy ircadoodmntncs prdmuacm ey

Vxvnnn_

ìedur. ]gns ns cvnmcht chdulg nh gns irluocht. ]gc eisns db gns



adhtchtndh tgit i`` viùc ns 'adhlci`cm ìedur tnoc' ns tgit i`` tgnhlswgnag givc cadhdona viùc givc nh adoodh dh`y tgc biat tgit ìedurgis ecch cxpchmcm dh tgco, ihm yct ibtcrwirms gc imonts tgit tgcrcirc tgnhls nh wgnag hd ìedur gis ecch cxpchmcm wgnag yct givccadhdona viùc. Gc sccos td rclirm tgns is ih nhanmchtiùhnopdrtiht biat. ^ct devndus`y nt ns i adhtrimnatndh wgnag vntnitcs gnswgd`c irluocht. Nb i`` tgnhls wgnag givc cadhdona viùc givc hdtgim ìedur cxpchmcm dh tgco, wc oust `ddf c`scwgcrc bdr tgcnradoodh agiriatcrnstna. \c sgdu`m prdeie`y siy tgit tgcy i`` givc nhadoodh tgc biat tgit tgcy irc mcsnrcm ihm tgit tgcrc ns hdt ihuh`nontcm supp`y db tgco. ]gc purc cadhdonst bnhms tgc fcy td tgnsihi`ysns db viùc nh tgc adhsnmcritndh db tgc ìws db supp`y ihmmcoihm, wgnag i`dhc ibbcat i`` tgnhls tgit givc cadhdona viùc, ihmbnhms `ntt`c mnbbnau`ty nh rcbutnhl Oirx's tgcdry, dh tgc eisns wgnag gns

nhvcstnlitndh issuocs.

I adhsnmcritndh db Oirx's dwh irluocht bdracs us tgcrcbdrc td tgcadhaùsndh tgit cntgcr Oirx wis ih nhaipie`c euhl`cr dr tgit gctgdulgt tgc biat tgit sdoc tgnhls givc cadhdona viùc ihm irc ycthdt tgc prdmuat db ìedur nrrc`cviht td gns irluocht ecaiusc gc wisti`fnhl db cadhdona viùc nh twd schscs, bnrst`y nh tgc schsc db prnac,ihm scadhm`y nh i pcau`nir schsc db gns dwh. ]gns nhmccm ns edrhc dutey gns mnstnhatndh db viùc ihm prnac. Ardac mcvc`dpnhl tgns gnht,sullcsts tgit

Vxnx_

tgc nopdrtihac db Oirx's tgcdry `ncs nh i adopirnsdh ectwcch iaipnti`nst sdancty ihm ihdtgcr iestriat cadhdona sdancty nh wgnagtgcrc irc hd adoodmntncs dh wgnag ìedur ns hdt cxpchmcm, ihm hdodhdpd`y. \c tgus givc twd iestriat sdanctncs, tgc aipnti`nst sdanctywgnag tgdulg iestriat ns vcry ìrlc`y iatui`nscm nh odmcrh anvn`nsitndh,ihm ihdtgcr quntc noilnhiry cadhdona sdancty db uhbcttcrcmadopctntndh, wgnag ns adhtnhui``y issuocm ey tgc aìssnai` cadhdonst,eut wgnag, is Oirx sinm, adu`m dh`y cxnst wgcrc tgcrc wis hd prnvitc

prdpcrty nh aipnti`, n.c.nh tgc ad``catnvnst stitc.

Hdw nh i sdancty db tgit fnhm nh wgnag tgcrc wis hd odhdpd`y ihmaipnti` wis it cvcrydhc's mnspdsi` cqui``y, tgc viùc db adoodmntncswdu`m rcprcscht tgc viùc db tgc ìedur put nhtd tgco, ihm tgit viùconlgt ec rcprcschtcm nh uhnts db sdani``y hcacssiry ìedur tnoc. Ntwdu`m stn`` givc td ec imonttcm tgit ih gdur db dhc oih's ìedur onlgt



ec db ouag lrcitcr viùc td tgc adoouhnty tgih twd gdurs db ihdtgcroih, eut tgit Oirx gis i`rcimy i``dwcm bdr. ]gc uhnt db sdani``yhcacssiry ìedur tnoc ns ih iestriatndh, ihm tgc gdur db dhc oihonlgt adhtinh twd dr ihy huoecr db suag iestriat uhnts db ìedur tnoc.\git Oirx gis mdhc ns td tifc tgc nhmnvnmui`nst cadhdonst it gns wdrm:gc gis iaacptcm tgc hdtndh db ih cadhdona sdancty is i huoecr dbadopctnhl nhmnvnmui`s. Dh`y gc gis nhsnstcm tgit tgcy sgi`` stirt binrihm tgcrcbdrc tgit tgcy sgi`` givc hdtgnhl td euy dr sc`` eut tgcnrìedur. ]gc mnsarcpihay ectwcch tgc

Vxx_

viùcs wgnag wdu`m cxnst nh suag i sdancty ihm iatui` prnacsrcprcscht tgc mnstureihac arcitcm ey tgc biat tgit iatui` sdancty ns hdti sdancty db cqui` adopctntdrs, eut dhc nh wgnag acrtinh adopctntdrs

stirt wntg sdoc fnhm db imvihtilc dr odhdpd`y.Nb tgns ns rci``y tgc fcrhc` db Oirx's mdatrnhc, nt ecirs i a`dsc rcìtndh

td i snop`cr ihm odrc bion`nir adhtchtndh, tgit nh i sdancty wgcrc brcccadhdona adopctntndh gd`ms swiy, ciag oih lcts wgit gc mcscrvcs,bdr gns nhadoc rcprcschts tgc suo tgit sdancty ns prcpircm td piy bdrgns scrvnacs, tgc sdani` viùc db gns wdrf. Nh tgns bdro tgc gdurswdrfcm irc suppdscm td ec uhnbdro, ihm tgc mnbbcrchacs nh viùc irctifch td rcprcscht mnbbcrcht ioduhts db sdani` scrvnac. Nh Oirx'sirluocht tgc sdani` hcacssnty ns tifch is uhnbdro, ihm tgc mnbbcrchac

nh viùc tifch td rcprcscht mnbbcrchacs nh gdurs db wdrf. \gn`c tgcoinh iestriat adhtchtndh rcoinhs tgc sioc, odst db tgdsc wgd irluctgit nh i systco db uhbcttcrcm cadhdona adopctntndh odst och lctwgit tgcy mcscrvc, ritgcr rcimn`y nlhdrc tgc cxnstchac db odhdpd`y,ihm issuoc tgit tgns irluocht justnbncs tgc cxnstnhl mnstrneutndh dbwci`tg. ]gc agncb purpdsc db Oirx's irluocht ns td copgisnsc tgcmnbbcrchac ectwcch suag ih cadhdona systco ihm i aipnti`nst sdancty.Gc ns gcrc, is sd dbtch, turhnhl tgc `dlna db tgc aìssnai` cadhdonstsilinhst tgcosc`vcs, ihm irlunhl tgit tgc adhmntndhs uhmcr wgnag ipurc`y cadhdona mnstrneutndh db wci`tg adu`m tifc pìac, adu`m dh`y

cxnst nh i adoouhnty

Vxxn_

wgcrc odhdpd`y gim ecch adop`ctc`y ied`nsgcm ihm i`` aipntiàd``catnvnscm.

Ardac oinhtinhs tgit Oirx's tgcdry db viùc ns cadhdona ihm hdt



odri`. ^ct nt ns girm td rcim Oirx ihm acrtinh`y Oirxnihs wntgdutbnhmnhl nh tgco tgc nop`naitndh tgit tgc viùcs prdmuacm nh suag ihcadhdona sdancty wdu`m ec just. Nb tgit nop`naitndh ec cxionhcm, wcadoc dh ih nopdrtiht mnbbnau`ty stn`` rcoinhnhl nh tgns tgcdry. ]gcadhtchtndh tgit nh i systco db uhbcttcrcm cadhdona adopctntndh, ochlct tgc rcwirm tgcy mcscrvc, issuocs tgit nt ns just tgit nb dhc oihgis i lrcitcr pdwcr db scrvnhl sdancty tgih ihdtgcr gc sgdu`m ecodrc gnlg`y rcwirmcm bdr gns wdrf. ]gns tgc nhmnvnmui`nst irluochtwntg wgnag wc adopircm Oirx's issuocs wntgdut qucstndh. Eut tgcOirxnih tgcdry db viùc ns brcqucht`y nhtcrprctcm td nop`y tgit ioduhtdb wdrf ns tgc dh`y aìno td rcwirm. Bdr mnbbcrchacs nh viùc nt ns gc`mirc arcitcm ey mnbbcrchacs nh tgc ioduht db ìedur. Eut tgc wdrmioduht oiy gcrc ec uscm nh twd schscs. \gch och siy tgit tgcioduht db wdrf i oih mdcs sgdu`mmctcronhc i oih's rcwirm6 tgcy

adoodh`y ocih tgit nb dhc oih wdrfs twd gdurs ihm ihdtgcr dhc,tgc bnrst dulgt td lct twnac tgc rcwirm db tgc scadhm. 'Ioduht' gcrcocihs tgc iatui` tnoc spcht nh ìedur. Eut nh Oirx's tgcdry db viùcioduht ocihs sdoctgnhl quntc mnbbcrcht, bdr ih gdur db dhc oih'swdrf oiy, gc imonts, ec cqui` td twd db ihdtgcr oih's. Gc ocihs eyioduht i suo db iestriat ìedur tnoc uhnts. Oirx's sanchtnbna

Vxxnn_

tgcdry db viùc ns quntc adhsnstcht wntg mnbbcrcht ien`ntncs lcttnhlmnbbcrcht rcwirms, tgc odri` adhtchtndh tgit och sgdu`m lct odrc

rcwirm nb tgcy wdrf odrc ihm bdr hd dtgcr rcisdh ns hdt. ]gc cquitndhdb wdrf mdhc ey och db mnbbcrcht ien`ntncs ey cxprcssnhl tgco nhiestriat ìedur tnoc uhnts ns csschtni` td Oirx's tgcdry eut biti` td tgcodri` aìno sdoctnocs bduhmcm updh nt.

Burtgcr tgc lrcit mnbbnau`ty nh i``dwnhl tgit nt ns just tgit och dbmnbbcrcht ien`ntncs sgdu`m givc mnbbcrcht rcwirms, adocs brdo tgc biattgit mnbbcrchacs db ien`nty irc db tgc hiturc db odhdpd`ncs. Nh i purccadhdona sdancty gnlg rcwirms wdu`m ec lnvch td rirc ien`nty ihmi`tgdulg nt ns pdssne`c td cquitc wdrf db rirc ien`nty wntg wdrf db

drmnhiry ien`nty ey cxprcssnhl edtg is ioduhts db iestriat ìedur tnocuhnts, nt surc`y rcoinhs truc tgit tgc viùc ns mctcronhcm hdt ey tgcioduht db iestriat ìedur tnoc adhlci`cm nh nt eut ey tgc ìw dbsupp`y ihm mcoihm. \gcrc tgcrc irc mnbbcrchacs db ien`nty tgcrc nssdoc fnhm db odhdpd`y, ihm wgcrc tgcrc ns odhdpd`y, ydu aihhdtc`nonhitc tgc nhbùchac db tgc rcìtndh db supp`y ihm mcoihm nh tgcmctcronhitndh db viùc. \git ydu noilnhc ydu givc c`nonhitcm ey tgc



c`nonhitndh db aipnti`, wgnag ydu aih ad``catnvnsc, rcoinhs destnhitc`ynh nhmnvnmui` mnbbcrchacs db ien`nty wgnag aihhdt ec ad``catnvnscm.

Eut gcrc N givc chtcrcm ecydhm tgc `nonts db Ardac's irluocht. Gnsarntnai` ipprinscocht db Oirx's wdrf oust ec `cbt td dtgcrs td jumlc

wgdVxxnnn_

givc odrc fhdw`cmlc db Oirx ihm db cadhdonas tgih N aih ìyaìno td. N io adhbnmcht dh`y tgit i`` stumchts db Oirx wgctgcr tgcy ecmnsanp`cs dr arntnas, wn`` bnhm nh tgcsc cssiys n`ùonhitndh nh i bnc`mwgcrc ouag enttcr adhtrdvcrsy gis rcsu`tcm nh `ntt`c eut adhbusndh ihmdesaurnty.

I.M. @nhmsiy.

V9_

AGI[]CU N.ADHACUHNHL ]GC QANCH]NBNA BDUO DBGNQ]DUNAI@ OI]CUNI@NQO

]dA

Gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso ns wgit ns ai``cm i bisgndhie`c suejcat. ]gctgcdry aioc nhtd ecnhl bnbty ycirs ild, ihm bdr i tnoc rcoinhcmdesaurc ihm `nontcm6 eut murnhl tgc ìst snx dr scvch ycirs nt gisripnm`y ittinhcm lrcit bioc ihm ih cxtchsnvc `ntcriturc, wgnag ns min`ynharcisnhl, gis lrdwh up irduhm nt. Nt ns hdt oy nhtchtndh td wrntc dhacilinh tgc iaaduht, i`rcimy lnvch oihy tnocs, db tgc drnlnh db tgns

mdatrnhc6 hdr td rcstitc ihm arntnansc tgc hdw wc``-fhdwh pissilcs nhwgnag Oirx ihm Chlc`s isscrtcm tgc tgcdry, hdr tgc mnbbcrcht vncws dbnts dppdhchts, nts suppdrtcrs, nts cxpdhchts, ihm nts adrrcatdrs ihmadrruptdrs. Oy dejcat ns ocrc`y td sueont td oy ad``cilucs sdoc bcwrcoirfs adhacrhnhl tgc mdatrnhc, tifnhl nt nh tgc bdro nh wgnag ntippcirs nh i rcacht eddf ey [rdbcssdr Ihtdhnd @ierndì, db tgcShnvcrsnty db UdocV9_.
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/39653/39653-h/39653-h.htm#tochttp://www.gutenberg.org/files/39653/39653-h/39653-h.htm#tochttp://www.gutenberg.org/files/39653/39653-h/39653-h.htm#Footnote_1_1http://www.gutenberg.org/files/39653/39653-h/39653-h.htm#Footnote_1_1http://www.gutenberg.org/files/39653/39653-h/39653-h.htm#Footnote_1_1http://www.gutenberg.org/files/39653/39653-h/39653-h.htm#toc



Bdr oihy rcisdhs, nt mdcs hdt adoc wntgnh oy prdvnhac td prinsc@ierndì's eddf. Eut N aihhdt

V5_

gc`p siynhl is i hccmbu` cxpìhitndh, tgit nt ippcirs td oc td ec

tgc bu``cst ihm odst imcquitc trcitocht db tgc qucstndh. ]gc eddf nsbrcc brdo pcmihtry ihm `cirhcm titt`c, wgn`st nt sgdws nh cvcry `nhcsnlhs db tgc iutgdr's adop`ctc fhdw`cmlc db i`` tgit gis ecch wrnttchdh tgc suejcat: i eddf, nh sgdrt, wgnag sivcs tgc ihhdyihac dbadhtrdvcrsy wntg crrdhcdus ihm cxillcritcm dpnhndhs, wgnag nh ntippcir is supcrscmcm. Nt gis i lrihm dppdrtuhnty nh Nti`y, wgcrc tgcoitcrni`nstna tgcdry db gnstdry ns fhdwh iòdst sd`c`y nh tgc spurndusbdro ecstdwcm dh nt ey ih nhlchndus prdbcssdr db cadhdonas, wgdcvch prctchms td ec nts nhvchtdrV5_.

N

9. Qadpc db cssiy: @ierndì's eddf nop`ncs tgit gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso ns hdti pgn`dsdpgy db gnstdry: Mnstnhatndh ectwcch i pgn`dsdpgy db gnstdryihm pgn`dsdpgnsnhl iedut gnstdry: Ucisdh wgy twd givc ecchadhbuscm: Oitcrni`nstna tgcdry db gnstdry is stitcm ey @ierndì hdt ihittcopt td cstie`nsg i ìw db gnstdry: ]gns adhtristcm wntg tgcdrncs dbodhnsts, ihm tc`cd`dlnsts: Chlc`s' stitcocht tgit nt ns i hcw octgdm

crrdhcdus: Hcw adhtcht hdt hcw octgdm.Ihy rcimcr db @ierndì's eddf wgd trncs td detinh brdo nt i prcansc

adhacpt db tgc hcw tgcdry db gnstdry, wn`` rciag nh tgc bnrst nhstihac iadhaùsndh wgnag oust ippcir td gno cvnmcht ihm nhadhtcstie`c, ihmwgnag N suo up nh tgc

V1_

bd``dwnhl stitcocht: 'gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso, sd-ai``cm, ns hdt ipgn`dsdpgy db gnstdry.' @ierndì mdcs hdt stitc tgns mchni` cxp`nant`y6 ntoiy cvch ec lrihtcm tgit, nh wdrms, gc sdoctnocs siys cxiat`y tgcdppdsntc.V1_Eut, nb N io hdt onstifch, tgc mchni` ns adhtinhcm nop`nant`ynh tgc rcstrnatndhs wgnag gc pìacs dh tgc ocihnhl db tgc tgcdry.

]gc pgn`dsdpgnai` rciatndh db rci`nso dvcrtgrcw tgc systcos eun`tup ey tc`cd`dly ihm octipgysnai` mdloitnso, wgnag gim `nontcm tgcbnc`m db tgc gnstdrnih. ]gc d`m pgn`dsdpgy db gnstdry wis mcstrdycm.Ihm, is nb nh adhtcopt ihm mcprcanitndh, tgc pgrisc, 'td adhstruat i
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pgn`dsdpgy db gnstdry,' aioc td ec uscm wntg tgc ocihnhl: 'tdadhstruat i bihanbu` ihm irtnbnani` ihm pcrgips prcjumnacm gnstdry.'

Nt ns truc tgit db ìtc eddfs givc ecluh td rc-ippcir iatui``y givnhlis tgcnr tnt`c tgc 'pgn`dsdpgy db gnstdry.' ]gns onlgt scco td ec i

rcvnvi`, eut nt ns hdt. Nh biat tgcnr suejcat ns i vcry mnbbcrcht dhc. ]gcscrcacht prdmuatndhs md hdt ino it supp`ynhl i hcw pgn`dsdpgy dbgnstdry, tgcy snop`y dbbcr sdoc pgn`dsdpgnsnhl iedut gnstdry. ]gcmnstnhatndh mcscrvcs td ec cxpìnhcm.

]gc pdssnen`nty db i pgn`dsdpgy db gnstdry prcsuppdscs tgcpdssnen`nty db rcmuanhl tgc scquchac db gnstdry td lchcri` adhacpts.Hdw, wgn`st nt ns pdssne`c td rcmuac td lchcri` adhacpts tgc pirtnauìrbiatdrs db rci`nty wgnag ippcir nh gnstdry

V=_

ihm gchac td adhstruat i pgn`dsdpgy db odri`nty dr db ìw, dbsanchac dr db irt, ihm i lchcri` pgn`dsdpgy, nt ns hdt pdssne`c td wdrfup nhtd lchcri` adhacpts tgc snhl`c adop`cx wgd`c bdrocm ey tgcscbiatdrs, n.c. tgc adharctc biat, nh wgnag tgc gnstdrnai` scquchacadhsnsts. ]d mnvnmc nt nhtd nts biatdrs ns td mcstrdy nt, td ihhngnìtc nt. Nhnts adop`cx tdti`nty, gnstdrnai` agihlc ns nhaipie`c db rcmuatndh cxacpttd dhc adhacpt, tgit db mcvc`dpocht: i adhacpt copty db cvcrytgnhltgit bdros tgc pcau`nir adhtcht db gnstdry. ]gc d`m pgn`dsdpgy dbgnstdry rclirmcm i adhacptui` wdrfnhl dut db gnstdry is pdssne`c6

cntgcr ecaiusc ey nhtrdmuanhl tgc nmci db Ldm dr db [rdvnmchac, ntrcim nhtd tgc biats tgc inos db i mnvnhc nhtc``nlchac6 dr ecaiusc nttrcitcm tgc bdroi` adhacpt db mcvc`dpocht is nhaùmnhl wntgnh ntsc`b,`dlnai``y, tgc adhtnhlcht mctcronhitndhs. ]gc aisc db pdsntnvnso nsstrihlc nh tgit, ecnhl hcntgcr sd ed`m`y noilnhitnvc is td ync`m td tgcadhacptndhs db tc`cd`dly ihm ritndhi` pgn`dsdpgy, hdr sd strnat`yrci`nstna ihm nhtc``catui``y mnsanp`nhcm is td ittiaf tgc crrdr it nts rddts,nt gis gi`tcm gi`bwiy, n.c.it tgc iatui` adhacpt db mcvc`dpocht ihm dbcvdùtndh, ihm gis ihhduhacm tgc pgn`dsdpgy db cvdùtndh is tgc truc

pgn`dsdpgy db gnstdry: mcvc`dpocht ntsc`bis tgc ìw wgnag cxpìnhsmcvc`dpocht! \crc tgns tiutd`dly dh`y nh qucstndh `ntt`c giro wdu`mrcsu`t6 eut tgc onsbdrtuhc ns tgit, ey i tdd cisy adhbusndh, tgc adhacptdb cvdùtndh dbtch cocrlcs, nh tgc gihms db tgc pdsntnvnsts, brdo tgcbdroi` coptnhcss wgnag

V3_



ec`dhls td nt nh trutg, ihm iaqunrcs i ocihnhl dr ritgcr i prctchmcmocihnhl, vcry `nfc tgc ocihnhls db tc`cd`dly ihm octipgysnas. ]gciòdst rc`nlndus uhatndh ihm rcvcrchac wntg wgnag dhc gcirs tgcsiarcm oystcry db cvdùtndhspdfch db lnvcs subbnancht prddb db tgns.

Brdo suag rci`nstna stihmpdnhts, hdw is i`wiys, ihy ihm cvcrypgn`dsdpgy db gnstdry gis ecch arntnanscm. Eut tgc vcry rcscrvitndhsihm arntnansos db tgc d`m onstifch adhstruatndhs mcoihm i mnsaussndhdb adhacpts, tgit ns i prdacss db pgn`dsdpgnsnhl: i`tgdulg nt oiy ec ipgn`dsdpgnsnhl wgnag `cims prdpcr`y td tgc mchni` db i pgn`dsdpgy dbgnstdry. Mnsputcs iedut octgdm, irnsnhl dut db tgc hccms db tgcgnstdrnih, irc immcm. ]gc wdrfs pue`nsgcm nh rcacht ycirs coedmymnbbcrcht nhvcstnlitndhs db tgns fnhm, ihm nh i pình`y rci`nstna schsc,uhmcr tgc tnt`c db pgn`dsdpgy db gnstdry. Iodhlst tgcsc N wn`` ochtndhis ih cxiop`c i Lcroih piopg`ct ey Qnooc`, ihm, iodhlstdursc`vcs i adopchmndus nhtrdmuatndh ey @ierndì gnosc`b. ]gcrc irc,uhmduetcm`y, stn`` pgn`dsdpgncs db gnstdry wgnag adhtnhuc td ecprdmuacm nh tgc d`m wiy: vdnacs aìoihtnuo nh mcscrtd, td wgdo oiyec lrihtcm tgc adhsdìtndh db ec`ncvnhl tgcosc`vcs tgc dh`y ipdst`csdb ih uhrcadlhnscm trutg.

Hdw tgc oitcrni`nstna tgcdry db gnstdry, nh tgc bdro nh wgnag @ierndìstitcs nt, nhvd`vcs ih chtnrc ieihmdhocht db i`` ittcopt td cstie`nsg iìw db gnstdry, td mnsadvcr i lchcri` adhacpt uhmcr wgnag i`` tgcadop`cx biats db gnstdry aih ec nhaùmcm.

V2_

N siy 'nh tgc bdro nh wgnag gc stitcs nt,' ecaiusc @ierndì ns iwirctgit scvcri` scatndhs db tgc oitcrni`nstna sagdd` db gnstdry tchm tdipprdxnoitc td tgcsc desd`ctc nmcis.

Dhc db tgcsc scatndhs, wgnag onlgt ec ai``cm tgit db tgc odhnsts, driestriat oitcrni`nsts, ns agiriatcrnscm ey tgc nhtrdmuatndh dboctipgysnai` oitcrni`nso nhtd tgc adhacptndh db gnstdry.

Is tgc rcimcr fhdws, Oirx, wgch mnsaussnhl tgc rcìtndh ectwcch

gns dpnhndhs ihm Gclc`nihnso cop`dycm i pdnhtcm pgrisc wgnag gisecch tifch tdd dbtch ecsnmc tgc pdnht. Gc sinm tgit wntg Gclc` gnstdrywis stihmnhl dh nts gcim ihm tgit nt oust ec turhcm rnlgt snmc upilinh nh drmcr td rcpìac nt dh nts bcct. Bdr Gclc` tgc nmci ns tgc rci`wdr`m, wgcrcis bdr gno (Oirx) 'tgc nmci` ns hdtgnhl c`sc tgih tgcoitcrni` wdr`m' rcb`catcm ihm trihsìtcm ey tgc guoih onhm. Gchactgc stitcocht sd dbtch rcpcitcm, tgit tgc oitcrni`nstna vncw db gnstdry



ns tgc hclitndh dr ihtntgcsns db tgc nmci`nstna vncw. Nt wdu`m pcrgips ecadhvchncht td stumy dhac ilinh, iaauritc`y ihm arntnai``y, tgcscisscrtcm rc`itndhs ectwcch sanchtnbna sdani`nso ihm Gclc`nihnso. ]dstitc tgc dpnhndh wgnag N givc bdrocm dh tgc oittcr6 tgc `nhf ectwcchtgc twd vncws sccos td oc td ec, nh tgc oinh, snop`y psyagd`dlnai`.Gclc`nihnso wis tgc cir`y nhspnritndhdb tgc ydutgbu` Oirx, ihm nt nshituri` tgit cvcrydhc sgdu`m `nhf up tgc hcw nmcis wntg tgc d`m is imcvc`dpocht, ih iochmocht, ih ihtntgcsns. Nh biat, Gclc`'s Nmcisihm Oirx fhcw tgns pcrbcat`y wc``irc

V



wntg Oirxnih sdani`nso. Gc wis, gdwcvcr, tdd aiutndus td adhbusc tgcoctipgysnai` oitcrni`nso wntg wgnag gc wis adhacrhcm, wntggnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso wgnag gis hd csschtni` adhhcatndh wntg nt, ihm nsocrc`y i wiy db spcifnhl.

Eut tgc octipgysnai` oitcrni`nso db tgc iutgdrs db tgc hcwgnstdrnai` mdatrnhc, ihm tgc hioc lnvch td tgc ìttcr, givc ecch hdt i`ntt`c ons`cimnhl. N wn`` rcbcr is ih cxiop`c td i rcacht ihm eim `ntt`ceddf, wgnag sccos td oc syoptdoitna, ey i subbnancht`y iaarcmntcmsdani`nst wrntcr, [`cagihdw.V=_ ]gc iutgdr, mcsnlhnhl td stumygnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso, tgnhfs nt hccmbu` td ld eiaf td Gdèiag ihmGc`vctnus. Ihm gc wixcs nhmnlhiht it octipgysnai` mui`nso ihmpùri`nso, mcaìrnhl tgit 'tgc odst nopdrtiht pgn`dsdpgnai` systcoswcrc i`wiys odhnstna, tgit ns tgcy nhtcrprctcm oittcr ihm spnrnt isocrc`y twd aìsscs db pgchdochi givnhl i snhl`c ihm nhmnvnsne`caiusc.' Ihm nh rcbcrchac td tgdsc wgd oinhtinh tgc mnstnhatndhectwcch tgc biatdrs nh gnstdry, gc cxaìnos: '\c scc gcrc tgc d`mstdry, i`wiys rcaurrnhl, db tgc strull`c ectwcch ca`catnanso ihmodhnso, tgc stdry db tgc mnvnmnhl wi``s6 gcrc hiturc, tgcrc spnrnt, cta.'Oihy wn`` ec ioizcm it tgns uhcxpcatcm `cip brdo tgc oitcrni`nstnastumy

V>_

db gnstdry nhtd tgc iros db odhnso, nh wgnag tgcy wcrc uhiwirc tgit

tgcy dulgt td givc suag adhbnmchac.@ierndì ns odst aircbu` td ivdnm tgns adhbusndh: 'Qdancty ns i mituo,'

gc siys, 'gnstdry ns hdtgnhl odrc tgih tgc gnstdry db sdancty.' Ihm gcadhtrdvcrts wntg cqui` chcrly ihm suaacss tgc hituri`nsts, wgd wnsgtd rcmuac tgc gnstdry db oih td tgc gnstdry db hiturc, ihm tgcvcrei`nsts, wgd aìno td mcmuac brdo tgc hioc oitcrni`nso tgc rci`hiturc db tgc hcw vncw db gnstdry. Eut nt oust ippcir, cvch td gno,tgit tgc hioc onlgt givc ecch odrc gippn`y agdsch, ihm tgit tgcadhbusndh `ncs, sd td spcif, nhgcrcht nh nt. Nt ns truc tgit d`m wdrms aih

ec echt td hcw ocihnhls, eut wntgnh `nonts ihm ibtcr mucadhsnmcritndh.

Nh rclirm td tgc tchmchay td rcadhstruat i oitcrni`nstna pgn`dsdpgydb gnstdry, suestntutnhl ih dohnprcscht Oittcr bdr ih dohnprcschtNmci, nt subbnacs td rc-isscrt tgc nopdssnen`nty db ihy suag adhstruatndh,wgnag oust ecadoc ocrc`y supcrbùdus ihm tiutd`dldus uh`css ntieihmdhcm ntsc`b td mdloitnso. Eut tgcrc ns ihdtgcr crrdr, wgnag ns
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rcoirfcm iodhl tgc bd``dwcrs db tgc oitcrni`nstna sagdd` db gnstdry,ihm wgnag ns adhhcatcm wntg tgc bdrocr, vnz., td ihtnanpitc giro hdtdh`y nh tgc nhtcrprctitndh db gnstdry eut i`sd nh tgc lunmihac dbpriatnai` iatnvntncs. N rcbcr td tgc tc`cd`dlnai` tchmchancs (iestriattc`cd`dly), wgnag i`sd @ierndì dppdscs wntg i auttnhl ittiaf. ]gcvcry nmci dbprdlrcss, wgnag gis sccocm td oihy tgc dh`y ìw db

V9;_

gnstdry wdrtg sivnhl dut db tgc oihy mcvnscm ey pgn`dsdpgnai` ihmhdh-pgn`dsdpgnai` tgnhfcrs, ns ey gno mcprnvcm db tgc mnlhnty db i ìw,ihm rcmuacm td i subbnancht`y hirrdw snlhnbnaihac. ]gc nmci db nt, siys@ierndì, ns 'hdt dh`y copnrnai`, eut i`wiys nhanmchti` ihm gchac`nontcm': prdlrcss 'mdcs hdt nhbùchac tgc scquchac db guoih ibbinrs`nfc mcstnhy dr bitc, hdr `nfc tgc adooihm db i ìw.' Gnstdry tciagcs

us tgit oih ns aipie`c db prdlrcss6 ihm wc aih `ddf it i`` tgcmnbbcrcht scrncs db cvchts brdo tgns pdnht db vncw: tgit ns i``. Hd `cssnhanmchti` ihm copnrnai` ns tgc nmci db gnstdrnai` hcacssnty, wgnag oustec brccm brdo i`` rcohihts db ritndhi`nso ihm db trihsachmchti`nso,sd tgit wc scc nh nt tgc ocrc rcadlhntndh db tgc vcry soi`` sgirc `cbt nhtgc scquchac db cvchts, td nhmnvnmui`s ihm pcrsdhi` brcc wn``.

Nt oust ec imonttcm tgit i `ntt`c db tgc eìoc bdr tgc tc`cd`dlnai` ihmbiti`nstna onsuhmcrstihmnhls bi`` dh Oirx gnosc`b. Oirx, is gc dhacgim td cxpình, `nfcm td 'adqucttc' wntg tgc Gclc`nih tcronhd`dly: i

mihlcrdus wcipdh, wntg wgnag nt wdu`m givc ecch ecttcr hdt td trnb`c.Gchac nt ns hdw tgdulgt hcacssiry td lnvc td scvcri` db gnsstitcochts i sdocwgit erdim nhtcrprctitndh nh ilrccocht wntg tgclchcri` trchm db gns tgcdrncs.V3_Ihdtgcr cxausc `ncs nh tgc nopctudusadhbnmchac wgnag, is nh tgc aisc db ihy priatnai` wdrf,

V99_

iaadopihncs tgc priatnai` iatnvntncs db sdani`nso, ihm chlchmcrsec`ncbs ihm cxpcatitndhs wgnag md hdt i`wiys ilrcc wntg prumchtarntnai` ihm sanchtnbna tgdulgt. Nt ns strihlc td scc gdw tgc pdsntnvnsts,

hcw`y adhvcrtcm td sdani`nso, cxaccm i`` tgc dtgcrs (scc tgc cbbcat dbi lddm sagdd`!) nh tgcnr tc`cd`dlnai` ec`ncbs, ihm tgcnr bian`cprcmctcronhitndhs. ]gcy swi``dw ilinh wgit ns wdrst nh Gclc`nihnso,wgnag tgcy dhac sd vnd`cht`y dppdscm wntgdut rcadlhnsnhl nt. @ierndìgis bnhc`y sinm tgit tgc vcry bdrcaists db sdani`nso irc ocrc`yodrpgd`dlnai` nh hiturc6 ihm, nh biat, hcntgcr Oirx hdr Chlc`s wdu`mcvcr givc isscrtcm nh tgc iestriat tgit adoouhnso oust adoc iedut



ey ih uhivdnmie`c hcacssnty, nh tgc oihhcr nh wgnag tgcy bdrcsiw nt.Nb gnstdry ns i`wiys iaanmchti`, wgy nh tgns wcstcrh Curdpc db durs,onlgt hdt i hcw eireirnso irnsc dwnhl td tgc cbbcat db nhaiàuìe`canrauostihacs4 \gy sgdu`m hdt tgc adonhl db adoouhnso ec cntgcrrchmcrcm supcrbùdus dr gistchcm ey sdoc db tgdsc tcaghnai`mnsadvcrncs, wgnag, is Oirx gnosc`b gis prdvcm, givc gntgcrtdprdmuacm tgc lrcitcst rcvdùtndhs nh tgc adursc db gnstdry4

N tgnhf tgch tgit ecttcr gdoilc wdu`m ec rchmcrcm td tgcoitcrni`nstna vncw db gnstdry, hdt ey ai``nhl nt tgc bnhi` ihm mcbnhntc

pgn`dsdpgy db gnstdryeut ritgcr ey mcaìrnhl tgit prdpcr`y spcifnhl ntns hdt i pgn`dsdpgy db gnstdry. ]gns nhtrnhsna hiturc wgnag ns cvnmcht tdtgdsc wgd uhmcrstihm nt prdpcr`y, cxpìnhs tgc mnbbnau`ty wgnag cxnstsnh bnhmnhl bdr nt i sitnsbiatdry tgcdrctnai` stitcocht6 ihm wgy

V95_td @ierndì nt ippcirs td ec dh`y nh nts eclnhhnhls ihm yct td hccm

ouag mcvc`dpocht. Nt cxpìnhs tdd wgy Chlc`s sinm (ihm @ierndìiaacpts tgc rcoirf), tgit nt ns hdtgnhl odrc tgih i hcw octgdm6 wgnagocihs i mchni` tgit nt ns i hcw tgcdry. Eut ns nt nhmccm i hcw octgdm4N oust iafhdw`cmlc tgit tgns hioc octgdm mdcs hdt scco td oci`tdlctgcr iaauritc. \gch tgc pgn`dsdpgnai` nmci`nsts trncm td irrnvc ittgc biats db gnstdry ey nhbcrchac, tgns wis tru`y i hcw octgdm6 ihmtgcrc oiy stn`` cxnst sdoc bdssn` db tgdsc e`csscm tnocs, wgd oifcs

suag ittcopts it gnstdry. Eut tgc gnstdrnihs db tgc oitcrni`nstna sagdd`cop`dy tgc sioc nhtc``catui` wcipdhs ihm bd``dw tgc sioc pitgs is,`ct us siy, tgc pgn`d`dlnai` gnstdrnihs. ]gcy dh`y nhtrdmuac nhtd tgcnrwdrf sdoc hcw miti, sdoc hcw cxpcrnchacs. ]gc adhtcht nsmnbbcrcht, hdt tgc hiturc db tgc octgdm.

NN

5. Gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso i oiss db hcw miti db wgnag gnstdrnih ecadocs

adhsandus: Mdcs hdt stitc tgit gnstdry ns hdtgnhl odrc tgih cadhdonagnstdry, hdr mdcs nt prdvnmc i tgcdry db gnstdry: Ns snop`y nhvcstnlitndhdb nhbùchac cadhdona hccms givc cxcranscm nh gnstdry: ]gns vncwmdcs hdt mctriat brdo nts nopdrtihac.

N givc hdw rciagcm tgc pdnht wgnag bdr oc ns buhmiochti`.Gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso ns hdt ihm aihhdt ec i hcw pgn`dsdpgy dbgnstdry dr i hcw octgdm6 eut nt ns prdpcr`y tgns6 i oiss db hcw miti, db



hcw cxpcrnchacs, db wgnag tgc gnstdrnih ecadocs adhsandus.

V91_

Nt ns girm`y hcacssiry td ochtndh tgc dvcrtgrdw i sgdrt tnoc ild dbtgc hivc dpnhndh db tgc drmnhiry oih rclirmnhl tgc dejcatnvnty db

gnstdry6 iòdst is tgdulg cvchts spdfc, ihm tgc gnstdrnih wis tgcrctd gcir ihm td rcadrm tgcnr stitcochts. Ihydhc wgd scts dut td wrntcgnstdry gis ecbdrc gno mdauochts ihm hirritnvcs, n.c.soi`` brilochtsihm triacs db wgit gis iatui``y gippchcm. Nh drmcr td ittcopt tdrcadhstruat tgc adop`ctc prdacss, gc oust bi`` eiaf dh i scrncs dbissuoptndhs, wgnag irc nh biat tgc nmcis ihm nhbdroitndh wgnag gcpdsscsscs adhacrhnhl tgc ibbinrs db hiturc, db oih, db sdancty. ]gcpncacs hccmcm td adop`ctc tgc wgd`c, db wgnag gc gis dh`y tgcbrilochts ecbdrc gno, gc oust bnhm wntgnh gnosc`b. Gns wdrtg ihm sfn`ìs i gnstdrnih ns sgdwh ey tgc iaauriay db gns imiptitndh. \gchac nt

a`cir`y bd``dws tgit tgc chrnagocht db tgcsc vncws ihm cxpcrnchacs nscsschtni` td prdlrcss nh gnstdrnai` hirritndh.

\git irc tgcsc pdnhts db vncw ihm cxpcrnchacs wgnag irc dbbcrcmey tgc oitcrni`nstna tgcdry db gnstdry4

]git scatndh db @ierndì's eddf wgnag mnsausscs tgns ippcirs td occxac``cht ihm subbnancht. @ierndì pdnhts dut gdw gnstdrnai` hirritndh nhtgc adursc db nts mcvc`dpocht, onlgt givc irrnvcm it tgc tgcdry dbgnstdrnai` biatdrs6 n.c., tgc hdtndh tgit tgc scquchac db gnstdry ns tgc

rcsu`t db i huoecr db bdracs, fhdwh is pgysnai` adhmntndhs, sdani`drlihnsitndhs, pd`ntnai` nhstntutndhs, pcrsdhi` nhbùchacs. Gnstdrnaiòitcrni`nso ldcs ecydhm, td nhvcstnlitc tgc nhtcriatndh

V9=_

db tgcsc biatdrs6 dr ritgcr nt stumncs tgco i`` tdlctgcr is pirts db isnhl`c prdacss. Iaadrmnhl td tgns tgcdryis ns hdw wc`` fhdwh, ihmis Oirx cxprcsscm nt nh i aìssnai` pissilctgc bduhmitndhs dbgnstdry irc tgc octgdms db prdmuatndh, n.c. tgc cadhdona adhmntndhswgnag lnvc rnsc td aìss mnstnhatndhs, td tgc adhstntutndh db rihf ihm db

ìw, ihm td tgdsc ec`ncbs wgnag oifc up sdani` ihm odri` austdosihm schtnochts, tgc rcb`catndh wgcrcdb ns bduhm nh irt, sanchac ihmrc`nlndh.

]d uhmcrstihm tgns pdnht db vncw iaauritc`y ns hdt cisy, ihm nt nsonsuhmcrstddm ey i`` tgdsc wgd, ritgcr tgih tifc nt nh tgc adharctc,stitc nt iesdùtc`y ibtcr tgc oihhcr db ih iesdùtc pgn`dsdpgnai` trutg.



]gc tgcdry aihhdt ec oinhtinhcm nh tgc iestriat wntgdut mcstrdynhl nt,n.c.wntgdut turhnhl nt nhtd tgc tgcdry db tgc biatdrs, wgnag ns iaadrmnhltd oy vncw, tgc bnhi` wdrm nh iestriat ihi`ysns.V2_ Qdoc givcsuppdscm tgit gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso isscrts tgit gnstdry ns hdtgnhlodrc tgih cadhdona gnstdry, ihm i`` tgc rcst ns snop`y i oisf, ihippcirihac wntgdut rci`nty. Ihm tgch tgcy ìedur td mnsadvcr tgc trucldm db gnstdry, wgctgcr nt ec tgc prdmuatnvc tdd` dr tgc cirtg, usnhlirluochts wgnag ai`` td onhm tgc prdvcreni` mnsaussndh iedut tgc cllihm tgc gch. Brncmrnag Chlc`s wis ittiafcm ey sdocdhc

V93_

wgd ipp`ncm td gno td isf gdw tgc nhbùchac db suag ihm suag dtgcrgnstdrnai` biatdrs dulgt td ec uhmcrstddm nh rcbcrchac td tgc cadhdonabiatdr. Nh tgc huocrdus `cttcrs wgnag gc wrdtc nh rcp`y, ihm wgnag

hdw, snhac gns mcitg, irc adonhl dut nh tgc rcvncws, gc `ct nt ecuhmcrstddm tgit, wgch tdlctgcr wntg Oirx, updh tgc prdoptnhl db tgcbiats, gc adhacnvcm tgns hcw vncw db gnstdry, gc gim hdt ociht tdstitc ih cxiat tgcdry. Nh dhc db tgcsc `cttcrs gc ipd`dlnscs bdrwgitcvcr cxillcritndh gc ihm Oirx oiy givc put nhtd tgcadhtrdvcrsni` stitcochts db tgcnr nmcis, ihm ecls tgit ittchtndh oiyec pinm td tgc priatnai` ipp`naitndhs oimc db tgco ritgcr tgih td tgctgcdrctnai` cxprcssndhs cop`dycm. Nt wdu`m ec i bnhc tgnhl, gccxaìnos, nb i bdrouì adu`m ec lnvch bdr tgc nhtcrprctitndh db i`` tgcbiats db gnstdry! Ey ipp`ynhl tgns bdrouì, nt wdu`m ec is cisy td

uhmcrstihm ihy pcrndm db gnstdry is td sd`vc i snop`c cquitndh.V



nhbùchac db riac, db tcopcriocht ihm db tgc prdoptnhls db hiturc.Ihm, bnhi``y, gc mdcs hdt dvcr`ddf tgc nhbùchac db tgc nhmnvnmui`, n.c.db tgc wdrf db tgdsc wgd irc ai``cmlrcit och, wgd nb tgcy irc hdt tgcarcitdrs, irc acrtinh`y ad`ìedritdrs db gnstdry.

\ntg i`` tgcsc adhacssndhs gc rci`nscs, nb N io hdt onstifch, tgit ntns usc`css td `ddf bdr i tgcdry, nh ihy strnat schsc db tgc wdrm, nhgnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso6 ihm cvch tgit nt ns hdt wgit aih prdpcr`y ecai``cm i tgcdryit i``. Gc adhbnros us nh tgns vncw ey gns bnhc iaaduhtdb nts drnlnh, uhmcr tgc stnouùs db tgc Brchag Ucvdùtndh, tgit lrcitsagdd` db sdand`dlyis gc ai``s nt. ]gc oitcrni`nstna vncw

V9



`nontcm rihlc, dh i eisns db adhmntndhs iatui``y prc-cxnstcht, iodhlstwgnag tgc cadhdona adhmntndhs, i`tgdulg tgcy oiy ec nhbùchacm eytgc dtgcrs, tgc pd`ntnai` ihm nmci`, irc yct, nh tgc bnhi` ihi`ysns,mcansnvc, ihm bdro tgc rcm tgrcim wgnag ruhs tgrdulg tgc wgd`c dbgnstdry ihm lunmcs us td ih uhmcrstihmnhl tgcrcdb.

Brdo tgns pdnht db vncw tdd, N chtnrc`y ilrcc wntg @ierndì nhrclirmnhl is sdocwgit strihlc tgc nhqunrncs oimc adhacrhnhl tgcsuppdscm bdrcruhhcrs ihm rcodtc iutgdrs db gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso,ihm is quntc onstifch tgc nhbcrchacs tgit tgcsc nhqunrncs wn`` mctriatbrdo tgc nopdrtihac ihm drnlnhi`nty db tgc tgcdry. ]gc Nti`nih prdbcssdrdb cadhdonas td wgdo N rcbcrrcm it tgc eclnhhnhl, wgch adhvnatcm dbi pìlnirnso, tgdulgt td mcbchm gnosc`b ey siynhl tgit, it edttdo,Oirx's nmci wis hdt pcau`nir td Oirx6 gchac, it wdrst, gc gim rdeecmi tgncb. Gc livc i `nst db bdrcruhhcrs, rciagnhl eiaf is bir isIrnstdt`c. Just ìtc`y, ihdtgcr Nti`nih prdbcssdr rcprdvcm i ad``cilucwntg ouag `css justnac bdr givnhl bdrldttch tgit tgc cadhdonanhtcrprctitndh gim ecch cxpìnhcm ey @drchzd Qtcnh ecbdrc Oirx, Nadu`m ou`tnp`y suag cxiop`cs. I`` tgns rconhms oc db dhc db Jcih[iu` Unagtcr's siynhls: tgit wc gdirm dur tgdulgts is i onscr mdcsgns odhcy6 ihm dh`y s`dw`y md wc cxagihlc tgc odhcy bdrpdsscssndhs, ihm tgdulgts bdr

V9>_

cxpcrnchacs ihm bcc`nhls. Ochti` descrvitndhs ittinh rci`nopdrtihac tgrdulg tgc rci`nsitndh nh tgdulgt ihm ih nhsnlgt nhtd tgcbu`hcss db tgcnr pdssnen`ntncs. ]gns rci`nsitndh ihm nhsnlgt givc ecchlrihtcm td tgc odmcrh sdani`nst odvcocht ihm td nts nhtc``catui``cimcrs Oirx ihm Chlc`s. \c oiy rcim cvch nh ]gdois Odrc tgittgc Qtitc ns i adhspnriay db tgc rnag wgd oifc p`dts bdr tgcnr dwhadhvchnchac: quicmio adhspnritnd mnvntuo, mc suns adoodmnsrcnpue`naic hdonhc tntu`dquc triatihtnuo, ihm ai`` tgcnr nhtrnlucs ìws:oiagnhiochti jio `clcs bnuht.V>_ Ihm, `civnhl Qnr ]gdois Odrcwgd, ibtcr i``, nt wn`` ec sinm, wis i adoouhnstwgd mdcs hdt fhdw

ey gcirt Oirzdhn's `nhcs: Sh' dmndsi Bdrzi n` odhmd pdssncmc c bihdoirsn Mrnttd....V9;_Eut tgc oitcrni`nst ihm sdani`nst nhtcrprctitndh dbtgc Qtitc ns hdt tgcrcbdrc ihy tgc `css hcw. ]gc adoodh prdvcre,nhmccm, tc``s us tgit nhtcrcst ns tgc odst pdwcrbu` odtnvc bdr guoihiatndhs ihm adhaci`s ntsc`b uhmcr tgc odst virncm bdros6 eut nt ns hdhctgc `css truc tgit tgc stumcht db gnstdry wgd gis prcvndus`y cxionhcmtgc tciagnhls db sdani`nst arntnanso, ns `nfc i sgdrt-snlgtcm oih wgd
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gis prdvnmcm gnosc`b wntg i lddm pinr db spcatia`cs: gc sccs quntcmnbbcrcht`y ihm oihy oystcrndus sgimdws rcvci` tgcnr cxiat sgipc.

Nh rclirm td gnstdrnai` hirritnvc tgch, tgc oitcrni`nstna vncw db gnstdryrcsd`vcs ntsc`b nhtd i

V5;_

wirhnhl td fccp nts descrvitndhs nh onhm is i hcw inm td tgcuhmcrstihmnhl db gnstdry. Bcw prde`cos irc girmcr tgih tgit wgnagtgc gnstdrnih gis td sd`vc. Nh dhc pirtnauìr nt rcscoe`cs tgc prde`codb tgc stitcsoih, ihm adhsnsts nh uhmcrstihmnhl tgc adhmntndhs db i

lnvch hitndh it i lnvch tnoc nh rcspcat td tgcnr aiuscs ihmbuhatndhnhl6 eut wntg tgns mnbbcrchac: tgc gnstdrnih adhbnhcs gnosc`b tdcxpdsntndh, tgc stitcsoih prdaccms burtgcr td odmnbnaitndh6 tgc bdrocrpiys hd pchi`ty bdr onsuhmcrstihmnhl, wgcrcis tgc ìttcr ns suejcatcm

td tgc scvcrc adrrcatndh db biats. Adhbrdhtcm ey suag i prde`co, tgcoijdrnty db gnstdrnihsN rcbcr nh pirtnauìr td tgc adhmntndhs db tgcstumy nh Nti`yprdaccm it i mnsimvihtilc, iòdst `nfc tgc sivihts dbtgc d`m sagdd` wgd adhstruatcm pgn`d`dly ihm rcsciragcm nhtdctyod`dly. Inms td i a`dscr ihm mccpcr uhmcrstihmnhl, givc adoc it`chltg brdo mnbbcrcht snmcs, ihm brcqucht`y. Eut tgc dhc wgnag ns hdwdbbcrcm ey tgc oitcrni`nstna vncw db gnstdry ns lrcit, ihm suntcm td tgcnopdrtihac db tgc odmcrh sdani`nst odvcocht. Nt ns truc tgit tgcgnstdrnih oust rchmcr cxiat ihm mcbnhntc nh ciag pirtnauìr nhstihac,

tgit ad-drmnhitndh ihm suedrmnhitndh db biatdrs wgnag ns nhmnaitcm eygnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso, nh lchcri`, bdr tgc lrcitcr huoecr db aiscs,ihm ipprdxnoitc`y6 gcrcnh `ncs gns tisf ihm gns mnbbnau`tncs, wgnag oiysdoctnocs ec nhsuroduhtie`c. Eut hdw tgc rdim gis ecch pdnhtcmdut, i`dhl wgnag tgc sdùtndh oust ec sdulgt, db sdoc db tgc lrcitcstprde`cos db gnstdry ipirt brdo tgdsc wgnag givc ecch i`rcimycùanmitcm.

V59_

N wn`` siy hdtgnhl db tgc rcacht ittcopts it ih gnstdrnai` ipp`naitndhdb tgc oitcrni`nstna adhacptndh, ecaiusc nt ns hdt i suejcat td gurrydvcr nh pissnhl, ihm N nhtchm td mci` wntg nt dh ihdtgcr daaisndh. N wn`àdhtcht oysc`b wntg cagdnhl @ierndì, wgd lnvcs i wirhnhl ilinhst ionstifc, adoodh td oihy db tgcsc ittcopts. ]gns adhsnsts nhrctrihsìtnhl, is gc siys, nhtd cadhdona pgriscd`dly, tgc d`mgnstdrnai` pcrspcatnvc wgnag db ìtc gis sd dbtch ecch trihsìtcm nhtdMirwnhnih pgriscd`dly. Acrtinh`y nt wdu`m hdt ec wdrtg wgn`c td arcitc



i hcw odvcocht nh gnstdrnai` stumncs nh drmcr td ittinh suag i rcsu`t.

NNN

1. Yucstndhs is td rcìtndh ectwcch gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso ihm sdani`nso:Dh`y pdssne`c adhhcatndh `ncs nh spcani` gnstdrnai` ipp`naitndh: Ecirnhldb gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso updh nhtc``catui` ihm odri` trutg: ]grdws`nlgt dh nhbùchac db oitcrni` adhmntndhs dh tgcnr mcvc`dpocht, eutmdcs hdt mcodhstritc tgcnr rcìtnvnty: Iesdùtc odri`nty i hcacssiry

pdstuìtc db sdani`nso.

]wd tgnhls scco td oc td mcscrvc sdoc burtgcr cxpìhitndh. \gitns tgc rcìtndh ectwcch gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso ihm sdani`nso4 @ierndì,nb N io hdt onstifch, ns nha`nhcm td adhhcat a`dsc`y ihm iòdst td

nmchtnby tgc twd tgnhls. ]gc wgd`c db sdani`nso `ncs nh tgc oitcrni`nstnanhtcrprctitndh db gnstdry, wgnag ns tgc trutg ntsc`b db sdani`nso6 td iaacptdhc ihm rcjcat tgc dtgcr ns td uhmcrstihm hcntgcr. N adhsnmcr tgnsstitcocht td ec sdocwgit cxillcritcm,

V55_

dr, it `cist, td hccm cxpìhitndh. Nb gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso ns strnppcmdb cvcry survnvi` db bnhi`nty ihm db tgc echnlhntncs db prdvnmchac, nt aihibbdrm hd ipd`dly bdr cntgcr sdani`nso dr ihy dtgcr priatnai` lunmihacbdr `nbc. Dh tgc dtgcr gihm, nh nts spcani` gnstdrnai` ipp`naitndh, nh tgc

isscrtndh wgnag aih ec oimc ey nts ocihs, nts rci` ihm a`dscadhhcatndh wntg sdani`nso ns td ec bduhm. ]gns isscrtndh ns isbd``dws:Qdancty ns hdw sd adhstntutcm tgit sdani`nso ns tgc dh`ypdssne`c sdùtndh wgnag nt adhtinhs wntgnh ntsc`b. Ih isscrtndh ihmbdrcaist db tgns fnhm odrcdvcr wn`` hccm td ec bn``cm dut ecbdrc nt aihec i eisns bdr priatnai` iatndh. Nt oust ec adop`ctcm ey odtnvcs dbnhtcrcst, dr ey ctgnai` ihm schtnochti` odtnvcs, odri` jumlochts ihmtgc chtgusnisos db bintg. ]gc isscrtndh nh ntsc`b ns ad`m ihm pdwcr`css.Nt wn`` ec nhsubbnancht td odvc tgc ayhna, tgc sacptna, tgc pcssnonst. Eut

nt wn`` subbnac td put dh tgcnr luirm i`` tgdsc aìsscs db sdancty wgd scctgcnr runh nh tgc scquchac db gnstdry ihm td p`cmlc tgco td i `dhlstrull`c, i`tgdulg tgc bnhi` dutadoc oiy ec usc`css. Iodhlst tgcscaìsscs ns tgc prd`ctirnit, wgnag nhmccm inos it tgc cxtnhatndh db ntsaìss. Odri` adhvnatndh ihm tgc bdrac db schtnocht oust ec immcm tdlnvc pdsntnvc lunmihac ihm td supp`y ih nopcritnvc nmci` bdr tgdscwgd hcntgcr bcc` tgc e`nhm nopu`sc db aìss nhtcrcst, hdr i``dw



tgcosc`vcs td ec swcpt i`dhl ey tgc wgnr`nhl aurrcht db tgc tnocs.

]gc bnhi` pdnht wgnag N tgnhf mcoihms

V51_

cxpìhitndh, i`tgdulg nh tgns aisc i`sd tgc mnbbcrchac ectwcchoysc`b ihm @ierndì mdcs hdt ippcir td ec scrndus, ns tgns: td wgitadhaùsndhs mdcs gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso `cim nh rclirm td tgc nmci`viùcs db oih, nh rclirm tgit ns td nhtc``catui` trutg ihm td wgit nsai``cm odri` trutg4

]gc gnstdry db tgc drnlnh db nhtc``catui` trutg ns uhmduetcm`y oimca`circr ey gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso, wgnag inos it sgdwnhl tgc nhbùchacdb iatui` oitcrni` adhmntndhs updh tgc dpchnhl dut, ihm tgc vcrymcvc`dpocht db tgc guoih nhtc``cat. ]gus tgc gnstdry db dpnhndhs, `nfc

tgit db sanchac, hccms td ec bdr tgc odst pirt rc-wrnttch brdo tgns pdnhtdb vncw. Eut tgdsc wgd, dh iaaduht db suag adhsnmcritndhs adhacrhnhlgnstdrnai` drnlnhs, rcturh nh trnuopg td tgc d`m rcìtnvnty ihm sacptnanso,irc adhbusnhl twd quntc mnstnhat aìsscs db prde`co. Lcdoctry dwcsnts drnlnh hd mduet td lnvch adhmntndhs wgnag irc wdrtg mctcronhnhl6eut nt mdcs hdt bd``dw tgit lcdoctrnai` trutg ns sdoctgnhl ocrc`ygnstdrnai` ihm rcìtnvc. ]gc wirhnhl sccos supcrbùdus, eut cvch gcrconsuhmcrstihmnhls irc brcqucht ihm rcoirfie`c. Givc N hdt rcim nhsdoc sdani`nst iutgdr tgit Oirx's mnsadvcrncs tgcosc`vcs irc dbocrc`y gnstdrnai` nopdrtihacihm oust hcacssirn`y ec mnsdwhcm. N md

hdt fhdw wgit ocihnhl tgns aih givc uh`css nt gis tgc vcry trnvni`dhc db i rcadlhntndh db tgc `nontitndh db i`` guoih wdrf, dr uh`css ntrcsd`vcs ntsc`b nhtd tgc hd `css nm`c rcoirf tgit Oirx's tgdulgt ns tgcdbbsprnhl db gns ilc. ]gns dhcsnmcm gnstdry ns stn`` odrc mihlcrdus

V5=_

nh rcbcrchac td odri` trutg. ]gc sanchac db odri`nty ns cvnmcht`y hdwnh i trihsbdroitndh stilc. ]gc ctgnai` nopcritnvc, wgdsc aìssnas ircFiht's Frntnf mcr rcnhch Rcrhuhbt, ihm Gcreirt'sI``lcocnhc priftnsagc[gn`dsdpgnc, ippcirs hd `dhlcr imcquitc. Nh immntndh td nt ihgnstdrnai` ihm i bdroi` sanchac db odri`nty irc oifnhl tgcnrippcirihac, wgnag rclirm odri`nty is i biat, ihm stumy nts uhnvcrsi`hiturc ipirt brdo i`` prcdaaupitndhs is td arccms ihm ru`cs. ]gnstchmchay sgdws ntsc`b hdt dh`y nh sdani`nstna anra`cs, eut i`sdc`scwgcrc, ihm nt wn`` ec subbnancht bdr oc td rcbcr td Qnooc`'s a`cvcrwrntnhls. @ierndì ns tgus justnbncm nh gns mcbchac db hcw octgdms db



rclirmnhl odri`nty. 'Ctgnas,gc siys,bdr us rcsd`vcs ntsc`b nhtd ihgnstdrnai` stumy db tgc suejcatnvc ihm dejcatnvc adhmntndhs iaadrmnhl tdwgnag odri`nty mcvc`dps dr bnhms gnhmrihacs td nts mcvc`dpocht.' Eutgc imms aiutndus`y, 'nh tgns wiy i`dhc, n.c., wntgnh tgcsc `nonts, ns tgcrcviùc nh tgc stitcocht tgit odri`nty adrrcspdhms td tgc sdani`sntuitndh, n.c., nh tgc bnhi` ihi`ysns td tgc cadhdona adhmntndhs,' ]gcqucstndh db tgc nhtrnhsna ihm iesdùtc wdrtg db tgc odri` nmci`, db ntsrcmuanen`nty dr nrrcmuanen`nty td nhtc``catui` trutg, rcoinhs uhtduagcm.

Nt wdu`m pcrgips givc ecch wc`` nb @ierndì gim mwc`t i `ntt`c odrcdh tgns pdnht. I strdhl tchmchay ns bduhm nh sdani`nstna `ntcriturctdwirms i odri` rcìtnvnty, hdt nhmccm gnstdrnai`, eut suestihtni`, wgnagrclirms odri`nty is i vinh noilnhitndh. ]gns tchmchay ns agncb`y muc tdtgc hcacssnty nh wgnag

V53_Oirx ihm Chlc`s bduhm tgcosc`vcs, nh biac db tgc virndus typcs db

Stdpnihs, db isscrtnhl tgit tgc sd-ai``cm sdani` qucstndh ns hdt i odri`qucstndh,n.c. is tgns oust ec nhtcrprctcm, nt aihhdt ec sd`vcm eyscrodhs ihm sd-ai``cm odri` octgdmsihm td tgcnr enttcr arntnanso dbaìss nmci`s ihm gypdarnsncs.V99_ ]gns rcsu`t wis gc`pcm dh, is ntsccos td oc, ey tgc Gclc`nih sdurac db tgc vncws db Oirx ihmChlc`s6 nt ecnhl devndus tgit nh tgc Gclc`nih pgn`dsdpgy ctgnas `dscstgc rnlnmnty lnvch td nt ey Fiht ihm prcscrvcm ey Gcreirt. Ihm ìst`y

tgc hioc oitcrni`nso ns pcrgips hdt wntgdut nhbùchac gcrc, snhac nternhls td onhm it dhac wc``-uhmcrstddm nhtcrcsts ihm tgc aiàuìtnhladopirnsdh db p`cisurcs. Nt ns, gdwcvcr, cvnmcht tgit nmci`nso driesdùtc odri`nty ns i hcacssiry pdstuìtc db sdani`nso. Ns hdt tgcnhtcrcst wgnag prdopts tgc bdroitndh db i adhacpt db surpùs-viùciodri` nhtcrcst, dr sdani` nb nt ns prcbcrrcm4 Aih surpùs viùc ecspdfch db nh purc cadhdonas4 Mdcs hdt tgc ìedurcr sc`` gns ìedur-pdwcr bdr cxiat`y wgit nt ns wdrtg, lnvch gns pdsntndh nh cxnstnhlsdancty4 Ihm, wntgdut tgc odri` pdstuìtc, gdw adu`m wc cvcr cxpìnhOirx's pd`ntnai` iatnvnty, ihm tgit hdtc db vnd`cht nhmnlhitndh ihm enttcr

sitnrc wgnag ns bc`t nh cvcry pilc db Mis Fipnti`4 Eut chdulg db tgns,bdr N bnhm oysc`b oifnhl quntc c`cochtiry stitcochts suag

V52_

is aih dh`y ec dvcr`ddfcm dwnhl td ioenludus dr cxillcritcmpgriscd`dly.



Ihm nh adhaùsndh, N rcpcit oy rclrct, i`rcimy cxprcsscm,adhacrhnhl tgns hioc oitcrni`nso, wgnag ns hdt justnbncm nh tgns aisc,lnvcs rnsc td huocrdus onsuhmcrstihmnhls, ihm ns i aiusc db mcrnsndhtd dppdhchts. Qd bir is gnstdry ns adhacrhcm, N wdu`m lìm`y fccp tdtgc hioc rci`nstna vncw db gnstdry, wgnag mchdtcs tgc dppdsntndh td i``tc`cd`dly ihm octipgysnas wntgnh tgc spgcrc db gnstdry, ihm adoenhcsedtg tgc adhtrneutndh oimc ey sdani`nso td gnstdrnai` fhdw`cmlc ihmtgdsc adhtrneutndhs wgnag oiy suescqucht`y ec erdulgt brdoc`scwgcrc. Gchac oy brnchm @ierndì dulgt hdt td ittiag tdd ouagnopdrtihac, nh gns scrndus tgdulgts, td tgc imjcatnvcs bnhi` ihmmcbnhntc, wgnag givc s`nppcm brdo gns pch. Mnm gc hdt dhac tc`` ocgnosc`b tgit Chlc`s stn`` gdpcm bdr dtgcr mnsadvcrncs wgnag onlgt gc`pus td uhmcrstihm tgit oystcry, oimc ey dursc`vcs, ihm wgnag nsGnstdry4

Oiy, 97>2.

BDD]HD]CQ:

V9_Mc` oitcrni`nsod stdrnad, mnùanmizndhc prc`nonhirc, Udoc, C. @dcsagcr,

97>2. Qcc tgc cir`ncr wdrf ey tgc sioc iutgdr: Nh ocodrni mc` 'Oihnbcstdmcn adoouhnstn,'5hm cm. Udoc, C. @dcsagcr, 97>3.

V5_

N rcbcr td tgc wdrfs db [rdbcssdr Iagn``c @drni.

V1_

Gc ai``s nt dh dhc daaisndh: 'tgc bnhi` ihm mcbnhntc pgn`dsdpgy db gnstdry.'

V=_Ecntrlc zur Lcsagnagtc mcs Oitcrni`nsous, Qtuttlirt, 97>2.

V3_

Qcc, bdr cxiop`c, tgc adoochts updh sdoc db Oirx's stitcochts, nh tgcirtna`c [rdlrs ct mvc`dppcochtnh tgc Mcvchnr Qdani`bdr Oirag, 97>2.

V2_Bdr tgns rcisdh N md hdt, `nfc @ierndì, ai`` tgc tgcdry db tgc biatdrs i gi`b-tgcdry6 hdr md N `nfc tgc adopirnsdh wntg tgc ihancht mdatrnhc, hdwieihmdhcm nh pgysnas, pgysnd`dly ihm psyagd`dly, db pgysnai` bdracs, vnti`bdracs ihm ochti` biau`tncs.
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V;, pue`nsgcm nh tgc Ecr`nh rcvncw,Mcr Qdani`nstnsagc Ifimconfcr, Hd 9>, 9st Datdecr 97>3. Ihdtgcr, mitcm53tg Jihuiry 97>=, ns prnhtcm nh Hd 5;, 92tg Datdecr, db tgc sioc rcvncw.

V7_

Gc cvch mnstnhlunsgcs ectwcch tgc cadhdona nhtcrprctitndh ihm tgcoitcrni`nstna vncw db gnstdry. Ey tgc bnrst tcro gc ocihs 'tgdsc ittcopts itihi`ysns, wgnag tifnhl scpiritc`y dh tgc dhc gihm tgc cadhdona bdros ihmaitcldrncs, ihm dh tgc dtgcr bdr cxiop`c, ìw, `clnsìtndh, pd`ntnas, austdo,prdaccm td stumy tgc outui` nhbùchacs db tgc mnbbcrcht snmcs db `nbc, tgusiestriat`y ihm suejcatnvc`y mnstnhlunsgcm.' Ey tgc scadhm, dh tgc adhtriry,'tgc drlihna vncw db gnstdry' db tgc 'tdti`nty ihm uhnty db sdani` `nbc,' wgcrccadhdonas ntsc`b 'ns oc`tcm nhtd tgc tnmc db i prdacss, td ippcir ibtcrwirmsnh sd oihy odrpgd`dlnai` stilcs, nh ciag db wgnag nt bdros tgc eisnsrcìtnvc`y td tgc rcst wgnag adrrcspdhms td ihm ilrccs wntg nt.'

V>_Stdpni, @. nn (]gdo Odrn ihl`n Dpcri, @duvinh 9322, b.97.)

V9;_

'Gitcbu` Bdrac ru`cs tgc wdr`m ihm ai``s ntsc`b Justnac.'

V99_

Brdo tgns pdnht db vncw nt ns wdrtg wgn`c td hdtc tgc ihtnpitgy wgnag `cifsdut nh sdani`nst wrntnhls tdwirms Qagn``cr, tgc pdct db tgc Fihtnih odri`ntystgctnai``y odmnbncm, wgd gis ecadoc tgc bivdurntc pdct db tgc Lcroihonmm`c aìsscs.

V5



sdand`dlnai` tgcdry: Qtioo`cr's a`issnbnaitndh db tgc sdani` sanchacs:Gns mcbnhntndh db sdancty: Db sdani` cadhdonas: Db sdani` tc`cd`dly:Hiturc db Qtioo`cr's sdani` sanchac mdcs hdt prdvnmc iestriatsdand`dly: Qdani` cadhdonas oust ec cntgcr purc cadhdonas ipp`ncmtd sdancty dr i bdro db gnstdry.

]gc ittchtnvc rcimcr db [rdbcssdr Qtioo`cr's eddf,V95_ rci`nscs ittgc dutsct tgit nt trcits db tgc oitcrni`nstna tgcdry db gnstdry hdt is ibruntbu` lunmc td tgc nhtcrprctitndh db gnstdrnai` biat, eut is i sanchacdr

pgn`dsdpgy db sdancty.

I huoecr db ittcopts givc ecch oimc, eiscm nh tgc bnrst nhstihacdh Oirx's stitcochts, td eun`m up dh tgcsc stitcochts i lchcri`tgcdry db gnstdry dr db sdancty. Nt ns dh tgcsc ittcopts tgch, ihm hdt dh

tgc `cist ed`m iodhlst tgco, tgit Qtioo`cr eiscs gns wdrf, oifnhltgco tgc stirtnhl pdnht db gns arntnanso ihm rcadhstruatndh. Nt oiy ecprcansc`y

V57_

dh tgns iaaduht tgit gc agddscs td mnsauss gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso nhtgc bdro lnvch td nt ey Chlc`s,wgnag gc ai``s tgc odst adop`ctc, tgciutgchtna(!) stitcocht db tgc prnhanp`cs db sdani` oitcrni`nso. Gcprcbcrs tgns bdro td tgit db Oirx, wgnag gc tgnhfs tdd mnsadhhcatcm6ihm wgnag ns, nhmccm, `css cisn`y rcmuacm td iestriat lchcri`ntncs6

wgcrcis Chlc`s wis dhc db tgc bnrst td lnvc td gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso iocihnhl odrc nopdrtiht tgih nts drnlnhi` dhc. ]d Chlc`s, i`sd, is nswc`` fhdwh, ns muc tgc vcry hioc oitcrni`nsois ipp`ncm td tgns vncwdb gnstdry.

\c aihhdt, nhmccm, mchy tgit tgc oitcrni`nstna vncw db gnstdry gis nhbiat mcvc`dpcm nh twd mnrcatndhs, mnstnhat nh fnhmnb hdt nh priatnac, vnz.:(9) i odvcocht rc`itnhl td tgc wrntnhl db gnstdry, ihm (5) i sanchacihm pgn`dsdpgy db sdancty. Gchac tgcrc ns hd lrduhm bdr dejcatnhl tdQtioo`cr's prdacmurc, wgch gc adhbnhcs gnosc`b td tgns scadhm

prde`co, ihm tifcs nt up it tgc pdnht td wgnag gc tgnhfs tgit tgcbd``dwcrs db gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso givc erdulgt nt. Eut nt sgdu`m eca`cir`y pdnhtcm dut tgit gc mdcs hdt adhacrh gnosc`b it i`` wntg tgcprde`cos db gnstdrnai` octgdm. Gc `civcs dut db iaaduht tgit ns, wgit,bdr sdoc pcdp`cihm bdr oc iodhlst tgcons tgc snmc db tgnsodvcocht db tgdulgt wgnag ns db `nvnhl ihm sanchtnbna nhtcrcst.



[rdbcssdr Qtioo`cr rcoirfs gdw nh tgc prdpdsntndhs cop`dycm eytgc ec`ncvcrs nh gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso: 'tgc cadhdona biatdr mdonhitcstgc dtgcr biatdrs db sdani` `nbc,' 'tgc cadhdona biatdr ns buhmiochti`

V5>_

ihm tgc dtgcrs irc mcpchmcht,' ihm tgc `nfc, tgc adhacpt cadhdonagis hcvcr ecch mcbnhcm. Gc ns justnbncm nh oifnhl tgns rcoirf, ihm nhittiagnhl tgc lrcitcst nopdrtihac td nt, nb gc rclirms ihm nhtcrprctstgdsc prdpdsntndhs is isscrtndhs db ìws, is strnat prdpdsntndhs dbsdani` sanchac. ]d usc is csschtni` nh stitcochts db tgns fnhm, iadhacpt wgnag adu`m hcntgcr ec mcbnhcm hdr cxpìnhcm, ihm wgnagtgcrcbdrc rcoinhcm i ocrc wdrm, wdu`m nhmccm ec sdocwgit dmm.Eut gns rcoirf ns chtnrc`y nrrc`cviht wgch tgcsc prdpdsntndhs ircuhmcrstddm is: 'suooirncs db copnrnai` descrvitndhs, ey tgc gc`p db

wgnag adharctc sdani` biats oiy ec cxpìnhcm.' N md hdt tgnhf tgit ihyschsne`c pcrsdh gis cvcr cxpcatcm td bnhm nh tgdsc cxprcssndhs ihiaauritc ihm pgn`dsdpgnai` mcbnhntndh db adhacpts6 yct i`` schsne`cpcdp`c rcimn`y uhmcrstihm td wgit aìss db biats tgcy rcbcr. ]gc wdrmcadhdona gcrc, is nh drmnhiry ìhluilc, adrrcspdhms, hdt td iadhacpt, eut td i lrdup db ritgcr mnvcrsc rcprcschtitndhs, sdoc dbwgnag irc hdt cvch qui`ntitnvc nh adhtcht, eut quihtntitnvc. \gch nt nsisscrtcm, tgit nh nhtcrprctnhl gnstdry wc oust `ddf agncb`y it tgccadhdona biatdrs, wc tgnhf it dhac db tcaghnai` adhmntndhs, db tgcmnstrneutndh db wci`tg, db aìsscs ihm sue-aìsscs eduhm tdlctgcr ey

mcbnhntc adoodh nhtcrcsts, ihm sd dh. Nt ns truc tgcsc mnbbcrchtrcprcschtitndhs aihhdt ec rcmuacm td i snhl`c adhacpt, eut hd oittcr,tgcrc ns hd qucstndh db tgit: gcrc wc irc nh ih chtnrc`y mnbbcrcht spgcrcbrdo tgit nh wgnag iestriat qucstndhs irc mnsausscm.

V1;_

]gns pdnht ns hdt wntgdut nhtcrcst ihm oiy ec cxpìnhcm odrc nhmctin`. Nb cadhdona ec uhmcrstddm nh nts strnat schsc, bdr cxiop`c, nhtgc schsc nh wgnag nt ns cop`dycm nh purc cadhdonas, n.c., nb ey nt ecociht tgc ixndo iaadrmnhl td wgnag i`` och sccf tgc lrcitcst

sitnsbiatndh wntg tgc `cist pdssne`c cbbdrt, nt ns pình tgit td siy tgit tgnsbiatdrpìys i pirt (csschtni`, mdonhiht, dr cqui` td tgit db tgc dtgcrs)nh sdani` `nbc, wdu`m tc`` us hdtgnhl adharctc. ]gc cadhdona ixndo ns ivcry lchcri` ihm purc`y i bdroi` prnhanp`c db adhmuat. Nt nsnhadhacnvie`c tgit ihydhc sgdu`m iat wntgdut ipp`ynhl, wc`` dr n``, tgcvcry prnhanp`c db cvcry iatndh, n.c., tgc cadhdona prnhanp`c. \drsc stn``nt cadhdonaec tifch nh tgc schsc wgnag, is wc sgi`` scc, [rdbcssdr



Qtioo`cr lnvcs td nt. Gc uhmcrstihms ey tgns wdrm: 'i`` adharctc sdani`biats'6 nh wgnag schsc nt wdu`m it dhac ecadoc iesurm td isscrt tgittgc cadhdona biatdr, n.c., i`` sdani` biats nh tgc adharctcmdonhitcm, ipirt db tgcsc biats! ]gus nh drmcr td lnvc i ocihnhl td tgc wdrmcadhdonanh tgns prdpdsntndh, nt ns hcacssiry td `civc tgc iestriat ihmbdroi`6 td issnlh mcbnhntc chms td guoih iatndh6 td givc nh onhm ih'gnstdrnai` oih,' dr ritgcr tgc ivcrilc oih db gnstdry, dr db i `dhlcr drsgdrtcr pcrndm db gnstdry6 td tgnhf, bdr cxiop`c, db tgc hccm bdr ercim,bdr a`dtgcs, bdr scxui` rcìtndhs, bdr tgc sd-ai``cm odri` sitnsbiatndhs,cstcco, vihnty, pdwcr ihm sd dh. ]gc pgrisc cadhdona biatdr hdwrcbcrs td lrdups db adharctc biats, wgnag irc eun`t up nh adoodhspccag, ihm wgnag givc ecch ecttcr mcbnhcm brdo tgc iatuiìpp`naitndh oimc db tgc iedvc-ochtndhcm

V19_

prdpdsntndhs nh gnstdrnai` hirritnvc ihm nh tgc priatnai` prdlrioocsdb Oirx ihm gns bd``dwcrs.

Nh tgc oinh, tgns ns rcadlhnscm ey [rdbcssdr Qtioo`cr gnosc`b wgchgc lnvcs ih imonrie`c cxpìhitndh db tgc aurrcht ocihnhl db tgccxprcssndhs: cadhdona biats ihm pd`ntnai` biats, rcvdùtndhs odrc

pd`ntnai` tgih cadhdona ihm vnac vcrsi. Quag mnstnhatndhs, gc siys,aih dh`y ec uhmcrstddm nh tgc adharctc, nh rcbcrchac td tgc inospursucm ey tgc mnbbcrcht scatndhs db sdancty, ihm td tgc spcani`

prde`cos db sdani` `nbc. Iaadrmnhl td gno, gdwcvcr, Oirx's wdrf mdcshdt mci` wntg suag trnb`nhl oittcrs: is, bdr nhstihac, tgit sd-ai``cmcadhdona `nbc nhbùchacs nmcis, sanchac, irt ihm sd dh: d`m ùoecr db`ntt`c adhscquchac. Just is pgn`dsdpgnai` oitcrni`nso mdcs hdt adhsnstnh tgc isscrtndh tgit edmn`y biats givc ih nhbùchac dvcr spnrntui`, eutritgcr nh tgc oifnhl db tgcsc ìttcr i ocrc ippcirihac, wntgdutrci`nty, db tgc bdrocr: sd gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso oust adhsnst nhisscrtnhl tgit cadhdonas ns tgc truc rci`ntyihm tgit ìw ns i bi`ìandusippcirihac.

Eut, wntg i`` mcbcrchac td [rdbcssdr Qtioo`cr, wc ec`ncvc tgittgcsc trnb`nhl oittcrs, td wgnag gc adhtcoptudus`y rcbcrs, ircprcansc`y wgit irc mci`t wntg nh Oirx's prdpdsntndhs6 ihm, odrcdvcr,wc tgnhf tgco hcntgcr sd trnb`nhl hdr db suag `ntt`c adhscquchac. Gchac[rdbcssdr Qtioo`cr's eddf mdcs hdt ippcir td us i arntnanso db tgcodst vnti` pirt db gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso, vnz., db i odvcocht dr sagdd`db gnstdrnihs. ]gc arntnanso db gnstdry ns oimc ey gnstdry6 ihm gnstdrnai`



oitcrni`nso ns gnstdry oimc dr nh tgc oifnhl.

V15_

Hdr mdcs nt prdvnmc tgc stirtnhl pdnht bdr i arntnanso db sdani`nso, istgc prdlriooc db i mcbnhntc sdani` odvcocht. Qtioo`cr mcacnvcs

gnosc`b wgch gc tgnhfs tgit sdani`nso ns eiscm dh tgc oitcrni`nstnapgn`dsdpgy db gnstdry is gc cxpduhms nt: dh wgnag pgn`dsdpgy irceiscm, dh tgc adhtriry, tgc n`ùsndhs ihm aiprnacs db sdoc dr db oihysdani`nsts. Qdani`nso aihhdt mcpchm dh ih iestriat sdand`dlnai`tgcdry, snhac tgc eisns wdu`m ec nhimcquitc prcansc`y ecaiusc nt wisiestriat6 hdr aih nt mcpchm dh i pgn`dsdpgy db gnstdry is rgytgonai` drdb `ntt`c stien`nty, ecaiusc tgc eisns wdu`m ec trihsntdry. Dh tgcadhtriry, nt ns i adop`cx biat ihm rcsu`ts brdo mnbbcrcht c`cochts6 ihm,sd bir is adhacrhs gnstdry, sdani`nso mdcs hdt prcsuppdsc i

pgn`dsdpgy db gnstdry, eut ih gnstdrnai` adhacptndh mctcronhcm ey tgc

cxnstnhl adhmntndhs db sdancty ihm tgc oihhcr nh wgnag tgns gis adociedut. Nb wc put dh dhc snmc tgc mdatrnhcs supcrnopdscmsuescqucht`y, ihm rcim ilinh Oirx's pilcs wntgdut prcjumnac, wcsgi`` tgch scc tgit gc gim, it edttdo, hd dtgcr ocihnhl wgch gcrcbcrrcm td gnstdry is dhc db tgc biatdrs justnbynhl sdani`nso.

']gc hcacssnty bdr tgc sdani`nsitndh db tgc ocihs db prdmuatndh nshdt prdvcm sanchtnbnai``y.' Qtioo`cr ocihs tgit tgc adhacpt dbhcacssnty is cop`dycm ey oihy Oirxnihs, ns crrdhcdus6 tgit tgcmchni` db tc`cd`dly ns iesurm, ihm tgit gchac tgc isscrtndh db tgc

sdani`nsitndh db tgc ocihs db prdmuatndh is tgc sdani` prdlriooc nshdt `dlnai``y iaaduhtcm bdr. ]gns mdcs hdt gnhmcr tgns isscrtndh brdoecnhl pdssne`y quntc truc. Cntgcr ecaiusc, nh immntndh td

V11_

`dlnai` mcodhstritndhs tgcrc irc bdrtuhitc nhtuntndhs, dr ecaiusc iadhaùsndh aih ec truc i`tgdulg mcrnvcm brdo i bi`sc prconss: ntsubbnacs, devndus`y, tgit tgcrc sgdu`m ec twd crrdrs wgnag aihac` dhcihdtgcr. Ihm tgns wdu`m ec sd nh dur aisc. ]gc mchni` db tc`cd`dly6tgc tiant iaacptihac db tgns sioc tc`cd`dly: gcrc ns i octgdmsanchtnbnai``y nhadrrcat wntg i adhaùsndh tgit oiy ec vi`nm. Nt rcoinhstd cxionhc tgc wgd`c tnssuc db cxpcrnchacs, mcmuatndhs, ispnritndhsihm bdrcaists nh wgnag sdani`nso rci``y adhsnsts6 ihm dvcr wgnagQtioo`cr pisscs nhmnbbcrcht`y, adhtcht td givc erdulgt td `nlgt ihcrrdr nh tgc pgn`dsdpgnai` stitcocht db i rcodtc pdstuìtc, ih crrdrwgnag sdoc, dr nt oiy ec oihy, db tgc suppdrtcrs ihm pd`ntnanihs db



sdani`nso adoont.

I`` tgcsc rcscrvitndhs irc hccmcm nh drmcr td bnx tgc sadpc dbQtioo`cr's nhvcstnlitndh6 eut nt wdu`m ec i onstifc td nhbcr brdo tgcotgit wc rcjcat tgc stirtnhl pdnht db tgc nhqunry ntsc`b. Gnstdrnai`

oitcrni`nsosiys [rdbcssdr Qtioo`crgis prdvcm uhie`c td lnvcus i vi`nm sanchac db sdancty: wc, gdwcvcr, ec`ncvc tgit tgns wis hdtnts oinh dr drnlnhi` dejcat. ]gc twd stitcochts adoc priatnai``y td tgcsioc tgnhl: tgc sanchac db sdancty ns hdt adhtinhcm nh tgc `ntcriturc dbtgc oitcrni`nstna tgcdry. [rdbcssdr Qtioo`cr imms tgit i`tgdulggnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso mdcs hdt dbbcr ih iaacptie`c sdani` tgcdry, nthcvcrtgc`css lnvcs i stnouùs db tgc utodst nhtchsnty tdwirms tgcbdroitndh db suag i tgcdry. ]gns sccos td us i oittcr db ocrc`ynhmnvnmui` psyagd`dly: sullcstndhs ihm stnou`n, is

V1=_cvcrydhc fhdws, mnbbcr iaadrmnhl td tgc onhm tgit rcacnvcs tgco.

]gc `ntcriturc db gnstdrnai` oitcrni`nso gis i`wiys irduscm nh us imcsnrc td stumy gnstdry nh tgc adharctc, n.c., td rcadhstruat tgc iatui`gnstdrnai` prdacss. Nh [rdbcssdr Qtioo`cr, dh tgc adhtriry, nt irduscsi mcsnrc td tgrdw isnmc tgns ocilrc copnrnai` gnstdry, ihm td wdrf wntgiestriatndhs nh drmcr td cstie`nsg adhacpts ihm lchcri` pdnhts db vncw.]gc prde`cos wgnag gc scts ecbdrc gnosc`b, onlgt ec irrnvcm itpsyagd`dlnai``y ey oihy dtgcr pitgs.

]gcrc ns i tchmchay, it prcscht, td chìrlc uhmu`y tgc eduhmirncsdb sdani` stumncs. Eut Qtioo`cr rnlgt`y aìnos i mcbnhntc ihm spcani`suejcat bdr wgit dulgt td ec ai``cm sdani` sanchac6 tgit ns mcbnhntcsdani` miti. Qdani` sanchac oust nhaùmc hdtgnhl wgnag gis hdtsdanien`nty is nts mctcronhnhl aiusc. Gdw aih ctgnas cvcr ec sdani`sanchac, snhac nt ns eiscm dh aiscs db adhsanchac wgnag cvimc i``sdani` ru`cs4 Austdo ns tgc sdani` biat, hdt odri`nty. Gdw aih purccadhdonas dr tcaghd`dly cvcr ec sdani` sanchac, snhac tgdscadhacpts irc cqui``y ipp`naie`c td tgc nsdìtcm nhmnvnmui` ihm td

sdanctncs4 ]gus nh stumynhl sdani` mitiwc sgi`` scc tgit, adhsnmcrcmnh lchcri`, tgcy lnvc rnsc td twd mnstnhat tgcdrncs. ]gc bnrst tgcdryrclirms tgc adhacpt sdancty brdo tgc aiusi` stihmpdnht6 tgc scadhmrclirms nt brdo tgc tc`cd`dlnai` stihmpdnht. Aiusi`nty ihm tc`cd`dlyaihhdt ec suestntutcm tgc dhc bdr tgc dtgcr6 eut dhc bdros tgcadop`cocht db tgc dtgcr.

Nb, tgch, wc piss brdo tgc lchcri` ihm iestriat td tgc adharctc, wc



givc sdancty is cxnstnhl nh

V13_

gnstdry. ]gc stumy db tgc biats wgnag mcvc`dp nh adharctc sdanctyQtioo`cr adhsnlhs td i sanchac wgnag gc ai``s sdani`(drpd`ntnai`, dr

hitndhi`) cadhdonas. Brdo suag biats oiy stn`` ec iestriatcm tgcocrc bdro, n.c., tgc ad``catndh db ru`cs supp`ncm ey gnstdry ey wgnagtgcy irc ldvcrhcm6 ihm tgns oiy ec stumncm nhmcpchmcht`y db tgcoittcr. ]gus wc lct jurnsprumchac, dr tgc tcaghnai` sanchac db ìw6wgnag ns i`wiys eduhm up nhscpirie`y wntg i lnvch iatui` gnstdrnaiòitcrni`, wgnag nt wdrfs up ey sanchtnbna octgdm, chmcivdurnhl td lnvcnt uhnty ihm adgcrchac. Bnhi``y, iodhlst sdani` stumncs irc i`sdnhaùmcm tgdsc nhvcstnlitndhs wgnag ino it jumlnhl ihm mctcronhnhlwgctgcr i lnvch sdani` drmcr ns is nt dulgt td ec6 ihm wgctgcr

ittcopts td prcscrvc dr agihlc nt irc dejcatnvc`y justnbncm. ]gns scatndhoiy ec ai``cm tgit db priatnai` sdani` prde`cos. Ey suag mcbnhntndhsihm mnvnsndhs [rdbcssdr Qtioo`cr cxgiusts cvcry pdssne`c bdro dbsdani` stumy. ]gus wc sgdu`m givc tgc bd``dwnhl sagcoc:

Qdani`Qanchac.

Lchcri`Qtumy dbQdancty.

Qtumy dbAdharctcQdancty.

Aiusi`.]c`cd`dlnai`.db tgc bdro(tcaghnai` sanchac dbìw).

db tgc oittcr (sdani`cadhdonas).db tgc pdssne`c,(priatnai` prde`cos).

V12_

\c ec`ncvc tgit tgns tie`c adrrcat`y rcprcschts gns vncws, i`tgdulglnvch nh dur dwh wiy, ihm nh wdrms sdocwgit mnbbcrcht brdo tgdscuscm ey gno. I hcw trcitocht db tgc sdani` sanchacs, tgc wdrf dbscrndus ihm fcch ien`nty, suag is Qtioo`cr sccos td pdsscss, aihhdtbin` td rcacnvc tgc cirhcst ittchtndh db i`` stumchts db i suejcat wgnag

ns stn`` sd viluc ihm adhtrdvcrsni`. @ct us cxionhc nt tgch scatndh eyscatndh.

]gc bnrst nhvcstnlitndh rcìtnhl td sdancty, tgit adhacrhcm wntgaiusi`nty, wdu`m ec mnrcatcm td sd`vnhl tgc prde`co db tgc hiturc dbsdancty. Oihy mcbnhntndhs givc ecch lnvch db tgns up td tgc prcscht:ihm hdhc db tgco aih ec sinm td ec lchcri``y iaacptcm, dr cvch td



aìno wnmc suppdrt. Qtioo`cr nhmccm, rcjcats, ibtcr arntnanso, tgcmcbnhntndhs db Qpchacr dr Uoc`nh, wgnag ippcir td gno td ec tgc odstnopdrtiht ihm td ec rcprcschtitnvc db i`` tgc dtgcrs. Qdancty ns hdt ihdrlihnso(Qpchacr), hdr ns nt ocrc`y sdoctgnhl dppdscm td `cli`nscmsdancty (Uoc`nh): Qdancty, siys Qtioo`cr, ns ' `nbc `nvcm ey och nhadoodh, suejcat td ru`cs wgnag irc cxtcrhi``y enhmnhl.' ]gcsc ru`csoust ec uhmcrstddm nh i vcry wnmc schsc, is i`` tgdsc wgnag enhmoch `nvnhl tdlctgcr td sdoctgnhl wgnag ns sitnsbncm ey dutwirmpcrbdroihac. ]gcy irc mnvnmcm, gdwcvcr, nhtd twd ìrlc aìsscs: ru`csprdpcr`y spcifnhl `cli`, ihm ru`cs db adhvchtndh. ]gc scadhm aìssnhaùmcs tgc prcacpts db prdprncty ihm db austdo, tgc admc db fhnlgt`ygdhdur, ihm sd dh. ]gc mnstnhatnvc tcst `ncs nh tgc biat tgit tgc ìttcraìss irc ocrc`y

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