Historical BackgroundHistorical Background

77thth Century Arabs conquer Palestine Century Arabs conquer Palestine

1009 Western attitudes turn1009 Western attitudes turn

Muslims attack Byzantine EmpireMuslims attack Byzantine Empire

Development of “Crusade”Development of “Crusade”

Faithful of St. PeterFaithful of St. Peter

Knights of ChristKnights of Christ

Righteous campaignRighteous campaign

Root out evilRoot out evil

First CrusadeFirst Crusade1095 - 10991095 - 1099

Pope Urban II called Pope Urban II called for Crusade in 1095for Crusade in 1095

1099 Muslim 1099 Muslim population was population was massacred massacred

The creation of the The creation of the Crusader StatesCrusader States

Second CrusadeSecond Crusade1147 - 11491147 - 1149

1147 foolish attack on Damascus 1147 foolish attack on Damascus that endangered Crusader Statesthat endangered Crusader States

Third CrusadeThird Crusade1187 - 11921187 - 1192

Henry II of England, Richard I of England, Henry II of England, Richard I of England, Philip II of France, and Frederick I, Holy Philip II of France, and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor Roman Emperor

Richard I (The Lion Heart)

Fourth CrusadeFourth Crusade 1202-1204 1202-1204

Directed by PapacyDirected by Papacy Formed to conquerFormed to conquer

EgyptEgypt Venetians gained Venetians gained

controlcontrol

Fifth CrusadeFifth Crusade1217 - 12211217 - 1221

Pope Innocent III CALLEDPope Innocent III CALLED

Robert of Courcon Robert of Courcon preached messagepreached message

Emperor Frederick IIEmperor Frederick II was was prohibited by Pope Honoriusprohibited by Pope Honorius

Sixth CrusadeSixth Crusade12281228

Holy Roman Emperor, Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick IIFrederick II

Al-Kamil, Sultan of EgyptAl-Kamil, Sultan of Egypt

Seventh CrusadeSeventh Crusade1248 - 12541248 - 1254

June 6, 1249 Damietta was taken by Louis June 6, 1249 Damietta was taken by Louis IX as a base for his fight for JerusalemIX as a base for his fight for Jerusalem

This crusade was a complete failureThis crusade was a complete failure

Eighth CrusadeEighth Crusade12701270

King Louis IX of King Louis IX of France France unsuccessful in unsuccessful in attack on Tunisattack on Tunis

Died in Carthage Died in Carthage of the plagueof the plague

Ninth CrusadeNinth Crusade12711271

The fall of Antioch, Tripoli, and Acre the final traces The fall of Antioch, Tripoli, and Acre the final traces of Christian Occupation of Syria Vanishedof Christian Occupation of Syria Vanished

Effects of the CrusadesEffects of the Crusades Failed to regain holy land or Failed to regain holy land or

protect Constantinopleprotect Constantinople Worsened Jews social positionWorsened Jews social position Muslims lost control of Spain Muslims lost control of Spain

Muslims learn new military Muslims learn new military techniquestechniques

Brought Islamic science, medicine, Brought Islamic science, medicine, and architecture to Europe and architecture to Europe

ReferencesReferences Asher, S. The effects of the crusades. Retrieved February 27, Asher, S. The effects of the crusades. Retrieved February 27,

2005, from 2005, from http://www.iwms.wlwv.k12.or.us/ASHERS/2003_AM_Islam/alex/effehttp://www.iwms.wlwv.k12.or.us/ASHERS/2003_AM_Islam/alex/effectct

-pg1.htm-pg1.htm Discussion: Crusade. Retrieved February 15, 2005, from Discussion: Crusade. Retrieved February 15, 2005, from

http://omniknow.com/common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Crusade#Pohttp://omniknow.com/common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Crusade#Populpul

ar_reputation.ar_reputation. Farlex (2005). Farlex (2005). Eighth crusade.Eighth crusade. Retrieved February 25, 2005, from Retrieved February 25, 2005, from

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/eieighth+crusade ghth+crusade