Histology of epithelium and connective tissues

ByDr. Abdul Waheed Ansari

Chairperson & Prof. Anatomy, RAKCODS. RAKMHSU.

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The learning outcomes

• Classification of four basic tissues.

• Characteristic features of four basic tissues.

• Locations where the simple epithelium are found.

• Locations where compound epithelium are located.

• Types of connective tissues.

• Functions of epithelial tissues and connective tissues.

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Our entire body is made up of 4 basic tissues

• Epithelial tissues.

• Connective tissues.

• Muscular tissues.

• Nervous tissues.

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Characteristic features of epithelial tissues

• There are cells.

• They divide mitotically and replace the old cells.

• They are avascular.

• They protect our body.

• They produce secretions.

• They help in absorption.

• They are involved in excretion.

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Characteristic features of connective tissues

• They connect one tissue with the other.

• There are cells, fibers and ground substance.

• They are highly vascular.

• The cells of connective tissues produce the fibers as well as ground substances.

• Functionally they are binding, supporting, packaging, protection, repair, defense, insulation and transportation.

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Features of muscular tissues

• The tissue highly excitable.

• The tissue is showing conductivity.

• It has contractility.

• It shows extensibility and elasticity.

• It is highly vascular.

• The cells are elongated.

• The cells contain myofilaments (Contractile proteins)

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Features of nervous tissues

• Excitable tissue • Composed of neurons and glial cells • No CT within the CNS • Supporting CT in peripheral nerves and superficial

aspects of the CNS (meninges)• Supporting or neuroglial cells are oligodendroglia,

astrocytes,microglia, ependyma and schewancells.

• Neurons are unipolar, pseudounipolar, bipolar and multipolar.

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Epithelial tissue

• Simple squamous

• Simple cuboidal

• Simple columnar

• Stratified squamous-keratinized and nonkeratinized

• Stratified columnar

• Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

• Transitional

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Stratified epithelium

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Connective tissues

• Features are :-• It has cells, fibers and

ground substance, amorphous substance.

• It connects one basic tissue with the other basic tissues.

• There are three types of fibers:-

• Collagen, elastic and reticular fibers in connective tissues.

• Examples of connective tissues are loose connective tissues, blood, cartilage, bone , adipose tissue and embryonic connective tissue.

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3 types of cartilagesHyaline cartilage

• Fine collagen fibers give tissue a “washed out” appearance

• Chondroblasts are found in large lacuna.

Elastic cartilage has visible elastic fibers.

• Visible collagen fibers• Small lacuna• Where strong support is needed.

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.

The fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs

• Visible collagen fibers

• Small lacuna

• Where strong support is needed.

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Bone tissue

• Bone is very rigid because in addition to collagen fibers it has a dense matrix of calcium salts.

• The matrix forms a circular pattern-Haversian system

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References

• http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~biomania/tutorial/tuthisto/ep06.htm

• http://www.fsu.edu/~histo/two~1.htm• http://webanatomy.net/histology/epithelial_histology.htm• http://www.sophia.org/tutorials/histology-nervous-tissue• http://www.exploringnature.org/db/detail.php?dbID=21&d

etID=691• http://quizlet.com/5933761/location-and-function-of-

tissue-types-flash-cards/• http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/notes/api

%20notes%20f%20connective%20tissues.htm

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