Timeline:A New World

1492 Columbus arrives in San Salvador

1522 Cortes conquers the Aztec Empire

1535 Church of England established

1542 The New Laws protect Native Americans in New Spain

1588 England defeats the Spanish Armada

1607-09 First European settlements in North America

Pre-Columbian Native Americans

And later came the people of the cities, the people already conquered. They brought their tribute; their goods went to become the victor’s, the green stone, the gold, the precious feathers, and still other precious stones, the fine turquoise, the lovely continga, the roseate spoonbill. They gave it to Moctezuma. It arrived there together.

John White, c1596

… all these, I could perceiue, differ little in language, fashion, or gouernment: though most be Lords of themselues, yet they hold the Bashabes of Pennobscot, the chiefe and greatest amongst them. (Smith)

“an Absolute Republick by itself, governed in all Publick affairs of War and Peace by the Sachems or Old Men, whose Authority and Power is gained by and consists wholly in the opinions of the rest of the Nation in their Wisdom and Integrity. They never execute their Resolutions by Compulsion or Force Upon any of their People” (Colden)

“All real authority is vested in them. The land, the fields, and their harvest all belong to them. They are the souls of the Councils and the arbiters of peace and of war. .. The children are their domain, and it is through their blood that the order of succession is transmitted.” (Lafiteau)

Review: Pre-Columbian Americans• Lifestyles

– Hunter-gatherer– Sedentary agrarian– Hybrid– Urban

• Guns, Germs, and Steel

• Common cultural features in Northeastern America– Political and social groupings– Religion– Gender norms

ChurchKing

LordsKnights

PeasantsSerfs

ChurchKing

LordsKnights

PeasantsSerfs

BOURGEOISIE

Charles VHoly

Roman Emperor

Henry VIIIKing of England

Francis IKing of France

HELL PURGATORY HEAVEN

r.1558-1603r.1553-1558

r.1509-1547

r. 1547-1553

“All witches should be exterminated.”- Jean Calvin

“I would have no compassion on the witches. I would burn them all.”

- Martin Luther

To conclude. All witchcraft comes from carnal lust, which is in

women insatiable. See Proverbs xxx: There are three things

that are never satisfied, yea, a fourth thing which says not, It

is enough; that is, the mouth of the womb. Wherefore for the

sake of fulfilling their lusts they consort even with devils.

all other English Trades are grow beggarly or

dangerous, especially in all the king of Spain's

Dominions, where our men are driven to fling their

Bibles and prayer books into the sea, and to

forswear and renounce their religion and conscience

and consequently their obedience to her Majesty

That the Spaniards have executed most

outrageous and more then Turkish cruelties in all

the west Indies, whereby they are every where

there, become most odious unto them, who would

join with us or any other most willingly to shake of

their most intolerable yoke, and have begun to do it

already in divers places where they were Lords

heretofore.

Treat your slaves the way you wish your master to treat

you. You say, “But I am not a slave!” True, for now you are

fortunate. But things change. (Seneca)

“like books on a shelf”

Review: A New World• Three European imperial strategies

– Conquest– Commerce– Colonization

• The Columbian Exchange