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Collection of data related to substance use and suicide in Central Virginia with emphasis placed on the City of Lynchburg and the counties of Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, and Campbell.
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2014 Collection of Local and State Data On Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug (ATOD) Use/Abuse
& Suicide Trends
Table of Contents
Item Page(s)
Office of Chief Medical Examiners Annual Report Summary for the Western District 3-8
Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services: Virginia Crime Trends 2002-2011. Published 3/2013
9-10
Law Enforcement Statistics for Region 2000 per locality 11
Virginia Highway Safety Traffic Crash Facts 2012 11
12 Annie E. Casey Foundation Kids Count Data Data provided by: Voices for Virginia’s Children
2012 Lynchburg City School Youth Survey Results 13
The Virginia Atlas of Community Health: Heath planning District 11 Youth Health Risk Profile 14
3
Office of the Chief Medical Examiners’ Annual Report 2012, Virginia Dept of Health: Western District
The overall number of drug/poisoning cases decreased slightly (1.62%) from 2011. Prescription drug deaths decreased by 14.3% from 2011; however, illegal (illicit) drug deaths increased by 8.3%.
The overall rate of drug/poison deaths for Virginia residents was 9.3 per 100,000 The majority of cases were accidents (77.3%), males (59.1%), whites (84.1%), and 45-54 year olds (28.0%) The Western OCME district handled one-third of all drug/poison deaths Cocaine and heroin are not the only illegal drugs used in Virginia; however, they are the main compounds found in deaths by illegal drugs. Ad-ditionally, heroin deaths are typically underestimated because heroin is very rapidly metabolized into morphine. Therefore, without known heroin history, circumstances, and/or the presence of a specific heroin metabolite, heroin cases may be missed. [NOTE: Cocaine and heroin tables and figures represent deaths in which one or both illegal drugs caused death; but other drugs/poisons also may have caused death.]
Almost 80% of the cases were males Cocaine and/or heroin were involved in 17.9% of all drug/poison cases Suicide deaths in general have been slowly increasing since 1999. In 2012, there were 14 fewer suicides (1.3% lower) than in 2011. Victims were most frequently males (77.9%), white (86.4%), and those aged 45-54 years old (20.7%).
Whites committed suicide at a rate 5.6 times that of Hispanics, 2.9 times that of Blacks, and 2.7 times that of Asians
Males were 3.5 times more likely to commit suicide than females Handguns, hangings, and drug use were the 3 most commonly used methods in suicides, with these deaths representing 42.9%, 20.0%, and 13.2% of all suicides, respectively Ethanol was present in 26.8% of all suicides, with 16.9% of suicides having a blood alcohol of 0.08% W/V or greater
Manner Western
District
state
Accident 695 2411
Homicide 56 344
Natural 458 1788
Suicide 263 1053
Undetermined 41 171
TOTAL 1513 5767
Total Number and Percentage of OCME Cases by Manner of Death and Gender, 2012
Manner of Death
Gender Accident Homicide Natural Suicide Undeter-
mined
Total
Male 1570 (65.1%) 265 (77.0%) 1240 (69.4%) 820 (77.9%) 98 (57.3%) 3993 (69.2%)
Female 841 (34.9%) 79 (23.0%) 548 (30.6%) 233 (22.1%) 73 (42.7%) 1774 (30.8%)
TOTAL 2411 344 1788 1053 171 5767
4
Total Number of Drug/
Poison Cases by District
OCME
Cases
Percentage Total Number of Drug/Poison
Deaths by Cocaine , Heroin &
Combination
Cocaine Cocaine &
Heroin
Heroin Total
Deaths
Central 186 23.1% Central 11 6 38 55
Northern 211 26.2% Northern 18 6 33 57
Tidewater 140 17.4% Tidewater 16 6 35 57
Western 268 33.3% Western 20 2 9 31
TOTAL 805 100.0% TOTAL 65 20 115 200
Total Number of OCME Drug/Poison Cases by District and Cause of Death, 2012
OCME District
Cause of Death Central Northern Tidewater Western Total
Ethanol Poisoning 11 4 8 11 34
Ethylene Glycol Poisoning 2 4 1 1 8
Illegal (Street) Drug Poisoning 54 35 47 20 156
Inhalant Poisoning 3 2 2 1 8
Mixed Drug Category 8 55 24 45 132
Not Otherwise Specified Poisoning 1 1 5 1 8
OTC Poisoning 9 7 5 3 24
Other Poisons (Heavy Metals, etc.) 0 1 0 1 2
Prescription Drug Poisoning 98 102 48 185 433
TOTAL 186 211 140 268 805
Total Number and Rate of Drug/Poison
Deaths by City/County of Residence
Total Number of Drug/Poison Deaths by Fentanyl,
hydrocodone, methadone, and oxycodone
Combination and City/County of Residence
Total Number and Rate of Cocaine and Heroin
Combination Deaths by City/County of Residence
County/City of
Residence
Total
Deaths
Rate per
100,000
County/City of
Residence
Total
Deaths
Rate per
100,000
County/City of
Residence
Total
Deaths
Rate per
100,000 Amherst County 4 12.4 Amherst County 1 3.1 Amherst County 2 6.2
Appomattox County 0 0.0 Appomattox County 0 0.0 Appomattox County 0 0.0 Bedford City 0 0.0 Bedford City 0 0.0 Bedford City 0 0.0
Bedford County 7 10.1 Bedford County 4 5.7 Bedford County 1 1.4
Campbell County 2 3.6 Campbell County 2 3.6 Campbell County 0 0.0 Lynchburg City 10 13.0 Lynchburg City 7 9.1 Lynchburg City 1 1.3
TOTAL 23 39.1 TOTAL 14 21.5 TOTAL 4 8.9
Drug Related Deaths 2012
5
Total Number of OCME Drug/Poison Cases by District and Cause
of Death, 2012 OCME District
Cause of Death Central Northern Tidewater Western Total
Ethanol Poisoning 11 4 8 11 34
Ethylene Glycol
Poisoning
2 4 1 1 8
Illegal (Street) Drug
Poisoning
54 35 47 20 156
Inhalant Poisoning 3 2 2 1 8
Mixed Drug
Category
8 55 24 45 132
Not Otherwise
Specified Poisoning
1 1 5 1 8
OTC Poisoning 9 7 5 3 24
Other Poisons
(Heavy Metals, etc.)
0 1 0 1 2
Prescription Drug
Poisoning
98 102 48 185 433
TOTAL 186 211 140 268 805
Drug Related Deaths 2012
Total Number of OCME Drug/Death Cases by Age
Group and Manner, 2012
Age Group
(years)
Accident Suicide Undetermined Total
<1 0 0 0 0
1-4 0 0 0 0
5-9 0 0 0 0
10-14 0 0 0 0
15-19 8 1 0 9
20-24 50 5 3 58
25-34 161 30 7 198
35-44 170 33 8 211
45-54 166 49 10 225
55-64 57 20 5 82
65-74 10 7 0 17
75-84 0 1 1 2
85+ 0 3 0 3
TOTAL 622 149 34 805
6
Total Number and Rates of OCME Cases by Manner of Death and City/County of Residence, 2012 Manner of Death
County/City
of Residence Accident Total
Accident
Rate Homicide
Total Homicide
Rate Natural
Total Natural
Rate Suicide
Total Suicide
Rate Undetermined
Total Undetermined
Rate Total Rate per
100,000
Amherst
County 19 58.7 0 0.0 24 74.1 4 12.4 1 3.1 48 148.2
Appomattox
County 8 52.9 0 0.0 3 19.8 1 6.6 0 0.0 12 79.3
Bedford City 1 16.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 16.8 0 0.0 2 33.5
Bedford
County 36 51.7 1 1.4 9 12.9 10 14.4 0 0.0 56 80.5
Campbell
County 19 34.4 3 5.4 11 19.9 7 12.7 0 0.0 40 72.5
Lynchburg
City 34 44.1 3 3.9 11 14.3 9 11.7 0 0.0 57 73.9
Total Number of Homicide Deaths by City/County of Injury and Year of Death
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Amherst County 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 3
Appomattox County 0 2 1 0 8 1 0 12
Bedford City 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
Bedford County 1 2 0 0 2 1 1 7
Campbell County 2 2 2 5 2 1 3 17
Lynchburg City 2 1 4 0 3 4 3 17
TOTAL 5 8 9 5 15 8 7 57
Manner of Death by Locality, 2012
7
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total
Amherst County 4 6 6 7 7 5 7 42
Appomattox County 2 0 0 3 3 2 2 12
Bedford City 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 8
Bedford County 7 6 9 14 14 13 8 71
Campbell County 6 3 7 6 6 10 9 47
Lynchburg City 8 6 13 5 9 10 6 57 TOTAL 28 22 36 37 41 40 33 237
Total Number of Suicide Deaths by City/County of Injury and Year of Death
Suicide Deaths 2012
Total Number of Child Suicide Deaths by Cause and Method of Death, 2012
Method of Death Autopsied Total Cases Asphyxia Hanging 8 12 Drug Use Ingested and/or injected illegal, prescription, and/or other type of drug 1 1 Motor Vehicle Car 1 1 Traumatic Injury Gunshot Wound 11 11 Handgun (6) (6) Rifle (3) (3) Shotgun (2) (2)
TOTAL CHILD SUICIDE DEATHS 21 25
8
Total Number of Suicide Deaths by Cause and Method of Death
Method of Death Autopsied Total
Cases Asphyxia Drowned 9 14 Hanging 56 211 Helium 2 11 Plastic Bag 2 5 Oxygen replacement/displacement 2 2
Other asphyxia 2 6 Drug Use Ingested and/or injected illicit, prescription,
and/or other type of drug
120 139
Jump Jump from height 2 19 Poisoned Carbon monoxide poisoning 2 18 Ingested ethylene glycol 6 8 Ingested other poison (ex. Heavy metals,
etc.)
1 2
Other Other 0 1 Traumatic Injury Cut/Stabbed self 10 11 Thermal burns and/or inhalation of com-
bustible material
5 5
Shot self with firearm 582 585 Handgun (450) (452) Rifle (48) (49) Shotgun (84) (84) Vehicular
Car 4 4 Multiple 0 1 Pickup Truck 1 1 Tractor Trailer 0 3 Train 1 7 TOTAL SUICIDE DEATHS 807 1053
Total Number of Suicide Deaths by Manner of Death and Ethanol Level, 2012
Method of Death No Ethanol 0.01-0.07% W/V ≥0.08% W/V Total Cases
Asphyxia
Drowned 8 4 2 14
Hanging 160 21 30 211
Helium 9 1 1 11
Plastic Bag 5 0 0 5
Oxygen replacement/displacement
0 2 0 2
Other asphyxia 5 0 1 6
Drug Use
Ingested and/or injected il-licit, prescription, and/or other type of drug
90 19 30 139
Jump
Jump from height 18 0 1 19
Poisoned
Carbon monoxide poisoning 11 5 2 18
Ingested ethylene glycol 6 2 0 8
Ingested other poison (ex. Heavy metals, etc.)
2 0 0 2
Other
Other 1 0 0 1
Traumatic Injury
Cut/Stabbed self 7 3 1 11
Thermal burns and/or inhala-tion of combustible material
3 1 1 5
Shot self with firearm 434 45 106 585
Vehicular
Car 4 0 0 4
Multiple 0 0 1 1
Pickup Truck 1 0 0 1
Tractor Trailer 3 0 0 3
Train 5 1 1 7
TOTAL SUICIDE DEATHS 772 104 177 1053
Virginia Suicide Deaths 2012
9 Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services: Virginia Crime Trends 2002-2011.
VIRGINIA DRUG ARREST RATE, 2002–2011 Drug offenses are defined as the unlawful cultivation, manufacture, distribution, sale, purchase, use, possession, transportation, or im-portation of any controlled drug or narcotic substance or the unlawful manufacture, sale, purchase, possession, or transportation of equipment or devices utilized in preparing and/or using drugs or narcotics. The drug arrest rate is the number of arrests for drug of-fenses per 100,000 arrest-age population (ages 10 and older). The total drug arrest rate includes arrests of both juveniles and adults. Drug arrest statistics can reflect law enforcement anti-drug activities and are not an accurate indicator of drug prevalence. Virginia drug arrest rates rose while U.S. drug arrest rates fell from 2002 to 2011. Over the decade, the drug arrest rate in Virginia
increased by 25%, while the drug arrest rate decreased nationwide by 6%. Virginia’s drug arrest rate over the decade was consistently below national rates and the rates for all but one of the bordering
states (West Virginia). From 2010 to 2011 the drug arrest rate in Virginia increased by 3% compared to a 5% decrease nationally. Virginia’s drug arrest rate increased by almost 21% from 2002 to 2011 and increased by almost 5% from 2010 to 2011.
Statewide violent index crime rate 2002 statewide violent index crime rate: 288.0 2011 statewide violent index crime rate: 197.3 From 2002 to 2011 the violent index crime rate decreased statewide by 32%. From 2002 to 2011 the violent index crime rate declined in each State Police division.
Drug Arrest
Rate by Year
Percent of
Change
2002 2010 2011 2002-2011 2010-2011
427.6 492.6 515.5 +20.6 +4.6
Virginia US
2011 Violent index crime rate 196.7 386.3
2011 property index crime rate 2249.6 2908.7
2011 Drug arrest rate 442.5 505.9
10
Locality Violent Crime rate Property Crime Rate Drug Arrest Rate
2002 2011 2002 2011 2002 2011
Amherst County 100.7 90.2 1,104.6 1,712.9 290.1 260.2
Appomattox County 80.1 86.4 699.0 844.4 109.2 120.
Bedford City 490.5 258.9 3,164.6 3,672.5 366.8 1,598.5
Bedford County 95.8 69.3 1,404.7 1,207.3 229.6 142.3
Campbell County 191.5 107.2 1,944.5 1,702.6 119.1 104.0
Lynchburg City 471.9 364.7 3,567.1 3226. 803.5 1279.2
Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services: Virginia Crime Trends 2002-2011.
Virginia Index Crime Rates and Drug Arrest Rate by Locality, 2002 and 2011 Source: DCJS
Crimes rates are reported per 100,000 population. Arrest rates are reported per 100,000 arrest-age population (ages 10 and older). Rates shown include contributions from all agencies reporting within the geographic locality, including
town, college/university, and other agencies.
11
Law Enforcement Statistics for Region 2000 per locality
2013 LYNCHBURG
DUI Arrests: Underage DUI Arrests 280
DUI Arrests Over 21YOA - 1,026
Alcohol Related Accidents: 70 in the city, 28 of which resulted in injuries. There were no alcohol related traffic fatalities.
Attempts to purchase, purchase, possession and consumption of an alcoholic beverage: 92 arrests
Alcohol/drug involvement in cases involving vandalism, property damage, rape, robbery, assault, murder, etc. This information
only applies where offender is known to have been under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Information for victims is not tracked.
Assaults: 297 Rape: 7 Property damage: 35 Robbery: 3 Other Sex Offenses: 5
2013 Campbell County 2014 Campbell County (through June 24th)
DUI Arrests: Underage DUI Arrests 3 • DUI Arrests: Underage DUI Arrests:1
DUI Arrests Over 21YOA: 79 • DUI Arrests Over 21YOA: 51
Underage Possession arrests: 12 • Underage Possession arrests: 7
Contributing to the delinquency of a minor arrest: 3 • Contributing to the delinquency of a minor arrest: 4
Juvenile drug possession offenses: 14 • Juvenile drug possession offenses: 10
Virginia Highway Safety Traffic Crash Facts 2012
Locality Alcohol related
Accidents
Alcohol related
Fatality
Alcohol related
Injuries
Amherst 39 0 27
Appomattox 26 0 18
Bedford 85 7 85
Campbell 67 5 37
Lynchburg City 98 3 57
Virginia 8777 (7.1%) 229 (29.6%) 5,861 (8.8%)
Statewide there were 28,719 DUI convictions in 2012
12
LOCALITY 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Amherst County Percent 17.4% 17.7% 18.9% 20.2% 20.3%
Number 1131 1184 1291 1333 1333
Appomattox County Percent 20% 21.9% 21.8% 22.3% 24%
Number 629 689 717 725 783
Bedford City Percent 25.8% 25.5% 27.9% 29.4% 29.5%
Number 328 326 350 352 346
Bedford County Percent 10.3% 11.2% 12.9% 13.7% 13.3%
Number 1445 1661 1947 2039 1,931
Campbell County Percent 16.2% 17.8% 18.6% 23% 19.2%
number 1816 1996 2211 2674 2,199
Lynchburg City Percent 24% 26.6% 29.6% 25.2% 29.3%
number 3522 3857 4267 3687 4,341
Virginia Percent 13.6% 14% 14.6% 15.6% 15%
Number 244,210 255,156 266,606 284,561 283.035
Annie E. Casey Foundation Kids Count Data Data provided by: Voices for Virginia’s Children
Children (0-17) living in poverty
13 2012 Lynchburg City School Youth Survey Results
Executive Summary
TOBACCO: Although most questions addressing tobacco use indicated that local students engaged in this type of behavior at a
constant or slightly lower rate than the nationally surveyed students, more high school students have tried to quit smoking.
Purchasing cigarettes from stores was indicated by 12th grade students as the primary point of access.
ALCOHOL: Similarly the Alcohol portion of the survey elicited responses indicate that the local students’ engagement in behav-
ior in this area is similar to or slightly lower than that of national students. One exception, however, is apparent from the results
of the question regarding how old the responded was when they took their first drink. The Lynchburg City survey indicate that
slightly more of those students had their first drink before the age of 13, especially among 6th grade students.
DRUGS: Except for one question within the Drugs section of the survey, all survey results were within a 2% range of the na-
tional results. The question excepted from this finding is the one concerning the use of steroids without a doctors prescription.
The percentages of local high school students who engaged in this behavior are 3% higher than those of their national
counterparts. A significant decrease for being offered, sold, or given illegal drugs among 12th grade students was also evi-
dent.
SEXUAL INTERCOURSE: The most notable and significant difference between local and national students was found result-
ing from the survey section regarding Sexual Behavior. Lynchburg City School students are having sexual intercourse at higher
or comparable rates to national samples, with increases noted in having sex with 3 or more people in their life time among high
school age students. Use of alcohol or drugs before having sexual intercourse increased since 2008 and is higher than na-
tional counterparts. Considerably more high school students use a condom.
14 The Virginia Atlas of Community Health Heath planning District 11 Youth Health Risk Profile
INDICATOR VIRGINIA HPD 11 AMHERST
COUNTY
APPTX
COUNTY
BEDFORD
CITY
BEDFORD
COUNTY
CAMPBELL
COUNTY
LYNCHBURG
CITY
High school-aged youth (14-19) who had
at least one drink of alcohol on at least 1
day during the 30 days before the survey. 189,350 7,081 850 334 121 1,841 1,353 2,582
High school-aged youth (age 14-19) who
felt sad or hopeless almost every day for
two or more weeks in a row so that they
stopped doing some usual activities
159,249 5,573 684 255 97 1,331 1,033 2,174
High school-aged youth (age 14-19) who
smoked cigarettes; smoked cigars,
cigarillos, or little cigars; or used
chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip on at least
1 day during the 30 days before the
survey
130,030 4,783 566 230 81 1,276 923 1,706
High school-aged youth (age 14-19) who
rode with a driver who had been drinking
alcohol one or more times in a car or
other vehicle during the 30 days before
the survey
125,783 4,426 535 209 75 1,114 837 1,655