ESS 303 BiomechanicsHip Joint

/ Differences (Women)Entire pelvic girdle tilted forwardBones thinner and lighterGreater distance between greater-superior iliac spines (wider greater or false pelvis)Wider and more spherical true pelvisMore triangular obturator foramenShallower symphasis pubisWider & more rounded pubic angle

Sacral PositionsNeutralSacral Flexion(With Trunk Extension)Sacral Extension(With Trunk Flexion)

6 Pelvic PositionsAnterior tilt (with trunk flexion or thigh extension)Posterior tilt (with trunk extension or thigh flexion)Left lateral tilt (left side drops)Right lateral tilt (right side drops)Left rotation (left back/right forward)Right rotation (right back/left forward)

4 Femur Neck AnglesAngle of inclination=125 is normal>125 is coxa valga

4 Femur Neck AnglesAngle of WibergIncreases with ageMale: about 38Female: about 35Acetabular anteversionMale: about 18.5Female: about 21

Some Final NotesRoundness of acetabulum decreases with ageTransmision of forces between upper and lower extremitiesAcetabular labrum (fibro-cartilage lip)Adds stabilityDeepens socketIncreases concavityGrasps head

Movements and Major MusclesAdduction: Gracilis & adductors (longus, brevis & magnus)Abduction: Gluteus medius & gluteus minimus Flexion: Iliopsoas (iliacus & psoas major) & rectus femorisExtension: Gluteus maximus & hamstrings (semitendinosus, semimembranosus & biceps femoris)Internal (medial) rotation: Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus External (lateral) rotation: Gluteus maximus, adductor brevis & aductor magnusCircumduction, horizontal (transverse) abduction, horizontal (transverse) adduction, hyperabduction, hyperadduction & Hyperextension : Combinations or exaggerations of above

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