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HinduismEarly Indus River Valley Civilizations:
http://www.flocabulary.com/ancient-india
• Decline started around 1750 BCE• Not sure how civilization actually ended• Think that river changed course or that the land
was over grazed• A natural disaster may have forced the Indus
people to flee• Also possible that new invaders known as Aryans
contributed to the end of the Indus Civilization
India after the Aryan Invasions
• India goes from classless to caste system
• Caste System-rigid social classes – tied to religion
• Aryans expected non-Aryans to do worst jobs
Origin/FounderHinduism is a collection of religious beliefs that developed over time.
Unlike other religions, Hinduism can not be traced to one founderwith a single set of ideas.
Holy Books
Vedas - collection of hymns and prayers Upanishads - are written as discussion between student and teacher. They explore how a person can get rid of desires and suffering and reach moksha.
Basic Beliefs
Henotheistic – all gods are part of Brahman (the supreme god)
Major god(s)
- Brahman - Supreme God- Creates, maintains, destroys, and re-creates the universe (cycle)- Everything is a part of Brahman including atman, or the human soul
Other Gods - Believe all gods are all an aspect of Brahman - Vishnu - Shiva - Brahma
Important Traditions/Customs
Dharma - Holy duty or moral responsibility- “The right thing to do”
1.Important Traditions/Customs
Karma: - the total of good and bad actions
- ones good/bad actions will affect their placement into their next life
Basic Beliefs
Reincarantion (“samsara”)– the process of an individual soul or spirit being born again
Basic Beliefs
Moksha –Goal of a Hindu’s life- Released from reincarnation and united with Brahman
Important Traditions/Customs
Caste System- reinforced through Karma and reincarnation- your caste would determine all aspects of lifehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j31veR74gSo
Important Traditions/Customs
Brahmins/Priests
Kshatriyas/Rulers & Warriors
Vaishyas/Peasants & Traders
Shudras/Laborers
Untouchables
Important Traditions/Customs-Pilgrimage to the Ganges river to cleanse or purify them. Many holidays and festivals (Divali, Holi,
Where is Hinduism today?- Mostly stayed in India- Some in SE Asiahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzLCIMKv17k
Crash Course
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Nn5uqE3C9w&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
• India: Vedas, caste system, dharma, reincarnation, buddhism, four noble truths, eightfold path, asoka
Buddhism
OriginsSiddhartha Gautama is the founder of Buddhism (563-483 B.C.)
Originated in India
Basic Beliefs
Reincarnation was the cycle of rebirth until one reached nirvana
Nirvana/Enlightenment - release from selfishness and pain
Holy TextsFour Noble Truths - explained what he discovered in his enlightenment, how to end suffering. Eightfold Path - how you achieve enlightenment
4 Noble Truths1) Everything in life is
suffering. 2) The cause of all suffering
is people’s selfish desire for the temporary pleasures of this world.
3) The way to end suffering is to end all desires
4) The way to overcome such desires and attain enlightenment is to follow the Eightfold Path, which is called the Middle Way between desires and self-denial
Major Gods
Rejects the idea of many gods
Some sects believe that Buddha was a god
Important Traditions/Customs
Sangha - religious community of Buddhist monks and nuns Rejected the Caste System Many followers were laborers and craftspeople.
Where is Buddhism today?
Missionaries spread Buddhism throughout Asia (China, Japan, Korea)
Was not widely accepted in India because of the rejection of the caste system
Four Noble Truths
Nirvana
India
Canaan
MonotheisticPolytheistic
Caste System
Israel
Asia Vedas
Upanishads
Torah
Ten Commandments
Abraham
Moses
David
Solomon
Karma
Yahweh
Brahman
Eightfold Path
Moksha
Aryans
Covenants
Iron Weapons
Anatolia
Chariots
Peace treaty with Egypt
King Minos
Labyrinth
Minotaur Pottery
Pre-Greek
Crete
Mediterranean Sea
City-states Trade
Purple Dye
Phonetic Alphabet
Caste SystemVedas
India
