Upload
others
View
9
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
3
acknowledgmentsa
ckn
ow
led
gm
en
tsacknowledgments
This 5th edition of Lonely Planet’s Hindi, Urdu & Bengali phrasebook is based on the previous editions by the Lonely Planet Language Products team and translators Richard Delacy and Shahara Ahmed.
Richard has studied and taught Hindi and Urdu formally at tertiary institu-tions in Australia and the US for several years. He has been travelling to India since the early 1990s and has also been to Pakistan.
Shahara is originally from Dhaka and now lives in Melbourne and works for Lonely Planet as a Cartography Manager. She still considers Bangladesh her home and visits as often as she can.
ack
no
wle
dg
me
nts
00a-prelims-hub5.indd 30a-prelims-hub5.indd 3 7/04/2016 3:04:33 PM7/04/2016 3:04:33 PM
4
make the most of this phrasebook ...Anyone can speak another language! It’s all about confidence. Don’t worry if you can’t remember your school language lessons or if you’ve never learnt a language before. Even if you learn the very basics (on the inside covers of this book), your travel experience will be the better for it. You have nothing to lose and everything to gain when the locals hear you making an effort.
finding things in this book This book is divided into a Hindi/Urdu part and a Bengali part – for ease of navigation, both are subdivided into the same sections. The Tools chapters are the ones you’ll thumb through time and again. The Practical sections cover basic travel situations like catching transport and finding a bed. The Social sections give you conversational phrases and the ability to express opinions – so you can get to know people. Food has a section all of its own: gourmets and vegetarians are covered and local dishes feature. Safe Travel equips you with health and police phrases, just in case. Remember the colours of each section and you’ll find everything easily; or use the compre-hensive Index. Otherwise, check the two-way traveller’s Dictionaries for the word you need.
being understoodThroughout this book you’ll see coloured phrases on each page. They’re phonetic guides to help you pronounce the language – you don’t even need to look at the language if you’re not familiar with the Hindi, Urdu or Bengali script. The pronunciation for Hindi and Urdu words and phrases is generally the same, but where they differ we’ve given a different pronun-ciation guide for each, preceded by ⓗ for Hindi and ⓤ for Urdu. The pro-nunciation chapter in Tools will explain more, but you can feel confident that if you read the coloured phrase slowly, you’ll be understood.
communication tipsBody language, ways of doing things, sense of humour – all have a role to play in every culture. ‘Local talk’ boxes show you common ways of saying things, or everyday language to drop into conversation. ‘Listen for …’ boxes supply the phrases you may hear and ‘signs’ boxes show you signs you might encounter.
MA
KE
TH
E M
OS
T O
F T
HIS
PH
RA
SE
BO
OK
00a-prelims-hub5.indd 40a-prelims-hub5.indd 4 7/04/2016 3:04:34 PM7/04/2016 3:04:34 PM
5
CO
NT
EN
TS
HIN
DI &
UR
DU
about hindi & urdu ........................................9map .......................................................... 10 introduction .............................................. 11
basics ..........................................................13pronunciation ..................................... 13
vowel sounds ...................................... 13consonant sounds ............................... 13syllables & word stress ........................ 14reading & writing ............................... 15
a–z phrasebuilder ............................... 17language difficulties ........................... 29numbers & amounts ............................ 31
cardinal numbers ................................ 31
ordinal numbers ................................. 32fractions .............................................. 32useful amounts ................................... 32
time & dates ....................................... 33telling the time ................................... 33the calendar ........................................ 34present ............................................... 35past..................................................... 36future.................................................. 36
practical ......................................................37transport ............................................ 37
getting around.................................... 37tickets ................................................. 38luggage .............................................. 40plane .................................................. 41bus & coach......................................... 41train .................................................... 42taxi ..................................................... 43car & motorbike .................................. 44bicycle................................................. 47local transport .................................... 47
border crossing ................................... 49border crossing ................................... 49at customs .......................................... 50
directions............................................ 51accommodation .................................. 53
finding accommodation...................... 53booking ahead & checking in .............. 53requests & queries .............................. 55complaints .......................................... 57checking out ....................................... 58
shopping ............................................ 59looking for .......................................... 59making a purchase.............................. 59
bargaining .......................................... 61books & reading .................................. 62clothes ................................................ 63hairdressing ........................................ 64music .................................................. 64photography ....................................... 65repairs................................................. 66
communications ................................. 67the internet ........................................ 67mobile/cell phone............................... 68phone ................................................. 69post office ........................................... 70
money & banking ................................ 71sightseeing ......................................... 73
sightseeing ......................................... 73getting in ............................................ 74tours ................................................... 75
business.............................................. 77specific needs...................................... 79
senior & disabled travellers ................. 79women travellers ................................ 80travelling with children ...................... 80
00a-prelims-hub5.indd 50a-prelims-hub5.indd 5 7/04/2016 3:04:34 PM7/04/2016 3:04:34 PM
6
CO
NT
EN
TS
HIN
DI
& U
RD
U
social ...........................................................83meeting people .................................. 83
basics .................................................. 83greetings & goodbyes ......................... 84addressing people .............................. 86making conversation .......................... 86nationalities ........................................ 87age...................................................... 88occupations & studies ......................... 88family ................................................. 90farewells ............................................. 90
interests ............................................. 91common interests ............................... 91music .................................................. 91cinema & theatre ................................ 92art ....................................................... 93sport ................................................... 94
feelings & opinions ............................. 95feelings ............................................... 95politics & social issues ......................... 96the environment ................................. 97
going out ............................................ 99where to go ........................................ 99invitations......................................... 100responding to invitations .................. 101arranging to meet ............................. 101
beliefs & cultural differences ............. 103religion ............................................. 103cultural differences ........................... 104
outdoors ........................................... 105hiking ............................................... 105weather ............................................ 107flora & fauna ..................................... 108
food ...........................................................109eating out ......................................... 109
basics ................................................ 109finding a place to eat ........................ 109restaurant ......................................... 110at the table ....................................... 112talking food ...................................... 113methods of preparation .................... 113nonalcoholic drinks ........................... 114alcoholic drinks ................................. 115
in the bar .......................................... 115 self-catering..................................... 117
buying food ...................................... 117cooking utensils ................................ 118
vegetarian & special meals ................ 119ordering food .................................... 119special diets & allergies..................... 120
menu decoder ................................... 121
safe travel..................................................129emergencies ..................................... 129
emergencies ..................................... 129police ................................................ 130
health ............................................... 133doctor ............................................... 133symptoms & conditions .................... 134
parts of the body............................... 137alternative treatments ...................... 138allergies ............................................ 138pharmacist ........................................ 139dentist .............................................. 140
dictionaries ...............................................141english–hindi/urdu dictionary ................ 141hindi–english dictionary ......................... 157
urdu–english dictionary ......................... 163
00a-prelims-hub5.indd 60a-prelims-hub5.indd 6 7/04/2016 3:04:34 PM7/04/2016 3:04:34 PM
7
CO
NT
EN
TS
BE
NG
AL
I
about bengali ............................................169map ........................................................ 170 introduction ............................................ 171
basics ........................................................173pronunciation ................................... 173
vowel sounds .................................... 173consonant sounds ............................. 174syllables & word stress ...................... 175reading & writing ............................. 175
a–z phrasebuilder ............................. 177language difficulties ......................... 187numbers & amounts .......................... 189
cardinal numbers .............................. 189ordinal numbers ............................... 190
fractions ............................................ 190useful amounts ................................. 190
time & dates ..................................... 191telling the time ................................. 191the calendar ...................................... 191present ............................................. 193past................................................... 193future................................................ 193during the day .................................. 194
practical ....................................................195transport .......................................... 195
getting around.................................. 195tickets ............................................... 196luggage ............................................ 197plane ................................................ 197bus & coach....................................... 198train .................................................. 199boat .................................................. 199taxi ................................................... 200car & motorbike ................................ 201bicycle............................................... 203local transport .................................. 204
border crossing ................................. 205border crossing ................................. 205at customs ........................................ 206
directions.......................................... 207accommodation ................................ 209
finding accommodation.................... 209booking ahead & checking in ............ 209requests & queries ............................ 210complaints ........................................ 212checking out ..................................... 213renting .............................................. 214staying with locals ............................ 214
shopping .......................................... 215
looking for ........................................ 215making a purchase............................ 215bargaining ........................................ 217books & reading ................................ 217clothes .............................................. 218hairdressing ...................................... 218music ............................................... 219photography ..................................... 219repairs............................................... 220
communications ............................... 221the internet ...................................... 221mobile/cell phone............................. 222phone ............................................... 222post office ......................................... 224
money & banking .............................. 225sightseeing ....................................... 227
sightseeing ....................................... 227getting in .......................................... 228tours ................................................. 228
business............................................ 229specific needs.................................... 231
senior & disabled travellers .............. 231women travellers .............................. 232travelling with children .................... 232
00a-prelims-hub5.indd 70a-prelims-hub5.indd 7 7/04/2016 3:04:34 PM7/04/2016 3:04:34 PM
8
CO
NT
EN
TS
BE
NG
AL
I
social .........................................................235meeting people ................................ 235
basics ................................................ 235greetings & goodbyes ....................... 235addressing people ............................ 237making conversation ........................ 237nationalities ...................................... 238age.................................................... 238family ............................................... 239occupations & studies ....................... 239farewells ........................................... 240
interests ........................................... 241common interests ............................. 241music ................................................ 241cinema & theatre .............................. 242art ..................................................... 243sport ................................................. 244
feelings & opinions ........................... 245
feelings ............................................. 245politics & social issues ....................... 245the environment ............................... 246
going out .......................................... 247where to go ...................................... 247invitations......................................... 248responding to invitations .................. 249arranging to meet ............................. 249love ................................................... 250
beliefs & cultural differences ............. 251religion ............................................. 251cultural differences ........................... 252
outdoors ........................................... 253hiking ............................................... 253weather ............................................ 253flora & fauna ..................................... 254
food ...........................................................255eating out ......................................... 255
basics ................................................ 255finding a place to eat ........................ 255restaurant ......................................... 256at the table ....................................... 257talking food ...................................... 258nonalcoholic drinks ........................... 259alcoholic drinks ................................. 259
in the bar .......................................... 260self-catering ..................................... 261
buying food ...................................... 261cooking utensils ................................ 262
vegetarian & special meals ................ 263ordering food .................................... 263special diets & allergies..................... 264
menu decoder ................................... 265
safe travel..................................................271emergencies ..................................... 271
emergencies ..................................... 271police ................................................ 272
health ............................................... 273doctor ............................................... 273symptoms & conditions .................... 274
allergies ............................................ 275parts of the body............................... 276alternative treatments ...................... 277pharmacist ........................................ 277dentist .............................................. 278
dictionaries ...............................................279english–bengali dictionary ..................... 279 bengali–english dictionary ..................... 291
glossary ............. 297 index .................. 299
00a-prelims-hub5.indd 80a-prelims-hub5.indd 8 7/04/2016 3:04:34 PM7/04/2016 3:04:34 PM
10
AB
OU
T H
IND
I, U
RD
U &
BE
NG
AL
I
hindi & urdu
Luck
now
Agra
Tirth
Raj
Pray
ag(A
llaha
bad)
Jodh
pur
Mum
bai
(Bom
bay)
Hyde
raba
d
Vara
nasi
Chan
diga
rh
Hyde
raba
dKa
rach
i
Amrit
sar
Laho
re
Pesh
awar
Delh
i
Islam
abad
BA
Y O
FB
EN
GA
L
Mouths of
t h e I n dus
Mo
uth
s o
fth
e G
an
ges
AR
AB
IAN
SE
A
Mah
aras
htra
Andh
raPr
ades
h
Him
acha
lPr
ades
h
Punj
abUt
tara
ncha
lHa
ryan
a
Utta
r Pra
desh
Raja
stha
n
Sind
h
Punj
ab
North
ern
Area
sNo
rth-W
est
Fron
tier
Prov
ince
Balo
chist
an
Biha
r
Wes
tBe
ngal
Mad
hya
Prad
esh
Jhar
khan
dGu
jara
t
Chha
ttisg
arh
Oriss
a
Jam
mu &
Kash
mir
Azad
Jamm
u &Ka
shmi
r
Sikk
im
Tibe
t
Tela
ngan
a
Afgh
anis
tan
Iran
(Chi
na)
Nepa
l
Bang
la-
desh
INDI
A
PAKI
STAN
The e
xter
nal b
ound
aries
of In
dia o
n th
ism
ap h
ave n
ot be
en au
then
ticat
edan
d may
not
be co
rrect
BA
Y O
FB
ENG
AL
AR
AB
IAN
SEA
Anda
man
Islan
dsNi
coba
rIsl
ands
Bang
lade
sh
Mya
nmar
Nepa
lTi
bet (
Chin
a)Bh
utan
Sri
Lank
a
INDI
A
PAKI
STAN
250
km15
0 m
i0 0
official language (Hindi) widely understood (Hindi & Urdu) official language (Urdu) For more details, see the introduction, page 11.
AB
OU
T H
IND
I &
UR
DU
00b-hu-title-map-hub5.indd 100b-hu-title-map-hub5.indd 10 7/04/2016 2:56:40 PM7/04/2016 2:56:40 PM
13
BASICS > pronunciation¬Cc;r,e' • تلفّظ
Many of the Hindi and Urdu sounds are also found in English. As ever, no book will replace listening to the language, but as a guide it can get you started.
vowel soundsThe length of a vowel is distinctive, so work on getting the differences between short vowels (like a) and long vowels (like aa) right.
vowel soundssymbol english equivalent hindi/urdu example
a run pa·ti
aa father pi·taa
ai aisle sa·mai
ay day pay·se
au cow au·rat
e bed de·kaa
ee bee pat·nee
i bit mil·naa
o go bol·naa
oo fool dood
u put sun·naa
consonant soundsThere’s a difference between ‘aspirated’ consonants (pronounced with a strong puff of air, like saying ‘h’ after the sound) and ‘unaspirated’ ones. There are also ‘retroflex’ consonants, where you bend your tongue backwards to make the sound. Our sim-plified pronunciation guide doesn’t include these distinctions – however, you’ll be understood just fine if you follow our system.
pro
nu
ncia
tion
01a-hu-pronunciation-hub5.indd 13a-hu-pronunciation-hub5.indd 13 6/04/2016 1:13:41 PM6/04/2016 1:13:41 PM