HILCHOS TA'ARUVOS outline

8/14/2019 HILCHOS TA'ARUVOS outline

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HILCHOS TAARUVOS

SHIUR TOPIC YOREH DEAHPIRKEI

SHOSHOHIM

1 Issur That Fell Into Heiter 98:1 1-72 Taam Kikar Siman 98:2-3 9-173 Chnn BKalim 98:4-5 19-264 Other Measurements 98:6-9 28-315 Issur Bones 99:1-4 33-376 Ain Mvatlin Issur Lchatchila 99:5 40-467 Ain Mvatlin Bissurai Drabbanan 99:6-7 48-528 Bria 100 55-599 Chaticha Haruya Lhischabad 101 62-68

10 Davar Sheyaish Lo Matirin 102:1-3 70-7511 Davar Sheyaish Lo Matirin 102:4 77-8012 Nosain Taam Lifgam 103:1-4 82-8713 Aino Ben Yomo Kailim 103:5-7 89-9314 Pickled Rodents 104 96-10215 Kavush Kmevushal 105:1 103-10816 Issur Fell Into Heter 105:2-3 110-11617 Tzli 105:4-6 118-12418 Ain Blios Yotzai Blo Rotav 105:7-8 126-13019 Melicha 105:9-14 132-14020 Batel 106 142-14521 Eggs, Fish and Flies 107 147-15222 Raiach Milsa 108 154-15923 Yavash bYavash 109 161-16824 Davar Chushuv 110:1-2 168-17025 Taisha Canuyos: 9 Stores 110:3-4 172-17826 Shema Yikach 110:5-6 180-18627 One was Eaten/Many Taaruvos 110:7-8 188-19528 Safek Sfaika 110:9-10 197-204

29 Tolin 111:1-4 206-20930 Two Kdairot of Heter 111:5-7 211-215


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1 Issur That Fell Into Heiter 98:1 1-7

Rava1. Min bsheaino mino dhetaira Permitted to be tasted by a Jew2. Min bsheaino mino dissura - Discerned by a kfaila

3. Min bmino - 60 needed to mvatel

The Taste Test (Issur bheitera) where a non-Jew is believedKfaila Maslat

Rasha (Mechaber) no NeedsRosh Needs NeedsTosfos & Ran Needs NoRambam No No

60 or Kfaila

Less than 60 More than 60Rashi No kfaila Needs kfailaRY & Rosh Needs kfaila No kfailaRambam(Mechaber)

Needs kfaila Needs kfaila, ok ifnot available

Why Maslat works here1. Taam kikar is assur midrabbanan2. Ain ischazak issura3. Efshar lmaikam dmilsa4.

Taz issur vheter does not need witnesses, only discovering

Rama always need 60Halacha even Sephardim hold need 60 in all issurim

The Jewish Taste TesterRelay on bdieved

Tongue TastingDrisha AssurTaz - bdieved

How to Measure 60Size not weight per Pischai TeshuvaSize or weight if same min and amount of air space; if different minim press out the air

and measure with size per Chinuch Bais Yehudah


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2 Taam Kikar Siman 98:2-3 9-17

Min BminoRav & Shmuel & Rashi

All issurim in the Torah that get mixed up into mino are not batelIn aino mino they are batel if dont give tatse

Reb Yochanan & Raish Lakesh & TosfotsAll issurim in the Torah (excluding tevel and yaiyin nesach) are batel if they

dont give taste

Taam KIkarRashi & Rambam hold it is midrabananRabbainu Tam holds it is mdoraisa; Mechaber also

Defining Min Bmino

Rava the name defines the minRema that in all cases is defined by name. If have same name, only 60 is needed

middrabananShach only in case where issur can osser heter beyond 60 we define min bmino by

name since after 60 taste is not a factor. However, if mvatel with 60 then we dodefine min by taste.

Nishpack: The Pot Boiled OverMin Baino mino if spills and cannot determine if 60:1, then assurMin Bmino if spills and can not determine, then mutar, since rov and no taste

Min BMino Vaino MinoRashba - we hold Min Bmino is batel brovIn this case regard the aino mino as not there and let mino mvatel it

Aino Mino: The GravyRashal argues with Rashba and assur due to a Torah decreePri Chadash also argues with Rabsha: as long as issur gives a taste in the heter then

assurSifsai Daas - also machmir since we do not know if each min spreads evenlyTaz & Shach say the meat is mutar but argue about the gravy

Taz & Mechaber the gravy is mutar

Shach gravy is assur

The Unknown: Not Always a SafekTaz 3 kinds of Safek

based on lack of ones ability the entire world lacks expertise Doubt the estimation used

Shach adds not allowed to estimate the size of issur when lfanainu


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3 Chnn BKalim 98:4-5 19-26

KchalNeeds 60 against it and it is included as part of the 60, since dont know who much

given offRavad applies to other issurim where issur can not be removed; if can be removed then

can estimateRishonim disagree and say in all cases can not estimated and need 60

Blios by MelichaShach only a kli assur to kdai klipa by mecliha, but food is assur until 60Rama kli can be used without koshering if 60 against klipa

Cham Miktazso Cham KuloTur need 60 against entire metal spoon

Mechaber & Rema only need 60 against part put into pot

Whatever is Possible to Mtakain We Must MTakainSomething that has a heiter should not be relie on bitulTaz by adding cold waer the food is assur because some of the taam went into the water

Cnnn bKalimRashba within 24 hours, blios in spoon become nevailaRambam no chnn by bliosMordechai where can remove issur do not say chnn; but where can not remove, we do

say chnn. Taz says this is even by kli cheres. Shach says new kli cheres never

becomes nevailaBais Yosef says Tur holds like RashbaRema says Tur holds like Rambam


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4 Other Measurements 98:6-9 28-31

KazayisAlways need 60 times the issur

Eggs need 61Shach eggs are not uniform size and eggs are a bria

Issur after 60Shach taste of issur is only middrabbanan; also can believe non-Jew; spices bmino are

mvatel and do not worry about tatseR Akiva Eiger in the name of the Ran if gives taste issur remains dorais; do not

believe non-Jew and if give taste in aino mino then no tbatel in mino

Issur Mvatel IssurMishnah Orlah can be mvatel klayimGm pigul nosar and tameh go mixed evenly no malkos; since no majority of one issurMechaber if issur falls in and is mvatel and then can count to mvatel a later issurOnly if do not hold chnn by other issurimTo those that do hold chnn by other issurim, can have an effect

1. A pot with 59 parts heter and two parts issur fall in at the same time2. 1 part milk falls into 29 parts heter and a separate group of 1 part meat and

30 parts heter mixed all together3. 1 part issur falls into 60 parts and then a little bit of another issur falls into

the pot


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5 Issur Bones 99:1-4 33-37

Zroah BishailaRan shells of orlah can be counted as heter against the orlah; gm talking about moist

bones; dry bonds are not assurRambam bones of issur count as part of the issurRabbainu Shimshon cannot be compared to nut shells; but learn from gid hanasheh that

issur bones are counted as issur (even if moist) since do not give off a tasteRashba agrees but says the marrow of issur bones can be counted as issur

Sticks and Stones1. Bones of issur miztaref to heiter (Mechaber)2. Heter bones are miztaref to heter and issur bones are miztaref to issur3. Heter bones miztaref to heter and issur bones are not miztaref to either (rema)

Efshar lsochato assur

Measurement inclusive of gravyEstimate to mvatel issurRashi safek doraisa we canot take the pot into estimationRashba Rashi case of lo rinu; but in case rinu we can estimate but only in min

bmino

Reinu and lo reinu

Rashal argues on Rashba and everything is measured as one can see it nowPri Chadash if dont know at time that fell it, donot machmir even if 60 nowTax argues and can matir if 60 exists now


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6 Ain Mvatlin Issur Lchatchila 99:5 40-46

Ain Mvatlin Issur Lchatchila Midoraisa or MidrabbananRavad Midoraisa learn from zroah bshaila

Tosefos midrabbananNoda Byehudah issur to be mvatel mamashos doraisa

Issur to be mvatel taam is drabbanan

Unintentional MvatlinTaz if one does not have the intention to mvatel, it is mutar; however if another option

exists, then no heterMishbtvos Zahav if the other option is a tircha, then permitted

Shogeg Ato MaizidTur makes a distinction between bitul vs. mapil (throwing away)Bais Yosef why not Shogeg due to Maiid in both cases?

1. In one case the person would eat, throwing away is for others2. Migo3. differs whether known or not

Taah BdinTaz not knowing is like Shogeg

ChakiraInvestigating if heter added before or after issur fell inBais Yosef Tur does not hold by din of Chnn by shaar issurimTaz we do not assume the worst

Nodah / Lo NodahIssur Vheter says 3 dinim Nodah - gezairaLo Nodah mistakeChaticha it is enoughRama agrees with first two and argues on third

Shcach disagrees with all threeHalacha lmaaseh Lo Nodah does not help


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7 Ain Mvatlin Bissurai Drabbanan 99:6-7 48-52

Three cases of Isurrai DrabananA: Issur doraisa which is not batel midrabbanan

B: Issur drabbanan that has a root in the TorahC: Chalah and Trumah

Rashba first is assur but second and third can add in order to mvatel them

Tosefos - first two can not add

Rosh & Raah: assur all three

AchronimMechaber, Taz & Rashal like Rashba

Rama & Shach like Rosh & Raah

Chozeir VNiur

Rama applies to all casesShach - kama kama batel in case of yvash byavash min bmino and nodeh

Kli Shemishtamshin Bo Bshefa

Large keli, then bilos so small that would not give tasteMechaber can use kli without koshering

Taz & Shach disagree


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8 Bria 100 55-59

Issurim not batel even in 1000

Davar chashuv - Important

Davar Sheyaish lo matirin - Mutar in time

Mareh / chazusa give appearance or a catalyst (like spices)

Issurai Hanaah

Most are assur drabanan; except machlokes on following:

Mtabel - Shach & R Akiva Eiger see shiur 4Maamid most hold drabanan, except Magen AvrahamChazusa Minchas Cohen - if put in for appearance & can be seen then is not

batelPri Chadash only safek, and if drabanan batel in 60Minchas Yaacov by food taam kikar (not appearance)

Bria not batel in 1000

5 conditions1. Whole

2. Chius3. assur from the time came into existence4. Called by a specific name when whole and a different name now5. Issur mgufo unatzmuso (in and of its own accord)

Aver Min haChaiQuestion if less than a Kezayis

Eggs Rambam says it is a bria and thus, we are not mekail


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10 Davar Sheyaish Lo Matirin 102:1-3 70-75

Davar Sheyaish Lo Matarin is not batel even in 1000. Why?Rashi gezara in time will become mutar therefore do not eat is as an issur even though batel

Ran Min bmino is not batel from the bloods by Yom HaKippur; the opposing force byDshlm is weak (going away) like Min bmino and thus, not batel

Badai HaShulchan - Since going to be Mutar soon, does not appear to people as veryserious, and so, they made a gezera

Min Bmino Min Baino MinoDshlm applies to Minbmino and not min baino mino

Safek Sfaika

Does not apply in the matter of eggs on Yom Tov1. Din does not apply2. Not a true Safek Sfaika3. We are machmir by Dshlm since completely mutar soon

ChazuzaIt is nikar and not batelTaz chazuza with taste is min bmino, but not either one by itselfShach hlds chazuza by itself can be called a Dshlm

Safek Traifa

Born on Yom TovPer Mechaber mutar like the RanPer Pischai Teshuva like Rahsi and machmir

MuktzaTzlach holds Dshlm only applies to food not to KailimRabbi Akiva Eiger holds Dshlm does apply to Kailim as well


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11 Davar Sheyaish Lo Matirin 102:4 77-80

8 additional factors

1. Asui lkalkail: Food would spoil if we wait to eat it bhetairaBadai HaShulchan - if totally inedible then mutar

2. Issur bain taam: Whether the issur has substance or only tasteTaz says tatse is not a dshlm; Shach says it is

3. Machmas atzmo: In and of itself it is assurRama says if issue is not machmas atzmo then BitulShach & Taz hold it is not batel

4. Nikar kodem bitul: it has to exist before it is batel

5. Neder: to have a neder annulled one must ask a competent Rav

6. Chzair vnesar: The issur becomes mutar and then again assurMahlokes Rashi & Rashi if Chametz on Pesach is dshlmLamaseh Rama holds it is not; Taz & Shach argue

7. Huter Imi shneesar: Mutar for the one it was assur to

8. Cook on Shabbos bmaizid then the food is assur to him foreverMagan Avrohom gets mixed up on Motzei Shabbos, but if mixed up on

Shabbos the assurChavas Daas mixed up n Shabbos, and thus, mutar only to one that cooked


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12 Nosain Taam Lifgam 103:1-4 82-87

When Bitul Applies

Rashba If issur is equal or greater than heter, then not batel even if lifgam, unless theissue is inedible

Ran If issue increases the volume of the taavravos to a size that compensates for thebad taste then it is not batel even though it is lifgam

Shach holds that even if there is no taste 60 is neededPri Chadash if the issue gives no taste it is batel brov; if gives taste 60 is required

Bad Now - Good LaterMechaber - per Shach that even issur that will eventually taste good is batel now if it is

lifgam now. Later when tastes good, then it is not batel.

Pri Chadash can be makil since it is an issur midrabbananKaf Hachim paskins that we can be maikil in hefsed mrubeh or shas hadchak

Nat bar NatTaz - even if the issur was lifgam in either pot, the second tavshil is mutar without 60

against the issurMinchas Yaakov - First tavshil must also be lifgamNekudas Haksef by cooking needs 3 nots of heter to remain mutar

Meat & HoneyAll (except Rambam) stam kli is an aino ben yomo and therefore lifgam


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13 Aino Ben Yomo Kailim 103:5-7 89-93

12-month old Kailim

Chacham Tzvi bdieved in all cases is mutar since the blios are like afarPanim Meiros - If Kli was used for hot food then the food is assur; if absorbed byusing cold food then mutar

Davar Shmuel - was used for hot food then the food is assur; if absorbed by using coldfood then machmir

Aino Ben YomoRashi & RT if the kli was not used to cook overnight the blios become lifgam; but if

used during the night, noRashbam kli called aino ben yomo after 24 hours

Leenas Lyla not used to cook in overnightSifsai Daas starts at the beginning of the night and ends as amud hashacherChamas Adam starts at shkia until haiyir hayomShach says davka by night (not also amount of time during day)

Basar vchalav1) Leenas Lyla after the basar bchalav and cooking the water2) Leenas Lyla between the basar bchalav and cooking the water3) Leenas Lyla between cooking the meat and the milkMechaber by 1,2 if cooked during the night, then 24 hours counted from time of

boiling the waterBais Yosef after night passes, count 24 hours from the issur not from the waterRama holds no differenceBy 3, 24 hours needed from issur per Rama; Shach no heiter

By shaar issurim:Mechaber always count from the issur since chnn does not applyRama in hefsed, can be meikil even without leenas lylaShach hold same at basar bchalav


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14 Pickled Rodents 104 96-102

Bitul is Aino NikarAruch HaShulchan Bitul only if is not nikar

Yavash byavash if one out of ten appears similar, then those 2 are assurYavash blach or lach byavash can not mvatel

Different between Shratzim & Shaar IssurimRama (Tur) Chumrah by Shratzim considered like a briah and not batel; other issurim

are batel brov (unless a special reason)Taz Do not give a din of briah; unless lach blach or yavash byavash then not batul no

matter how small since nikar

LmaasehKaf haChaim holds like the Taz

Chavas Daas and Pischai Tshuvah hold like the Shach

Case 1: Shuman was added daily (achbar found and shuman not poured afterwards)Rosh (Rama) is the shuman was liquid it is assur; if solid on a ntila is assurMechaber disagrees

Case 2: The Achbar jumped in after the shuman was pouredRama permits based on a safek sfaika

Chasam Sofer an animal will give off blios while alivePischa Teshuvah animals do not give off blios while alive

ChazakaIf found when hard, Issur Vheter keep shuman on a chazaka that it is mutar

WhiskyIf a fly falls in then need 60

WormsShach worms are not considered repulsive and thus need 60

Taz worms are replusive


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15 Kavush Kmevushal 105:1 103-108

The Kli: How much does it absorb?

Kli Cheres a new kli absobs immediately; if glazed or been used 3 times or once for1.2 a day then it absorbs in 24 hours

Wood absorbs only after 24 hoursMetal according to Taz absorbs kdai klipa; Issur Vheter it does not absorbGlass in a hesed mrubah it does not absorb

Above the LiquidPermit if part outside

Shamain

If piece above is shamain then assurSisfai Daas differentiates between tzir and waterRabbi Akiva Eiger every case o kavush (except tzir) even if it is fatty does not spread

Safek KavushRama safek kavush is assur; mutar by basar vhalav if safekTaz doubt does not change chazaka

Vinegar and TzirTzir pickles quicklyMechaber learns vinegar from tzir since both are charif

Shach holds that vinegar pickles in 24 hoursBadai HaShulchan that wiskey same din as vinegar

Darchai Tshueva davar charif takes 18 minutes; or 6 minutes


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16 Issur Fell Into Heter 105:2-3 110-116

Cooking versus transferring tasteBais Yosef cooking on Shabbos and cooking issurim similar

Kli rishon will assur through cooking so too kli shaini will asser food since it is maflitand mavlia

Rashba kli shaini does not cook but does cause to absorb kdai klipaTur kli shenai will assur completely

Irui Kli RishonRashbam like a kli shaini and does not cookRabbenu Tam irui cooks

Kli Rishon on the fireShach does not cook until yad soledes bo, but assur food dadi klipa (gezirah)Rashal even if not yad soledes bo make a hachaka to assur the food

Taz assur if yad soledes bo

Kli ShaniRashal maflit and mavlia, but not at the same timeBach can do both; but not maflit taste that is absored in something elseShach only maflit and mavlia a kdai klipa; kli cheres or food maikel in hepsed

Tata GavarChance to cool top it will absorb a klipa

Davar GushExtend laws of kli rishon

Rashal solid retains heat and law of kli rishonRama rotav retains heat more than a solid on a plate; just like rotav has din of kli

shaina so does a solidBach after leaving kli rishon becomes kli shainai

Ze Aytzel ZeTaz hot issur next to cold heter, everything is assur; basar vchalv one that is hot is

assur kdai klipa and the cold one is assur kula; Cold issur next to hot heter, assurkdai kelipa

Shach hot issur next to cold heter, the heter is assur kdai kelipa (also basar vchalav); ifboth are hot, the heter (or meat and cheese) completely assur

Nitzuk ChiburMordachai hot poured affects cold to be assur; Issur Vheter lchatchila, but bdieved it

is mutarTaz Flow connect top to bottomShach steam goes upPlaisa bottom and top are hot mutar to pour one to another


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17 Tzli 105:4-6 118-124

Heitar Shamain into assur Kachush

Mechaber - Shuman is chnn and spread by basar vchalavDoes not apply to other issurim

Taz - Davar kachush will not spread in a chaticha shumain

Gilion Maharsha summarizes 3 types of pitum (spreading)1. Shamain of heter absorbed by chatich kachush (issur) will carry out the blios of that

piece with the shamin2. Chaticha of shumain (heter) give off blios and carry kachush that was absorbed

from another piece3. Issur balua shamain will spread from one chaticha to another4. Bulua shamain will take out a balma kachush with itTaz disagrees with 1 & 4

Where did it Fall?Rabbi Akiva Eiger if 60 all is mutar

Not ExpertsRama by melicha in hefsed mrubah can be maikel by kachush


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18 Ain Blios Yotzai Blo Rotav 105:7-8 126-130

Issur Machmas Atzmo gives off blios of itself touches another piece assur kdai klepia

Bulua mixture of heter and issur - by touching mutar

Basar BchalavTur & Mechaber called issur machmas atzmo if touches another piece assur even

without rotavRashba - bulua and if touches another piece muar

ShatnezJust like a piece of flax removed then mutar

Shach not called an issur bulua

Not experts between shammunis and chahush; all a din of shumainAfter absorbed in the meat becomes bulua

LmaasehTaz holds like the Rashba, meat is mutar if separated from the milkShach meat is issue machmas atzmo

Issur Samain into Heiter KachushShach will not assur another piece

Blios in Kailim

Shach - kli assur dry food but not assur another pot (if no rotav)Chavas Daas - if moist not a din of rotav

Chavas Daas - blios in food will not assur the pot even if bulua is shamainTaz - it will absorb in such a case


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19 Melicha 105:9-14 132-140

The Strength of Melicha - Is it like bishul or like tzliRambam melicha does not spread more than a kelipa; melicha is less than tzli

Rashba melicha is like tzvi and if it is shumain it spreads and needs 60

Many PiecesMaharam chailev does not spread from one piece to another without rotav, either by

melicha of tzvi; if touches one piece only that piece is assur; if touches manypieces, all are assur

Rashba by melicha and tzvi shumain blios go from one piece to another, and thus, allcan combine to mvatel the issur

Shitas MechaberMelicha is like tzvi but not in all cases

TZLI MELICHA

CHUMRABlios transfer from one

piece to another

Any piece that does nothave 60 against is assur if

touching; and pieces do notcombine to mvatel the issur

KULAAll can combine to muvatel

the issur

The pieces that do notcontact with the issur are

mutar

Shitas Rama60 in every case of melicha like in bishul What case?

Taz referring to opinions that only assur a klipaShach mikar ha din the shamain spreads to 60; brings assur to 60 to show why we are

maikil to combine all the pieces

Six Cases Lhalacha1. Issur midoraisa and is shuman, need 60 even in hefsed mrubeh2. Issur midoraisa and is kachush with some fattiness, in hefsed mrubeh, kdai klipa3. Issur midoraisa and is all kachush, needs 60 even in hefsed mrubeh4. Issur midrabanan and shuman,, 60 needed even in hefsed mrubeh5. Issur midrabanan and kachush with some fattiness, in hefsed ktzas, kdai klipa6. Issue midrabanan and all kachush, kdai klipa

Tata GavarMechaber applies to melicha; only if issur is kachush, salted on bottom, and shumain

on top; otherwise kdai klipaRama issur maluach and heter is taful, the heter is assur kulo; if tahor maluach and

tamah taful the tahor is mutar with hadacha


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20 Batel 106 142-145

Eishar Lsochato (els)Issur is extracted to a point that there is not enough issur to give taste to the piece

By Basar bchalav holds els is assurBy shaar issurim

Rashba els is assur does not become a chnnTur els is mutarBais Yosef like the RashbaTaz - explains from Kchal

Lach LbachRama say chnn applies to all issurim and no difference lack or yavashKrasi chnn and les are different Asks on the RamaR Akiva Eiger are the same

Issur DavukMeChaber does not hold by issur davuk. Thus, better to let coolRama does hold issur davuk, thus, better to take out right away


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21 Eggs, Fish and Flies 107 147-152

Introduction (tameh fish found in bowl)1. Fish together with the water poured into the bowl a little at a time2. First all the water drained from the pot, then the fish poured into the bowl3. First some water with fish poured into the below, then water drained before

remaining fish poured into the blow4. Eggs poured from a pot into a bowl then chick foundRiva - even in 60 against tameh, all fish assurRabbainu Baruch - not issur machmas atzmo to osser the other fish without

rotav and will be bitul brovShach explains they are disagreeing about case #2Rabbainu Shimshon issur is in the rov; mutar if poured a little at a time

Ain Machzikin Issura

Rama says mutar since issur not established (and safek)

Bitul Brov has Chumras1. When draining the rotav before removing the fish, some rotav left behind and cooks

the fish2. Bloody egg cooked with other eggs and then some of the eggs added to eggs in a

second keli, all the eggs become assur

SummaryMechaber holds like RBaruch that the heter is because of bitul. Thus, if all

water is poured out first, then all is mutarRama holds everything is mutar because of ain machzikin issuraTaz & Shach hold like Rabbainu Baruch that in case of eggs machmir in

all cases where no rov.Shach - assurs in case #1.Tax even if water poured together with fish, all is mutar

A Fly in the SoupMaharshal holds 60 needed to mevatel the blios of a fly. Thus, if not 60 on a

spoon, then all on spoon is assur


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22 Raiach Milsa 108 154-159

Rashi Levi Raiach lav MilsaRabbainu Tam Rav Raiach Milsah spread blios

Rashba holds like Rav lchatchila and like Levi bdieved even in a small oven; but ifcooked in own kdaira then lchathila mutar to roast same time in small oven

Rosh holds lchatchila mutar to roast issur and heter in a big oven left openBais Yosef if oven is big and left open then even Rav permits; only one fact then only

bdieved; but even small and closed, then mutar bdieved since raiach lav milsa

ChametzSifsai Daas If mutar lchathilah by shaar issurim, mutar lchatchilah by chametz

If mutar bdieved . mutar hefsed mrubeh

Shaiva: Drawing PowerBread over opening of barrel of wine will absorb taste of wine3 cases of issur over barrel of yayin nesech

Hot bread if barrel is openCold bread from barley if barrel is openHot bread from barley even if barrel is closed

MashehuIf oven completely closedMagen Avraham assur even hefsed mrubeh

Plasi mutar bhefsed mrubeh (also Mishna Brura)


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23 Yavash bYavash 109 161-168

Rov or 60

Tosefos, Rosh, Rashba, Ran hold that bitul brov yavaish byavashh min bmino evenmdrabanan

Ravad and Rambam, 60 is needed midrabanan

Min bsheaino mino (yavash byavash)Tur bitul rrov appliesSefer Hatrrumah does not applyBais Yosef needs 60 since taste can be distinguished

FlourBach considers flour lach blach since not evenly dispersed

Eating Taaruvos four levels of heiter1. Tur (Rosh) one person can eat entire mixture at one time and not required to

throw one piece out2. Rashba one person can eat entire mixture but not at same time3. Tosefos one person can not eat entire mixture4. Rashi throw away one piece (or give to a non-Jew) then rest can be eaten

even all at once

How Bitul Works Rosh issur became heter and can eat all

Rashba eat since presumption issur is in other pieces

Mashehu or Kaifel measuring RovAny amount over 50% Shach2:1 ratio 67% midrabbanan Minchas Yaakov

Issurai DrabbananBais Yosef issur drabbanan is batel chad btrai in a min baino mino. 60 not

neededRama even issur drabanan needs 2:1Sifsai Daas permit only issurai drabbanan bhefsed mrubeh

Gilyon Maharsha says only applies to yavash byavash; but lach blach assursince impossible not to eat portion of each at any one time

NodahBach if pieces cooked separately no difference if known or not beforehandShach din of bitul plus factor of nodeh must be present; without nodeh there is

no bitul mdoraisa


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24 Davar Chushuv 110:1-2 168-170

R Meir - that which is counted must be destroyed (not batel)Rav Yochanan ES always counted

Raish Lakish Kol typically countedChachamin only 6 itmes render an entire unit unfit

Egozai Perach, Rimonai Badan, Chavious Satumos, Chalfos Tardin, Klachai Kru,Dlas Yavanis

Rabbi Akiva adds homemade bread

EggsTaz says Mechaber follows Rabbi Akiva that except for 7 items, a davar bminyan can

be batelMishbatzos Zahav holds like Rama no safek that eggs are a davar bminyan; follows R

Meir according to Rav Yochanan and thus not batel

Shach and Taz bring Rashal that holds like Raish LakishKaf HaChaim says Mechaber wrote that a daar chasuv is dependent on time and place

and thus davar shebminyan is not batel

Aino MinoShach and Biur Hagra infer that Mechaber that aino mino is not batelKaf HaChaim says lav daka and includes mino and aino mino in batelRama per Shach that even aino mino is not batel


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25 Taisha Canuyos: 9 Stores 110:3-4 172-178

Kol Kavush Kmechtza Al Mechtza DumiIn a designated place, called kavuah

Kol Dparush Mrubah ParushDo follow majority if correct

Nimtza Pirush Lo LfanainuDont know which store, then safek starts in the street

Pirush LfanainuSafek starts in the store

Basar Shenisalem Min HaeyinGezeira perhaps switched

Dinim of KavuahSifsai Daas says 3 cases1) Kavuah Doraissa - all say assur2) Taaruvos Chanuyos one store sells but known machlokes if chaticha is

assur midoraisa3) Kavuah drabbanan issur not nikar and batel midoraisa; however,

midrabbanan not batel Rashba if issur falls out without our involvement,then mutar; Rama it is assur

Kavuah Lmafraiah

After purchased, became know that one store sells nevailaKavuah Doraissa Taaruvos Chanuyos Kavuah drabbanan

Raah Kol kavuah lmafraiah Kol kavuah lmafraiahRashba Assur Permits Mutar if bought first

Ran Assur mutar Mutar if bought firstRosh Bach

ShachAssur

Permitsassur

PermitsPermits

Kavuah BTaaruvosMechaber 1st safek maybe the piece being eaten is not from the shops

2nd safek even if from these shops, perhaps from kosher one

Rama says assur

Pirush lfanainuShach/Bach learn the Rashba says this is only assur if midrabbanan, and therefore if

becomes mixed up, becomes mutarShach says it is doraisaShach does permit in another taaruvos since a safek sfaika; din of kavuah is ain bo ela

lchidusha (only applies to specifed case and not beyond)


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26 Shema Yikach 110:5-6 180-186

IntroductionRashba mutar to purchase chatichos that are not ruya lhischabed even after it became

known that a chaticha of nevaila was mixed up. Machmir to osser. Tur asks that since

this is a case of kavuah the pieces that are not ruya lhischabed should be assur mikarhadin. How understand the Tur?

Dachai Moshe, Bach Drisha - Tur holds Rashba is referring to case two, which Tur holdsis assur midoraisa

Taz side same piece has no difference if contains or not ruya lhischabad assur mdinkavuah midrabbanan

Shema YikachIf a piece is removed, it is assur since worried someone might take directly and say it is

mutarTaz infers that even if piece is parush lo lfanainu, it would be assur gezaira shem yikach.

Applies to third case, since first two are assur midoraisaShach infers if taken bdieved (bshogaig) it is assur. Accordingly the Mechaber would be

matir parush lfanainu

Taaruvos ChatichosMechaber says refers to case three which is only assur midrabbanan. Do not assur the

meat lmafraiah; if ruya lhischabed is assur from point on Shach applies to a shopdue to many people and then can make a mistake; case three at home is mutar sincelittle chance an individual would make a mistake between ruya or not

Story of a Butcher7 cows; two the shop and then later; found that one (unknown which) was treif

The Din4 cows are assur at home (case three); first two cows that were first taken to the shopare mutar (kol dparush mrubah parush and lo nodo); What about the two halves?

Checlkos Mechokek half at home is mutar; since one at shop is mutar use a chazakaBais Hillel both halves assur (like the Taz)Michas Yaakov store is mutar; one at home is assur due to gezeira of shema yikach

Parush Mmaila - case threeRashba gezeira of shema yikach does not apply (based on Rabainnu Tam); Rosh is assurMechaber holds like the Rashba; Shach & Tax like the RoshSifsai Daas four explanations of Rabbainu Tam

1) Only that separated by action of Jew is assur2) Only animals are permitted, but not immobile objects3) Only cows wandered off on their own are mutar4) Only taaravos of Kodesh is assurNispazru KulamGra not allowed to intentionally disperse; Rosh allows if at onceRama mutar if none remain; Taz difference if Kodesh or not


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27 One was Eaten/Many Taaruvos 110:7-8 188-195

Talinun LkulaOne fell to the sea (can not be recovered), rest permitted; if can be retrieved, then notThis concept of Tolin only applies where mutar doraisa (like case 3)

Why works? Rosh safek sfaika; Rashba rabbanan made issur can make a kulaTur brings following heterim:

1. Neechal bshogeg Mechaber no gezeira and thus rest is mutarTaz & Shach gezeira shogeg atu maizid

2. Nafal maiatzmo lyamGezeirz shogeg atu maized; but if issur only known after thrown to sea, mutar

3. Fed to a dog; make a gereiraSifsai Daas Mechaber says parush stronger than sefek safeka to matir; Rama says opposite

Two by TwoAt worst puts the issur on one of the two pieces and other is mutar due to chazaka

One person: Rosh permits if eat 2 x 2 and not all at onceTur - assur for one person to eat all; Bais Yosef assur for 2 to eat all at same time

Rama understands Tur: 2 x2 not by one one person; may eat all but not at one time

One person All pieces At one timeRosh Yes Yes NoTur Yes No noRama No Yes noTaz Two canShach Yes Yes noMishbtvos Zahav Yes Yes yes

Second & Third TaaruvosRashba second taaruvos is mutarTosefos Third taaruvos is mutar; first two assur to eat all at once; third is mutar to eat all at

once; Rambam &, MachaberShach llike Tosefos; hefsed mrubeh permits second

Achairos BachairosKelai hakerem fell into mutar bundles into other bundlesRabbainu Tam permits second bundleR Yitchak second is assur

Mishbtzos Zahav if both first two taaruvos have majority of heter RY would permitsecond

Taz permits second bundle machmir lchatichila; Shach machmir bain hefsed mrubeh

DShLM Yesh Omrim does not permit; Rama should also argue by 2nd day of Yom Tov1. Today by calendar, only a minhag and can be maikil2. Yom Tov is a tzorach3. Rama by safek sfaika in the guf is mutar


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36rules of Safek Sfaika (Shach)1. One in guf and one in taaruvos, Mechaber & Rama do not do if doraisa2. If each safek in different object do not say3. Even if one of the two object mixed with others not batel4. If safek if egg from kosher or not, and then chickens mixed up, assur since chickens

are assur before egg was laid5. If question from safek traifa or kosher chicken, then mutar we do say6. If both sake traifa and kosher chicken laid eggs, assur since one is definitely assur7. Two kosher stores and one not kosher and one piece of meat, then mutar8. If more than one piece, assur9. Even if one of the pieces got mixed in other or feel in the sea, remaining piece assur10.If safek issur gets mixed up with rov heter, and one gets mixed with one other piece,

both assur11.If both hetairim are the same not called12.However, if one safek permits more than the other, then called13.Nehepack: reversing the Order Only valid if starting from either safek (side)14.No difference of safek if happened after shechita15.This din is only if there is no starting point; if no staring point then does not have to

be reversible16.Safek Drabanan: safek is mutar17.Even then not batel if a davar chashuv18.safek cheese of a non-Jew is assur, rabbis gave a din of doraisa19.If issur doraisa, but now drabbanan, still do not say dafek drabbanan lkula20.If a safe drabbanan has a chazaka of issur it is assur21.Issur drabbanan gets mixed up in one other piece it is assur22.If issur drabbanan gets mixed up with rov, if aino mino, 60 required to mevatel if nohefsed; however, if one got lost rest mutar without hefsed23.Issur drabanan is a davar chashu not batel even in 100024.Issur drabbanan that is a davar chashuv got mixed up in one other piece and one gets

mixed up in rov heter it is not batel25.same b issur doraisa26.All said by safek issur doraisa are assur even in hefsed mrubeh27.A safek sfeika that has a chazaka or issur is assur28.However, 3 seifaikos are mutar29.Chazaka must be on the issur that we are dealing with30.If safek is in the shechita it is assur31.Even got mixed up with other pieces, if davar chasuv not batel32.If 3 sfaikos, then mutar33.If one side of safek ismore probble than the other not called34.A sefek in knowledge is not a safek35.If either safek can be investigated, one should do so if there is no loss36.Dinin in sefek s;faika is complicated; thus one should not make one not mentioned

elsewhere


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29 Tolin 111:1-4 206-209

Dependency on AssumptionsRaah says the shani omer even less than rov is enough

Rashba by mikvah rov is required, but where we can say sheani omer half is enoughTolin assumes safe drabbanan lhakel; din is taaruvos is mutar

Three cases1) 2 kdairos 2 chatichos; worst case a) issur fell into a kadaira b) something fell into the

heter kadaira2) 1 kdaira 2 chatichos; a chaticha fell, but not certin is the issur fell3) 2 kdairos, one chaticha; issur for sure fell (Shach) thus, worst than second

not sure if anying fell into heter (Taz) better than second

Cases we do not say Tolin

1) Issur mashehu; gezeira, unless rov against issur2) Davar sheyaish lo matirin: can not be batel blocking tolin3) Issur doraisa; Bach we are tolin if 60 in one pot and not the other

Shach keli without 60 is assur4) More issur than heter machlokes in case two

Shach tolin even if greater than heiterTaz no differences in the three cases


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30 Two Kdairot of Heter 111:5-7 211-215

Figs with trumah pressed upon top of unknown barrelShani Shvilin two paths why difference?

Rambam case of barrels belong to one person or two people ask at onceIf two own barrels and not ask at same time, we can say tolin

Rashba only say sheani omer where do not require bitul; thus, if two ask even if nottogether both are assur

Mechaber holds like RabshaShach holds like RambamChabas Daas holds like Rashba

Taz infers contradiction here sum of two pots is enough, does not apply; earlier say sumhelps to mevtael

3 ways to solve1) Two people in our case (Taz rejects since make no difference if two or one)2) Two nefilos in two pots machmir; one falling and two pots makiil (Taz rejects)3) Taz if you combine both pots not enough to mvatel

Mitztarfin Lvatel HasafekMechaber needs 3 conditions1) Neitehr kdaira has 60 against the issur2) Kdairos must belong to one person3) Certain they will not be mixed in the future

Bach since chnn will not help to mix the potsTaz no chnn since do not know where issur is in the two pots


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INDEX

Kazayis 312-month old Kailim 1236 Rules of Safek Sfeika 29

60 or Kfaila 2A Fly in the Soup 22Above the Liquid 16Achairos Bachairos 28Ain Mvatlin Bissurai Drabbanan 8Ain Mvatlin Issur Lchatchila Mdoraisa or Midrabbanan 7Ain Machzikin 22Aino Ben Yomo 14Aino Mino in Davar Chashuv 25Aino Mino: The Gravy 3Asui lkalkail 12

Aver Min haChai 9Bria 9Bad Now Good Later 13Basar Shenisalem Min Haeyin 26Basar vchalav 14Bitul Brov has Chumras 22Bitul how works 24Bitul is Aino Nikar 15Blios in Kailim 19Chakira 7Cham Miktazso Cham Kulo 4Chametz 23Chasair Tikun 10Chazuza 11Cheese 10Chozeair VNiur 8Chzair vnesar 12Cnnn bKalim 4Cooking versus transferring taste 17Davar Gush 17Davar Sheyaish Lo Matarin 11

Defining Min Bmino 3Different between Shratzim & Shaar Issurim 15Eating Taarovos 24Efshar lsochato assur 6Eggs 9Eggs 25Eggs need 61 5Eishar Lsochato 21


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Gribbins: Fried Duck Fat 10Heitar Shamain into assur Kachush 18Huter Imi shneesar 12Innards 10Irui Kli Rishon 17

Issur after 60 5Issur bain taam 12Issur Davuk 21Issur Mvatel Issur 5Issur Machmas Atzmo 19Issur Shumain into heiter Kachush 19Issurai Drabbanan 24Issurim not batel even in 1000 9Jewish Taste Tester 2Kchal 4Kavuah Lmafraiah 26

Kavuah 26Kli Rishon on the fire 17Kli Shani 17Kli Shemishtamshin Bo Bshefa 8Kol Dparush Mrubah Parush 26Kol Kavush Kmechtza Al Mechtza Dumi 26Lach Lbach 21Leenas Lyla not used to cook in overnight 14Machmas Atzmo 12Many Pieces 20Maslat works here 2Mashehu 23Mashehu or Kaiful 24Measure 60 2Measurement inclusive of gravy 6Meat & Honey 13Min Bmino 3Min BMino Vaino Mino 3Min bsheaino mino 2Mitztarfin Lvatel Hasafek 32

Neder

Nikar kodem Bitul 12 Nimtza Pirush Lo Lfanainu 26 Nishpack: The Pot Boiled Over 3 Nispazru Kulam Nitzuk Chibur Not bar Not 13 Nodah / Lo Nodah 7 Nodeh


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Not experts Parush Mmaila 27Pirush lfanainu 26Pirush Lfanainu 26Reinu and lo reinu 6

Rov of 60 24Safek Kavush 16Safek Traifah 11Second & Third Taaruvos 28Shaiva: Drawing Power 23Shamain 16Shema Yikach 27Shogeg Ato Maizid 7Sticks and Stones 6Story of the Butcher 27Strength of Melicha 20

Taah Bdin 7Taaruvos Chatichos 27Taam KIkar 3Talinun Lkula 28Taste Test (Issur bheitera) where a non-Jew is believed 2Tata Gavar 17,20The Kli: How much does it absorb? 16The Unknown: Not Always a Safek 3Tolin 31Tongue Tasting 2Two by Two 28Unintentional Mvatlin 7Unintentional Mvatlin 7Vinegar and Tzir 16Whatever is Possible to Mtakain We Must MTakain 4When Bitul Applies 13Wiskey 15Worms 15Zroah Bishaila 6Ze Aytzel Ze 17

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