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This is where we left off last week. The PGF moves air from High to Low pressure. The Coriolis Force turns the moving air to the right (in the N. Hemisphere)
Winds go around the Highs and Lows in circles. But this leaves out an important element: Friction.
Friction slows the air, thus reducing the Coriolis deflection, causing air to spiral inward toward lows while still spinning counter-clockwise.
Air spirals out of Highs clockwise.
Here is today’s 9Z map. Does the air spiral into the Low over Lake Michigan? Is it counter-clockwise? How about the Highs?
As we learned last week, we label all weather maps with the Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). This is also called Zulu time, Z for short. Eastern Standard Time is 5 hours behind GMT.
Isobars help to show the pressure gradient. This map is obviously not for today.
Cold and dry air. Where did it come from?
The atmosphere has discrete areas of air with homogeneous characteristics. These are called air masses.
There are places which are very cold, ones which are very warm, with large gradients in between the air masses.
Fronts in meteorology were based on the battle fronts of World War I
The frontal theory was proposed by Vilhelm Bjerknes
To see this maps and others for World War I, go to http://www.historyonthenet.com/WW1/westernfront.htm
French infantry
The German uniform of WWI
Trenches at the front
To see these and more pictures, go to www.richthofen.com/ww1sum/
Fronts come in two basic types: Cold fronts and Warm fronts
In the cold front, the cold air mass is advancing
In the warm front, the warm air mass is advancing
The fronts intersect the Cyclones which have centers of Low pressure.
Vilhelm Bjerknes, who proposed the frontal model, extended it to extratropical cyclones.
You can use the Norwegian model to make forecasts
Remember, here’s the typical weather in relation to the fronts
This is an actual forecast, known as a surface “prog”
How about tomorrow morning? Based on the Norwegian model, what should happen after that, say on Wednesday?