HIGHFIELD HISTORY GCSE WORKBOOK RUSSIA DEPTH STUDY: Russia in Revolution 1917-1924 BIG Question: How...
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HIGHFIELD HISTORY GCSE WORKBOOK RUSSIA DEPTH STUDY: Russia in Revolution 1917-1924 BIG Question: How did the Bolsheviks manage to maintain control of Russia?
HIGHFIELD HISTORY GCSE WORKBOOK RUSSIA DEPTH STUDY: Russia in
Revolution 1917-1924 BIG Question: How did the Bolsheviks manage to
maintain control of Russia? (GRADE C Booklet) Revolutions are
always verbose. Leon Trotsky (1879-1940)
Slide 2
2 RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924OUTLINE OF LEARNING TitleLesson
ObjectivesHomework I April to October 1917 Recall the April Thesis
Explain the reasons for the collapse of the Provisional Government
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk II The Bolshevik Revolution Describe
the events of October 1917 Explain why the Bolsheviks exaggerated
the storming of the Winter Palace III The Russian Civil War Explain
why there were divisions in Russia after the Revolution Explain the
purpose of a political cartoon Civil War cartoon question IV War
Communism Explain why War Communism was used Judge the success of
War Communism V The role of Trotsky Describe Trotskys Civil War
career Judge the reliability of a written source VI The end of the
Romanovs Recall the events surrounding the deaths of the Romanov
family Explain why the Romanovs were assassinated Revision VII The
NEP Describe the NEP Compare the NEP with Communism VIII The death
of Lenin Evaluate the impact of Lenins death on Communism Explain
what Lenin had wanted for the future of the USSR
Slide 3
3 KEY WORDMEANING RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924GLOSSARY
Slide 4
4 RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924 Vladimir Lenin (political
leader of the Bolshevik Party) Throughout 1917, how popular were
the Bolsheviks the Soviet MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT What was
the April Thesis? What were the July Days? What was the Kornilov
Affair in August?
Slide 5
5 RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924 Alexander Kerensky (leader of
the Provisional Government) The Provisional Government The Tsar and
his family MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEP When did the popularity of
these groups change? Can you identify why these groups became more
or less popular? who or what do you think was to blame for the
failings of the Provisional Government?
Slide 6
6 RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924 General Peter Wrangel went to
St. Petersburg after the February Revolution and the creation of
the Provisional Government. The first thing I noticed in Petersburg
was lots of red ribbon. Everyone was wearing them - soldiers,
students, chauffeurs, cab-drivers, middle-class folk, women,
children, and many officers. Men of some wealth and power as well,
including old generals and former aides to the Tsar, wore it too. I
expressed my astonishment to an old comrade of mine at seeing him
also wearing one. He tried to laugh it off, and said jokingly:
"Why, my dear fellow, don't you know that it's the latest fashion?
I considered this ridiculous ribbon absolutely useless. Throughout
my stay in the capital I wore the Tsarevich's badge, the
distinguishing mark of my old regiment, on my epaulettes, and, of
course, I wore no red rag. Edward T. Heald, letter to his wife (2nd
May, 1917) The sudden burst of Bolshevik propaganda, which has
developed during the past week, is made by Lenin who has just
arrived from Switzerland. He came through Germany, and rumour is
that he was looked after by Emperor Wilhelm (the German leader). As
he entered the country through Finland, he assaulted the soldiers
and workingmen along the way with the most revolutionary
propaganda. One of the Americans who came through on the same train
told us how disheartening it was. God knows what a task the
Provisional Government has on hand without adding the trouble that
Lenin can create. Soon after the February Revolution the journalist
Harold Williams interviewed Alexander Kerensky. Last week's
ridiculous April Thesis, issued in the name of the Council of
Workmen's Deputies (the Soviet), calling on the soldiers not to
obey their officers, Kerensky (leader of the Provisional
Government) sharply characterized as an act of provocation. There
had been a few instances of grave disturbance of discipline, but
the Minister was confident that this phase would soon pass. He
declared: "The general effect of the freedom will, I am convinced,
be to give an immense boost to morale in the army, and so to
shorten the war. After meeting George Lvov, the British diplomat,
George Buchanan, sent a report on their discussions to the Foreign
Office (8th April, 1917) Lvov (in the Provisional Government) does
not favour the idea of taking strong measures at present, either
against the Soviet or the Bolsheviks. I told him that the
Provisional Government would never be in charge of the situation as
long as they allowed themselves to be told what to do by the
Soviet, he said that the Soviet would die a natural death, and the
army will then carry on fighting in the war against Germany<
even better than they did under the Tsar.
Slide 7
7 RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924 Albert Rhys Williams described
the arrival of troops to put down the Bolshevik uprising in July,
1917, in his book, Through the Russian Revolution. On the third day
the troops arrive. Bicycle battalions, the reserve regiments, and
then the long grim lines of horsemen, the sun glancing on the tips
of their lances. They are the Cossacks, ancient foes of the
revolutionists, bring dread to the workers and the joy to the
middle class. The avenues are filled now with middle-class crowds
cheering the Cossacks, crying "Shoot the rabble". "String up the
Bolsheviks". A wave of reaction runs through the city. The
Bolshevik papers are closed down. Fake documents saying that the
Bolsheviks are German agents are handled to the journalists.
Leaders like Trotsky are thrown into prison. Lenin is forced to
flee, everywhere there are assaults and murder of working class
men. During the summer of 1917 George Buchanan became concerned
about the survival of the Provisional Government. Ministers of the
Provisional Government are working themselves to death, and have
the best intentions; but, though I am always being told that their
position is becoming stronger, I see no signs of their asserting
their authority. The Soviet continues to act as if it were the
Government. The military outlook is most discouraging. Nor do I
take an optimistic view of the immediate future of the country.
Harold Williams, Daily Chronicle (29th September, 1917) The
Kornilov Affair has intensified mutual distrust and completed the
work of destruction. The Government is shadowy and unreal. The
power now lies in the hands of the Soviets, and therefore the
influence of the Bolsheviks has increased enormously. Kerensky has
returned from Headquarters, but his prestige has declined, and he
is not actively supported either by the right or by the left.
Arthur Ransome was in Russia during the October Revolution. Before
the end of August it was obvious that there would be a Bolshevik
majority in the Soviets. During the 'July Days' the weakness of the
Government had been obvious. Kerensky had been weakened by the
double failure, military and diplomatic and defeats in the War.
Both these failures had brought new strength to the Bolsheviks, and
a swing to the left wing was inevitable. TOP TIP for a C Grade All
of the sources are in order of when they happened. Can you work out
who likes and who dislikes the Provisional Government?
Slide 8
8 RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924 The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk,
March 1918 Russia fought against Germany during World War I.
However, in February 1918 Russia surrendered to Germany. The
Russian army had collapsed and the Russians were forced to sign a
peace treaty against their will. Below are three sources about the
Brest-Litovsk Treaty of March 1918. (A treaty is a peace agreement
between countries.) Source A: A map of Russia. The shaded area
shows the amount of land they were forced to hand over to Germany.
Source B: Russias losses in numbers. This was what Russia had to
hand over to Germany under the terms of the treaty: 34% of its
population 32% of its agricultural (farming) land 54% of its
industry (manufacturing) 26% of its railways 89% of its coalmines A
fine of 300 million gold roubles Source C: The diary entry of a
German army officer named Herbert Sulzbach from the 3rd March 1918.
The final peace treaty has been signed with Russia. Our conditions
are hard and severe, but our quite exceptional victories entitle us
to demand these...there is still some justice left. [in the
world].
Slide 9
9 RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924 3rd March 1918 Medal Positive
Comment ATL Mission Way to Improve Student Comment What will you do
next time? Activity: Imagine your are a Russian politician at the
signing of the Brest Litovsk Treaty. Write your own diary entry for
the 3rd March 1918. In it include The key terms of the Treaty How
you would feel about it (Upset? Angry?)
Slide 10
10 RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924 Describe the events of the
Bolshevik Revolution of November 1917 What did the Krondstadt
sailors do? What did the Red Guard do? What did the Womens Death
Battalion do? Describe the events of the Bolshevik Revolution
according to the film Oktyabr by Eisenstein (1927) Explain why
there are such differences between these two versions
Slide 11
11 RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924 Who were the Reds and the
Whites? Why were they fighting? What happened in the Russian Civil
War? Why did the Reds win? Why did the Whites lose? SOURCE QUESTION
OPPOSITE - Why was this cartoon produced? What is the message of
this cartoon?
Slide 12
12 RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924 What can you see in the
cartoon? What inferences can you make about the cartoon? What is
the message of this cartoon? Medal Positive Comment Mission Way to
Improve Student Comment What will you do next time? A cartoon
published in 1919. The figures at the back represent foreign
governments (The USA, France and Britain) and the dogs represent
the White Russian generals.
Slide 13
13 RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924 What can you see in the
cartoon? What is the message of this cartoon? What inferences can
you make about the cartoon?
Slide 14
14 RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924 What is the message of this
cartoon? Medal Positive Comment / 7 Mission Way to Improve ATL
Student Comment What will you do next time?
Slide 15
15 RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924 What was War Communism? Why
did the Reds use War Communism? Weigh up the relative success of
War Communism for the Reds? SOURCE A In the villages, peasants will
not give grain to the Bolsheviks because they hate them. Armed
companies are sent to take grain from the peasants and every day,
all over Russia, fights for grain are fought to a finish. Comments
made by a British businessman in Russia in 1918. SOURCE B Explain
which of these sources you believe to be a more fair summary of War
Communism?
Slide 16
16 RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924 Who was Trotsky and what was
his role with the Bolsheviks? What does this cartoon suggest about
the character of Trotsky? This anti-Bolshevik propaganda poster,
dated to the Russian Civil War (1919), shows Leon Trotsky as a
devil. Elements of the imagery reveal anti-Semitism (a popular
anti-communist tactic was to overplay the role of Jews in the
Russian Bolshevik Revolution). Trotsky is being aided by Chinese
soldiers, many of whom fought alongside the Bolsheviks (Reds) in
the Russian Civil War. The White Army's message reads "Peace and
Freedom in Sovdepiya.
Slide 17
17 RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924 Trotsky paid a visit to the
front lines. He made a speech. We were all lifted by his energy.
The situation, which had been disastrous 24 hours earlier, was
improved by his coming as though by a miracle. Comments of a Red
Army soldier about Trotskys visit to the front line. What makes
this source reliable? What makes this source unreliable? How far
does this source explain the success of the Bolsheviks during the
Civil War? HOW FAR DOES THIS EXPLAIN? WHAT DOES THE SOURCE SUGGEST?
(QUOTE FROM IT) ADD YOUR OWN KNOWLEDGE WHAT DOES IT NOT SAY? In
your own words How important was Trotsky to the success of the Reds
during the Civil War?
Slide 18
18 RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924 When the detachment came in,
the commandant [Yurovsky] told the Romanovs that in light of the
fact that their relatives in Europe were continuing their
aggression against Soviet Russia, the Ural [local] Executive
Committee had decreed that they were to be shot. Nicholas turned
his back to the detachment, his face toward his family, then, as
though collecting himself, turned to the commandant with the
question: "What? What?" The commandant hurriedly repeated his
statement and ordered the detachment to get ready. Nicholas, again
turning to the family said nothing more; the others made a few
incoherent exclamations; this all lasted a few seconds. Then the
shooting started; lasted for two to three minutes. Nicholas was
killed on the spot by the commandant himself. Carole Bos (2003)
"Nicholas and Alexandra Why did the Reds decide to have the royal
family murdered? Describe the events surrounding the deaths of the
Romanov family? Was it a clever move on behalf of the Reds? Who
died? Where Who killed? What happened?
Slide 19
19 RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924 Our poverty and ruin are so
great that we cannot at one stroke restore large-scale socialist
production. We must try to satisfy the demands of the peasants who
are dissatisfied and discontented. There must be some freedom to
trade and freedom for the small private owner. We are now
retreating, but we are doing this so we can run and leap forward
more vigorously. Lenin introducing the New Economic Policy at the
Party Congress, 1921. Pick out the key words in this statement what
is NOT Communist about this? Industrial output in millions of
tonnes/kilowatts 1913 1921 Coal299 Oil9.23.8 Iron4.20.1 Steel4.30.2
Sugar1.30.05 Electricity2039520 What was the N.E.P. and why do you
think Lenin introduced it? Who were the Kulaks and the NEPmen? Why
might some Communists have thought Lenin was a traitor to their
cause?