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København, 30 June 09
The emergence of regions:The spreading of knowledge.
FRANCESC-XAVIER GRAU VIDAL
Higher Education at a Time of CrisisCBS- OECD
WORLD 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
GDP growth (annual %) 3.8 1.9 -2.9 2.0 3.2
GDP growth (annual %)
-4,0
-3,0
-2,0
-1,0
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
GDP growth (annual %)
A global crisis…
Average, per country?
average
Source: World Bank
…with similar general trends…
Real GDP growth
Source: National Statistics Institute (INE)
Economic growth in Spain has been very high in recent
years but heavily dependent on the construction industry.
...but with differences between countries
1982 1995 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
2009
(Prev)
Denmark 3,7 3,1 0,4 2,3 2,4 3,3 1,6 -1,1 -3,3
Finland 3 3,9 1,8 3,7 2,8 4,9 4,5 0,9 -4,7
France 2,4 2,1 1,1 2,5 1,9 2,2 2,2 0,4 -3
Germany -0,4 1,9 -0,2 1,2 0,8 3 2,5 1,3 -5,4
Spain 1,2 2,8 3,1 3,3 3,6 3,9 3,7 1,2 -3,2
United States -2 2,5 2,5 3,6 2,9 2,8 2 1,1 -2,9
Euro area .. .. 0,8 2,1 1,7 2,9 2,6 0,7 -4
EU27 total .. .. 1,3 2,5 2 3,1 2,9 0,9 -4
OECD total - 2,5 2 3,2 2,6 3,1 2,6
China 9,1 10,9 10 10,1 10,4 11,6 11,9
Real GDP growthAnnual growth in percentage
Source: OECD, 2008 and 2009 Eurostat
Spain: a strong increase in unemployment rate,
much higher than that of other western economies
...not only in GPD
1982 1985 1995 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
2009
(1T)
Denmark 7.8 | 6,6 6,8 5,4 5,5 4,8 3,9 3,8 4,1 5,1
Finland 6,1 6 15,1 9,1 8,9 8,4 7,7 6,9 6,8 7,6
France 8.0 | 9,6 11 9 9,3 9,3 9,2 8,3 8,3 8,8
Germany .. .. 8 9,3 9,8 10,6 9,8 8,4 7,2 7,6
Spain 13.0 | 17,8 18,4 11,1 10,6 9,2 8,5 8,3 14,7 17,3
United States 9,7 7,2 5,6 6 5,5 5,1 4,6 4,6 7,2 8,5
EU27 total .. .. .. 9 9 8,9 8,2 7,1 7,6 8,4
OECD total .. .. 7,2 7,1 6,9 6,7 6,1 5,6
Unemployment rates: totalAs a percentage of civilian labour force
Source: OECD, 2008 and 2009 Eurostat
What about R&D?
1981 1991 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Denmark 1,04 1,61 2,39 2,51 2,58 2,48 2,45 2,46
Finland 1.16 | 2.00 | 3,3 3,36 3,43 3,45 3,48 3,45
France 1.90 | 2,32 2,2 2,23 2,17 2.15 | 2,1 2,1
Germany 1
2,35 2.47 | 2,46 2,49 2,52 2,49 2,48 2,54
Spain 0,4 0,82 0,91 0,99 1,05 1,06 1,12 1,2
United States 6
2,34 2,71 2,76 2,66 2,66 2,59 2,62 2,66
EU27 total .. .. 1,76 1,77 1,76 1,73 1,74 1,77
OECD total 1,91 2.18 | 2,25 2,22 2,22 2,19 2,23 2,26
China 8
.. 0,73 0,95 1,07 1,13 1,23 1,33 1,42
Source: OECD
Gross domestic expenditure on R&DAs a percentage of GDP
Spain: relatively low R&D/GDP long way to go
Moving towards the Lisbon objective …3%....
...but too slowly…
R&D/GDP
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Catalonia
Spain
Source: National Statistics Institute (INE)
Towards a knowledge-based economy
What strategy to follow?
Initial conditions for the emergence of RoK
The university of a NUTS 3 region
with some strengths:
Initial conditions for the emergence of a RoK
•10,7 % population
•19,6 % land
•10,1 % GDP
•19,1 % Cultural heritage
•50 % Chemical industry
•91 % Energy production
•25 % Tourist activity
•50% Wine D.O.
Related to
Catalonia
•Ebro’s delta, Tarragona’s Harbour, Reus Airport, Tarraco World Heritage, …
• KE emphasizes the importance of place, proximity.
• Regional strengths; tacit knowledge flows.
• Regionalization and globalization are complementary.
• Regions: gateways to globality.
• The base of success: cooperation of the triple helix.
• The addition of the citizen: quadruple helix.
The emergence of knowledge regions
The emergence of knowledge regions
An economic development based on science that requires:
1. Solid knowledge structures
2. Impulse from the administration
3. Inter-relation with the region
The emergence of knowledge regions
- In teaching
Strategic Plan for Teaching
- In research
Strategic Plan for Research
- In knowledge and technology transfer
Strategic Plan for the Third Mission and Internationalization
1. Requires solid knowledge structures
URV’s research model
Without good research, there are no good universities
Mikel Buesa Joost Heijs
Omar Kahwash
Instituto de Análisis Industrial y Financiero (IAIF) de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
URV Research Quality
Overall Quality index – Spanish Universities.
(Multidimensional Index)
URV’s research model
Strategic Plan for the Third Mission and Internationalization
Cultural extension: to promote science and humanism as essentials to the development of society.
Social and cooperative activity: to promote social actions based on volunteers activity and the cooperation to development, both at local and international level.
Internationalization of the region through the internationalization of the teaching, research and transfer of knowledge activity of the university.
Socio-economical and regional governance: to collaborate in the realization of regional development projects.
Transfer of knowledge and technology, the more direct instrument to the construction of a knowledge-based economy.
Five axes:
- In teaching
Strategic Plan for Teaching
- In research
Strategic Plan for Research
- In knowledge and technology transfer
Strategic Plan for the Third Mission
A. IDENTIFICATION OF STRATEGIC ECONOMIC SECTORS
B. SUPPORT FOR THE REST OF INDUSTRY
1.Requires solid knowledge structures
A. IDENTIFICATION OF STRATEGIC ECONOMIC SECTORS
A. IDENTIFICATION OF STRATEGIC ECONOMIC SECTORS
A. IDENTIFICATION OF STRATEGIC ECONOMIC SECTORS
- In teaching
Strategic Plan for Teaching
- In research
Strategic Plan for Research
- In knowledge and technology transfer
Strategic Plan for the Third Mission
A. IDENTIFICATION OF STRATEGIC ECONOMIC SECTORS
B. SUPPORT FOR THE REST OF INDUSTRY
1.Requires solid knowledge structures
B. SUPPORT FOR THE REST OF INDUSTRY
Tarragona Region of Knowledge Office
B. SUPPORT FOR THE REST OF INDUSTRY
An economic development based on science that requires:
1. Solid knowledge structures
2. Impulse from the administration
3. Inter-relation with the region
2. Requires impulse from the administration
t
An economic development based on science that requires:
1. Solid knowledge structures
2. Impetus from the administration
3. Inter-relation with the region:
a. Territorial reality
b. Joint strategic planning with regional economic agents
c. Analysis of territorial economic impact
d. Territorial implication down to the local level
b. Joint strategic planning with regional economic agents
Socioeconomic Committee
Unions: UGT, CCOO and Unió de Pagesos
Employers Associations: Foment del Treball (CEPTA) and PIMEC (SMEs)
Chambers of Commerce: Tarragona, Reus and Valls
Port of Tarragona
University Rovira i Virgili
3. Requires inter-relation with the region
c. Analysis of territorial economic impact
3. Requires inter-relation with the region
d. Territorial implication down to the local level
3. Requires inter-relation with the region
...but necessary if we want the world average to be also the average of our region
Sufficient? Probably not ...
GDP growth (annual %)
-4,0
-3,0
-2,0
-1,0
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
GDP growth (annual %)
Challenge for all regions /
countries
