High Temperature Superconducting Solenoid Punch

Our Mission

Make an actuator using BSSCO 2223 HTS tape from American Superconductor

What is an actuator?

MEMX High Performance Steerable MicroMirrors

http://www.memx.com/products.htm

A device that converts between mechanical energy and A device that converts between mechanical energy and other formsother forms

Copper solenoidshttp://www.magnet-schultz.com/msafront2.jpg

Permanent magnet levitating over a superconductor

http://helium.ee.tut.fi/supraryhma/images/korkealla.jpg

What is a superconductor?

A material that conducts without resistanceA material that conducts without resistance Impenetrable by external magnetic fields (up Impenetrable by external magnetic fields (up

to a point)to a point) Two types: Type I and Type IITwo types: Type I and Type II Examples:Examples:

YBCO: Yttrium barium copper oxideYBCO: Yttrium barium copper oxide BSSCO 2212, 2223: (Bi,Pb)BSSCO 2212, 2223: (Bi,Pb)22SrSr22CaCa11CuCu22OOx, x,

(Bi,Pb)(Bi,Pb)22SrSr22CaCa22CuCu33OOxx

BSSCO 2223Structure

BSSCO 2223 Unit Cellhttp://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/uploads/approved/adt-NWU20030305.113225/public/02Whole.pdf

Our HTS Tape

American Superconductor

BSSCO 2223

4 mm (W) x 0.21 mm (T)

Up to ~108 A

Critical temperature (TC) of 110 K

BSSCO 2223 Processing

BSSCO 2223: IC vs. H

Current vs. Bending Diameter

Actuator Choice

Persistent actuator? Can’t make superconducting junction

Core choice Magnetostrictive Hard magnet Soft magnet

Coil Radius Setup

Radius Measurements 2.5" Diameter Loop

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Current (A)

Vo

ltag

e (

mV

)

The Apparatus

Field Calculations

-6 -4 -2 2 4 6

0.105

0.11

0.115

0.12

0.125

Magnetic field (tesla, cm)

Force

Magnetization of Fe: 334225 A/m

dxBMAdF

-10 -5 5 10

-75

-50

-25

25

50

75

Force (N, cm)

Apparatus Fabrication

Solenoid Assembly

Assembled Solenoid

Testing: Magnetic Field

Testing: Magnetic GradientField vs. Position

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 1 2 3 4 5Axial position (in.)

Fie

ld (

Oer

sted

)

Field Measurement Field derivative

1 amp, room temperature

Self-Field Tests

Self-Field TestsMaximum Magnetic Field vs. Current

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Current (A)

Ko

ers

ted

Current TestsCritical Current for Solenoid

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Current (A)

Vo

ltag

e (m

V)

Load Cell Setup

Force

Force vs. Displacement

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Position (in.)

Fo

rce

(N

)

Supercool

Conclusions

Copper solenoid (1.5” x 2.4”) outperforms our actuator (force), even at room temperature

Energy Density

Energy density of Supercool solenoid: 17400 J/m3

7.0 cm outer diameter 3.36 J of total energy

Energy density of 1.5” x 2.4” Cu solenoid: 16100 J/m3

Further Considerations

Commercial tape: > 135 A Colder temperature YBCO 2nd generation tape

~ 7 T at 77K

Acknowledgements

Professor Chiang Professor Vander Sande Yin-Lin Xie David Bono Ken Stone Ed Moriarty Leslie Bromberg 3.082 staff

References

YBCO second generation tape: http://www.amsuper.com/html/products/library/2g_white_paper_-_march_2004.pdf

Montgomery, D. Bruce. Solenoid Magnet Design: The Magnetic and Mechanical Aspects of Resistive and Superconducting Systems. Wiley-Interscience, New York. 1969.

Magnet-Schultz commercial Cu solenoid:http://magnet-schultz.com/newRTP24X19INT.htm