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Conclusion
High-rise Building
Micro-hydro Pumped-storage and PV Micro-grid Proposal
with Shanghai Jinmao Tower as a Case Study
Jianmin Zhang1, Qianzhi Zhang2
1 Hangzhou Dianzhi University, Hangzhou, China; 2. Schl. of Elect., Comput., and Energy Engi., Arizona State University, USA
Electrical load is centralized in city, especial
in high-rise building which not only has PV
or Wind generation resource but also has a
ignored great gravity potential. The
building above 50 meters are everywhere in
city, there are 17383 buildings above 90
meters in the world. Water is also a
necessary resource that city should have;
water storages in the roof, or water bodies in
waist, and water tanks underground of a
building or a building group, are not difficult
to build them, in fact, water systems
including pump system have already been
implemented in those buildings for water
drink, sanitation, swim pool, fire control,
water drain, etc. The hydro pumping storage
will only add some new spaces, weight-
bearings, new mini hydro pumping systems,
etc. A micro-grid development scheme of
mini-hydro pumping with PV or others is
surveyed and it seems feasible from
technical as well as economic point of view.
•Prof. Jianmin Zhang, Col.of Automation,
Hangzhou Dianzi Univ., Hangzhou 310018
China, [email protected]
•Mr. Qianzhi Zhang, Research Assistant,
MSEE , Schl. of Elect., Comput., and Energy
Engi., Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ 85287-
5706, USA [email protected]
US Standard: ASCE-2005 Minimum Design Loads for
Buildings and Other Structures promenade purposes ： 2.87 kN/m2
Roofs used for roof gardens or assembly purposes 4.79 kN/m2
China Standard: GB 50009-2012 Load code for the
design of building structures promenade purposes ： 2.0 kN/m2
Roofs used for roof gardens or sport purposes ：3.0 kN/m2
High Rise Building Resources in the World
Introduction
Top 20 City Rank of Number of Building over 90 m
Top 20 High Rise Building in the World
Top Water Tank & Bottom Water Tank & Pumping for
General High Rise Buildings Blvd Parameters:
Height:420.5m
Section Area:
100m*100m
Electrical Parameters (Top Reliability):
Volt: 35kV/6.3kV/380/220V
Incoming: 2*35kV Independent Lines
Main Transformers: 4*10MVA
Static Load:10MVA, so 3 Transf backup
Emer.Standby Gen: 6*1094 kW Oil
Parameters of Shanghai Jinmao Building
Present Shanghai Electricity Price Table
Contact information
Feasibility & Optimization Software
Photovoltaic+ Pumped-hydro Storage + Sensitive Load Isolated Operation Mode
•The survey of high rise building in the world for using its ignored potential resource •The discovery of such scheme in its grid-tied operation as well as isolated operation •The discovery of its technical solution as well economic evaluation •Shanghai Jinmao case study shows its great return for tied into bulk grid as well as its backup capacity for emergence source and isolation operation as micro-grid
2014 Symposium on Microgrids
Tianjin, China, Nov. 13-14, 2014
PV GenerationR(t),T(t)
ConvertorηI
Ppv(t)
AC-MOTOR-PUMP
Pp(t)
Roof Water TankZ1(t));Area1,ZH1(t)
Qu(t)
Down Water TankZ2(t);Area2,ZH2(t)
Mini Hydro
水 水
Qd(t)
Switch Box Ph(t)=9.81*Qd(t)*ηg*(Z1(t)-Z2(t))
Ps(t)
PumpingControl
Local Load
Grid connected Switch
Roof Tank Water Level Measure.
Pgd(t)LoLD(t)
Hydro Valve Control
0.4kV Distribution Grid
Insolation R and PV
temperature T Measurement
AC-MOTOR
PUMP Turbine Generatorηg
Controller
GenerationControl
Local Load Measurement
Grid connection control
Precipitation Measurement
RA(t)
SunshineR(t)
Rain cloudsRA(t)
DC
AC system
DCsystem
Mechanical
Electric Control
Down Tank Water LevelMeasurement
Lift Head=Waterhead
=Z1(t)-Z2(t)
Z1(t+1)=Z1(t)+Qu(t)*Δt/Area1+RA(t)*Area1;ZH(t)=Z(t)-Z10ZH(t)<=Heigh1
Z2(t+1)=Z2(t)+Qd(t)*Δt/Area2;ZH2(t)=Z2(t)-Z20ZH2(t)<=Heigh2
Watersystem
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 5500
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
Meter
kW
Max HydrFw/PumpFw vs. Height of Bld
Max HydrFw vs. Height of Bld
PumpFw vs. Height of Bld
A 50m*50m*3m Water Tank on Roof, how much power
can generated and how much power needs for pump?
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Numbers of Blvd above 90m of Country over 100 Blvds （World
total 17383）
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Numbers of Blvd above 90m of top 20 Cities
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Height, No.1: 828m, No.20 : 385m
Wooden New York roof top tanks
(1)water for domestic purposes
(2) fire-fighting. (3) Pump: If water level in the tank drops
below a certain level, the float switch
engages the pump, refilling the tank.
Roof Live Loads Standard (USA, China)
Valley 22pm – 5am ：0.273；
Ave 6-7, 11-12am/15-17, 21pm ：0.719；
Peak 8-10 am/13-14, 18-20pm ：1.202,
Turbine efficiency ：0.9；Generator efficiency ：0.92
Pump efficiency ：0.8； Global Efficiency ：0.6624.
Turbine/Pipe/Generator/Pump Efficiency
Hydro-Pump Parameters Optimal Selection for grid-tied operation under weight bearing of roof
garden standard
Shanghai Electricity Price
TopTankWaterLevel: s420.05m, e420.0m
BotTankWaterLevel: s1.95m, e1.9818m
Generation.Curve vs Pump Curve
Power Gen:7783 kWh, Pump:12002 kWh
Roof Garden Burden: Typical Operation Mode , 3 turns of pump-generating (40*40*2 TopTank)
Gen.Return vs Pump Paid: Net Return 2797 RMB
Gen.Flow vs. Pump Flow: Max Flow:0.7m3/s
Hydro capacity:2400kW，37% of the standby oil gen.sets；
Pump capacity:3600 kW. Total investment: 40.00k ￥
Daily return: 2800 ￥, Annual 10.22k ￥, 4 Years return.
a very good investment.
Economic Evaluation for Roof Garden Burden ( 40*40*2 TopTank)
Results for weight bearing over the garden standard
under Top Water Tank bottom section in 50m*50m
4. Energy
Efficiency
from pump to
generation vs.
Top tank
height vs. Max
flow
2. Max hydro
power vs. Top
tank height vs.
Max flow
3. Max hydro
power vs. Top
tank height vs.
Max flow
1、Daily
Return vs.Top
tank height vs
Max flow
Case Study:
Shanghai
Jinmao
Building,
420.5 m
New York City
Vancouver, B.C
Hong Kong
PV Curve: Total Gen. 4470 kWh
Pump Power Curve: Total. 2951.72kWh Hydro Power Curve: Total Gen. 1988.46 kWh
Hydro+PV Curve: Total Gen. 6458.46kWh
Sens.Load Curve: Total 3730 kWh
Pump+Load Curve: Total. 6681.72kWh
Mismatch : Shortage of Power Supply: 223.26 kWh, 5%
