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Ozone 30-day running average daily maximaat Stará Lesná 1991 - 2000
020406080
100120140160180
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
time [years]
Con
c [ ¬
g/m
3 ]
ObsCAMx 10x10CAMx 50x50
Halenka T.Halenka T.11, Huszar P., Huszar P.11, Belda M., Belda M.11, Krueger B., Krueger B.22, Zanis P., Zanis P.33, Katragkou E., Katragkou E.44, Tegoulias I., Tegoulias I.33, Melas D., Melas D.44
1Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic 2Institute of Meteorology and Physics, University of Agricultural Sciences,Vienna, Austria
3Dept. of Meteorology-Climatology, School of Geology, AUTH, Thessaloniki,Greece4Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, School of Physics, AUTH, Thessaloniki, Greece
E-mail: [email protected] studies show considerable effect of atmospheric chemistry and aerosols on climate on regional and local scale. For the purpose of qualifying and quantifying the magnitude of climate forcing due to atmospheric chemistry/aerosols on regional scale, the development of coupling of regional climate model and chemistry/aerosol model has been started on the Department of Meteorology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague. For this coupling, existing regional climate model and chemistry transport model are used. Climate is calculated using model RegCM while chemistry is solved by model CAMx. Meteorological fields generated by RegCM drive CAMx, transport a dry/wet deposition. A preprocessor utility was developed on the department for transforming RegCM provided fields to CAMx input fields and format. As the first step, the distribution of pollutants can be simulated for long period in the model couple. There is critical issue of the emission inventories available. The next step is the inclusion of the radiative active agents from CAMx into RegCM radiative transfer scheme to calculate the changes of heating rates. Only the modification of radiative transfer due to atmospheric chemistry/aerosols will be taken into account first, the indirect effect of aerosols will be taken into account later, there are still many uncertainties in understanding of this issue and possibility of inclusion of appropriate processes into the model. Monthly and yearly coupled climate/chemistry/aerosol model runs are scheduled in framework of ongoing projects. Here, the results of high resolution run nested into low resolution domain is presented. Modeled hourly and daily means of ozone concentration were evaluated against station measurements. The period of model run is year 2000.All the work is done in the framework of EC FP6 CECILIA Project, Work Package 7:”Climate change impacts on air quality and health” in accordance with its objectives:
Exploitation of the sensitivity of air-pollution levels to potential climate change based on data analysis of long simulations of offline chemistry air quality models (AQM) driven by Regional Climate Models (RCMs) for present climate and for future projections.Comparison of air-pollution levels simulated by online and offline regional air-quality models during certain episodes of the present climate.Estimation of the key species exceedances of the EU limits for the protection of human health, vegetation and ecosystems as well as WHO guidelines for present climate and for future projections.
AcknowledgementAcknowledgementThis work is supported in framework of EC FP6 Project CECILIA (GOCE 037005) as well as partially EC FP6 IP QUANTIFY (GOCE 003893) and under support of the local grant of Programme Informacni spolecnost, No. 1ET400300414 and Research Plan of MSMT under No. MSM 0021620860. Authors wish to express their thanks to ICTP for RegCM and Environ for CAMx made available as well as NCEP for boundary conditions available and EMEP for the emissions.
Eulerian photochemical dispersion model
Capabilities: driving meteorological models – MM5, WRF, RAMS, CALMETemission inputs from many emissions processors – SMOKE, CONCEPT, EPSTwo-way grid nestingMultiple gas phase chemistry mechanism options (CB-IV, SAPRC99)Multi-sectional or static two-mode particle size treatmentsWet deposition of gases and particlesPlume-in-grid (PiG) module for sub-grid treatment of selected point sourcesOzone and Particulate Source Apportionment Technology
CAMx CAMx
Models Models
Emission processingEmission processing
One-way coupling: RegCM drives CAMx's transport and dry/wet deposition. A preprocessor utility was developed for transforming RegCM fields to CAMx input fields and formats. As the first step, the distribution of pollutants can be simulated for long period in the model couple. For the coarse domain, initial and boundary conditions are set to CAMx's top concentrations (independent of time) (Simpson et al., 2003), the boundary conditions of high resolution 10km domain was taken from the concentrations on 50x50km domain run RegCM-CAMx based on ICTP ENSEMBLES RegCM@25km (see poster E. Katragkou et al.). In our setting CB-IV chemistry mechanism is used for both domains (Gery et al.,1989).
OutlooksOutlooks
Charles University in PragueFaculty of Mathematics and Physics
Dept. of Meteorology and Environment ProtectionV Holesovickach 2, Prague 8
Czech Republic
HIGH RESOLUTION MODELLING OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON HIGH RESOLUTION MODELLING OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY IN TROPOSPHEREATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY IN TROPOSPHERE
GoalsGoalsTo study the impact of climate change on air quality
• To study the contribution of air composition change to climate change impact To estimate the importance of bigger urban and industrial areas in local scale by high resolution modelling
ReferencesReferencesGery, M.W., G.Z. Whitten, J.P. Killus, and M.C. Dodge. 1989. A Photochemical Kinetics Mechanism for Urban and Regional Scale Computer Modeling. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 925-956.Giorgi, F., M.R. Marinucci, and G.T. Bates, 1993a: Development of a second generation regional climate model (RegCM2). Part I: Boundary layer and radiative transfer processes.
Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 2794-2813.Giorgi, F., M.R. Marinucci, G.T. Bates, and G. DeCanio, 1993b: Development of a second generation regional climate model (RegCM2). Part II: Convective processes and
assimilation of lateral boundary conditions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 2814-2832.Giorgi, F., Y. Huang, K. Nishizawa and C. Fu, 1999: A seasonal cycle simulation over eastern Asia and its sensitivity to radiative transfer and surface processes. Journal of
Geophysical Research, 104, 6403-6423.Guenther, A.B. , Zimmerman, P.R. , Harley, P.C. , Monson, R.K. , and Fall, R. ,1993, Isoprene and monoterpene rate variability: model evaluations and sensitivity analyses, J.
Geophys. Res., 98, No. D7, 12609-12617.Guenther, A. , Zimmerman, P. , and Wildermuth, M. ,1994, Natural volatile organic compound emission rate estimates for U.S. woodland landscapes, Atmospheric Environment,
28, 1197-1210. O’Brien, J. J., 1970: A note on the vertical structure of the eddy exchange coefficient in the planetary boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 27, 1213–1215. Pal, J. S., E. E. Small, and E. A. Eltahir, 2000: Simulation of regional-scale water and energy budgets: Representation of subgrid cloud and precipitation processes within RegCM. J.
Geophys. Res., 105, 29579-29594.Pal, J. S., F. Giorgi, X. Bi, N. Elguindi, F. Solmon, A. Grimm, L. Sloan, F. Syed, and A. Zakey, 2005: The ICTP Regional Climate Model version 3 (RegCM3). Benchmark simulations
over tropical regions. Submitted to the Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.Simpson, D. ,Fagerli, H. ,Jonson, J.,Tsyro, S.,Wind, P., 2003, Transboundary Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground Level Ozone in Europe PART I, Norwegian Meteorological
Institute.
RegCM RegCM The model RegCM used here was originally developed by Giorgi et al. (1993a,b) and then has undergone a number of improvements described in Giorgi et al. (1999), and, finally, Pal et al. (2005). The dynamical core of the RegCM is equivalent to the hydrostatic version of the mesoscale model MM5. Surface processes are represented via the Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) and boundary layer physics is formulated following a non-local vertical diffusion scheme (Giorgi et al. 1993a). Resolvable scale precipitation is represented via the scheme of Pal et al. (2000), which includes a prognostic equation for cloud water and allows for fractional grid box cloudiness, accretion and re-evaporation of falling precipitation. Convective precipitation is represented using a mass flux convective scheme (Giorgi et al. 1993b) while radiative transfer is computed using the radiation package of the NCAR Community Climate Model, version CCM3 (Giorgi et al. 1999). This scheme describes the effect of different greenhouse gases, cloud water, cloud ice and atmospheric aerosols. Cloud radiation is calculated in terms of cloud fractional cover and cloud water content, and the fraction of cloud ice is diagnosed by the scheme as a function of temperature. We use 23 vertical σ-levels reaching up to 70hPa,with time step 150s.
The next step is the inclusion of the radiative active agents from CAMx into RegCM radiative transfer scheme to calculate the changes of heating rates. Only the modification of radiative transfer due to atmospheric chemistry/aerosols will be taken into account first, the indirect effect of aerosols will be taken into account later, there are still many uncertainties in understanding of this issue and possibility of inclusion of appropriate processes into the model. The feedback of chemistry/aerosols on climate will be studied in terms of monthly and yearly averages of 2 m temperatures and of the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) radiative forcing, the results will provide the estimate of the effect of interactive atmospheric chemistry and aerosols on climate in regional and local scales.
Coupling and chemistryCoupling and chemistry
EMEP 50 km x 50 km inventories are interpolated (spatial and temporal allocation, speciation)Biogenic emissions of isopren and monoterpenes by Guenther et al. (1993,1994). Following figures show monthly emissions from June 2000 for nitrogen monoxid, fromaldehide and isoprene on thecoarse domain.
Results on the high resolution domainResults on the high resolution domainSimulated ozone episode Aug, 12 - 14th, 2000
Simulated ozone episode Aug, 12 - 14th, 2000
Coarse domain orography [m],resolution 45kmx45km,
100 x80 gridpoints
Coarse domain orography [m],resolution 45kmx45km,
100 x80 gridpoints
Fine domain orography [m], resolution 10km x 10km,
200x160 gridpoints
Fine domain orography [m], resolution 10km x 10km,
200x160 gridpoints
Comparison with measurementsComparison with measurementsOZONE 30-DAY DAILY MEAN
RUNNING AVERAGE
OZONE 30-DAY DAILY MEAN
RUNNING AVERAGE
Sulphur Dioxid
Sulphur Dioxid
Ozone 30-day running average at Svratouch 1991 - 2000
020406080
100120140160180
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
time [years]
Con
c [
g/m
3 ]
ObsCAMx 10x10
Ozone 30-day running average daily maximaat Svratouch 1991 - 2000
020406080
100120140160180
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
time [years]
Con
c [ 0
g/m
3 ]
ObsCAMx 10x10
Ozone 30-day running average at Košetice 1991 - 2000
020406080
100120140160180
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
time [years]
Con
c [ ¬
g/m
3 ]
ObsCAMx 10x10
Ozone 30-day running averageat Stará Lesná 1991 - 2000
020406080
100120140160180
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
time [years]
Con
c [ ¬
g/m
3 ]
ObsCAMx 10x10CAMx 50x50
Ozone 30-day running average daily maxima at Košetice 1991 - 2000
020406080
100120140160180
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
time [years]
Con
c [ ¬
g/m
3 ]
ObsCAMx 10x10
Ozone 30-day running averageat Illmitz 1991 - 2000
020406080
100120140160
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
time [years]
Con
c [ ¬
g/m
3 ]
ObsCAMx 10x10CAMx 50x50
Ozone 30-day running average daily maximaat Illmitz 1991 - 2000
020406080
100120140160
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
time [years]
Con
c [ ¬
g/m
3 ]
ObsCAMx 10x10CAMx 50x50
Ozone 30-day running averageat Pillersdorf 1992 - 2000
020406080
100120140160180
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
time [years]
Con
c [ ¬
g/m
3 ]
ObsCAMx 10x10CAMx 50x50
Ozone 30-day running average daily maximaat Pillersdorf 1992 - 2000
020406080
100120140160180
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
time [years]
Con
c [ ¬
g/m
3 ]
ObsCAMx 10x10CAMx 50x50
Ozone 30-day running averageat Langenbrügge 1991 - 2000
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
time [years]
Con
c [ ¬
g/m
3 ]
ObsCAMx 10x10CAMx 50x50
Ozone 30-day running average daily maximaat Langenbrügge 1991 - 2000
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
time [years]
Con
c [ ¬
g/m
3 ]
ObsCAMx 10x10CAMx 50x50
Ozone 30-day runningat Ispra 1991 - 2000
0
50
100
150
200
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
time [years]
Con
c [ ¬
g/m
3 ]
ObsCAMx 10x10CAMx 50x50
Ozone 30-day running averageat Ispra 1991 - 2000
0
50
100
150
200
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
time [years]
Con
c [ ¬
g/m
3 ]
ObsCAMx 10x10CAMx 50x50
Ozone 30-day running averageat Tänikon 1991 - 2000
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
time [years]
Con
c [ ¬
g/m
3 ]
ObsCAMx 10x10CAMx 50x50
Ozone 30-day running average daily maximaat Tänikon 1991 - 2000
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
time [years]
Con
c [ ¬
g/m
3 ]
ObsCAMx 10x10CAMx 50x50
Ozone 30-day running averagesat Chaumont 1991 - 2000
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
time [years]
Con
c [ ¬
g/m
3 ]
ObsCAMx 10x10CAMx 50x50
Ozone 30-day running average daily maximaat Chaumont 1991 - 2000
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
time [years]
Con
c [ ¬
g/m
3 ]
ObsCAMx 10x10CAMx 50x50
OZONE 30-DAY DAILY
MAXIMUM RUNNING AVERAGE
OZONE 30-DAY DAILY
MAXIMUM RUNNING AVERAGE
Average Winter/Summer O3 daily variation at Svratouch 1991-2000
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
hours
conc
[ 0g/
m3 ]
Average Winter/Summer O3 daily variation at Košetice 1991-2000
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
hours
conc
[ 0g/
m3 ]
Average Winter/Summer O3 daily variation at Stará Lesná 1991-2000
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
hours
conc
[ 0g/
m3 ]
Average Winter/Summer O3 daily variation at Illmitz1991-2000
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
hours
conc
[ 0g/
m3 ]
Obs DJFObs JJACAMx 10x10 DJFCAMx 10x10 JJACAMx 50x50 DJFCAMx 50x50 JJA
Average Winter/Summer O3 daily variation at Pillersdorf 1991-2000
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
hours
conc
[ 0g/
m3 ]
Average Winter/Summer O3 daily variation at Langenbrügge 1991-2000
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
hours
conc
[ 0g/
m3 ]
Average Winter/Summer O3 daily variation at Ispra1991-2000
020406080
100120140160
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24hours
conc
[ 0g/
m3 ]
Average Winter/Summer O3 daily variation at Tänikon1991-2000
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
hours
conc
[ 0g/
m3 ]
Average Winter/Summer O3 daily variation at Chaumont 1991-2000
40
60
80
100
120
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
hours
conc
[ 0g/
m3 ]
AOT40 a(April - September)/b(May - July)Svratouch
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000years
AO
T40
[ppb
v.h]
Obs AOT40 a
CAMx 10x10 AOT40 a
Obs AOT40 b
CAMx 10x10 AOT40 b
AOT40 a(April - September)/b(May - July)Kosetice
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000years
AO
T40
[ppb
v.h]
Obs AOT40 a
CAMx 10x10 AOT40 a
Obs AOT40 b
CAMx 10x10 AOT40 b
AOT40 a(April - September)/b(May - July)Stara Lesna
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000years
AO
T40
[ppb
v.h]
Obs AOT40 a
CAMx 10x10 AOT40 a
Obs AOT40 b
CAMx 10x10 AOT40 b
AOT40 a(April - September)/b(May - July)Illmitz
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000years
AO
T40
[ppb
v.h]
Obs AOT40 a
CAMx 10x10 AOT40 a
Obs AOT40 b
CAMx 10x10 AOT40 b
AOT40 a(April - September)/b(May - July)Pillersdorf
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000years
AO
T40
[ppb
v.h]
Obs AOT40 a
CAMx 10x10 AOT40 a
Obs AOT40 b
CAMx 10x10 AOT40 b
AOT40 a(April - September)/b(May - July)Langenbrügge
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000years
AO
T40
[ppb
v.h]
Obs AOT40 a
CAMx 10x10 AOT40 a
Obs AOT40 b
CAMx 10x10 AOT40 b
AOT40 a(April - September)/b(May - July)Ispra
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000years
AO
T40
[ppb
v.h]
Obs AOT40 a
CAMx 10x10 AOT40 a
Obs AOT40 b
CAMx 10x10 AOT40 b
AOT40 a(April - September)/b(May - July)Tänikon
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000years
AO
T40
[ppb
v.h]
Obs AOT40 a
CAMx 10x10 AOT40 a
Obs AOT40 b
CAMx 10x10 AOT40 b
AOT40 a(April - September)/b(May - July)Chaumont
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000years
AO
T40
[ppb
v.h]
Obs AOT40 a
CAMx 10x10 AOT40 a
Obs AOT40 b
CAMx 10x10 AOT40 b
OZ
ON
E D
AIL
Y V
AR
IAT
ION
OZ
ON
E D
AIL
Y V
AR
IAT
ION
AOT40 AT STATIONSAOT40 AT STATIONS
