High performance Guidelines: Triangle Region Public Facilitiesinfohouse.p2ric.org/ref/05/04061/04061.pdf · Charles Brown Brown & Jones Architects ... High Performance Guidelines:

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High Performance Guidelines:Triangle Region Public Facilities

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High Performance Guidelines:Triangle Region Public Facilities

Published by Triangle J Council of Governments u P.O. Box 12276 u Research Triangle Park NC 27709

January 2001

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Acknowledgments

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These Guidelines were modeled after the U.S. Green Building Council�s Green BuildingRating System, Version 2.0, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (March 2000),commonly referred to as LEED. The Guidelines also drew heavily from the City ofNew York�s High Performance Building Guidelines (April 1999) and the Commonwealthof Pennsylvania�s Guidelines for Creating High-Performance Buildings (1999).

A Project Management Team organized and guided the work of the many people whohelped produce these Guidelines. This team consisted of Project Manager Judy Kincaid,J.D., Solid Waste/Materials Resources Program Manager, Triangle J Council of Gov-ernments, and Project Lead Architects Gail Lindsey, AIA, Principal, Design Harmony,Inc., and Jon Weiss, AIA, Architect, Heery International, Inc..

Over 50 professionals joined workgroups during the summer of 2000 to draft specificprovisions for the Guidelines and identify case studies and resources. The followingpeople, whose affiliations are provided for purposes of identification only, were mem-bers of these workgroups:

Charlotte Abbate UNC - Chapel HillMike Bajorek Town of CaryRoger Barr Bovis Lend Lease, Inc.Kris Bowen Wake County Public School SystemChris Brasier The Freelon GroupCharles Brown Brown & Jones ArchitectsLouis Cherry Cherry Huffman ArchitectsRobert Corbin Heery InternationalMark DuBois County of WakeRobert Egan The Wooten CompanyGreg Flynn NC Division of Forest ResourcesMark Forestieri County of WakeDavid Ghirardelli Orange County Solid WasteKeith Giamportone Brown Jurkowski Architectural CollaborativeDiane Gillis UNC - Chapel HillJosh Gurlitz GGA ArchitectsChris Hilt CLH DesignJohn Hodges-Copple Triangle J Council of GovernmentsCathy Howell Bovis Lend Lease, Inc.Renee Hutcheson Small Kane ArchitectsPam Jones County of OrangeKevin Kane Davis-Kane ArchitectsJudy Kincaid Triangle J Council of GovernmentsRoger Knoll Beers Construction Co.Gail Lindsey Design Harmony, Inc.Chris Long US Environmental Protection AgencyJoel Luper Hale ArchitectureJim Mason O�Brien/Atkins AssociatesMarshall Mauney NC State Construction OfficeWilbert McAdoo County of OrangeBill Mullin Chapel Hill - Carrboro Schools

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Denny Murphy O�Brien/Atkins AssociatesLarry Murphy The Wooten CompanySteve Nearhoof McKim & CreedHugh Osteen Durham Public SchoolsWilliam Rakatansky Freeman White, Inc.Ken Redfoot Corley Redfoot Zack, Inc.Jack Rupplin City of DurhamPete Schubert US Environmental Protection AgencyJyoti Sharma Wake County Public School SystemLarry Sherrill Wake County Public School SystemJohn Sinnett The Smith Sinnett AssociatesJim Smith HagerSmith DesignJay Smith O�Brien/Atkins AssociatesPhil Stout County of WakeBarry Swanson Boney ArchitectsSandy Teal Town of GarnerMike Turner County of DurhamBill Warren Bill Warren Energy ServicesJon Weiss Heery InternationalGlen Whisler County of DurhamMark Williard Mark Williard & Associates

Additional assistance was provided by Wanda Allen, AnLe Banh, Mike Cox, Pat Davis, BenHitchings, Harshad Padia, Frank Strickland, the Certified Forest Products Council, and InnovativeDesign. Many hours of layout expertise were furnished by Greta Roach and The Smith SinnettAssociates.

The following project sponsors provided cash funding for the project:

• the Town of Apex;• the Town of Cary;• the Town of Chapel Hill;• the Chapel Hill-Carrboro City Schools;• the City of Durham;• the County of Durham;• the Durham Public Schools;• the Town of Garner;• the County of Orange;• the Orange County Schools;• the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;• the County of Wake; and• the Wake County Public School System.

Copies of this document can be downloaded from the Triangle J Council of Governmentswebsite: www.tjcog.dst.nc.us

Table of Contents

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Preface...................................................................................................................................P1 - P5

Introduction .......................................................................................................................... I1 - I13

Guidelines ............................................................................................................................. G1- G84

Quality Management1.1 Basic Quality Management ....................................................................................... G11.2 Comprehensive Building Commissioning ................................................................... G 3

Site2.1 Erosion and Sedimentation Control .......................................................................... G42.2 Site Selection ............................................................................................................ G52.3 Redevelopment .......................................................................................................... G62.4 Brownfield Redevelopment ...................................................................................... G72.5 Alternative Transportation ......................................................................................... G82.6 Site Disturbance ......................................................................................................... G 112.7 Stormwater Management ........................................................................................... G 142.8 Heat Islands ............................................................................................................... G 172.9 Light Pollution ........................................................................................................... G 192.10 Post-commissioning Monitoring................................................................................ G 20

Water3.1 Water Efficient Landscaping ...................................................................................... G 213.2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies ....................................................................... G 233.3 Water Use Reduction ................................................................................................. G 263.4 Post-commissioning Monitoring................................................................................ G 28

Energy and Atmosphere4.1 Minimum Energy Performance................................................................................... G 294.2 CFC Reduction in HVAC&R Equipment..................................................................... G 304.3 Optimal Energy Performance ...................................................................................... G 314.4 Renewable Energy ..................................................................................................... G 364.5 Elimination of HCFCs and Halons .............................................................................. G 394.6 Measurement and Verification ................................................................................... G 404.7 Green Power ............................................................................................................... G 42

Materials and Resources5.1 Storage and Collection of Recyclables....................................................................... G 435.2 Building Reuse ........................................................................................................... G 445.3 Construction Waste Management ............................................................................. G 465.4 Resource Reuse ......................................................................................................... G 495.5 Recycled Content ....................................................................................................... G 505.6 Local/Regional Materials ........................................................................................... G 545.7 Rapidly Renewable Materials ..................................................................................... G 565.8 Certified Wood ........................................................................................................... G 575.9 Durable Materials .......................................................................................................G 58

Indoor Environment6.1 Minimum IAQ Performance........................................................................................ G 606.2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control ..................................................................... G 616.3 Carbon Dioxide Monitoring ....................................................................................... G 626.4 Ventilation Effectiveness............................................................................................ G 63

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6.5 Construction IAQ Management Plan .........................................................................G 656.6 Low-emitting Materials ..............................................................................................G 686.7 Indoor Chemical & Pollution Source Control .............................................................G 716.8 Controllability of Systems ..........................................................................................G 736.9 Thermal Comfort........................................................................................................G 746.10 Daylighting and Views...............................................................................................G 756.11 Contaminant Monitoring............................................................................................G 796.12 Acoustic Quality ........................................................................................................G 81

Innovation7.1 General Innovation.....................................................................................................G 837.2 Professional Training .................................................................................................G 84

Case Studies C1 - C16

Durham Solid Waste Operations Facility .................................................................................... C 1 Durant Road Middle School ....................................................................................................... C 3

Meredith College Science Building ............................................................................................ C 5US EPA National Computer Center............................................................................................. C 7Wakefield High School ............................................................................................................... C 9Rock Springs Elementary School ................................................................................................C11Tryon Palace ..............................................................................................................................C13

US EPA Campus .........................................................................................................................C15

Resource Appendix A1 - A26

General Resources ....................................................................................................................... A1 Resources Targeted to Specific Guidelines Provisions .............................................................. A 4 Glossary .................................................................................................................................... A11

LEED Version 2.0 Comparison .............................................................................................. A18 Copies of Documents

Noise .................................................................................................................................A24

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The aim of High Performance Guidelines: Triangle Region Public Facilities is to provide aroadmap for the design and construction of efficient, cost-effective, durable, and environmentallysound buildings and landscapes. Its intended audience is local governments and schools in theregion served by Triangle J Council of Governments. This region includes the 3,300 square milesin North Carolina that lie within the counties of Chatham, Durham, Johnston, Lee, Orange, andWake, an area with a population of just over one million.

Public buildings are financial investments by taxpayers, and one purpose of these Guidelines is toensure that the design, construction, and maintenance of the region�s public buildings provide thebest possible return on investment as measured by long-term economic, health, and environmentalbenefits.

Public buildings are also highly visible and symbolic in our communities, so their constructionprovides an excellent opportunity to model principles of high performance for the private sector.These Guidelines will help produce the types of buildings and landscapes that can be emulated bythe private sector for their own benefit and for the benefit of entire communities.

What is High Performance?

High performance entails designing, constructing, and operating facilities with a strong focus onthe following principles:

• sustainability, which is a long-term view that balances economics, equity, and environ-mental impacts;

• an integrated approach, which engages a multidisciplinary team at the outset of a projectto work collaboratively throughout; and

• feedback and data collection, which quantifies both the finished facility and the processthat created it and serves to generate improvements in future projects.

Sustainability

The concept of sustainability has been developing and evolving since the 1980�s as a strategy thatseeks to reconcile the economic, environmental, and equity needs of society. The ultimate goal ofsustainability is �development that meets the needs of the present without compromising theability of future generations to meet their own needs.� (Our Common Future, World Commission onEnvironment and Development (the Bruntland Commission), Oxford University Press (1987) p.43.)

Three fundamental concepts of sustainability that relate to the design and construction ofthe built environment are incorporated into these Guidelines:

� Use renewable resources so that the design, construction, and operation of a facility do not

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deplete non-renewable resources. The best example of a renewable resource is solar power,which is inexhaustible. Another example is wood from a sustainably-managed forest.

� Create resource use cycles during the design and construction of a facility that mimic howresources are used in nature. This involves setting up and using systems that allow finite naturalresources to be used repeatedly. An example is the use of bathroom partitions made of a plasticmaterial that can be melted and reformed into new bathroom partitions.

� Approach the design and construction of a facility using systems thinking. This means startingeach design with the understanding that all systems and elements that make up a facility are inter-connected and have impacts on the operation and behavior of all the others. Systems thinking hastraditionally been a key component of both sustainability and integrated facility design and con-struction.

Integrated Facility Design and Construction

Integrated facility design and construction recognizes that building systems and components aremutually interdependent, and for a facility to achieve its maximum possible performance, thedesign of each building system and component must be considered with all other such systems andcomponents in mind. Of all of the principles, means, and methods discussed in these Guidelines, theapplication of integrated facility design and construction will result in the most immediate anddramatic improvement of a new or renovated facility�s performance.

One example of integrated design is the collaborative approach that can be brought to maximizingthe energy performance of a building. An energy-conscious approach to such issues as buildingorientation, landscaping, lighting, and windows can reduce building heat load. This means that thesize and cost of the mechanical HVAC system and ductwork can be reduced. This in turn meansthat the height of the ceilings can be lowered, which again may reduce the building heat load. Thedesigners of each building system collaborate until all systems are optimized collectively rather thanindividually.

Feedback and Data Collection

Continued progress is not possible without quality feedback that can be used to optimize proce-dures, processes, and techniques. This essential feedback requires accurate data collection anddissemination. Data must be collected that quantifies the performance of systems, the efficiencyof processes, and the costs of both. The feedback based on this data may be used to inspire futuredesigners to do even better, convince skeptical decision-makers that high performance buildingsare indeed cost effective, or warn practitioners away from processes and materials that do not liveup to expectations.

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Benefits of Applying High Performance Principles

Some of the features and benefits of applying high performance principles to building design,construction, and maintenance are described below.

(1) Reduced disruption of the facility site is achieved through careful site impact analysis.Natural watersheds, functional and stable ecosystems, and existing biodiversity are preserved andenhanced to protect the natural services that all life depends upon (such as water retention andfiltration, air replenishment and filtration, soil generation, and micro- and macro-climate modula-tion).

(2) Reduced water use and wastewater generation can be realized by techniques such as theuse of efficient low volume irrigation systems, greywater systems, drought tolerant native plants,careful design of extent and location of landscaped areas, and diverter valves to prevent the lossof water when the hot water faucet is initially turned on. Additional water-saving methods includethe use of biological wastewater treatment systems and rainwater collection systems that work torecycle or collect water that previously had not been considered for use. Water conservation hasdirect cost benefits to the facility owner and indirect benefits to the community by reducing com-petition for scarce sources of clean water and by minimizing the impact of the facility on thewatershed.

(3) Reduced energy requirements can be achieved through attention to a building�s siting andlandscaping, the thermal efficiency of the building envelope, and the interaction of the differentbuilding systems (e.g., building shell, HVAC, plumbing, lighting, power). Designs that supportpedestrians, bicycles, mass transit, and other alternatives to fossil-fueled vehicles are other impor-tant energy-reducing measures. Renewable energy sources (e.g., photovoltaic, solar hot water, geo-thermal exchange) and low emission technologies (e.g., fuel cells) can be used where appropriateand economical. Lower energy use results in direct cost savings over the life of the building andwill also result in indirect benefits to the community by reducing the need for additional powergeneration, reducing associated power plant emissions, and preserving non-renewable fossil fuels.

(4) Minimized impact of material use can be achieved when the resources that make upbuilding materials and furnishings are harvested, transported, manufactured, installed, operated,and maintained in a manner that is least damaging to the environment. This entails choosing renew-able and recycled materials when possible, developing a construction waste management plan, anddesigning spaces that are durable, flexible, and adaptable to changing technologies and needs. Italso entails a design that allows a facility to be easily deconstructed during renovation or demolitionso that reusable materials, fixtures, and systems can be reused in the current facility or in anotherconstruction project. The surest way to reduce the life-cycle cost of a building is to dramaticallyincrease its lifespan. Waste prevention measures are obvious contributions to direct and indirectcost savings.

(5) Improved indoor environment can be realized by choosing non-toxic materials, providing

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a mix of natural and artificial light, paying attention to appropriate acoustics and the quality of theindoor air, and implementing an environmentally sound operations and maintenance program. Ahealthy indoor environment yields an increase in occupant productivity and efficiency, a reductionin absenteeism, and a reduction in the risk of liability associated with �sick building syndrome�(building related illness). Given the high cost of salaries and benefits, occupant productivity gainsoften justify the cost of improvements in indoor environment. For example, a company in Penn-sylvania discovered that absenteeism dropped 25% due merely to the installation of energy-effi-cient lighting. (This and other case studies of productivity increases are detailed in Greening theBuilding and the Bottom Line: Increasing Productivity Through Energy-Efficient Design, by Joseph J. Rommand William D. Browning, Rocky Mountain Institute (1994), downloadable from www.rmi.org.)

Additional Design Issues

In addition to the specific criteria listed in these Guidelines, there are a number of other topics thatshould be considered by the design professional in order to ensure a high performance facility.These topics are not addressed in these Guidelines because no objective criteria and scoring have yetbeen developed. They include universal design, facility flexibility, regenerative design, and crimeprevention through environmental design.

• Universal design yields a built environment that accommodates the needs of people of allages and abilities, to the greatest extent possible, without requiring specialized design featuresor facility modifications. Universal design allows more people to use a facility, and it alsoreduces a facility�s resource use over time.

• Facility flexibility anticipates �uncommitted potential for change� (Gregory Bateson) in thefacility�s site, structure, or systems, and allows the facility to undergo these changes while usingminimal resources.

• Regenerative design methods create a facility that is able to generate resources (energy, wa-ter, fiber, nutrients) to replace, whenever possible, those resources that are depleted by thefacility�s own operations. Regenerative design reflects an understanding that the built environ-ment must eventually become a net producer of resources to supply resource needs thatcannot be met by the limited and valuable untouched areas of our planet.

• Crime prevention through environmental design creates built environments that are safeto occupy by reducing potential opportunities for criminal mischief. This is accomplished byensuring natural surveillance, natural access control, and natural territorial reinforcement. Thesefeatures work together to create a facility that is more safe and consequently more accessibleand usable by the community.

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Financial Impact

The lesson of previous experience is that total project cost need not increase when highperformance principles are applied to facility design and construction. Some projects mayexperience additional up-front design expenses associated with spending more time to col-laborate on and integrate system elements. Any such cost could be recouped over the totalproject, and more than recouped over the life of the building, given reduced operating costsand increased occupant performance.

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Development of the Guidelines

The High Performance Guidelines: Triangle Region Public Facilities builds on past successes inidentifying ways to improve public buildings in the Triangle region. Efforts such as theWake County Guidelines for Design and Construction of Energy Efficient County Facilities illus-trate a history of Triangle involvement in keeping architects, engineers, and facility manag-ers abreast of the latest standards and techniques for achieving high performance, cost effectivebuildings.

Several Triangle-region local governments and school systems consciously incorporated sus-tainable design principles in their facilities during the 1990�s. Some of these public agenciesindividually began to consider developing a document to guide their future design and con-struction projects, articulating and expanding upon these principles. Under the leadershipof Triangle J Council of Governments, they joined with other local governments, schoolsystems, and universities in the region to produce a uniform document to guide the region�sdesign professionals and facility managers in creating high performance public facilities.

A uniform set of guidelines has the advantage of input from many professionals from manyagencies. A common approach to high performance facility design across the region is easier toimplement and allows the use of a uniform scale to measure high performance facility achieve-ments. Uniformly derived performance results will aid future efforts of design professionals tolearn from each other how to continue to improve their performance.

Throughout the summer and fall of 2000, over 50 professionals dedicated many hours todrafting these Guidelines. Among them were facility managers and other staff from 14different public entities, representatives from 19 private architecture or engineering firms,two private contractors, a landscape architect, and an energy consultant.

The process they chose included a review of the U.S. Green Building Council�s GreenBuilding Rating System, Version 2.0, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (March2000), more commonly referred to as LEED. The Triangle professionals compared theLEED provisions to those of the City of New York�s High Performance Building Guidelines(April 1999) and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania�s Guidelines for Creating High-Perfor-mance Buildings (1999). Using LEED as a model, the Triangle professionals drafted similarprovisions that were of more immediate and practical application to the Triangle region.The group also developed local case studies to include in the Guidelines.

The resulting Guidelines are tailored for use in the Triangle region, but they will also proveuseful elsewhere in North Carolina and in similar locales beyond the state�s boundaries.

How to Use the Guidelines

The Guidelines are both a design guide and a means to quantify how well the high perfor-mance principles have been applied to a building�s design, construction, and maintenance.

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The Guidelines are based on a point system. Different aspects of a high performance facilityare defined, and specified point totals are awarded when they are achieved. For example,one point is assigned for increasing density on a previously-developed site, rather than build-ing on an undeveloped site.

The Guidelines are written as a performance-based document that describes the type ofperformance expected without prescribing how this performance must be achieved. It hasthe flexibility to be used both with new construction and with renovation projects. It iseasily applied to a variety of types of public facility construction.

The Guidelines are designed to be easily downloadable from a website and placed in a three-ring binder that can be updated as new case studies and resources are identified.

To get the most use out of the Guidelines, the design and construction professional shouldbecome conversant with the contents so that the Guidelines can be applied to any currentproject. The Guidelines have been crafted to encourage the design of facilities with low life-cycle costs through proper planning, design, construction, maintenance and operations, andreuse/demolition.

This document is a useful tool to help professionals exercise due diligence in designing andconstructing facilities that provide healthy and safe places for employees and visitors tocarry out their activities, and that cost no more to operate over their useful life than isnecessary.

Point System

The point scores tallied through the use of the Guidelines can be employed in several ways:

• as a goal setting tool that provides a framework or a checklist to guide design and con-struction decisions;

• as a self-evaluation tool that provides an objective means to test alternative designs or toevaluate the nature of existing facilities;

• as a data collection tool that will supply a �lessons learned� database with objective projectinformation so that the Triangle region can develop effective means to track successesand trends in the design and construction industries.

The point system is intended as a way to balance trade-offs and strategies. It allows the userto work toward the highest possible point total for a particular project as an indicator thatits maximum performance has been achieved within that project�s particular constraints.Comparisons of different projects based on point totals are neither intended nor valid, giventhat each project is comprised of a unique set of project specific requirements, challenges,opportunities, and constraints.

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This is particularly true when applying the Guidelines� point totals to small projects andrenovations, as many Guidelines topics and points will not be relevant to these projects.While the total number of points achievable may be quite low, the Guidelines would remainuseful as the designers concentrate on achieving the maximum points for a particular project.

The points are assigned under seven general topic headings:

• Quality Management• Site• Water• Energy and Atmosphere• Materials and Resources• Indoor Environment• Innovation

Within each of these seven general topics are two or more specific areas for which points areearned. For example, under the general topic Materials and Resources there are one prereq-uisite and eight specific areas. An example of one of these specific areas is Resource Reuse.Each of the specific areas has defined requirements that, when met, yield one or morepoints.

A summary checklist of all provisions in the Guidelines appears in Table 1 (pages I6 to I9). Thischecklist allows a project team to document in advance those criteria it expects will be incorpo-rated into the facility. This checklist of targeted points should include the appointment of a projectteam member as the �champion� for each criterion or targeted point. The checklist can also beused to tally the total points earned at the completion of the project.

Each specific area for which points are assigned � e.g., Resource Reuse � is organizedaccording to four subheadings.

The first is Intent of Requirement, under which there is a brief statement clarifying theintent of the requirement that follows.

The second subheading is Requirement, under which appear specific descriptions of whatmust be accomplished to merit the listed number of points. For example, under ResourceReuse, one point is assigned for specifying salvaged or refurbished materials for 2% of build-ing materials, excluding furniture, fixtures, and equipment. An additional point is assignedfor increasing this percentage to 5% and another for 10%. A number (e.g., 5.4.1) corre-sponds to each provision under areas for which more than one point can be earned.

The next subheading is Technologies and Strategies, under which suggestions are offeredregarding technologies and strategies that might be helpful to meet the requirements. Fur-ther assistance with technologies and strategies is provided in the Case Studies and ResourceAppendix, which are described below.

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The final subheading is Deliverables, under which is listed the documentation necessary to provethat the intent and requirements of each specific point have been met. In areas for which there ismore than one point achievable, a number (e.g., 5.4.1) follows each listed deliverable to indicate thecorresponding point-based requirement.

It is not possible for any one project to garner all possible points listed in the Guidelines.One reason is the mutually exclusive nature of some of the measures described. For ex-ample, some points are earned only if the site is a brownfield site; other points are earned bydeveloping a previously undeveloped site in a particular manner. Some of the points are assignedonly if a project is of a certain size. Other points are extremely difficult to earn because theyinvolve new technologies. The purpose of including points for these �cutting edge� situations is toencourage innovation and to reduce the need for revising the Guidelines as these new technologiesare further developed.

Individual local governments and school systems can tailor the Guidelines to their own needsby mandating the achievement of specific points on specific projects. An evaluation by theprofessionals developing the Guidelines resulted in an initial proposed minimum 35 point total toqualify a facility as �high performance.� The following four-tiered system was proposed:

35 to 44 points - Bronze45 to 53 points - Silver54 to 72 points - Gold73 plus points - Platinum

These rankings are proposed for an initial period only, to be reassessed after the region hashad some experience with these Guidelines.

Process Diagram

The process diagram in Table 2 (pages I10 to I13) graphically describes the general sequence ofactivities that should occur during the predesign, design, construction, and occupancy phases of aproject. The types of work products (for example, reports, drawings, or budgets) to be generatedduring a particular activity are also shown in this diagram.

Technology Examples and Case Studies

Technology examples, covering methods or design approaches related to specific require-ments for earning points, are presented within the Guidelines immediately following theassociated point. These technology examples illustrate how local professionals achievedresults on North Carolina projects similar to those described in the Requirement section.The Case Studies section of the Guidelines contains summaries of particularly exemplaryNorth Carolina projects with multiple high performance technologies and strategies.

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Resource Appendix

The Resource Appendix includes additional important information helpful to professionalsusing the Guidelines. It contains references to other documents and to websites that areparticularly rich in information relevant to high performance facilities. It also containssources of information specific to particular sections of the Guidelines, including a copy of a shortdocument regarding noise. The Resource Appendix also includes a Glossary and a table compar-ing the provisions of these Guidelines to the provisions found in LEED Version 2.0.

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Table 1: Checklist

Project Name: D ate:

Checklist for High Performance Guidelines: Triangle Region Public Facilities 35-44 points = bronze; 45-53 points =silver; 54-72 points = gold; 73+ = platinum

Requirement Possible Actual Comments Points Points

1.0 QUALITY MANAGEMENT 11.1 Basic Quality Management Prerequisite Prerequisite

1.2 Comprehensive Building Commissioning 1

2.0 SITE 192.1 Erosion and Sedimentation Control Prerequisite Prerequisite

2.2 Site Selection 12.3 Redevelopment

2.3.1 Increase density on site 12.3.2 Increase density within confines of existing

structure 12.4 Brownfield Redevelopment 12.5 Alternative Transportation

2.5.1 Alternative Transportation - Project location 12.5.2 Alternative Transportation - Bicycle facilities 12.5.3 Alternative Transportation - Alternative fuel

vehicle parking 12.5.4 Alternative Transportation - Preferred parking

spaces 12.5.5 Alternative Transportation - Pedestrian and

bike access 12.6 Site Disturbance

2.6.1 Site Disturbance - Cultural landmarks 12.6.2 Site Disturbance - Greenfield sites 12.6.3 Site Disturbance - Reduce footprint by 30% 12.6.4 Site Disturbance - Reduce footprint by 40% 1

2.7 Stormwater Management2.7.1 Stormwater Management - Stormwater runoff 12.7.2 Stormwater Management - Treatment systems 1

2.8 Heat Islands2.8.1 Heat Islands - General measures 12.8.2 Heat Islands - Roofing systems 1

2.9 Light Pollution 12.10 Post-commissioning Monitoring 1

3.0 WATER 93.1 Water Efficient Landscaping

3.1.1 Water Efficient Landscaping - 50% reductionin water use 1

3.1.2 Water Efficient Landscaping - 100% reductionin water use 1

3.2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies 13.3 Water Use Reduction

3.3.1 Water Use Reduction - Reduce aggregate useby 20% 1

3.3.2 Water Use Reduction - Reduce aggregate useby 30% 1

3.3.3 Water Use Reduction - 50% potable waterfrom rain 1


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Project Name: Date:

Checklist for High Performance Guidelines: Triangle Region Public Facilities 35-44 points = bronze; 45-53 points = silver; 54-72 points = gold; 73+ = platinum



3.4 Post-commissioning Monitoring 1

4.0 ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE 224.1 Minimum Energy Performance Prerequisite Prerequisite

4.2 CFC Reduction in HVAC&R Equipment Prerequisite Prerequisite

4.3 Optimal Energy Performance- New/Exist.Buildings

4.3.1 Optimal Energy Performance - 20%/10% 14.3.2 Optimal Energy Performance - 30%/20% 34.3.3 Optimal Energy Performance -40%/30% 24.3.4 Optimal Energy Performance - 50%/40% 24.3.5 Optimal Energy Performance - 60%/50% 2

4.4 Renewable Energy4.4.1 Renewable Energy - 5% renewable fuels 24.4.2 Renewable Energy - 10% renewable fuels 24.4.3 Renewable Energy - 20% renewable fuels 2

4.5 Elimination of HCFCs and Halons 14.6 Measurement & Verification

4.6.1 Measurement & Verification - Staff training 14.6.2 Measurement & Verification - Energy

management plan 14.6.3 Measurement & Verification - Follow IVMVP

process 14.7 Green Power

4.7.1 Green Power - 25% by grid 14.7.2 Green Power - 2-year contract or generation 1

5.0 MATERIALS AND RESOURCES 205.1 Storage and Collection of Recyclables Prerequisite Prerequisite

5.2 Building Reuse5.2.1 Building Reuse - 75% of building structure

and shell 15.2.2 Building Reuse - 100% of building structure

and shell 15.2.3 Building Reuse - 100% of structure/shell &

50% of interior 15.3 Construction Waste Management

5.3.1 Construction Waste Management - Developchecklist 1

5.3.2 Construction Waste Management - Wastemanagement plan 1

5.3.3 Construction Waste Management -Recycle/salvage 75% of grading and landclearing debris 1

5.3.4 Construction Waste Management -Recycle/salvage 50% of construction anddemolition debris 1

5.3.5 Construction Waste Management -Recycle/salvage 75% of construction anddemolition debris 1

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5.4 Resource Reuse5.4.1 Resource Reuse - Use 2% reused material,

excluding furniture, fixtures, & equipment 15.4.2 Resource Reuse - Use 5% reused material,

excluding furniture, fixtures, & equipment 15.4.3 Resource Reuse - Use 10% reused material

for furniture, fixtures, & equipment 15.5 Recycled Content

5.5.1 Recycled Content - Specify 25% of materialsas 20% post-consumer recycled 1

5.5.2 Recycled Content - Specify 50% of materialsas 20% post-consumer recycled 1

5.6 Local/Regional Materials5.6.1 Local/Regional Materials - 20% regionally

manufactured materials 15.6.2 Local/Regional Materials - 50% of regionally

manufactured materials are regionally harvested 15.7 Rapidly Renewable Materials 15.8 Certified Wood

5.8.1 Certified Wood - 10% of wood is certified 15.8.2 Certified Wood - 50% of wood is certified 1

5.9 Durable Materials5.9.1 Durable Materials - Life cycle analysis for

2 building systems 15.9.2 Durable Materials - Life cycle analysis for

2 additional building systems 1

6.0 INDOOR ENVIRONMENT 256.1 Minimum IAQ Performance Prerequisite Prerequisite

6.2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control Prerequisite Prerequisite

6.3 Carbon Dioxide Monitoring6.3.1 Carbon Dioxide Monitoring - Install monitoring

system 16.3.2 Carbon Dioxide Monitoring - Tie monitoring to

DDC system 16.4 Ventilation Effectiveness

6.4.1 Ventilation Effectiveness - Air changeeffectivenes minimum 1

6.4.2 Ventilation Effectiveness - Loading dockand mechanical room ventilation 1

6.5 Construction IAQ Management Plan6.5.1 Construction IAQ Management Plan -

Minimum ventilation 16.5.2 Construction IAQ Management Plan -

Building flushing 16.6 Low-emitting Materials

6.6.1 Low-emitting Materials - Adhesives 16.6.2 Low-emitting Materials - Paints and coatings 16.6.3 Low-emitting Materials - Carpet systems 16.6.4 Low-emitting Materials - Composite materials 1

6.7 Indoor Chemical & Pollution Source Control6.7.1 Indoor Source Control - Minimize cross-

contamination 1

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6.7.2 Indoor Source Control - Good housekeepingprotocols 1

6.8 Controllability of Systems6.8.1 Controllability of Systems - Operable windows 16.8.2 Controllability of Systems - Individual controls 1

6.9 Thermal Comfort6.9.1 Thermal Comfort - Comply with ASHRAE

55-1992 16.9.2 Thermal Comfort - Install Permanent Temper-

ature and Humidity Monitoring System 16.10 Daylighting and Views

6.10.1 Daylighting and Views - Daylight Factor of 2% 16.10.2 Daylighting and Views - Direct line of sight 1

6.11 Contaminant Monitoring6.11.1 Contaminant Monitoring - Ozone 16.11.2 Contaminant Monitoring - Radon 16.11.3 Contaminant Monitoring - Nitric oxide 16.11.4 Contaminant Monitoring - Sulfur dioxide 16.11.5 Contaminant Monitoring - Fungus and mold 1

6.12 Acoustic Quality6.12.1 Acoustic Quality - Low-noise building systems 16.12.2 Acoustic Quality - Decibel reading 1

7.0 INNOVATION 77.1 General Innovation

7.1.1 General Innovation - Level I 17.1.2 General Innovation - Level II 17.1.3 General Innovation - Level III 17.1.4 General Innovation - Level IV 1

7.2 Professional Training7.2.1 Professional Training - LEED certified

professional 17.2.2 Professional Training - Principal participant

educated 17.2.3 Professional Training - Distribute lessons learned 1

TOTAL SCORE 103

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Table 2: Process Diagram

1.0 PREDESIGN1.2 Strategic Planning

1. Assemble ProjectTeam.

2 . Educate ProjectTeam to SustainableDesign, Dev. Issues.

3 . Determine if Devel-oped Sites and/or Fa-cilities Can Be UsedInstead of New Site orConstruction.

4 . Develop Sustainable,Other Project Goals.

5 . Develop Strategiesand LCC Review,InvestigateMaterials to MeetSustainableand Other Goals.

6 . Develop Compre-hensive Commis-sioning Plan.

7 . Investigate Codesfor Accommodationof Sustainable Goals.

8 . Review Local,Regional, NationalIncentive Programs.

9 . Develop Metrics &Other Tools toMeasure, DocumentSustainable Characteristics of Project.

WORK PRODUCT:• Sustainable

Education Programand Sign-Off

• Sustainable GoalsReport

• Existing DevelopmentUse Report

• Sustainable andProject Checklist

• Strategies Report• Codes Investigation

Report• Incentives Report• Tools and Metrics

Report• Commissioning Plan

1.3 Programming

1. Review ProgrammingAssumptions:

• Grossing Factors• Utilization Factors• Space Classifications• Furniture Standards• Equipment Standards

2. Review Fundamentalsof Project SpaceProgram:

• Site Context• Existing Conditions• Security and Safety• Community Perception

and Interaction• Circulation• Facility Flexibility• Future Needs• Significant Trends

3 . Develop SpaceProgram.

4 . Update Budget.

5 . Update Preliminary.

WORK PRODUCT:• Programming

Assumptions Report• Project Space Program• Updated Checklist• Updated Budget• Updated Schedule

1.4 Site Selection

1. Study Site’s Context.

2. Study Site’s Economic,Environmental, andSocial Ecologies.

3. Identify Site Character-istics Useful forRegenerative Design.

3 . Evaluate a Site UsingCPTED (CrimePrevention ThroughEnvironmentalDesign).

4. Study and Select SiteBased on SustainableDesign and Develop-ment Issues.

WORK PRODUCT:• Site Ecologies Report• Regenerative Design

Report• Site CPTED Report• Site Selection Report• Updated Checklist

1.1 Project Initiation

1. Address Issues ofSustainability inScope of Work.

2 . Anticipate Supportfor SustainablePractice in Budgetand Schedule.

WORK PRODUCT:• Scope of Work• Project Budget• Project Schedule

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2.0 PREDESIGN2.1 Design Optimization

1. Evaluate ThoseSustainable andOther Project Goalsfor Facility Integration.

2. Develop and EvaluateDesign OptimizingStrategies to AchieveFacility Integration(Economic, Environ-mental, Social).

WORK PRODUCT:• Design Optimizing

Strategies Report• Updated Checklist• Updated Budget• Updated Schedule

2.2 Schematic Design

1. Apply, Research, and TestDesign Optimizing Strat-egies to Schematic Design

• Develop Two or MoreSD Options, If Possible.

• Apply Metrics andOther Tools to Documentand Evaluate “Sustain-ability” of Each Option(Computer Modeling,Material Takeoffs, WasteGeneration and Recycling,LCC/LCA).

2. Investigate the Use ofPassive Design Tech-niques for Lighting,Ventilation, Heating, andCooling.

3. Evaluate SD for CPTED,Regenerative Design,Flexibility, UniversalDesign.

4. Research SustainableMaterials and BuildingSystems for Safety Data,Resource Cycling,LCA, Price, Availability,Warranties, Performance,Manufacturer’s Reputation.

5. Start Development ofProject SpecificationsWith Regard to Sus-tainability (Division 1, etc.)

WORK PRODUCT:• Applicable Design

Optimization Strategies• SD Options• Computer Modeling

(Energy, 3D, Lighting,Structure, etc.)

• Materials and BuildingSystems Report

• SD CPTED Report• SD Specification• SD Commissioning Report• Updated Checklist• Updated Budget• Updated Schedule

2.3 Design Development

1. Apply, Research, andTest Design OptimizingStrategies to SchematicDesign.

2. Apply Metrics andOther Tools to Docu-ment and Evaluate“Sustainability” of EachOption (ComputerModeling, MaterialTakeoffs, WasteGeneration and Re-cycling, LCC/LCA).

3. Continue Developmentof Other ProjectSpecification Sections.

WORK PRODUCT:• DD Drawing Set• DD Specification• Computer Modeling


• Materials and BuildingSystems Report

• DD CPTED Report• DD Commissioning

Report• Updated Checklist• Updated Budget• Updated Schedule

2.4 Const. Docs./Specs

1. Develop 25%, 50%,90%, and 100% CDReview Sets withSpecifications.

WORK PRODUCT:• CD Drawing Set• CD Specification• CD Commissioning

Report• Computer Modeling


• Updated Checklist• Updated Budget• Updated Schedule

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3.0 CONSTRUCTION3.2 Construction

1. Develop ConstructionSchedule ThatReflects Attention toProper ConstructionActivity Sequence toAvoid Pollution ofFacility.

2. Establish Construc-tion Yard and SiteAccess to MinimizeDisruption toEcosystem.

3. Establish andMaintain Construc-tion Waste Manage-ment Plan.

4. Confirm Operations ofFacility Systems andMaterials byCommissioningProcess.

5. Develop FacilityMaintenance andOperations Manual:

• Systems Operations• Systems Maintenance• Indoor Environment

Quality• Management Plan• Mfg. Warrantees,

Contacts

6. Develop LessonsLearned Report.

WORK PRODUCT:• Updated Schedule• Site Demolition and

Construction Yard/Access Plan

• Construction WasteManagement Plan

• Scheduled Commis-sioning Reports

• Facility Operationsand MaintenanceManual

• Lessons LearnedReport

• Updated Checklist

3.1 Bidding and Award

1. Attract Contractors WithSustainable Design andDevelopment Experience.

2. Select Contractor.

3. Ensure That Constractorsand Sub-Contractors areTrained on SustainableDesign, Development,and Construction Prac-tices.

4. Hold a Pre-ConstructionMeeting to Review Sus-tainable and Non-Sus-tainable Aspects of theProject.

WORK PRODUCT:• Contractor Bids• Contract (Performance?)• Pre-Construction

Review Report• Updated Checklist• Updated Budget• Updated Schedule

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4.0 OCCUPANCY4.1 Start-Up

1. Complete FacilityCommissioning andIssue ConstructionCommissioningManual.

2. Educate and TrainMaintenance andOperations Staff.

3. Educate (and Train)Facility OccupantsAbout Sustainable andNon-SustainableFacility Goals andFacility Features.

4. Develop and Maintaina Start-Up Manual.

WORK PRODUCT:• Construction

Commissioning Manual• Start-Up Manual

4.2 M&O

1. Use Facility Maintenanceand Operations to InitiateProper Operations andMaintenance of Facility.

2. Develop and MaintainPost-Occupancy Log toDocument Periodic PostOccupancy FacilityInspections.

3. Schedule Periodic Post-Occupancy Commission-ing Evaluations toAugment OngoingFacility M&O Process.

WORK PRODUCT:• M&O Reports• Post Occupancy Facilities

Inspections.• Scheduled Post-

Occupancy Commission-ing Evaluations

4.3 Life-Cycle End Use

1.Review Options forReuse, Deconstruc-tion, Salvage.Develop Imple-mentation Plan forReuse/Salvage.

2 .Develop End UseReport.

WORK PRODUCT:• End Use Report

For Facility Reuse GoTo Predesign Process

Guidelines

High Performance Guidelines: Triangle Region Public FacilitiesVersion 1.0

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(Prereq.)

(Prereq.)

(Prereq.)

(Prereq.)

(Prereq.)

(Prereq.)

1.0 Quality Management

1.1 Basic Quality Management (Prerequisite)

Intent of requirement:To establish and maintain a means to create clear communications, re-sponsibilities, standards, and agreements to ensure the successful comple-tion of a building project.

Requirement:Meet to develop a plan of work for the successful completion of theproject by developing a mission statement, defining the role of the ProjectLead Team, and making other agreements for managing the planning,design, construction, and operation of the project to a successful comple-tion.

Identify processes: establish Key Processes and Key Process Indicators.

Develop a win/win matrix of performance expectations for and fromeach member of the Project Team (Owner, Designers, Construction Team,etc.) that identifies the responsibilities of each Project Team member.

Adopt process flow charts to establish standards for how processes arecarried out during the project.

Identify the metrics and reporting format that will be used to track thesuccess of the Key Process Indicators.

Identify the �Key Process Champions� that will be responsible for thesuccessful monitoring and improvements to the Key Processes.

Technologies and strategies:Introduce performance standards and appropriate strategies into the pro-gramming and design process early, and then carry through selected mea-sures by clearly stating target requirements and procedures for measure-ment in the construction documents. Clearly express the performanceintent of the owner�s program in all contract documents with designers,consultants, and contractors. Develop a mutually agreeable win-win matrixearly in the process and do regular reporting.

Guidelines

Version 1.0High Performance Guidelines: Triangle Region Public Facilities

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Deliverables:

Provide a listing of the Project Lead Team with designated responsibilities ofmembers.Provide a win/win matrix which lists the definition of success versus projectresponsibilities for each stakeholder. (Interior cells list the needs and responsibili-ties of each stakeholder to others.)Provide a project mission statement.Provide Key Processes and Key Process Indicators; provide a list of Key ProcessChampions that will be responsible for the monitoring and improvements to theKey Processes.Provide regularly scheduled reports on the status and improvement on the KeyProcess Indicators.

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1.2 Comprehensive Building Commissioning (1 Point)

Intent of requirement:Through qualified commissioning, verify and ensure that the entire build-ing is designed, constructed, and calibrated to operate as intended, andactually operates during the acceptance phase as defined in the owner�sprogram, design and construction documents, and contracts.

Requirement:Implement all of the following additional commissioning tasks:1. Conduct a focused review of the design prior to the construction

documents phase.2. Conduct a focused review of the construction documents when close

to completion.3. Conduct a selective review of contractor submittals of commis-

sioned equipment.4. Develop a system and energy management manual.5. Have a contract in place for a near-warranty end or post occupancy

review.

Technologies and strategies:During predesign, determine budget for appropriate levels of commis-sioning activities; identify the systems that require commissioning; andidentify the person(s) responsible for developing and overseeing projectcommissioning. During design, review all milestone design documentsfor compliance with initial design intent; develop a commissioning plan;develop commissioning specifications by either a commissioning agentor consultant; and review contract documents to assure complete coor-dination with various trades. During construction, finalize details of thecommissioning procedure; review shop drawings and equipment sub-mittals; conduct periodic commissioning team meetings; and observeconstruction, installation, start-up, operation, test, and balancing of rel-evant systems. During acceptance, identify deficiencies found during thecommissioning process and make corrective recommendations; assemblecomplete record drawings, equipment instruction manuals prepared bymanufacturers, fabricators, or installers for inclusion in the owner�s manual;verify accuracy and completeness of final testing, adjusting, and balanc-ing reports; and conduct operations and maintenance staff training.

Deliverables:Provide a commissioning project plan.Provide a commissioning report at close-out.

(1 Point)

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4G

(Prereq.)

2.0 Site

2.1 Erosion and Sedimentation Control (Prerequisite)

Intent of requirement:Control erosion to reduce negative impacts on water and air quality.

Requirement:Design to a site sediment and erosion control plan that conforms to bestmanagement practices in state or local erosion and sedimentation controlstandards and codes, whichever is more stringent. The plan shall meetthe following objectives:• Prevent loss of soil during construction by stormwater runoff and/

or wind erosion, including protecting topsoil by stockpiling for re-use.

• Prevent sedimentation of storm sewer or receiving streams and/orair pollution with dust and particulate matter.

Technologies and strategies:The NC DENR standard lists numerous measures such as silt fencing,sediment traps, construction phasing, stabilization of steep slopes, main-taining vegetated ground cover, and providing ground cover that willmeet this prerequisite. Also, include the use of tire washing stations andother innovative techniques to achieve the intent.

Deliverables:Declare whether the project follows state or local erosion and sedimen-tation control standards and provide a brief listing of the measures imple-mented.Provide the erosion plan (or drawing and specifications) with the sedi-ment and erosion control measures highlighted.Provide relevant permits.Provide photos that show periodic inspections on soil and erosion todocument �before� and �after.�

Guidelines


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5G

2.2 Site Selection (1 Point)

Intent of requirement:Reduce the environmental impact of locating a building on a site andcoordinate with local and regional development plans that addressenvironmental concerns.

Requirement:Do not develop buildings on portions of sites that meet any of thefollowing criteria:

• Prime agricultural land as defined by the Farmland Trust.• Land whose elevation is lower than 5 feet above the eleva-

tion of the 100-year flood as defined by FEMA.• Land that provides habitat for any species on the Federal or

State threatened or endangered list.• Within 100 feet of any wetland as defined by 40 CFR, Parts

230-233 and Part 22 OR as defined by local or state rule orlaw, whichever is more stringent.

• Land which prior to acquisition for the project was publicparkland, unless land of equal or greater value as parkland isaccepted in trade by the public land owner. (Park Authorityprojects are exempt.)

• Within 50 feet of either side of an intermittent or free flow-ing water course as identified on either USGS maps or soilsurvey maps.

• Land with extreme slopes or hills.

Technologies and strategies:Screen potential building sites for these criteria prior to purchasing theland, and/or ensure that these criteria are addressed by the designer dur-ing the conceptual design phase. Use landscape architects, ecologists,environmental engineers, civil engineers, and similar professionals for thescreening process. New wetlands constructed as part of stormwatermitigation or other site restoration efforts are not affected by the restric-tions of this prerequisite. Ensure that strategies conform with local de-velopment plans.

Deliverables:Declare that the project site does not meet any of the prohibitedcriteria.Provide an Environmental Site Analysis.

(1 Point)

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(1 Point)

(1 Point)

2.3 Redevelopment (1-2 Points)

Intent of requirement:Channel development to areas with existing infrastructure, protectinggreenfields and preserving habitat and natural resources.

Requirement:2.3.1 Use previously developed site and increase density on site.

2.3.2 Use previously developed site and increase density within the con-fines of the site�s existing infrastructure.

Technologies and strategies:During the site selection process give preference to previously developedsites with redevelopment potential.

Deliverables:Provide documentation of the site�s previous uses. (2.3.1, 2.3.2)Provide an area plan with the project location highlighted and the calcu-lated development density for the project and site. Show what the in-crease in density will be on site or within the confines of the site�s existinginfrastructure. (2.3.1, 2.3.2)

Guidelines


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2.4 Brownfield Redevelopment (1 Point)

Intent of requirement:Rehabilitate damaged sites where development is complicated by real orperceived environmental contamination, reducing pressure on undevel-oped land.

Requirement:Develop on a site classified as a brownfield and provide remediation asrequired by EPA�s Brownfield Redevelopment program requirements.

Technologies and strategies:Participate in EPA�s Brownfield Redevelopment program. Use EPAOSWER Directive 9610.17 and ASTM Standard Practice E1739 for siteremediation where required. Gain community support by highlightingthe social and urban benefits of brownfield redevelopment and address-ing accurately the perceived hazard issues. Negotiate with local munici-palities and landowners for below-market purchase price for brownfieldreal estate. Obtain tax incentives before meeting geographic require-ments for EPA�s Brownfield tax credits.

Deliverables:Provide a copy of the site�s Brownfield Development Application.Provide a letter from the local regulatory agency or regional EPA officeconfirming that the site is classified as an EPA Brownfield site.Provide documentation demonstrating that the remediation efforts havebeen performed on the site to clean up or stabilize contaminants.

(1 Point)

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2.5 Alternative Transportation (1-5 Points)

Intent of requirement:Reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobileuse.

Requirement:2.5.1 Locate building within ½ mile of existing or planned trail, greenway,bikeway, or mass transit station, OR within ¼ mile of two or more buslines.

2.5.2 Provide suitable means for securing bicycles, and provide conve-nient changing/shower facilities for use by 5% or more of building oc-cupants.

2.5.3 Provide preferred parking for alternative fuel vehicles.

2.5.4 Size parking capacity not to exceed minimum local zoning require-ments AND provide preferred parking for carpools or van pools ca-pable of serving 5% of the building occupants, OR, add no new parkingfor rehabilitation projects AND provide preferred parking for carpoolsor van pools capable of serving 5% of the building occupants.

2.5.5 Install bike paths, sidewalks, and/or other connectors to make sitepedestrian and bike accessible.

Technologies and strategies:Select sites near public transit served by safe, convenient pedestrian andbike pathways.

Deliverables:Provide an area drawing highlighting the building location, the existing orplanned trails, greenways, or bikeways, as well as fixed rail stations andbus lines; indicate the distance between them. Include a scale bar fordistance measurement. (2.5.1)Provide site drawings and specifications highlighting bicycle securing ap-paratus and changing/shower facilities. Include calculations demonstrat-ing that these facilities accommodate 5% or more of building occupants.(2.5.2)Provide site drawings highlighting the preferred parking for alternativevehicles. (2.5.3)Provide a design narrative, parking plan, and company literature demon-strating that carpool and van pool programs serve 5% of the buildingoccupants. (2.5.4)

(1 Point)

(1 Point)

(1 Point)

(1 Point)

(1 Point)

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For new projects, provide a copy of the local zoning requirements high-lighting the criteria for minimum parking capacity. Provide a parking planhighlighting the total parking capacity. (2.5.4)ORFor rehabilitation projects, provide a pre-rehabilitation parking plan anda post-rehabilitation parking plan demonstrating that no new parkingcapacity was added. (2.5.4)Provide drawings highlighting bike paths, sidewalks, and/or other con-nectors. (2.5.5)

Guidelines


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US EPA CampusResearch Triangle Park, North Carolina

Highlighted Technology: Alternative Transportation Support

Owner/Contact: US Environmental Protection AgencyTelephone: (919) 541-0249

Technical Strategies:

The new EPA Campus at Research Triangle Park has taken an integrated approach to transportation planning ,including a heavy emphasis on alternative means of commuting to single occupant vehicles.

Bus Transit � EPA has arranged for buses from the Triangle Transit Authority (TTA) and the Durham AreaTransit Authority (DATA) to stop at the front door of the main facility, as well as at other convenient points onthe campus, including the neighboring facility of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. TheAgency�s transit subsidy program pays $65 per month to cover employee bus fare.

Bikes � Roadways will be striped with bike lanes, bike racks are under cover in the parking decks adjacent tobuilding entrances, and showers with lockers are located nearby.

Car and Van Pools � Priority parking spaces will be provided near the building entrances to encourage car and vanpools, and the Agency pays the monthly cost of van pool fare. EPA offers in-house car pool matching on itsemployee web site.

Parking Plan � With its heavy emphasis on alternative transportation, EPA has reduced total parking spaces forthe campus. 1,800 spaces serve 2,000 employees plus visitors, which is far less than is typical in this region.

Other Steps to Reduce Driving � EPA also has programs to decrease the overall need to drive. A �flexiplace�work at home option is available to many employees, depending on their job functions. The campus includesan on-site child care center and nursing mother facilities. An on-site food court, ATM machines, mail center, andconvenience store complete with dry cleaning drop-off and pick-up also help reduce need for off-site trips duringthe day.

For more information, see http://www.epa.gov/rtp/transpo/

Technology Example 2.5 (A)

Guidelines


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2.6 Site Disturbance (1-4 Points)

Intent of requirement:Conserve existing natural areas, restore damaged areas to provide habitatand promote biodiversity, and protect cultural landmarks.

Requirement:2.6.1 Ensure that any cultural landmarks, as identified either by the state orby a local government, on the site remain undisturbed.

2.6.2 On greenfield sites, limit site disturbance, including earthwork andclearing of vegetation, to 40 feet beyond the building perimeter and 25feet from any other permanent built feature, OR, on previously devel-oped sites, restore a minimum of 50% of the remaining open area byplanting native or naturalized non-invasive vegetation.

2.6.3 Reduce the development footprint (including building, access roads,and parking) to preserve a minimum of 30% of the site in undevelopedspace.

2.6.4 Reduce the development footprint (including building, access roads,and parking) to preserve a minimum of 40% of the site in undevelopedspace.

Technologies and strategies:Note requirements on plans and in specifications. Establish contractualpenalties for destruction of trees and site areas noted for protection. Reducefootprints by tightening program needs and stacking floorplans. Estab-lish clearly marked construction and disturbance boundaries. Delineatelaydown, recycling, and disposal areas. Use areas to be paved as stagingareas. Work with local horticultural extension services or native plantsocieties to select indigenous plant species for site restoration and land-scaping.

Deliverables:Produce documentation of cultural landmark(s) on the site andprovide letter from appropriate source stating that landmark(s) willremain undisturbed. (2.6.1)Provide a site plan identifying tree protection, plant inventory/rescue. (2.6.2)On greenfield sites, provide site drawings and specification highlightinglimits of construction disturbance. (2.6.2)OR

(1 Point)

(1 Point)

(1 Point)

(1 Point)

Guidelines


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On previously developed sites, provide a narrative describing restorationof degraded habitat areas. Include highlighted site drawings with areacalculations demonstrating that 50% of degraded areas have been re-stored. (2.6.2)Provide drawings and calculations highlighing the development footprintand its preservation of a minimum of 30% of the site in undevelopedspace. (2.6.3)Provide drawings and calculations highlighing the development footprintand its preservation of a minimum of 40% of the site in undevelopedspace. (2.6.4)

Guidelines


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Highlighted Technology: Reduced Site Disturbance


US Environmental Protection AgencyTelephone: (919) 549-9249

Hellmuth, Obata, and Kassabaum

The Clark Construction Group

With a rise of 60 feet from its lake slope edge to its hilltop, the sloping site presented a challenge todesigners. But by curving around and hugging the side of the hill, the main facility on the EPAcampus minimized the need for excavation and clearing. Tall, mature forests have been kept stand-ing as close as 50 feet to the building.

The site development plan for the new EPA Campus was initially guided by a 1970 master plan bythe U.S. Public Health Service. The plan specified four-lane boulevards with medians and wideclearings for underground utilities outside both sides of the roads. Vast areas of surface parking wereto be located remotely from the buildings, requiring additional clearing for walkways. EPA re-evaluated the master plan and chose an approach that saved about 25 acres of forest.

Roadways � Backed by a professional traffic analysis, EPA changed the four-lane and median systemto a two-lane road. Wider areas were maintained at public road intersections to promote swift entryand exit at rush hours. Electrical and communications lines were placed under the pavement tofurther reduce clearing to the minimal required to construct the roadways.

Parking � Several acres of clearing were prevented by placing half of all parking spaces in decks. Be-cause of the site�s sloping terrain, the costs of retaining walls and drainage systems for all surfaceparking would have nearly equaled the cost of the decks, and the parking service to employees isvastly improved, since these spaces are much closer to the buildings.

For more information � http://www.epa.gov/rtp/new-bldg/environmental/environmental.htm

Owner/Contact:

Architect:

Contractor:


Guidelines


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14G

2.7 Stormwater Management (1-2 Points)

Intent of requirement:Limit disruption of natural water flows by minimizing stormwater run-off, increasing on-site infiltration, and reducing contaminants.

Requirement:2.7.1 Implement a stormwater management plan that results in no netincrease in the rate or quantity of stormwater runoff from existing todeveloped conditions; OR, if existing imperviousness is greater than 50%,implement a stormwater management plan that results in 25% decreasein the rate and quantity of stormwater runoff between pre- and post-development activities.

2.7.2 Implement a stormwater management plan that results in treat-ment systems designed according to the NC DENR Water Quality Divi-sion Best Management Practices.

Technologies and strategies:Significantly reduce impervious surfaces, maximize on-site stormwaterinfiltration, and retain pervious and vegetated areas. Capture rainwaterfrom impervious areas of the building for groundwater recharge orreuse within building. Use green/vegetated roofs. Use biologically-basedand innovative stormwater management features for pollutant load re-duction such as constructed wetlands, stormwater filtering systems,bioswales, bio-retention basins, and vegetated filterstrips. Set maximumand minimum parking requirements for facility use.

Deliverables:For sites with 50% or less net imperviousness, provide pre-constructionsite drawings. Include area calculations demonstrating no increase in netimperviousness of the site. (2.7.1)ORFor sites with greater than 50% net imperviousness, provide a copy ofthe stormwater management plan. Include calculations describing howthe measures of the plan decrease net imperviousness of the site by 25%over existing conditions. (2.7.1)Provide drawings and specifications describing NC DENR Water Qual-ity Division Best Management Practices. (2.7.2)Provide calculations to demonstrate that the NC DENR Water QualityDivision Best Management Practices have been met. (2.7.2)

(1 Point)

(1 Point)

Guidelines


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15G

Eckerd DrugsDurham, North Carolina

Highlighted Techology: Stormwater Management System

Owner/Contact: Eckerd Drugs/JDH Capital (management firm)

Telephone: (704) 357-1220 x 209

Technical Strategies: Sand filters are a two-tiered system used to remove solids andreduce pollutants as stormwater exits developed areas. The firstchamber removes debris while the second chamber, which isthe sand filter, removes pollutants from the stormwater. Main-tenance includes removal of the top one to three inch layer ofsand once the filter is clogged. Removal rates are around 80%for TSS and 60% for phosphorous.

To obtain maximum efficiency of the sand filter, the followingstrategies should be employed:

1. Place the filter near the area to be controlled.

2. Only runoff from impervious areas should enter the sand fil-ter to reduce the maintenance interval.

3. Generally, each chamber of the sand filter should have a surface area of 360 square feet per acre of runoff.


Guidelines


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Technology Example 2.7 (B)

Highlighted Technology: Stormwater Management


The new EPA campus impacts nearly half of a very small, 500-acre watershed which includes wetlands, a man-madelake, and creeks. As a headwaters location, the campus has been designed with extra care � well beyond currentminimum environmental requirements. As a result, no stormwater will leave the site untreated. Most stormwaterwill pass through natural, vegetative treatment areas � which are, in turn, nourished by this storm runoff and willserve as site amenities.

Curb and gutter systems were removed during design and replaced with less costly and more ecologically-soundapproaches that slow the water flow and direct it through native grasses, flowers, forests, and wetland for treatment,not simply collection and off-site discharge. The paved area of the campus was cut in half by stacking 50% of allparking in decks and redesigning roads from four-lane to two-lane. In all, about 25 acres of mature forest werepreserved.

Wetlands � All existing wetlands were preserved, with the exception of one tenth of an acre at a road crossing. EPAadded a one acre constructed wetland on the site.

Bioretention � Innovative �pocket wetlands,� or bioretention facilities, are used at eleven locations throughout thesite. These deep, porous earth areas are planted with trees and shrubs that thrive in wet and dry conditions, andwhose roots absorb and help break down contaminants from storm runoff.

Water Quality Ponds � Two man-made ponds will help contain and slow the flow of stormwater, and aquatic plantswill aid the process of pollutant reduction and absorption.

Sheet Flow - Roads and parking lots are designed to shed water gently at the shoulders, sending stormflows through grass, wildflowers, woods, water quality ponds, and bioretention facilities before reach-ing lakes and streams.

For more information � http://www.epa.gov/rtp/new-bldg/environmental/environmental.htm

Owner/Contact:

Architect:

Contractor:


US Environmental Protection AgencyTelephone (919) 549-0249


The Clark Construction Group.

Guidelines


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17G

2.8 Heat Islands (1-2 Points)

Intent of requirement:Reduce heat islands (thermal gradient differences between developedand undeveloped areas) to minimize impact on microclimate and humanand wildlife habitat.

Requirement:2.8.1 Provide shade (within 5 years) on at least 30% of non-roof imper-vious surface on the site, including parking lots, walkways, plazas, etc.,OR use light-colored/high-albedo materials (reflectance of at least 0.3)for 30% of the site�s non-roof impervious surfaces, OR place a mini-mum of 50% of parking space underground, OR use open-grid pave-ment system (net impervious area of LESS than 50%) for a minimumof 50% of the parking lot area.

2.8.2 Use EPA Energy Star Roofing Guidelines compliant, high-reflec-tance AND low emissivity roofing (initial reflectance of at least .65 andthree-year-aged reflectance of at least .5 when tested in accordance withASTM E408) for a minimum of 75% of the roof surface; OR install a�green� (vegetated) roof for at least 50% of the roof area.

Technologies and strategies:Employ design strategies, materials, and landscaping designs that reduceheat absorption of exterior materials. Note albedo/reflectance require-ments in the drawings and specifications. Provide shade (calculated onJune 21, noon solar time) using native or climate tolerant trees and largeshrubs, vegetated trellises, or other exterior structures supporting vegeta-tion. Substitute vegetated surfaces for hard surfaces. Explore elimina-tion of blacktop and the use of new coatings and integral colorants forasphalt to achieve light colored surfaces.

Deliverables:Provide absorption rates for impervious surfaces. (2.8.1)Provide drawings highlighting all non-roof impervious surfaces and por-tions of these surfaces that will be shaded within five years. Include calcu-lations demonstrating that a minimum of 30% of non-roof impervioussurface areas will be shaded within five years. (2.8.1)ORProvide specifications and cut sheets for high-albedo materials applied tonon-roof impervious surfaces highlighting the reflectance of the installedmaterials. (2.8.1)

(1 Point)

(1 Point)

Guidelines


Site

Site

18G

Provide drawings and calculations demonstrating that these materials arefurnished and installed on 30% of non-roof impervious surfaces. (2.8.1)ORProvide a parking plan demonstrating that a minimum of 50% of siteparking spaces are located underground. (2.8.1)ORProvide drawings and cut sheet for a pervious paving system with aminimum perviousness of 50%. Include calculations demonstrating thatthis paving system covers a minimum of 50% of the total parking area.(2.8.1)Provide specifications and cut sheets highlighting roofing materials thatare Energy Star labeled, with a minimum initial reflectance of 0.65, anda minimum three-year-aged reflectance of 0.5 and a minimum emissiv-ity of 0.9. Include area calculations demonstrating that the roofing mate-rial covers a minimum of 75% of the total roof area. (2.8.2)ORProvide specifications and cut sheets highlighting a green vegetated roofsystem. Include area calculations demonstrating that the roof systemcovers a minimum of 50% of the total roof area. (2.8.2)

Guidelines


Site

Site

19G

(1 Point)

2.9 Light Pollution (1 Point)

Intent of requirement:Eliminate light trespass from the building site due to artificial lighting atnight or reflected light during the day, improve night sky access, andreduce development impact on nocturnal environments.

Requirement:Do not exceed Illuminating Engineering Society of North America(IESNA) footcandle level requirements as stated in the RecommendedPractice Manual: Lighting for Exterior Environments AND design exte-rior lighting such that the cut-off angle of fixtures does not exceed 45degrees AND design project so as to prevent reflection of light off of astructure and onto another property.

Technologies and strategies:Consult IESNA Recommended Practice Manual: Lighting for ExteriorEnvironments for Commission Internationle de I�Eclairage (CIE) zoneand pre- and post-curfew hour descriptions and associated ambientlighting level requirements. Ambient lighting for pre-curfew hours forCIE zones range between 0.1 footcandles for areas with hard landscapes,such as parks, rural, and residential areas, and 1.5 footcandles for areaswith high ambient brightness such as urban areas with high levels ofnighttime activity. Design site lighting and select lighting styles and tech-nologies to have minimal impact off-site and minimal contribution to skyglow. Minimize lighting of architectural and landscape features.

Deliverables:Provide drawings and specifications that note a requirement for post-occupancy adjustments in order to balance lighting.Provide an exterior lighting design plan highlighting foot-candle contoursand lighting fixtures. Demonstrate that the lighting plan complies withIESNA foot-candle level requirements.Provide drawings that show the cut-off angle of exterior lighting fix-tures does not exceed 45 degrees and provide a design narrative high-lighting measures that prevent reflection of light off of a structure andonto another property.

Guidelines


Site

Site

20G

2.10 Post-commissioning Monitoring (1 Point)

Intent of requirement:Learn whether the sustainable goals established during the design phaseare actually achieved, thereby facilitating improvement over time in theperformance of structures.

Requirement:Produce a post-occupancy water quality management plan AND estab-lish a post-occupancy monitoring schedule for at least five of the follow-ing:1. Stormwater retention.2. Percentage of alternative transportation use by occupants.3. Lighting levels.4. Stream sediments.5. Functionality of downstream culverts.6. Soil erosion.7. Maintenance of trees and landscaping.8. �Unintended Consequences.�

Technologies and strategies:Establish monitoring schedule for items listed and have a feedback loopto initiate change if change is required by the monitoring results.

Deliverables:Provide a post-occupancy water quality management plan.Provide a summary of these Guidelines provisions that will be partof the owner�s manual.

(1 Point)

Guidelines


Wat

er

Water

21G

3.0 Water

3.1 Water Efficient Landscaping (1-2 Points)

Intent of requirement:Limit or eliminate the use of potable water for landscape irrigation.

Requirement:3.1.1 Use high efficiency irrigation technology, OR use captured rain orrecycled site water to reduce potable water (including groundwater) con-sumption for irrigation by 50% over conventional means.

3.1.2 Use only captured rain or recycled site water for an additional 50%reduction (100% total reduction) of potable water (including ground-water) for site irrigation needs, OR do not install permanent landscapeirrigation systems and use drought tolerant plants.

Technologies and strategies:Develop a landscaping water use baseline according to the methodologyoutlined in the LEED Reference Guide. Specify water-efficient, na-tive or adapted, climate tolerant plantings. High efficiency irrigation tech-nologies include micro irrigation, moisture sensors, or weather data basedcontrollers. Feed irrigation systems with captured rainwater, gray water,or on-site treated wastewater. Reuse condensate from air conditioningsystems.

Deliverables:Provide site plan noting native/drought tolerant plants. (3.1.1, 3.1.2)On the site plan, provide calculations for 50% reduction of municipalsupplied water. (3.1.1, 3.1.2)Provide cut sheets for high efficiency irrigation equipment. Include cal-culations demonstrating that potable water consumption for irrigation isreduced by 50%. (3.1.1)ORProvide drawings and a narrative describing the captured rain system orrecycled site water system with the capacity of the system highlighted.Include calculations demonstrating potable water consumption for irri-gation is reduced by 50%. (3.1.1)Provide drawings and a narrative describing the captured rain system orrecycled site water system with the capacity of the system highlighted.Include calculations demonstrating that potable water used for irrigationis reduced by 100%. (3.1.2)ORProvide a design narrative of the landscape design and describe why apermanent landscape irrigation system is not required. (3.1.2)

(1 Point)

(1 Point)

Guidelines


Water

Water

22G


Owner/Contact:



Highlighted Technology: Water Efficient Landscaping

EPA saved on the cost of campus maintenance by minimizing turf and foregoing a lawn sprinkler system.Native or non-invasive adapted species are used throughout the campus � ensuring hardy plantings thatwill withstand the frequent droughts experienced in the Research Triangle area.

These landscaping features will save more than just water. Since the need to mow has been greatlyreduced, there will be significant resource savings and gasoline combustion pollution avoidance. Fertil-izer needs are reduced, and Integrated Pest Management practices will reduce or eliminate the need forpesticides and herbicides.

Native Trees and Shrubs � Landscape plantings of only southeastern US native trees and shrubs are plantedalong the site perimeter to enhance indigenous habitat disturbed during site clearing.

Native Grasses and Wildflowers � Wildflower meadows, comprised of indigenous warm season grassesand naturalized wildflowers, are sowed along most roadways for aesthetic value and wildlife benefit. Sixsuccessive planting stages over a three-year period insure effective establishment and viability. Twice yearly mowingto control volunteer tree growth is expected to be the only long-term maintenance required.

Plant Rescues � Prior to construction, in partnership with the NC Botanical Garden and campus neigh-bors at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, EPA conducted a series of plant rescueoperations. Thousands of native plants, which otherwise would have been bulldozed during site clear-ing, were relocated out of harm�s way.

For more information � www.epa.gov/rtp/new-bldg


Guidelines


Wat

er

Water

23G

3.2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies (1 Point)

Intent of requirement:Reduce generation of wastewater and potable water demand, whileincreasing local aquifer recharge.

Requirement:Reduce the use of municipally provided potable water for building sew-age conveyance by a minimum of 50%, OR treat 100% of wastewateron site to tertiary standards.

Technologies and strategies:Develop a wastewater baseline according to the methodology outlinedin the LEED Reference Guide. Implement decentralized on-site waste-water treatment and reuse systems. Decrease the use of potable waterfor sewage conveyance by using gray and/or black water systems. Non-potable reuse opportunities include toilet flushing, landscape irrigation,etc. Provide advanced wastewater treatment after use by employing in-novative, ecological, on-site technologies including constructed wetlands,a mechanical recirculating sand filter, or aerobic treatment systems.

Deliverables:Provide a narrative of measures implemented to reduce potable watersewage conveyance. Include calculations demonstrating that potable wa-ter sewage conveyance volumes are reduced by 50% over baseline condi-tions.ORProvide drawings, specifications, and a narrative demonstrating that 100%of the building wastewater volume is directed to an on-site wastewatertreatment system that provides treatment to tertiary levels. Include a letterfrom the local health department documenting compliance with localcodes.

(1 Point)

Guidelines


Water

Water

24G

Highlighted Technology: Rainwater Collection and Reuse System

Owner/Contact: Chapel Hill - Carrboro City SchoolsTelephone: (919) 967-8211

Architect: Corley Redfoot Zack, Inc.Kenneth E. Redfoot, AIATelephone: (919) 942-8586

Consultant: Innovative Design, Inc.

Contractor: J.M. Thompson Co.


R.D. and Euzelle P. Smith Middle SchoolChapel Hill, North Carolina


Rainwater will be collected from the roof areas of the build-ing and stored in underground tanks. The harvested rain-water will provide water for the flushing of toilets and theirrigation of one of the athletic fields. It also significantlyreduces the rainwater run-off from the site.

The rainwater collection system begins at the roof. A me-chanically-attached PVC roof membrane was chosen due toits smooth surface. Standard roof drains and leaders lead toan underslab network of pipes converging at the under-ground tanks located below an exterior plaza. The under-ground storage consists of (6) 13,000 gallon precast concretetanks linked together in series with an overflow dischargein case all cells are full. Two submersible pumps are used totransfer the rainwater to the building and to the irrigationpump house. At the building, the rainwater is filtered andchlorinated. The treated water is then pumped to the toi-lets and urinals for flushing only. The water is non-potableand will not be used for cleaning, drinking, or food prepa-ration. Through the use of an exhibit at the exterior plaza,the rainwater collection system will be an educational tooland demonstration in sustainability.

Guidelines


Wat

er

Water

25G


Exploris MuseumRaleigh, North Carolina

Highlighted Technology: The Living Machine

Owner/Contact:

Architect:

Contractor:


County of Wake, Facilities Design & ConstructionTelephone: (919) 856-6356

Clearscapes, P.A. and Esherick, Homsey, Dodge & DavisAssociated Architects

MLB Industries

The living machine at the Exploris Museum is a natural wastewater treatment plant on site. De-signed by Living Technologies of Burlington, Vermont, the system uses natural plant and animal lifeto cleanse wastewater from the public restrooms in the museum.

Through a series of tanks, algae and plant life do the initial breaking down of the waste components.The effluent is sent through a marsh where additional plant life further cleans the water. A UV filteris the next component of the system, and the water is then pumped into an open pond where fishcomplete the process. The resulting water is clean enough from this system to be recycled as irriga-tion for plants throughout the courtyards at the museum.

If there were additional space on the site for a larger system, this process would be capable of cleaningthe wastewater to a potable condition. The Wake County Health Department has been very enthu-siastic regarding this experimental site and the demonstration it can present of alternative ways ofcleaning wastewater and recycling the end product.

Guidelines


Water

Water

26G

(1 Point)

(1 Point)

(1 Point)

(1 Point)

(1 Point)

3.3 Water Use Reduction (1-5 Points)

Intent of requirement: Maximize water efficiency within buildings to reduce the burden on

municipal water supply and wastewater systems. Reduce the burden on wells and aquifers by conserving potable water.

Requirement:3.3.1 Employ strategies that in aggregate use 20% less water than thewater use baseline calculated for the building (not including irrigation)after meeting Energy Policy Act of 1992 fixture performance require-ments.

3.3.2 Exceed the potable water use reduction by an additional 10%(30% total efficiency increase).

3.3.3 Provide 50% of the building�s potable water through treatment ofrecovered rainwater.

3.3.4 Provide 75% of the building�s potable water through treatment ofrecovered rainwater.

3.3.5 Provide 100% of the building�s potable water through treatmentof recovered rainwater.

Technologies and strategies:Develop a water use baseline including all water consuming fixtures, equip-ment, and seasonal conditions according to methodology guidance out-lined in the LEED Reference Guide. Specify water conserving plumb-ing fixtures that exceed Energy Policy Act of 1992 fixture requirementsin combination with ultra high efficiency or dry fixture and control tech-nologies. Specify high water efficiency equipment (dishwashers, laundry,cooling towers, etc). Use alternatives to potable water for sewage trans-port water. Use recycled or storm water for HVAC/process make upwater.

Deliverables:Provide a chart on the plumbing drawings with actual vs. 20% betterwater usage noting code approved fixtures and fittings. (3.3.1)Provide a water budget calculation demonstrating that occupancy basedpotable water consumption is reduced by 20% over baseline conditions.(3.3.1)Provide cut sheets for all water consuming fixtures necessary for theoccupancy use of the building, with water conservation specificationshighlighted. Demonstrate that plumbing fixtures meet or ex-

Guidelines


Wat

er

Water

27G

ceed fixture performance requirements of the Energy Policy Act of 1992.(3.3.1, 3.3.2)Provide a chart on the plumbing drawings with actual vs. 30% betterwater usage noting code approved fixtures and fittings. (3.3.2)Provide a water budget calculation demonstrating that occupancy basedpotable water consumption is reduced by 30% over baseline conditions.(3.3.2)Provide drawings, narrative, and calculations to show that 50% of thebuilding�s potable water is being provided through treatment of recov-ered rainwater. (3.3.3)Provide drawings, narrative, and calculations to show that 75% of thebuilding�s potable water is being provided through treatment of recov-ered rainwater. (3.3.3)Provide drawings, narrative, and calculations to show that 100% of thebuilding�s potable water is being provided through treatment of recov-ered rainwater. (3.3.3)

Guidelines


Water

Water

28G

(1 Point)

3.4 Post-commissioning Monitoring (1 Point)

Intent of requirement:Learn whether the sustainable goals established during the design phaseare actually achieved, thereby facilitating improvement over time in theperformance of structures.

Requirement:Produce a post-occupancy water quality management plan AND estab-lish a post-occupancy monitoring schedule for all of the following:1. Potable water use for landscape irrigation.2. Amount of captured rainwater or other recycled water used for irri-gation per month/per year.3. Potable water used for wastewater treatment.4. Water use within the building.5. Annual and seasonal water use data, including peak demands.

Technologies and strategies:Establish monitoring schedule for items listed and have a feedback loopto initiate change if change is required by the monitoring results.

Deliverables:Provide a post-occupancy water quality management plan and a post-occupancy monitoring schedule.Provide examples of water usage monitoring forms that will be part ofthe owner�s manual.

Guidelines


29G

Energy and Atmosphere

En

ergy

4.0 Energy and Atmosphere

4.1 Minimum Energy Performance (Prerequisite)

Intent of requirement:Establish the minimum level of energy efficiency for the building andsystems.

Requirement:Design to meet building energy efficiency and performance as requiredby the latest version of ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1, the state energy code,or the local energy code, whichever is the more stringent. Analyze ex-pected baseline building performance using the System/ComponentMethod.

Technologies and strategies:Use building modeling and analysis techniques to establish and docu-ment compliance. ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-1999 provides guidance forestablishing building base case development and analysis. Refer to theLEED Reference Guide, as well as state and local requirements, for awide variety of energy efficiency strategy resources.

Deliverables:State whether the energy design process followed ASHRAE/IESNA90.1-1999 or state or local energy codes. If state or local energy codewas applied, demonstrate that the code is equivalent to or more stringentthan ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-1999.Provide a summary table of design features that minimally comply withapplicable mandatory and prescriptive requirements in ASHRAE/IESNA90.1-1999, Section 5-10, or state or local energy codes (whichever isstricter) OR a copy of the Energy Cost Budget Compliance Report.Provide Whole Report (not just summary page) that shows compliancewith both NC Energy Code and ASHRAE 90.1-99 which is to be partof the construction document.

(Prereq.)

Guidelines

Version 1.0High Performance Guidelines: Triangle Region Public Facilities30G


En

ergy

4.2 CFC Reduction in HVAC&R Equipment (Prerequisite)

Intent of requirement:Reduce ozone depletion.

Requirement:Zero use of CFC-based refrigerants in new building HVAC&R systems.When reusing existing building HVAC equipment, complete a compre-hensive CFC phaseout conversion.

Check for other CFC materials/products/systems and make sure that allbuilding materials/products/systems are CFC-free.

Technologies and strategies:Specify only non-CFC-based refrigerants in all base building HVAC&Rsystems. Ensure that all other building materials/products/systems areCFC-free.

Deliverables:For new buildings, provide equipment schedules and cut sheet highlight-ing refrigerant information for all HVAC&R components.ORFor existing buildings, provide a listing of all existing HVAC&R compo-nents and state whether each component uses CFCs. For those compo-nents that use CFCs, provide a copy of the phase-out plan describinghow these components will be converted or removed and replaced withCFC-free components before construction is complete.Provide a narrative stating that all building materials/products/systemsare CFC-free.

(Prereq.)

(Prereq.)

Guidelines

High Performance Guidelines: Triangle Region Public FacilitiesVersion 1.031G


En

ergy

4.3 Optimal Energy Performance (1-10 Points)

Intent of requirement:Achieve increasing levels of energy above the prerequisite standard toreduce environmental impacts associated with excessive energy use andto reduce the use of non-renewable energy.

Requirement:Reduce design energy cost compared to the energy cost budget for regu-lated energy components described in the requirements of the currentASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1, as demonstrated by a whole buildingsimulation using the Energy Cost Budget Method described in Section11 of ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1.

New Bldgs. Existing Bldgs.

20% 10%

30% 20%

40% 30%

50% 40%

60% 50%

Regulated energy components include HVAC systems, building envelope,service hot water systems, lighting, and other regulated systems as de-fined by ASHRAE.

Technologies and strategies:Develop and use building modeling and analysis techniques to establish abase case that meets the minimum prerequisite standard. ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 provides guidance for establishing building base case devel-opment and analysis. Perform interactive energy use analysis for selecteddesign elements that affect energy performance and document compli-ance.

Unit of measure for performance shall be annual energy consumptionexpressed in BTUs per hour per square foot and/or BTUs per squarefoot per year. Refer to the LEED Reference Guide for a wide varietyof energy efficiency resources and strategies, including conservation mea-sures, electromechanical energy efficiency technologies, passive heatingand cooling strategies, and daylighting.

4.3.1

4.3.2

4.3.3

4.3.4

4.3.5

(1 Point)

(2 Points)

(2 Points)

(2 Points)

(3 Points)

Guidelines



En

ergy

Prepare an energy plan that includes the following: an analysis of energyused in similar building types; performance goals for operating energycosts based on the above analysis; performance goals for renewable en-ergy use, as well as possible forms of renewable energy to be used; pro-posed methodology for simulating and analyzing energy performance ofthe building design, including identification of appropriate energy model-ing software; goals for lighting and power density for the project as awhole for all major spaces.

Deliverables:Provide a narrative highlighting energy saving measures incorporated inthe building design, including an isometric of the building showing thebasic floor plate shape and external projections.Demonstrate that the design energy cost is (20% or 30% or 40% or 50%or 60%) lower for new buildings or (10% or 20% or 30% or 40% or50%) lower for existing buildings than the energy cost budget as definedin ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-1999, Section 11. Provide a completed andsigned copy of the Energy Cost Budget (ECB) Compliance Form.Pre-Design:Schematic design energy analysis.Evaluation of alternative massing, orientation, layout, and envelope forabove energy analysis.Heating and cooling load calculations for each alternative.Proposed HVAC system alternatives and related calculations.Identification of regulatory constraints.Design Development:Evaluation of different central plant design alternatives based on architec-tural scheme and power/lighting targets.Evaluation of energy efficiency strategies for controlling temperature,ventilation, lighting and controls, and envelope characteristics.Documentation of assumptions and calculations leading to size recom-mendations for chillers and other equipment.Construction Documents:Revised heating and cooling load calculations, and updating of analysis ofselected energy efficiency measures.Confirm that documents conform to NC Energy Code or local code,whichever is more stringent.

Guidelines



En

ergy

Wakefield High SchoolRaleigh, North Carolina

Highlighted Technology: Ice Storage for Energy Efficiency

Owner/Contact: Wake County Public School SystemTelephone: (919) 856-8292

Architect: Cherry Huffman Associates

Contractor: Barnhill Contractors

Technical Strategies: Ice is manufactured and stored during the night, which assists incooling for the next day. This technique shifts the electricity usageto off-peak times. Additionally, use of ice for cooling meant thatone chiller, which would have otherwise been required, waseliminated, reducing first costs.


Guidelines



En

ergy


Wake County Social Services CenterRaleigh, North Carolina

Highlighted Technologies: Indirect Lighting & Ice Storage

Owner/Contact:

Architect:

Contractor:


County of Wake, Facilities Design & ConstructionTelephone: (919) 856-6356

Cherry Huffman Architects

Donohoe Construction

Completed in 1994, the Wake County Social Services Center was in2000 the most energy efficient building operated by Wake County.It employs several engineering and architectural strategies for energyconservation. Each side of the building (except north) uses shadingstructures to maximize daylighting and minimize heat gain. All theglazing is tinted and low-e coated. The artificial lighting indoors ismostly indirect and uses only 1.1 watts per square foot. Interior light-ing is controlled with low voltagecontrols and motion sensors so that lights are only used when roomsare occupied.

The cooling system uses an ice harvester where ice is made duringthe off-peak times, mostly at night. During the primary demand timesthe stored ice is used for cooling the building.

Guidelines



En

ergy

Technology Example 4.3 (C)

Owner/Contact:

Architect:

Contractor:



Highlighted Technology: Optimal Energy Performance



The Clark Construction Group, Inc.

EPA�s new campus was built on a limited construction budget � benchmarked at a cost that is average forresearch and development campuses. The opportunity to invest large sums in energy systems was thereforelimited, and state-of-the art energy performance had to be achieved without extraordinary expense.

The integrated design considers all aspects of building energy use � light, heat, cooling and ventilation � andcombines systems to optimize performance. Windows, walls, and roofs are designed to work in concert withheating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems; laboratory fume hoods; and lights to provide anoverall 42% reduction in energy use compared to typical laboratory/office facilities.

Lights � Motion sensors and daylight dimmers ensure that lights operate only on demand. High-efficiencyelectronic ballasts and low-energy T-8 lamps cut electricity use and lower the heat load of the building.

Building Envelope � A highly-reflective, white membrane roof (albedo of 78% and emissivity of 90%) reducessolar heat gain. High performance, spectrally-selective, Low-e glass is used throughout the facility to promotedaylighting while minimizing heat loss and gain.

Mechanical Systems � High efficiency boilers and chillers provide high-temperature and chilled water to thebuilding HVAC system. Variable speed pumps and fans adjust their energy consumption to meet only theactual demands. A direct-digital-control (DDC) building automation system employs thousands of sensorsthroughout the facility to balance temperature and humidity � eliminating hot and cold spots and constantlyoptimizing energy performance.

Air Supply � Variable air volume controls manage air flow and reduce energy use. Outside air economizers useoutdoor air in lieu of conditioned air when the weather provides appropriate temperature and humidity.

Labs � For safety reasons, laboratory air is never recirculated, and the �one-pass� system for EPA�s 400 labsconsumes about one million cubic feet of conditioned air every minute. To cut down on this tremendous airflow while still ensuring worker safety, the labs have been designed with special exhaust hoods and night set-backfeatures that cut total air consumption by 50%.


Guidelines



En

ergy

4.4 Renewable Energy (2-6 Points)

Intent of requirement:Encourage and recognize increasing levels of self-supply/grid supplythrough renewable technologies and use of renewable fuels to reduceenvironmental impacts associated with fossil fuel use.

Requirement:Supply a net fraction of the building�s total energy use, as expressed as afraction of annual energy consumption, through the use of on-site re-newable energy systems.

% of Total Energy Consumption in Renewables

5%

10%

20%

Technologies and strategies:Employ the use of on-site non-polluting-source renewable technologiescontributing to the total energy requirements of the project. Considerand use high temperature solar and/or geothermal, wind, biomass (otherthan unsustainably harvested wood), and biogas. Passive solar, ground-source heat pumps, and daylighting do not qualify for points under thiscredit.

Deliverables:Provide drawings, cut sheets, and specifications highlighting on-site re-newable energy systems installed in the building. (4.4.1, 4.4.2, 4.4.3)Provide narrative and associated drawings to explain the renewablesystems to be used in the owner�s manual. (4.4.1, 4.4.2, 4.4.3)Provide calculations demonstrating that 5% of total energy consump-tion is supplied by on-site renewable energy systems. (4.4.1)Provide calculations demonstrating that 10% of total energy is suppliedby on-site renewable energy systems. (4.4.2)Provide calculations demonstrating that 20% of total energy cost is sup-plied by on-site renewable energy systems. (4.4.3)

4.4.1

4.4.2

4.4.3

(2 Points)

(2 Points)

(2 Points)

Guidelines



En

ergy

Owner/Contact: Chapel Hill - Carrboro City Schools

Telephone: (919) 967-8211

Architect: Corley Redfoot Zack, Inc.Kenneth E. Redfoot, AIA121 S. Estes DriveChapel Hill, NC 27514Telephone: (919) 942-8586

Consultant: Innovative Design, Inc.


Technical Strategies: The solar water pre-heating system is designed to use the sun�s energy topreheat the domestic water prior to its final heating for cleaning andfood preparation use. This preheating of the water will reduce theconventional fuel usage by the school. The panels are located on thedaylighting roof monitors above the cafeteria due to its orientation tothe sun and due to its proximity to the main mechanical room. The solarwater pre-heating system will be an educational tool demonstratingsustainability.



Highlighted Technology: Solar Water Pre-Heating System

Guidelines



En

ergy


US EPA National Computer CenterResearch Triangle Park, North Carolina

Highlighted Technology: Renewable Energy


O�Brien/Atkins

Beers/Davidson & Jones Group

EPA�s new National Computer Center, part of the EPA Campus atResearch Triangle Park, will have a solar roof.

A 100 kilowatt photovoltaic roof will provide power directly to thebuilding. Since the building houses large mainframe computers andsupercomputers, the demand will exceed the power provided by thesolar cells, and the building will also be connected to the grid. But thesolar roof is a significant source of power, and will significantly re-duce the grid power demand.

In addition to power generation, this flat-profile system lies on insu-lating panels and provides an added layer of thermal protection for thebuilding.


Owner/Contact

Architect

Contractor

Technical Strategies

Guidelines



En

ergy

(1 Point)

4.5 Elimination of HCFCs and Halons (1 Point)

Intent of requirement:Reduce ozone depletion and support early compliance with the MontrealProtocol, the international agreement regarding phasing out the produc-tion and consumption of compounds that deplete ozone in the strato-sphere.

Requirement:Install base building level HVAC and refrigeration equipment and firesuppression systems that do not contain HCFCs or halon. When reusingexisting base building HVAC equipment, complete a comprehensive CFCphase-out conversion.

Technologies and strategies:Use base building HVAC and refrigeration systems that use non-ozonedamaging liquids for the refrigeration cycle. Refer to the LEED Ref-erence Guide for qualifying alternatives.

Deliverables:Provide a letter from the architect or engineer stating that HVAC&Rsystems are free of HCFCs and halon. Include equipment schedules andcut sheets highlighting refrigerant information for all HVAC&R systemcomponents.Provide cut sheets and equipment specifications for HCFC/halon-freesuppression systems.

Guidelines



En

ergy

4.6 Measurement and Verification (1-3 Points)

Intent of requirement:Provide for the ongoing accountability and optimization of building en-ergy and water consumption performance over time.

Requirement:4.6.1 Train staff to ensure system operates as designed.

4.6.2 Establish an energy management plan with a goal of annual verification and documentation of systems performance.

4.6.3 Comply with the installed equipment requirements for con-tinuous metering as stated in Option B: Methods by Technology of theUS Department of Energy�s International Performance Measure-ment and Verification Protocol (IPMVP) for the following:• Lighting systems and controls.• Constant and variable motor loads.• Variable frequency drive (VFD) operation.• Chiller efficiency at variable loads (kW/ton).• Cooling load.• Air and water economizer and heat recovery cycles.• Air distribution static pressures and ventilation air volumes.• Boiler efficiencies.• Building specific process energy efficiency systems and equipment.• Indoor water risers and outdoor irrigation systems.

Technologies and strategies:Design and specify equipment to be installed in base building systems toallow for comparison, management, and optimization of actual versusestimated energy and water performance. Employ building automationsystems to perform measurement and verification functions where appli-cable. Tie contractor final payments to documented measurement andverification system performance and include in the quality managementreport. Provide for ongoing measurement and verification system main-tenance and operating plan in building operations and maintenance manuals.Refer to the LEED Reference Guide for a synopsis of IPMVP op-tions.

Deliverables:Provide a copy of the staff training manual for system operations. (4.6.1)Provide an Energy Management Plan. (4.6.2.)

(1 Point)

(1 Point)

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En

ergy

Provide an International Performance Measure and Verification Protocol re-port that highlights the monitoring and verification process. (4.6.3)Provide cut sheets of sensors and the data collection system used to providecontinuous metering per IPMVP standards. (4.6.3)Provide a summary schedule of the instrumentation and controls of the tenrequired monitoring categories, highlighting the input/output data points to becollected. (4.6.3)Provide specifications for building automation system and/or metering/moni-toring devices. (4.6.3)

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4.7 Green Power (1-2 Points)

Intent of Requirement:Encourage the development and use of grid-source, renewable energytechnologies on a net zero pollution basis.

Requirement:4.7.1 Buy, through grid systems, power with a minimum of 25% energythat originates from solar, wind, geothermal, biomass or low-impacthydro sources. Low-impact hydro shall comply with the Low ImpactHydropower Certification Program.

4.7.2 Engage in a two-year contract to purchase power generated fromrenewable sources that meet the Center for Resource Solutions Green-Erequirements.ORGenerate, from renewable, nonpolluting sources, power on site and trans-fer power not consumed to the grid for credit or reimbursement. Totalpower transferred must exceed 10% of the site�s total yearly power con-sumption.

Technologies and strategies:Purchase power from a provider that guarantees a fraction of its deliv-ered electric power is from net nonpolluting renewable technologies. Beginby contacting local utility companies. If the state becomes an open mar-ket state, investigate Green Power and Power Marketers licensed to pro-vide power in the state. Grid power that qualifies for this credit origi-nates from solar, wind, geothermal, biomass or low-impact hydro sources.Low-impact hydro shall comply with the Low Impact HydropowerCertification Program.

Deliverables:Provide a copy of the grid systems purchase contract. (4.7.1)Provide documentation demonstrating that any hydro source com-plies with the Low Impact Hydropower Certification Program.(4.7.1)Provide a copy of the two-year electric utility purchase contract forpower generated from renewable sources. (4.7.2)Provide documentation demonstrating that the supplied renewablepower meets the referenced Green-E requirements. (4.7.2)Provide calculations for energy generation and provide calculationsto show power transferred exceeding 10% of the site�s total yearlypower consumption. (4.7.3)

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Materials and Resources

(Prereq.)

5.0 Materials and Resources

5.1 Storage and Collection of Recyclables (Prerequisite)

Intent of requirement:Facilitate the reduction of waste generated by building occupants that ishauled to and disposed of in landfills.

Requirement:Identify the types of marketable recyclable waste likely to be generatedby the building�s occupants. Provide an easily accessible area that servesthe entire building that is dedicated to the separation, collection, and stor-age of these recyclable materials.

Technologies and strategies:Reserve space for recycling functions early in the building occupancy pro-gramming process and show areas dedicated to collection of recycledmaterials on space utilization plans. Recycling space should allow for col-lection and storage of the required elements, including both wet organicwaste (food and soiled paper) and dry waste. Provide facilities that areeasily accessible to custodial staff and recycling collection workers. Con-sider bin designs that allow for easy cleaning to avoid health issues. Workwith the local solid waste department (and fire department, if relevant)and the state Solid Waste Section and Division of Pollution Preventionand Environmental Assistance regarding recyclables and strategies for re-covery. Design space that is flexible enough to accommodate recyclablesthat may have future markets. Review building codes regarding hazard-ous and moderately hazardous materials handling.

Deliverables:Provide drawings highlighting locations for collection and storage ofmaterials separated for recycling. Indicate the path from recycling loca-tions to the building loading dock and demonstrate that the recycling areacan handle the recycling material volumes generated by building occu-pants.

Guidelines


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Materials


5.2 Building Reuse (1-3 Points)

Intent of requirement:Extend the life cycle of existing building stock, conserve resources, retaincultural resources, reduce waste, and reduce environmental impacts of newbuildings as they relate to materials manufacturing and transport.

Requirement:5.2.1 Maintain at least 75% of existing building structure and shell (exteriorskin and framing, excluding window assemblies and roof assemblies).

5.2.2 Maintain an additional 25% (100% total) of existing building struc-ture and shell (exterior skin and framing, excluding window assembliesand roof assemblies).

5.2.3 Maintain 100% of existing building structure and shell AND 50%of the interior walls and flooring.

Technologies and strategies:Evaluate retention of existing structure. Consider façade preservation.During programming and space planning, consider adjusting needs andoccupant use patterns to fit within existing building structure and interiorpartition configurations. Identify and effectively address energy, struc-tural, and indoor environmental (lead and asbestos) issues in building reuseplanning and deconstruction documents. Percentage of reused non-shellbuilding portions will be calculated as the total area (s.f.) of reused wallsand flooring, divided by the existing total area (s.f.) of walls and flooring.

Deliverables:Provide a facility reuse feasibility study by owner. (5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.2.3)Provide a demolition plan. (5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.2.3)Provide �before� and �after� photos. (5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.2.3)Provide a historic certificate (if applicable). (5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.2.3)Provide pre-construction and post-construction plan and elevation draw-ings highlighting reused structure and shell elements. Include calculationsdemonstrating that 75% of the structure and shell was reused. (5.2.1)Provide pre-construction and post-construction plan and elevation draw-ings highlighting reused structure and shell elements. Include calculationsdemonstrating that 100% of the structure and shell was reused. (5.2.2)Provide pre-construction and post-construction drawings highlighting re-used structure and shell and interior walls and flooring. Include calcula-tions demonstrating that 100% of the existing building structure was main-tained and that 50% of the interior walls and flooring were maintained.(5.2.3)

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Highlighted Technology: Building Reuse


Architect: Pearce, Brinkley, Cease & Lee


Technical Strategies: Adaptation of an existing office/manufacturing facilityenabled the Wake County Public School System toquickly provide a new school in a fast growing part ofthe county. Instead of the normal construction dura-tion of 1 to 1½ years, the school was able to be occu-pied within five months.

Lufkin Road Middle SchoolApex, North Carolina


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5.3 Construction Waste Management (1-5 Points)

Intent of requirement:Divert construction, demolition, and land clearing debris from landfilldisposal. Redirect recyclable material back to the manufacturing processand other uses. Consider design approaches to reduce the potential togenerate construction waste.

Requirement:5.3.1 Develop a design process checklist to include issues that need to becovered during the design and construction of a facility to reduce con-struction waste.

5.3.2 Develop and follow a construction waste management plan andestablish at a minimum the following waste reduction areas on a con-struction site:

a. Reuse area.b. Recycling area with separate dumpsters for material separation.c. Designated lunch area for contractors with recycling bins for

aluminum cans, plastic soda bottles, etc.

5.3.3 Recycle and/or salvage at least 75% (by weight or volume) ofgrading and land clearing debris.

5.3.4 Recycle and/or salvage at least 50% (by weight or volume) ofconstruction and demolition debris.

5.3.5 Recycle and/or salvage an additional 25% (75% total by weight orvolume) of the construction and demolition debris.

Technologies and strategies:Prior to construction, develop and specify a waste management planthat identifies licensed haulers and processors of recyclables; identi-fies markets for salvaged materials; employs deconstruction, salvage,and recycling strategies and processes; includes waste auditing; anddocuments the cost for recycling, salvaging, and reusing materials.Include in the plan periodic reporting on progress toward plan goals.Source reduction on the job site should be an integral part of theplan by using such practices as creating land berms from stumps, on-site mulching of trees that have been cleared/cut, and minimizingland clearing.

The plan should address recycling of corrugated cardboard, metals, con-crete brick, asphalt, land clearing debris (if applicable), beverage contain-

(1 Point)

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ers, clean dimensional wood, plastic, glass, gypsum board, and car-pet, and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of recycling rigid insulation,engineered wood products, and other materials. At thepreconstruction conference for the project, coordinate and refer-ence this requirement, which should be written into General Condi-tions of the project specifications.

Refer to the LEED Reference Guide for guidelines and references thatprovide waste management plan development and implementation sup-port, including model bid specifications. Consider bidding directly tocontractors specializing in demolition, deconstruction, recycling, and/orsalvage.

Deliverables:Provide a copy of the design process checklist for construction and demo-lition waste reduction. (5.3.1)Provide a copy of the Waste Management Plan for the project, highlight-ing recycling and salvage requirements. (5.3.2)Provide relevant specifications and calculations on end-of-project recy-cling rates, salvage rates, and landfill rates demonstrating that 75% ofgrading and land clearing debris was recycled and/or salvaged. (5.3.3)Provide relevant specifications and calculations on end-of-project recy-cling rates, salvage rates, and landfill rates demonstrating that 50% ofconstruction wastes were recycled or salvaged. (5.3.4)Provide relevant specifications and calculations on end-of-project recy-cling rates, salvage rates, and landfill rates demonstrating that 75% ofconstruction wastes were recycled or salvaged. (5.3.5)

Guidelines


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Materials



Highlighted Technology: Construction Waste Management Plan

Owner/Contact: US Environmental Protection Agency

Telephone: (919) 541-0249

Contractor: The Clark Construction Group, Inc.

Technical Strategies: The design /build contractor implemented a written ConstructionWaste Management Plan to effectively and economically collect, seg-regate, and dispose of all construction wastes and debris generated inthe construction of the project. Concentrated efforts were made toavoid contamination and maximize the recyclability and salvageabil-ity of materials on site. Records were maintained to track progressand verify the quantity of materials handled on a monthly basis. Thegoal was to recycle 75%, by weight, of total construction waste. Re-cycling requirements were included in all subcontract agreements.The commitment by the entire construction team -- the prime con-tractor and subcontractors, the local waste hauler, the constructionmanager, and the Government -- resulted in an overall recycling rateof 80%. A total of over 20 million pounds of waste was diverted fromlandfills.


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5.4 Resource Reuse (1-3 Points)

Intent of requirement:Reuse targeted building materials, reducing environmental impacts related tomaterials manufacturing and transport.

Requirement:5.4.1 Specify salvaged or refurbished materials for 2% of building materials,excluding furniture, fixtures, and equipment.

5.4.2 Specify salvaged or refurbished materials for 5% of building materials,excluding furniture, fixtures, and equipment.

5.4.3 Specify salvaged or refurbished materials for 10% of furniture, fixtures,and equipment.

Technologies and strategies:Commonly salvaged building materials include wood flooring/paneling/cabi-nets, auditorium seating, toilet partitions, light fixtures, doors and frames, man-tels, iron work and decorative lighting fixtures, brick, masonry, and heavy tim-bers. See the LEED Reference Guide for calculation tools and guidelines.Determine percentages in terms of dollar value using the following steps:

a. Calculate total dollars* (see exclusions) of the salvaged or refurbishedmaterials.b. Calculate total dollars (see exclusions) of all building materials for firsttwo points of credit OR furniture, fixtures, and equipment for thirdpoint of credit.c. Divide Step 1 by Step 2 to determine the percentage.

Exclusions: In total dollar calculations, exclude labor costs, all mechanical andelectrical material and labor costs, and project overhead and fees.*If the cost of the salvaged or refurbished material is below market value, use replacement cost toestimate the material value, otherwise use actual cost to the project.

Deliverables:Provide specifications, contractor submittals, and purchase orders highlighting sal-vaged and refurbished materials used on the project. (5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.4.3)Provide calculations demonstrating that 2% of building materials were salvaged.Include the origin and cost for salvaged materials and the total cost for buildingmaterials. (5.4.1)Provide calculations demonstrating that 5% of building materials were salvaged.Include the origin and cost for salvaged materials and the total cost for buildingmaterials. (5.4.2)Provide calculations demonstrating that 10% of furniture, fixtures, and equip-ment were salvaged. Include the origin and cost for salvaged materials and thetotal cost for furniture, fixtures, and equipment. (5.4.3)

(1 Point)

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(1 Point)

(1 Point)

5.5 Recycled Content (1-2 Points)

Intent of requirement:Increase demand for building and site development products that haveincorporated recycled content material, reducing the impacts resultingfrom extraction of new material.

Requirement:5.5.1 Specify a minimum of 25% of building and site developmentmaterials that contain in aggregate a minimum weighted average of 20%post-consumer recycled content material, OR a minimum weighted av-erage of 40% post-industrial recycled content material.

5.5.2 Specify an additional 25% (50% total) of building and site develop-ment materials that contain in aggregate a minimum weighted average of20% post-consumer recycled content material, OR a minimum weightedaverage of 40% post-industrial recycled content material.

Technologies and strategies:Specify building and site development materials containing recycled con-tent for a fraction of total building and site development materials. Com-mon building and site development materials and products with recycledcontent include wall, partition, and ceiling materials and systems; insula-tion; tiles and carpets; cement, concrete, and reinforcing metals; and struc-tural and framing steel. Common site development materials and prod-ucts with recycled content include parking lot bumpers, asphalt, and sitefurnishings. See the LEED Reference Guide for a summary of theEPA guidelines and calculation methodology guidelines. Determine per-centages in terms of dollar value using the following steps:

1. Calculate total dollars (see exclusions) of the material thatcontains recycled content.

2. Calculate total dollars (see exclusions) of all building and sitedevelopment materials.

3. Divide Step 1 by Step 2 to determine the percentage.Exclusions: Labor costs; all mechanical and electrical materialand labor costs; project overhead and fees.

Deliverables:Provide specification and contractor submittals highlighting recycled con-tent building and site development materials installed. (5.5.1, 5.5.2)Provide a spreadsheet of all materials used on the project highlightingrecycled content materials. Include the percentage of post-consumer andpost-industrial recycled content from all recycled content materials forthe project. Provide calculations demonstrating that 25% of building

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and site development materials have the required 20% post-consumerrecycled content OR a minimum weighted average of 40% post-indus-trial recycled content. (5.5.1)Provide a spreadsheet of all materials used on the project highlightingrecycled content materials. Include the percentage of post-consumer andpost-industrial recycled content from all recycled content materials andthe costs of all materials for the project. Provide calculations demon-strating that 50% of building and site development materials have therequired 20% post-consumer recycled content OR a minimum weightedaverage of 40% post-industrial recycled content. (5.5.2)

Guidelines


52G

Materials


Highlighted Technology: Recycled Materials in Highway Construction

Owner/Contact: North Carolina Department of TransportationTelephone: (919) 250-4128


On one section of Interstate 540, known as the Raleigh Outer Loop, the N.C. Department of Transportation (NCDOT) hasshowcased the use of recycled materials it has pioneered since 1991.TiresNineteen tons of tire chips (about 1,900 tires) were tilled into a portion of the soil along the embankments. Tire chips serveas an excellent aerator for young plants and are a much cheaper fill than pure soil. In addition, the weed mats under theguardrails were manufactured from tire chips.PlasticsRecycled plastic has been used in this project in several ways. The guardrail offset blocks�the blocks that are inserted betweenthe steel guardrails and the support posts behind them�are made from recycled plastic. Offsetting the rail from the supportposts with a plastic block stabilizes the guardrail and also helps minimize the damage inflicted to cars that may bump againstit. Plastic delineator�the flexible guideposts that help direct traffic�and temporary slope embankment pipes from plasticwere also used in the project.Post-Industrial Asphalt ShinglesNearly 700 tons of shingles��seconds� left over from the manufacturing process�have been mixed into the asphalt on asection of the Outer Loop project. These shingles make an excellent blending medium for asphalt, producing a drivingsurface that is attractive and durable.Municipal SludgeThe City of Raleigh donated 260 tons of municipal sludge to use in place of agricultural limestone fertilizer on the OuterLoop project. The sludge, which was spread along the embankments, will provide a nutrient-rich base for landscaping.Coal Fly AshA mixture of concrete and coal fly ash was used to fill the inner core of the sign posts on the project. Local power companiesdonated the coal fly ash, a by-product of the coal burning.Clearing and Grubbing DebrisThe NCDOT also established a �no burn policy.� This requires contractors to dispose of the waste generated during clearingand grubbing in a way that does not harm the environment. Instead of burning waste, contractors either mulch the materialand sell it to outside agencies or find a way to reuse it in other construction projects.

I-540Raleigh, North Carolina


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Materials and ResourcesTechnology Example 5.5 (B)

Through extensive product research, the designers for the EPA project learned the average recycledcontent available in the market for each major building material to be used in the construction of theproject. These results were incorporated into the construction contract specifications as theRequired Minimum Recycled Content of Materials, which were met or exceeded in every case.


Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum

Owner/Contact:

Architect:


Material or Product Recommended Recycle Content

Asphaltic Concrete Paving 25% by weightReinforcing Steel in Concrete 60% recycled scrap steelReinforcing Bars in Precast Concrete 60% recycled steelConcrete Unit Masonry 50% recycled contentReinforcing Bars in Concrete Unit Masonry 60% recycled steelFraming steel 30% recycled steelFiberglass batt insulation 20% recycled glass culletFiberglass board insulation 20% recycled glass culletMineral wool insulation 75% recycled material (slag)Mineral wool fire safing insulation 75% recycled material by weight (slag)Gypsum board 10% recycled or synthetic gypsumFacing paper of Gypsum Board 100% recycled newsprint including post

consumer wasteMineral Fiber Sound Attenuation Blankets 75% recovered material by weight (slag)Steel studs, runners, and channels 60% recycled steelAcoustic Panel Ceilings 60% recycled material by weightCeiling Suspension Systems 60% recycled materialRubber floor tiles 90-100% recycled materialsHydromulch 100% recovered materialsStructural fiberboard 80-100% recycled content

Highlighted Technology: Recycled Materials



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5.6 Local/Regional Materials (1-2 Points)

Intent of requirement:Increase demand for building and site development products that are manufac-tured locally, reducing the environmental impacts resulting from transportationand supporting the local economy.

Requirement:5.6.1 Specify a minimum of 20% of building and site development materialsthat are manufactured regionally within a radius of 500 miles.

5.6.2 Of these regionally manufactured materials, specify a minimum of 50%that are extracted, harvested, or recovered within 500 miles.

Technologies and strategies:Specify and install regionally extracted, harvested, and manufactured buildingand site development materials. Locally manufactured building and site develop-ment materials include brick, wood products, cast-in-place concrete, plant mate-rials, and hardscape. Contact the local solid waste departments and the stateDivision of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance for informationabout regional building and site development materials. See the LEED Ref-erence Guide for calculation methodology guidelines. Determine percentages interms of dollar value using the following steps:1. Calculate total dollars (see exclusions) of material that is locally or regionally

manufactured.2. Calculate total dollar (see exclusions) of all building and site development

materials.3. Divide Step 1 by Step 2 to determine the percentage.Exclusions: Labor costs; all mechanical and electrical material and labor costs;project overhead and fees.

Deliverables:Provide specifications and contractor submittals highlighting local/regional build-ing and site development materials. (5.6.1, 5.6.2)Provide a spreadsheet of all materials used on the project highlighting regionallymanufactured materials. Include the location of the material manufacturer, thedistance from the manufacturer to the project site, the costs of all materials forthe project, and calculations demonstrating that 20% of building and site devel-opment materials are manufactured within 500 miles of the project. (5.6.1)Provide a spreadsheet of all materials used on the project highlighting regionallymanufactured materials. Include the location of the material manufacturer, thedistance from the manufacturer to the project site, the costs of all materials forthe project, and calculations demonstrating that 50% of building and site devel-opment materials are extracted, harvested, or recovered within 500 miles of theproject. (5.6.2)

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Materials and ResourcesTechnology Example 5.6 (A)


Highlighted Technology: On-site Concrete Manufacturing




Because of the massive amount of concrete needed to build this onemillion square foot facility, the impact of trucking concrete in fromlocal batch plants would have been very costly. The negative impacton roads and air quality would have been quite significant, as well,since delivering all this concert from the nearest concrete plant wouldhave required at least 75,000 miles of truck trips.

A concrete batch plant was placed in an area already cleared for anEPA parking lot, so no additional land was disturbed. No concretetransport was made beyond the confines of the site � preventing thecombustion of at least 10,000 gallons of diesel fuel.

On-site mixer truck wastes were reclaimed at the batch plant and re-covered aggregates were reused later concrete batches. Wash waterwas contained on-site in a closed loop system. The on-site batchingwas a zero waste operation.

For more information � http://www.epa.gov/rtp/new-bldg/environ-mental/environmental.htm

Owner/Contact:

Architect:

Contractor:


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(1 Point)

5.7 Rapidly Renewable Materials (1 Point)

Intent of requirement:Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw and long cycle renewable mate-rials by replacing them with rapidly renewable materials.

Requirement:Specify rapidly renewable building materials (for example, cork, bamboo)for 2% of total building materials.

Technologies and strategies:Rapidly renewable resources are those materials that substantially replenishthemselves faster than traditional extraction demand (e.g. planted and har-vested in less than a ten-year cycle), do not result in significant biodiversityloss or increased erosion or negative air quality impacts, and are sustainablymanaged. See the LEED Reference Guide for calculation methodologyguidelines. Determine percentages in terms of dollar value using the fol-lowing steps:1. Calculate total dollars (see exclusions) of materials that are considered

to be rapidly renewable.2. Calculate total dollars (see exclusions) of all building materials.3. Divide Step 1 by Step 2 to determine the percentage.Exclusions: Labor costs; all mechanical and electrical material and laborcosts; project overhead and fees.

Deliverables:Provide specifications and contractor submittals highlighting rapidly renew-able materials installed.Provide a spreadsheet of all materials used on the project highlighting rap-idly renewable materials. Include manufacturer information, the cost of allmaterials for the project, and calculations demonstrating that 2% of build-ing materials are rapidly renewable.

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(1 Point)

5.8 Certified Wood (1-2 Points)

Intent of requirement:Encourage environmentally responsible forest management practices andreduce the use and depletion of forests.

Requirement:5.8.1 Of wood-based materials, use a minimum of 10% that are certi-fied in accordance with the Forest Stewardship Council guidelines forwood building components, including but not limited to framing, floor-ing, finishes, furnishings and non-rented temporary construction applica-tions such as bracing, concrete form work, and pedestrian barriers.

5.8.2 Of wood-based materials, use an additional 40% (total 50%) thatare certified in accordance with the Forest Stewardship Council guide-lines for wood building components, including but not limited to fram-ing, flooring, finishes, furnishings, and non-rented temporary construc-tion applications such as bracing, concrete form work, and pedestrianbarriers.

Technologies and strategies:Refer to the Forest Stewardship Council guidelines for wood buildingcomponents that qualify for compliance with the requirements and in-corporate into material selection for the project.

Deliverables:Provide specifications and contractor submittals highlighting certifiedwood-based materials installed. (5.8.1, 5.8.2)Provide a spreadsheet of all wood-based materials used on the projecthighlighting certified wood-based materials. (5.8.1, 5.8.2)Provide wood certification documentation from the manufacturer de-claring conformance with Forest Stewardship Council Guidelines forcertified wood building components. (5.8.1, 5.8.2)Provide calculations demonstrating that a minimum of 10% of wood-based materials are certified wood, according to Forest StewardshipGuidelines. (5.8.1)Provide calculations demonstrating that a minimum of 50% of wood-based materials are certified wood, according to Forest StewardshipGuidelines. (5.8.2)

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5.9 Durable Materials (1-2 Points)

Intent of requirement:Encourage the use of materials with a low embodied energy and lowresource depletion throughout the life of the material, including manu-facture, maintenance, and replacement over the lifespan of the building.

Requirement:5.9.1 Do an environmental life cycle analysis for two of the following:(1) Roofing system.(2) Thermal envelope.(3) Structural system.(4) Finishes.(5) Furniture, fixtures, and equipment.

5.9.2 Do an environmental life cycle analysis for an additional two of theforegoing.

Technologies and strategies:Environmental life cycle analysis of materials used in construction mustinclude resource depletion, manufacturing pollution and/or byproducts,embodied energy, installation materials and costs, maintenance costs andmaterials, life expectancy, and end-of-use disposition. Develop a datacollection form that records how and where materials are manufacturedand transported, costs of installation, maintenance of life expectancy,and after-use disposition. Through the US Green Building Council orsimilar agency, maintain a ready database of these forms as the data iscollected.

Deliverables:Provide life cycle analysis documents. (5.9.1, 5.9.2)

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Indoor Environment

Highlighted Technology: Durable Materials


Architect: Owen F. Smith, AIA

Technical Strategies: Extensive use of durable materials, particularlyterrazzo and high-quality carpet, has resulted in mini-mal maintenance costs over the years. Most of thecarpet is original, and at 25+ years it is still attractiveand serviceable.

Lynn Road Elementary SchoolRaleigh, North Carolina


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6.0 Indoor Environment

6.1 Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance (Prerequisite)

Intent of requirement:Establish minimum Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) performance to preventthe development of indoor air quality problems in buildings, maintainingthe health and well-being of the occupants.

Requirement:Meet the minimum requirements of voluntary consensus standardASHRAE 62-1999, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality andapproved Addenda.

Install CO monitoring system in all facilities in which generation of CO isexpected.

Technologies and strategies:Include proactive design details that will eliminate some of the commoncauses of indoor air quality problems in buildings. Introduce standardsinto the design process early. Incorporate references to targets in plansand specifications. Ensure ventilation system outdoor air capacity canmeet standards in all modes of operation. Locate building outdoor airintakes away from loading areas, building exhaust fans, cooling towers,and other sources of contamination. Include operational testing in thebuilding commissioning report or basic quality management plan andreport. Design cooling coil drain pans to ensure complete draining.

Deliverables:Provide a letter from the mechanical engineer stating compliancewith ASHRAE 62-1999.Provide documentation showing the ASHRAE 62-1999 procedureis employed in the Indoor Air Quality analysis (Ventilation RateProcedure or Indoor Air Quality Procedure) and include design cri-teria and assumptions.Provide plans and specifications for CO monitoring system.

(Prereq.)

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6.2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control (Prerequisite)

Intent of requirement:Prevent exposure of building occupants and systems to Environmental TobaccoSmoke (ETS).

Requirement:Zero exposure of nonsmokers to ETS by prohibition of smoking in the build-ing, OR by providing a designated smoking room designed to effectively contain,capture, and remove ETS from the building. At a minimum, the smoking roomshall be directly exhausted to the outdoors with no recirculation of ETS-contain-ing air to the non-smoking area of the building, enclosed with impermeable struc-tural deck-to-deck partitions, and operated at a negative pressure compared withthe surrounding spaces of at least 7 Pa (0.03 inches of water gauge). Perfor-mance of smoking rooms shall be verified using tracer gas testing methods asdescribed in ASHRAE Standard 129-1997. Acceptable exposure in non-smok-ing areas is defined as less than 1% of the tracer gas concentration in the smokingroom detectable in the adjoining non-smoking areas. Smoking room testing asdescribed in the ASHRAE Standard 129-1997 is required in the contract docu-ments and critical smoking facility systems testing results must be included in thebuilding commissioning plan and report or the basic quality management plan oras a separate document.

Technologies and strategies:Prohibit smoking in the building and/or provide designated smoking areas out-side the building in locations where ETS cannot reenter the building or ventilationsystem or adjacent buildings and away from high building occupant or pedestriantraffic.

Deliverables:Provide a letter from the building owner verifying the building policy prohibitingsmoking. Include site drawings highlighting designated outdoor smoking areas ifapplicable.ORProvide drawings and a narrative demonstrating that designated smoking roomshave ventilation systems independent of non-smoking building areas.Provide a letter from the testing engineer stating compliance with ASHRAE 129-1997 for the smoking areas. Include the tracer gas analysis report as specified inASHRAE 129-1997, Section 8.Provide a copy of the specifications specifying that there will be �No Smoking�signage in highly visible locations throughout the facility.

(Prereq.)

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6.3 Carbon Dioxide Monitoring (1-2 Points)

Intent of requirement:Provide capacity for indoor air quality (IAQ) monitoring to sustain long-term occupant health and comfort and to conserve energy.

Requirement:6.3.1 Install a permanent carbon dioxide (CO2) monitoring system thatprovides feedback on space ventilation performance in a form that af-fords operational adjustments, AND specify initial operational set pointparameters that maintain indoor carbon dioxide levels no higher thanoutdoor levels by more than 530 parts per million OR 1000 parts permillion for indoor air at any time.

6.3.2 Tie the CO2 monitoring system to the DDC system and use the

feedback from the system to make adjustments.

Technologies and strategies:Install an independent system or make CO2 monitoring a functionof the building automation system. Situate monitoring locations inareas of the building with high occupant densities and at the ends ofthe longest runs of the distribution ductwork. Specify that systemoperation manuals require calibration of all of the sensors per manu-facturer recommendations but not less than once per year. Includesensor and system operational testing and initial set point adjust-ment in the commissioning plan and report or the basic qualitymanagement plan and report.

Deliverables:Provide drawings, specifications, and cut sheets highlighting the installedcarbon dioxide monitoring system. Include a narrative describing thesequence of operation and control of building ventilation systems andinitial operation set point parameters. (6.3.1)Provide plans and specifications for carbon dioxide monitoring systems,specifying outdoor and indoor sensors to check for less than or equal to530 ppm carbon dioxide OR 1000 ppm for indoor air at any time.(6.3.1)Provide drawings, specifications, and cut sheets highlighting the installedcarbon dioxide monitoring system is tied to a DDC system and docu-ment that adjustments for a more effective system will be made througha feedback loop. (6.3.2)Provide carbon dioxide monitoring system maintenance schedule/ logand monitoring reports. (6.3.2)

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6.4 Ventilation Effectiveness (1-2 Points)

Intent of requirement:Provide for the effective delivery and mixing of fresh air to buildingoccupants to support their health, safety, and comfort.

Requirement:6.4.1 For mechanically ventilated buildings, design ventilation systems thatresult in an air change effectiveness (E) greater than or equal to 0.9 asdetermined by ASHRAE 129-1997 and either EPA, NIOSH, or OSHArequirements, whichever is more stringent. For naturally ventilated spaces,demonstrate a distribution and laminar flow pattern that involves not lessthan 90% of the room or zone area in the direction of air flow for atleast 95% of hours of occupancy.

6.4.2 For loading dock and mechanical rooms, demonstrate ventilationeffectiveness as determined by ASHRAE 129-1997 or as noted abovefor naturally ventilated spaces.

Technologies and strategies:Employ architectural and HVAC design strategies to increase ventilationeffectiveness and prevent short-circuiting of airflow delivery. Techniquesavailable include use of displacement ventilation, low velocity, and lami-nar flow ventilation (under floor or near floor delivery) and natural ven-tilation. Operable windows with an architectural strategy for naturalventilation, cross ventilation, or stack effect can be appropriate optionswith study of inlet areas and locations. See the LEED Reference Guidefor compliance methodology guidelines. Include carbon dioxide moni-toring where appropriate or recommended (e.g. areas of unpredictableoccupancy). Use electronic monitoring and controls to achieve majorityof control over ventilation effectiveness. Develop protocols for properfacility management

Deliverables:Provide copies of the test and balance reports. (6.4.1, 6.4.2)Provide a narrative at schematic design that describes design intent andperformance of the project�s ventilation effectiveness. (6.4.1, 6.4.2)For mechanically ventilated buildings, provide a report summarizing testresults and calculations demonstrating that the designed building has anair-change effectiveness value of 0.9 or greater as determined by ASHRAE129-1997, Appendix B. If E is less than 0.9, provide documentationindicating the corrected design ventilation rate (CDVR) used in the sys-tem design. (6.4.1, 6.4.2)

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ORFor mechanically ventilated buildings, provide a design narrative that de-scribes compliance with the recommended design approaches in ASHRAEFundamentals Chapter 31, Space Air Diffusion as described in the calcu-lation details of this credit. (6.4.1, 6.4.2).For naturally ventilated spaces, provide airflow simulation results or aflow diagram including locations of inlets, outlets, and flow patterns.Provide a narrative describing the sequence of operations of ventilationsystem and demonstrate that distribution and flow patterns in all naturallyventilated spaces involve at least 90% of the room or zone area in thedirection of air flow for at least 95% of hours of occupancy. (6.4.1,6.4.2)

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6.5 Construction IAQ Management Plan (1-2 Points)

Intent of requirement:Prevent indoor air quality problems resulting from the construction/reno-vation process in order to sustain long-term installer and occupant healthand comfort.

Requirement:Develop and implement Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Planfor the construction and pre-occupancy phases of the building as fol-lows:

6.5.1 During construction meet or exceed the minimum requirements ofthe Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning National Contractors Association(SMACNA) IAQ Guideline for Occupied Buildings Under Construc-tion (1995), AND protect stored on-site or installed absorptive materialsfrom moisture damage, AND replace air filtration media regularly tomaintain cleanliness of air distribution systems during construction andimmediately prior to occupancy. (Filtration media shall have a MinimumEfficiency Reporting Value (MERV) of 13 as determined by ASHRAE52.2-1999).

6.5.2 Flush the building with 100% filtered and conditioned outside airfor a period of not less than 30 days beginning as soon as systems areoperable and continuing throughout installation of furniture, fittings, andequipment, OR conduct a baseline indoor air quality testing procedureconsistent with current EPA protocol for Environmental Requirements,Baseline IAQ and Materials, for the Research Triangle Park Campus,Section 01445.

Technologies and strategies:Specify containment control strategies, including protecting the HVACsystem, controlling pollutant sources, interrupting pathways for contami-nation, enforcing proper housekeeping, and coordinating schedules tominimize disruption. Specify the construction sequencing to install ab-sorptive materials after the prescribed dry or cure time of wet finishes tominimize adverse impacts on indoor air quality. Materials directly ex-posed to moisture through precipitation, plumbing leaks, or condensa-tion from the HVAC system are susceptible to microbial contamination.Absorptive materials to protect and sequence installation include insula-tion, carpeting, ceiling tiles, and gypsum products.

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Measures should include: (1) protection of HVAC equipment from dustand odors (where possible, the entire systems should be taken downduring heavy construction or demolition; filters with 60 to 80% dust spotefficiency should be used; and supply side diffusers, VAV boxes, andducts should be shut down and sealed); (2) source control (substitutinglow VOC-emitting products, modifying equipment operation, changingwork practices, providing local exhaust and/or air cleaning and covering,or sealing known sources); (3) pathway interruption (e.g., de-pressurizework area or pressurize occupied space, erect barriers to contain theconstruction area, relocate pollutant sources, or temporarily seal the build-ing); (4) housekeeping (dust suppression, covering contents in work area,protecting porous materials from moisture); (5) scheduling to avoid oc-cupied periods, providing 48 hours of continuous ventilation after finalinstallation and cleaning, and using �buffer zone� to protect buildingoccupants; (6) spot check HVAC system OR install separate ventilationsystem during construction; (7) temporarily seal exposed and open exist-ing duct work during construction; (8) do not use existing HVAC toventilate construction area; and (9) moisture meter all relevant assemblies,before enclosing materials, to ensure appropriate moisture levels.

Appoint an IEQ Manager with owner�s authority to inspect IEQ prob-lems and require mitigation as necessary.

Deliverables:Provide a copy of the Construction IAQ Management Plan highlightingthe six requirements of SMACNA IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Build-ings under Construction 1995, Chapter 3. (6.5.1)Provide photographs of construction IAQ management measures suchas protection of ducts and on-site stored or installed absorptive materi-als. (6.5.1)Provide cut sheets of filtration media used during construction and in-stalled immediately prior to occupancy with MERV values highlighted.(6.5.1)Provide a letter from the architect or engineer describing building flushoutprocedures, including actual dates of building flushout. (6.5.2)ORProvide specifications and documentation demonstrating conformancewith IAQ testing procedure and requirements as described in the refer-enced standard. (6.5.2)

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Highlighted Technology: Construction IAQ Management Plan

Owner/Contact:

Contractor:


EPA developed an innovative and comprehensive strategy to insure healthy Indoor Air Quality in thecompleted facility. Multiple construction contract requirements combined to achieve this goal.

Ventilation During Construction � Filtered ventilation with 100% outside air was required during finishmaterials installation from the time the building was enclosed until facility acceptance. This was done to flush outemissions from materials and finishes and protect workers from toxin exposures.

Ambient Air Quality Testing � At construction completion, the contractor is required to test at 16 loca-tions throughout the occupied spaces of the building to measure indoor contaminant levels of CO, CO2,airborne mold and mildew, formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds, 4PC, total particulates, and other regulatedpollutants. Contaminants must be below established concentration standards prior to acceptance.

Phasing of Finish Materials � The contractor scheduled finish materials installation so as to perform�wet� finishes, which off-gas odors or toxins, prior to �fuzzy� finishes, which tend to absorb and later re-emit these chemicals.

Independent Finish Materials Testing � EPA required the contractor to conduct laboratory chamberemission testing for VOCs and particulates on four major products - wall paint, carpet, ceiling tile, andfireproofing. Test results were modeled by EPA IAQ researchers to predict indoor concentrations inthe completed facility and mitigate potential IAQ concerns prior to finish material applications.

Duct Cleaning � Prior to acceptance, comprehensive duct cleaning and filter replacement was required in order toassure that dust and other contaminants generated during construction were removed prior to building occupancy.Supply and return ducts, air handlers, and plenums were cleaned before Air Quality Testing and again immediatelyprior to acceptance of the completed building.


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6.6 Low-emitting Materials (1-4 Points)

Intent of requirement:Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous or po-tentially irritating to provide installer and occupant health and comfort.

Requirement:Meet or exceed VOC limits for adhesives, sealants, paints, compositewood products, and carpet systems as follows:

6.6.1 Adhesives must meet or exceed the VOC limits of South CoastAir Quality Management District Rule #1168 AND all sealants used as afiller must meet or exceed Bay Area Air Resources Board Regulation 8,Rule 51.

6.6.2 Paints and coatings must meet or exceed the VOC and chemicalcomponent limits of Green Seal requirements.

6.6.3 Carpet systems must meet or exceed the Carpet and Rug InstituteGreen Label Indoor Air Quality Test Program.

6.6.4 Composite wood or agrifiber products must contain no addedurea-formaldehyde resins.

Technologies and strategies:Evaluate and preferentially specify materials that are low-emitting, non-irritating, nontoxic, and chemically inert. Request and evaluate emissionstest data from manufacturers for comparative products. Ensure thatVOC limits are clearly stated in specifications, in General Conditions, orin each section where adhesives, sealants, coatings, carpets, and compos-ite woods are addressed. Prioritize work to sensitive program areas.

Deliverables:Provide product submittal data and samples (where possible). (6.6.1.,6.6.2, 6.6.3, 6.6.4)Provide a cut sheet and a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for eachadhesive used in the building highlighting VOC limits. (6.6.1)Provide a cut sheet and a Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for eachsealant used in the building highlighting VOC limits. (6.6.1)Provide a cut sheet and a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for eachpaint and coating used in the building highlighting VOC limits and chemicalcomponents limits. (6.6.2)Provide a cut sheet and a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for eachcoating used in the building highlighting VOC llimits and chemical com-ponents limits. (6.6.2)

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Provide a cut sheet for each carpet product used in the buildingdocumenting whether it meets or exceeds the Carpet and Rug InstitutesGreen Label Indoor Air Quality Text Program. (6.6.3)Provide a cut sheet for each composite wood or agrifiber product usedin the building highlighting urea-formaldehyde resin limits. (6.6.4)

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Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum

Highlighted Technology: Low-emitting Materials

Owner/Contact:

Architect:


EPA recognized that in order to obtain acceptable indoor air quality for the completed project, itwas necessary to control indoor contaminants in construction materials. Products and finisheswere selected to avoid contaminants if at all possible, or to reduce their potential emissions byspecifying low VOC contents when non-toxic products were not available. Market research by thedesigner assured the availability of products to low VOC performance requirements for thefollowing materials:

Form Release Agents 350 g/LPlastic Laminate Adhesive 20 g/LCasework and Millwork Adhesives 20 g/LTransparent Wood Finish Systems 350 g/LCast Resin Countertop silicone Sealant 20 g/LGarage Deck Sealer 600 g/LWater based Joint Sealants 50 g/LNon-water based Joint Sealants 350 g/LPortland Cement Plaster 20 g/LGypsum Drywall Joint Compound 20 g/LTerrazzo Sealer 250 g/LAcoustic Panel Ceiling Finish 50 g/LResilient Tile Flooring Adhesive 100 g/LVinyl Flooring Adhesives 100 g/LCarpet Adhesive 50 g/LCarpet Seam Sealer 50 g/LWater-based Paint & Polychromatic finish coatings 150 g/LSolvent -based Paint 380 g/LHigh Performance Water-Based Acrylic coatings 250 g/LPigmented Acrylic Sealers 250 g/LCatalyzed Epoxy coatings 250 g/LHigh Performance Silicone 250 g/LCasework Sealant 50 g/LLiquid membrane-forming curing & sealing compound 350 g/L


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6.7 Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control (1-2 Points)

Intent of requirement:Avoid exposure of building occupants to potentially hazardous chemi-cals generated within the building or from adjacent buildings or areas.

Requirement:6.7.1 Design to minimize cross-contamination of regularly occupied ar-eas by chemical pollutants: employ permanent entryway systems (grills,grates, etc.) to capture dirt, particulates, etc. from entering the building atall high volume entryways, AND provide areas with structural deck todeck partitions with separate outside exhausting, no air recirculation andnegative pressure where chemical use occurs (including housekeeping ar-eas and copying/print rooms), AND provide drains plumbed for ap-propriate disposal of liquid waste in spaces where water and chemicalconcentrate mixing occurs.

6.7.2 Implement a program to insure that good housekeeping proce-dures and products are used in the building.

Technologies and strategies:Design to physically isolate activities associated with chemical contami-nants from other locations in the building, providing dedicated systemsto contain and remove chemical pollutants from source emitters at sourcelocations. Applicable measures include eliminating or isolating high haz-ard areas; designing all housekeeping chemical storage and mixing areas(central storage facilities and janitors closets) to allow for secure productstorage; designing copy/fax/printer/printing rooms with structural deckto deck partitions and dedicated exhaust ventilation systems; and includ-ing permanent architectural entryway system(s) to catch and hold par-ticles to keep them from entering and contaminating the building interior.Avoid exposed insulation fibers in duct lining. Avoid use of unincapsulatedfiber based materials.

Deliverables:Provide drawings and cut sheets highlighting entryway systems, includinglocations of entryways in the building. (6.7.1)Provide a narrative and drawings highlighting the deck-to-deck physicalseparation and independent ventilation system of chemical use areas andcopy rooms. (6.7.1)Provide a narrative and drawings highlighting the plumbing system em-ployed in chemical mixing areas. (6.7.1)

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Provide drawings showing separate exhausts, building sections, andplumbing lines for appropriate disposal. (6.7.1)Provide narrative for good housekeeping procedures and provideproduct listing and literature for good housekeeping products. (6.7.2)

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6.8 Controllability of Systems (1-2 Points)

Intent of requirement:Provide a high level of individual occupant control of thermal, ventila-tion, and lighting systems to support optimum health, productivity, andcomfort conditions.

Requirement:6.8.1 Where possible, provide a minimum of one operable window andone lighting control zone per 200 s.f. for all occupied areas within 15 feetof the perimeter wall.

6.8.2 Provide controls for each individual for airflow, temperature, andlighting for 50% of the non-perimeter, regularly occupied areas.

Technologies and strategies:Provide individual or integrated controls systems that control lighting,airflow, and temperature in individual rooms and/or work areas. Con-sider combinations of ambient and task lighting control and operablewindows for perimeter and VAV systems for non-perimeter with a 1:1:2terminal box to controller to occupant ratio.

Deliverables:Provide a copy of the systems operations manual and narrative of per-formance intent of the facility. (6.8.1, 6.8.2)For perimeter regularly occupied areas, provide drawings and cut sheetshighlighting operable windows and lighting controls for perimeter areasof the building. Include calculations summarizing the total perimeter oc-cupied area and number of operable windows and lighting controls. (6.8.1)For non-perimeter regularly occupied areas, provide drawings and cutsheets highlighting airflow, temperature, and lighting controls. Include cal-culations summarizing the total non-perimeter occupied area; number ofoccupants; and number of airflow, temperature, and lighting controls.(6.8.2)

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6.9 Thermal Comfort (1-2 Points)

Intent of requirement:Provide for a thermally comfortable environment that supports the pro-ductive and healthy performance of the building occupants.

Requirement:6.9.1 Comply with ASHRAE Standard 55-1992, Addenda 1995 for ther-mal comfort standards, including humidity control within establishedranges per climate zone.

6.9.2 Install a permanent temperature and humidity monitoring systemconfigured to provide operators control over thermal comfort perfor-mance and effectiveness of humidification and/or dehumidification sys-tems in the building.

Technologies and strategies:Integrate envelope and HVAC system design strategies that achieve ther-mal comfort conditions based on mean radiant temperature, local airvelocity, relative humidity, and air temperature. Install and maintain atemperature and humidity monitoring system for key areas of the build-ing (i.e., at the perimeter and spaces provided with humidity control).This function can be satisfied by the building automation system. Specifyin system operation manuals that all sensors require quarterly calibration.Include criteria verification and system operation in commissioning planand report or basic quality management plan and report.

Deliverables:Provide a letter from the mechanical engineer confirming that the projectcomplies with ASHRAE Standard 55-1992, Addenda 1995. Include de-sign criteria and assumptions for thermal comfort, including tempera-ture, humidity, and air movement ranges. (6.9.1)Provide drawings, specifications, and cut sheets highlighting the installedpermanent temperature and humidity monitoring system (and DDC sys-tem). Include a narrative describing measurement points and operatorinterface. (6.9.2)

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6.10 Daylighting and Views (1-2 Points)

Intent of requirement:Achieve a quality of light that is beneficial to building activities and occu-pants and provide a connection between indoor spaces and the outdoorenvironment through the introduction of sunlight and views into the oc-cupied areas of the building.

Requirement:6.10.1 Achieve a minimum Daylight Factor of 2% (excluding all directsunlight penetration), without creating cooling problems due to excessiveglazing, in 75% of all space occupied for critical visual tasks, not includ-ing copy rooms, storage areas, mechanical, laundry, and other low occu-pancy support areas. Exceptions include those spaces where tasks wouldbe hindered by the use of daylight or where accomplishing the specifictasks within a space would be enhanced by the direct penetration ofsunlight.

6.10.2 Achieve a direct line of sight to vision glazing from 90% of allregularly occupied spaces, not including copy rooms, storage areas, me-chanical, laundry, and other low occupancy support areas.

Technologies and strategies:Implement design strategies to provide access to daylight and views tothe outdoors in a glare-free way through proper sizing and orientationof windows, configuration and massing of facility, exterior sun shading,interior light shelves, and/or window treatments. Maximize direct line ofsight and orient buildings to maximize daylighting options. Considershallow or narrow building footprints. Employ courtyards, atriums, clere-story windows, skylights, and light shelves to achieve daylight penetration(from other than direct effect or direct rays from the sun) deep intoregularly occupied areas of the building. Use appropriate reflective mate-rials and surfaces, provide appropriate ambient light levels augmentedwith task lights. Avoid glare. Arrange fixtures to support use patterns.Use diffusers that reduce glare and illuminate ceilings and walls similar todaylighting. Use lamps that provide appropriate color rendition. Useelectronic ballast to reduce flicker and noise.

Deliverables:Provide drawings with a narrative highlighting critical visual task areasand typical room sections highlighting shading devices for direct sun con-trol. (6.10.1)Include area calculations defining the daylight zone and daylight predic-tion calculations demonstrating a minimum Daylight Factor of 2% inthese areas. (6.10.1)OR

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Include area calculations defining the daylight simulation results demon-strating a minimum Daylight Factor of 2% in these areas. (6.10.1)Provide modeling and calculations for lighting. (6.10.1)Provide drawings and a narrative highlighting direct line of sight zone.Diagram the sight to vision glazing from 90% of all regualrly occupiedspaces. Include calculations demonstrating that 90% of these zones havedirect lines of site to perimeter glazing. (6.10.2)

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Highlighted Technology: Daylighting

Owner/Contact: City of Durham, Department of Solid Waste ManagementTelephone: (919) 560-4197

Architect: The Freelon Group

Contractor: Riggs Harrod Builders, Inc.

Technical Strategies: Daylighting strategies reduce energy use and cooling load due tothe reduction in the use of artifical lighting and the building�sHVAC systems.

To achieve adequate daylighting, the following strategies were em-ployed:

1. The old incinerator was oriented not by design along theeast- west axis. However, it was the perfect complement tooptimize and control the available sunlight from the south.2. The open ceilings on the 3rd floor provided an energy effi-cient glass window with a height of two floors. The openatrium glass look also provides for an efficient HVACsystem.3. To control glare and shadows that would result fromdirect sunlight entering these spaces, tinted glare film wasalso installed.4. An artificial lighting system was installed that includedhigh efficiency fluorescent fixtures and lamps coupled withphotosensors and motion sensors.

Durham Solid Waste Operations FacilityDurham, North Carolina


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Highlighted Technology: Daylighting

Owner/Contact:Chapel Hill - Carrboro City SchoolsTelephone: (919) 967-8211

Architect:Corley Redfoot Zack, Inc.Kenneth E. Redfoot, AIATelephone: (919) 942-8586

Consultant:Innovative Design, Inc.

Contractor:J.M. Thompson Co.

Technical Strategies:Daylighting strategies have been incorporated throughout the schoolfacility, including academic classrooms, specialty classrooms, mediacenter, cafeteria, gymnasium, and student commons areas. Theinclusion of natural daylighting produces significant energy savings,reductions in maintenance, and increases in productivity by studentsand staff.

The primary daylighting system consists of �monitors� on the roof thatallow natural daylight to penetrate the building in a controlled fashion.The monitors consist of vertical windows leading to a triangular spacewith vertical light baffles that control the daylight and distribute the lightevenly around the room. Generally, the roof monitor windows facesouth to take advantage of the higher lighting levels. In certain rooms,such as cafeteria and student commons areas, the monitors face north totake advantage of different light �colors.� To augment the amount oflight reaching the monitors, a light colored roofing membrane was se-lected. A secondary daylighting system for those classrooms with south-facing windows consists of anodized aluminum light shelves that �fillin� lighting along the sides of the rooms. The daylighting monitor willbe an educational tool and physical example of sustainability

Typical Section Thru Classroom

Roof Plan Showing Monitors


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6.11 Contaminant Monitoring (1-5 Points)

Intent of requirement:Provide capacity for indoor air quality (IAQ) monitoring to sustain long-term occupant health and comfort.

Requirement:6.11.1 Install an independent system for ozone monitoring OR makeozone monitoring a function of the building automation system.

6.11.2 Install an independent system for radon monitoring OR makeradon monitoring a function of the building automation system.

6.11.3 Install an independent system for nitric oxide monitoring ORmake nitric oxide monitoring a function of the building automation sys-tem.

6.11.4 Install an independent system for sulfur dioxide monitoring ORmake sulfur dioxide monitoring a function of the building automationsystem.

6.11.5 Install an independent system for fungus and mold monitoringOR make fungus and mold monitoring a function of the building auto-mation system.

Technologies and strategies:Situate monitoring locations in areas of the building with high occupant den-sities and at the ends of the longest runs of the distribution ductwork. Specifythat system operation manuals require calibration of all of the sensors permanufacturer recommendations but not less than quarterly. Include sensorand system operational testing and initial set point adjustment in the basicquality management plan and report.

Deliverables:Provide drawings, specifications, and narrative for an independent ozonemonitoring system for the facility OR an ozone monitoring system tiedto the building automation system. (6.11.1)Provide drawings, specifications, and narrative for an independent radonmonitoring system for the facility OR a radon monitoring system tied tothe building automation system. (6.11.2)Provide drawings, specifications, and narrative for an independent nitricoxide monitoring system for the facility OR a nitric oxide monitoringsystem tied to the building automation system. (6.11.3)

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Provide drawings, specifications, and narrative for an independent sulfur dioxidemonitoring system for the facility OR a sulfur dioxide monitoring system tied tothe building automation system. (6.11.4)Provide drawings, specifications, and narrative for an independent fungus andmold monitoring system for the facility OR a fungus and mold monitoring sys-tem tied to the building automation system. (6.11.5)

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6.12 Acoustic Quality (1-2 Points)

Intent of requirement:Reduce the impact of building noise on building occupants and sur-rounding neighbors.

Requirement:6.12.1 Select mechanical and plumbing devices, ductwork, and pipingthat generate less noise and dampen the noise generated AND locatenoisy mechanical equipment, office equipment, and functions away fromnoise-sensitive uses.

6.12.2 Design building and install equipment so that the maximum deci-bel reading at the property line with all equipment running is 50dB(A).

Technologies and strategies:Prevent noise transmission by absorbing noise and vibrations at the source.Consider placing vibrating equipment on isolation pads and enclosingequipment in sound-absorbing walls, floors, and ceilings. Place acousticbuffers, such as corridors, lobbies, stairwells, electrical/janitorial closets,and storage rooms, between noise-producing and noise-sensitive spaces.Prevent transmission of sound through the building structure throughuse of floating floor slabs and sound-insulated penetrations of walls,floors, and ceilings. Prevent transmission between exterior and interiorby ensuring appropriate fabrication and assembly of walls, windows,roofs, ground floor, and foundations. Prevent transmission betweenrooms by wall, floor, and ceiling assemblies by specifying materials withappropriate sound transmission class ratings. Consider using set-off studswith sound-attenuating insulation, floating floor slabs, and sound-absor-bent ceiling systems. Situate mechanical room doors across from non-critical building areas. Consider the use of sound-rated acoustic doorsand acoustic seals around these doors. Avoid locating outside air intakeor exhaust air discharge openings near windows, doors, or vents wherenoise can re-enter the building. Consider wrapping or enclosing rectan-gular ducts with sound isolation materials. Consider the use of soundattenuators (�duct silencers� or �sound traps�) and acoustic plenums toreduce noise in ductwork.

Deliverables:Provide plans highlighting noisy areas and noise-sensitive areas.(6.12.1)

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Provide narrative describing noise reduction methods for the facility includingmaterials/systems/equipment selections as well as location of functions. (6.12.1)Provide documentation confirming that the maximum decibel reading at theproperty line with all equipment running at the facility is 50dB(A). (6.12.2)

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7.0 Innovation

7.1 General Innovation (1-4 Points)

Intent of requirement:Provide design teams and projects the opportunity to be awarded points forexceptional performance above requirements set elsewhere in this document.

Requirement:7.1.1 to 7.1.4 In writing, using the format in this document, identify the intent ofthe proposed innovation credit, the proposed requirement, the proposed tech-nologies and strategies used to meet the requirement, and the proposed deliverables.

Technologies and strategies:Develop new responses to regional sustainability issues. Use novel approach forunique project type or location. Use an emerging innovation not mentionedelsewhere in these Guidelines.

Deliverables:Provide a narrative and supporting documents (e.g. drawings, specifications, and/or cut sheets) for EACH innovative measure incorporated into the project. In-clude information that demonstrates the sustainable benefits of each measure.

(1-4 Points)

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7.2 Professional Training (1-3 Points)

Intent of requirement:Support and encourage sustainable design through professional trainingand information sharing.

Requirement:7.2.1 At least one principal participant of the project team has success-fully completed the LEED Accredited Professional exam.

7.2.2 At least one principal participant of the project team has attended 8hours of Triangle region high performance design workshops.

7.2.3 Write and distribute among the Triangle building community sum-maries from at least three key project participants (e.g., owner, contrac-tor, architect) of the top three things each would do differently and thetop three successes on the project from each one�s perspective.

Technologies and strategies:Attend a LEED Accredited Professional training workshop in prepa-ration to take and pass the LEED Accredited Professional exam. JoinTriangle region groups supporting high performance building design andconstruction.

Deliverables:Provide a copy of the LEED Accredited Professional Certificate.(7.2.1)Provide a copy of Certificate of Attendance from Triangle region work-shops. (7.2.2)Provide a written summary of and a distribution list for the top threethings three key project participants would do the same or differently ontheir next high performance project. (7.2.3)ORProvide a technology example or case study and a distribution list. (7.2.3)

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High Performance Guidelines: Triangle Region Public FacilitiesVersion 1.01C

Site Plan elongated east-west to take advantage of southern orientation fornatural daylighting. Built with large window enhancements.

Water N/AEnergy Natural daylighting. Roof radiant heat barrier. Low-e glazing used through-

out facility. Energy management system. Total reduction in energy use forlighting, cooling, heating, and ventilation.

Materials Most materials purchased locally and chosen for durability and repairability.IEQ Contract with janitorial services to work with environmentally preferable

products.

Owner/Contact City of Durham, Department of Solid Waste, Phone (919) 560-4197Completed Under construction, to be completed November 2001Building Type Solid waste administration and operations buildingConstruction Type Renovated old solid waste incinerator buildingBuilding Size 26,000 square feetSite Acreage 8 acresSite Characteristic N/ASite Context Next to existing solid waste equipment building and rubble landfill,

no public transportation or shopping within 1/4 mile distanceProjected Cost $5,000,000.00Awarded Cost N/AEconomics N/AArchitect The Freelon GroupContractor Riggs Harrod Builders, Inc.Mechanical Engineers MEP EngineeringStructural Engineers GKC AssociatesCivil Engineers Barbara H. Mulkey EngineeringLandscape Architects Coulter, Hart, Jewell, and ThamesEnvironmental Consultants William Moore and Associates, Inc.

Issues Response

Durham Solid Waste Operations Facility

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Durham Solid Waste Operations Facility Design Guideline Attributes Incorporated And The Resulting Credit Score

Available Credits Credits Earned1.0 Quality Management1.1 Basic Quality Management Prerequisite Prerequisite1.2 Comprehensive Building Commissioning 1 1

2.0 Site2.1 Erosion and Sedimentation Control Prerequisite Prerequisite2.2 Site Selection 1 12.3 Redevelopment 2 22.4 Brownfield Redevelopment 12.5 Alternative Transportation 5 22.6 Site Disturbance 4 12.7 Stormwater Management 22.8 Heat Islands 22.9 Light Pollution 12.10 Post-commissioning Monitoring 1

3.0 Water3.1 Water Efficient Landscaping 23.2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies 13.3 Water Use Reduction 53.4 Post-commissioning Monitoring 1

4.0 Energy and Atmosphere4.1 Minimum Energy Performance Prerequisite Prerequisite4.2 CFC Reduction in HVAC&R Equipment Prerequisite Prerequisite4.3 Optimal Energy Performance 10 44.4 Renewable Energy 64.5 Elimination of HCFCs and Halons 14.6 Measurement and Verification 3 24.7 Green Power 2

5.0 Materials and Resources5.1 Storage and Collection of Recyclables Prerequisite Prerequisite5.2 Building Reuse 3 35.3 Construction Waste Management 5 35.4 Resource Reuse 35.5 Recycled Content 25.6 Local/Regional Materials 2 15.7 Rapidly Renewable Materials 15.8 Certified Wood 25.9 Durable Materials 2 1

6.0 Indoor Environment6.1 Minimum IAQ Performance Prerequisite Prerequisite6.2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control Prerequisite Prerequisite6.3 Carbon Dioxide Monitoring 2 16.4 Ventilation Effectiveness 2 26.5 Construction IAQ Management Plan 26.6 Low-emitting Materials 4 26.7 Indoor Chemical and Pollution Source Control 2 16.8 Controllability of Systems 2 26.9 Thermal Comfort 26.10 Daylighting and Views 2 26.11 Contaminant Monitoring 56.12 Acoustic Quality 2 1

7.0 Innovation7.1 General Innovation 4 37.2 Professional Training 3

TOTAL = 103 35

The project presented in this case study wasdesigned and built prior to the publication ofthese Guidelines; therefore the credits in theCredits Earned column are merely estimates.

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Site Plan elongated east-west to take advantage of southern orientation for naturaldaylighting and winter passive solar gain.

Water N/AEnergy Natural daylighting and winter passive solar gain through the continuous

single-sloped roof monitors. Roof radiant heat barrier. Low-e glazing usedthroughout facility. Energy management system employed. Total reductionin energy use for lighting, cooling, heating, and ventilation at Durant School is50% to 60%.

Materials N/AIEQ Low toxic finishes used throughout facility.

Owner/Contact Wake County Public School System, Phone (919) 508-9030Completed 1996Building Type Public middle school for 1,300 studentsConstruction Type New free standing facilityBuilding Size 149,250 square feetSite Acreage 25 acresSite Characteristic Suburban greenfieldSite Context Surrounded by suburban housing developments, no sidewalks, no

public transportation or shopping within ¼ mile distance.Projected Cost $15,983,526Awarded Cost $12,330,986Economics $125,000 O&M savings/year; 2 year paybackArchitect Innovative Design, Inc.Contractor North Hills, Inc.Mechanical Engineers The Wooten CompanyStructural Engineers Lysaght and Associates, Inc.Civil Engineers Senior Environmental Consultants, Inc.Landscape Architects Community Land Design

Issues Response

Durant Road Middle School

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Durant Road Middle School Design Guideline Attributes Incorporated And The Resulting Credit Score

Available Credits Credits Earned1.0 Quality Management1.1 Basic Quality Management Prerequisite Prerequisite1.2 Comprehensive Building Commissioning 1

2.0 Site2.1 Erosion and Sedimentation Control Prerequisite Prerequisite2.2 Site Selection 1 12.3 Redevelopment 22.4 Brownfield Redevelopment 12.5 Alternative Transportation 52.6 Site Disturbance 4 12.7 Stormwater Management 22.8 Heat Islands 22.9 Light Pollution 12.10 Post-commissioning Monitoring 1


4.0 Energy and Atmosphere4.1 Minimum Energy Performance Prerequisite Prerequisite4.2 CFC Reduction in HVAC&R Equipment Prerequisite Prerequisite4.3 Optimal Energy Performance 10 44.4 Renewable Energy 64.5 Elimination of HCFCs and Halons 1 14.6 Measurement and Verification 34.7 Green Power 2

5.0 Materials and Resources5.1 Storage and Collection of Recyclables Prerequisite Prerequisite5.2 Building Reuse 35.3 Construction Waste Management 5 25.4 Resource Reuse 35.5 Recycled Content 25.6 Local/Regional Materials 25.7 Rapidly Renewable Materials 15.8 Certified Wood 25.9 Durable Materials 2 2

6.0 Indoor Environment6.1 Minimum IAQ Performance Prerequisite Prerequisite6.2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control Prerequisite Prerequisite6.3 Carbon Dioxide Monitoring 26.4 Ventilation Effectiveness 26.5 Construction IAQ Management Plan 26.6 Low-emitting Materials 4 26.7 Indoor Chemical and Pollution Source Control 26.8 Controllability of Systems 26.9 Thermal Comfort 2 26.10 Daylighting and Views 2 16.11 Contaminant Monitoring 56.12 Acoustic Quality 2

7.0 Innovation7.1 General Innovation 47.2 Professional Training 3

TOTAL = 103 16


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Site Landscape to shade impervious surface. Indigenous and naturalized. Located nearbus line. Bicycle racks.

Water Gray water for landscape irrigation.Energy High performance glass, 80% stopped fume hoods with nighttime setback exhaust

rate.Materials Local brick. Recycled content for steel, aluminum windows, metal

panels, and sloped metal roofing. 50% certified wood sources.IEQ Low VOC adhesives and sealants. Exterior views from occupied non- assembly

places.Innovation Demonstration greenhouse with innovative wastewater treatment for irrigation,

photovoltaics, geo-thermal heat pump.

Owner/Contact Meredith College (Raleigh, NC), Phone (919) 829-8600Completed N/ABuilding Type College teaching /lab / faculty office (business)Construction Type New free standing facilityBuilding Size 81,000 gross square feet + greenhouse (2-3,000 square feet)Site Acreage N/ASite Characteristic Relatively level site in existing parking lot.Site Context College campusProjected Cost $16-17,000,000.00Awarded Cost N/AEconomics N/AArchitect BJLAS, P.A. (Brown Jurkowski Architectural Collaborative and Lord Aeck

Sargent Architects)Contractor Rodgers BuildersMechanical Engineers Newcomb & Boyd Consulting EngineersStructural Engineers GKC AssociatesCivil Engineers J.R. McAdamsLandscape Architects N/A

Issues Response

Meredith College Science Building

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Design Guideline Attributes Incorporated And The Resulting Credit Score


2.0 Site2.1 Erosion and Sedimentation Control Prerequisite Prerequisite2.2 Site Selection 1 12.3 Redevelopment 22.4 Brownfield Redevelopment 12.5 Alternative Transportation 5 22.6 Site Disturbance 4 22.7 Stormwater Management 22.8 Heat Islands 2 12.9 Light Pollution 1 12.10 Post-commissioning Monitoring 1

3.0 Water3.1 Water Efficient Landscaping 2 13.2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies 13.3 Water Use Reduction 53.4 Post-commissioning Monitoring 1

4.0 Energy and Atmosphere4.1 Minimum Energy Performance Prerequisite Prerequisite4.2 CFC Reduction in HVAC&R Equipment Prerequisite Prerequisite4.3 Optimal Energy Performance 104.4 Renewable Energy 64.5 Elimination of HCFCs and Halons 14.6 Measurement and Verification 3 14.7 Green Power 2 1

5.0 Materials and Resources5.1 Storage and Collection of Recyclables Prerequisite Prerequisite5.2 Building Reuse 35.3 Construction Waste Management 5 45.4 Resource Reuse 35.5 Recycled Content 2 15.6 Local/Regional Materials 25.7 Rapidly Renewable Materials 1 25.8 Certified Wood 2 15.9 Durable Materials 2 1

6.0 Indoor Environment6.1 Minimum IAQ Performance Prerequisite Prerequisite6.2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control Prerequisite Prerequisite6.3 Carbon Dioxide Monitoring 26.4 Ventilation Effectiveness 26.5 Construction IAQ Management Plan 2 26.6 Low-emitting Materials 4 46.7 Indoor Chemical and Pollution Source Control 2 26.8 Controllability of Systems 2 16.9 Thermal Comfort 2 26.10 Daylighting and Views 2 26.11 Contaminant Monitoring 56.12 Acoustic Quality 2


TOTAL = 103 34


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Site Located near two bus lines. Bicycle and shower facilites provided. Exceeds EPA BestManagement Practices. Limit construction disturbance. No increased impervious-ness in design. Landscape to shade impervious surfaces within 5 years. Energy Starlabeled roofing materials. No direct beam illumination to leave site.

Water No permanent irrigation system designed for landscaping.Energy Floor plan and window shading to save energy. Designed energy cost at 30% below

ASHRAE budget; roof solar panels to provide 5% of energy costs. Independentcommissioning authority. Continuous metering per IPMVP standards.

Materials Recycling 75% of construction wastes. 25% recycled building material. 20% ofbuilding materials from local sources. 50% of wood-based materials are certifiedwood.

IEQ Included carbon dioxide monitoring system. Air change effectiveness value of 0.9 perASHRAE. Comprehensive construction IAQ management plan. Protect ductworkand on-site absorptive materials. MSDS sheets with VOC limits on constructionmaterials. Chemical use areas separated from balance of user areas. Permanenttemperature/humidity monitoring system. Floor plan allows 90% of interior spaceswith direct line of site to perimeter glazing.

Innovation Design build contractor, ISO 14001 certified, shows educational environmentalvideo to all workers at the site

Issues Response

US EPA National Computer Center

Owner/Contact US Environmental Protection Agency(Research Triangle Park, NC), Phone (919) 541-0249

Completed Completion by fourth quarter, 2001Building Type Administration and mainframe computer office buildingConstruction Type New free standing facilityBuilding Size 102,421 gross square feetSite Acreage 14 acresSite Characteristic Suburban greenfieldSite Context Surrounded by suburban office and laboratory facilities, with side-

walks; public transportation within 1/4 mile.Projected Cost $21,000,000.00Awarded Cost $21,201,679.00Economics Not yet determinedDesign/Build Contractor Beers/Davidson & Jones GroupArchitect O�Brien/Atkins AssociatesMechanical Engineers O�Brien/Atkins AssociatesStructural Engineers GKC AssociatesCivil Engineers Barbara H. Mulkey EngineeringLandscape Architects O�Brien/Atkins Associates

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Meredith College Science Building US EPA National Computer Center Design Guideline Attributes Incorporated And The Resulting Credit Score


2.0 Site2.1 Erosion and Sedimentation Control Prerequisite Prerequisite2.2 Site Selection 1 12.3 Redevelopment 22.4 Brownfield Redevelopment 12.5 Alternative Transportation 5 32.6 Site Disturbance 4 22.7 Stormwater Management 2 12.8 Heat Islands 2 22.9 Light Pollution 1 12.10 Post-commissioning Monitoring 1

3.0 Water3.1 Water Efficient Landscaping 2 23.2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies 13.3 Water Use Reduction 53.4 Post-commissioning Monitoring 1

4.0 Energy and Atmosphere4.1 Minimum Energy Performance Prerequisite Prerequisite4.2 CFC Reduction in HVAC&R Equipment Prerequisite Prerequisite4.3 Optimal Energy Performance 10 44.4 Renewable Energy 6 14.5 Elimination of HCFCs and Halons 1 14.6 Measurement and Verification 3 24.7 Green Power 2

5.0 Materials and Resources5.1 Storage and Collection of Recyclables Prerequisite Prerequisite5.2 Building Reuse 35.3 Construction Waste Management 5 25.4 Resource Reuse 35.5 Recycled Content 2 15.6 Local/Regional Materials 2 25.7 Rapidly Renewable Materials 15.8 Certified Wood 2 15.9 Durable Materials 2

6.0 Indoor Environment6.1 Minimum IAQ Performance Prerequisite Prerequisite6.2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control Prerequisite Prerequisite6.3 Carbon Dioxide Monitoring 2 16.4 Ventilation Effectiveness 2 16.5 Construction IAQ Management Plan 2 26.6 Low-emitting Materials 4 46.7 Indoor Chemical and Pollution Source Control 2 16.8 Controllability of Systems 26.9 Thermal Comfort 2 26.10 Daylighting and Views 2 16.11 Contaminant Monitoring 56.12 Acoustic Quality 2


TOTAL = 103 40


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Site N/A

Water N/AEnergy Ice is manufactured and stored during the night, which assists in cooling

for the next day. This technique shifts the electricity usage to off-peak times.Additionally, use of ice for cooling meant that one chiller, which would haveotherwise been required, was eliminated, reducing first costs.

Materials Use throughout of durable materials: terrazzo, high quality carpet, brick.IEQ N/A

Owner/Contact Wake County Public School SystemCompleted 1999Building Type Public high school for 1,600 studentsConstruction Type New free standing facilityBuilding Size 270,755 gross square feetSite Acreage 30 AcresSite Characteristic Suburban greenfieldSite Context Part of a larger campus with a middle school and an elementary

school; surrounded by suburban housing.Projected Cost $25,168,109.00Awarded Cost 27,909,909.00Economics To be determinedArchitect Cherry Huffman ArchitectsContractor Barnhill ContractorsMechanical Engineers The Wooten CompanyStructural Engineers Lasater Hopkins Shang, PCCivil Engineers The John R. McAdams Co, Inc.Landscape Architects McNeely Associates, PA

Issues Response

Wakefield High School

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Wakefield High School Design Guideline Attributes Incorporated And The Resulting Credit Score


2.0 Site2.1 Erosion and Sedimentation Control Prerequisite Prerequisite2.2 Site Selection 12.3 Redevelopment 22.4 Brownfield Redevelopment 12.5 Alternative Transportation 52.6 Site Disturbance 4 12.7 Stormwater Management 2 12.8 Heat Islands 2 12.9 Light Pollution 1 12.10 Post-commissioning Monitoring 1


4.0 Energy and Atmosphere4.1 Minimum Energy Performance Prerequisite Prerequisite4.2 CFC Reduction in HVAC&R Equipment Prerequisite Prerequisite4.3 Optimal Energy Performance 10 64.4 Renewable Energy 64.5 Elimination of HCFCs and Halons 14.6 Measurement and Verification 34.7 Green Power 2

5.0 Materials and Resources5.1 Storage and Collection of Recyclables Prerequisite Prerequisite5.2 Building Reuse 35.3 Construction Waste Management 55.4 Resource Reuse 35.5 Recycled Content 25.6 Local/Regional Materials 25.7 Rapidly Renewable Materials 15.8 Certified Wood 2 15.9 Durable Materials 2

The project presented in this case study wasdesigned and built prior to the publication of theseGuidelines; therefore the credits in the CreditsEarned column are merely estimates.

6.0 Indoor Environment6.1 Minimum IAQ Performance Prerequisite Prerequisite6.2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control Prerequisite Prerequisite6.3 Carbon Dioxide Monitoring 26.4 Ventilation Effectiveness 2 26.5 Construction IAQ Management Plan 2 16.6 Low-emitting Materials 46.7 Indoor Chemical and Pollution Source Control 26.8 Controllability of Systems 26.9 Thermal Comfort 26.10 Daylighting and Views 2 16.11 Contaminant Monitoring 56.12 Acoustic Quality 2 1


TOTAL = 103 16

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Site Geothermal systems require large, open fields for in-ground wells. Thewell field in this project was located under open play areas, minimizingthe amount of tree clearing and site disturbance.

Water N/AEnergy At the time of installation, this geothermal heat pump system was the

largest such installation in North Carolina. The system installed at RockSprings Elementary combines 46 individual heat pumps with 28,800 linearfeet of heat exchanger consisting of water-filled pipes drilled into theearth, thus taking advantage of the earth�s own energy to provide themost efficient heating and cooling possible.

Materials N/AIEQ All classrooms on individual air handlers with individual controls and

operation. Each classroom has large, operable windows.

Issues Response

Rock Springs Elementary School Addition

Owner/Contact Lincoln County Public Schools,(Lincolnton, NC)Phone (704) 732-2261

Completed 1996Building Type New classroom / admin-

istration / media centerwith renovations in existingpublic elementary school.

Construction Type Addition to existing education facility.Building Size 53,400 gross square feet (new)Site Acreage 18.1 acresSite Characteristic Rural greenfield (existing school site)Site Context Small rural community on Highway 16; no sidewalks,

no public transportation.Projected Cost $5,500,00.00Awarded Cost $5,300,00.00Economics $0.63 per square foot energy operating costsArchitect Boney Architects, Inc.Contractor Hickory ConstructionMechanical Engineers Cheatham & Associates, PAStructural Engineers Morrison EngineersCivil Engineers Brian Starkey, ASLALandscape Architects Brian Starkey, ASLA;

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Rock Springs Elementary School Addition

Design Guideline Attributes Incorporated And The Resulting Credit Score


2.0 Site2.1 Erosion and Sedimentation Control Prerequisite Prerequisite2.2 Site Selection 12.3 Redevelopment 2 12.4 Brownfield Redevelopment 12.5 Alternative Transportation 52.6 Site Disturbance 4 22.7 Stormwater Management 22.8 Heat Islands 22.9 Light Pollution 12.10 Post-commissioning Monitoring 1



5.0 Materials and Resources5.1 Storage and Collection of Recyclables Prerequisite Prerequisite5.2 Building Reuse 35.3 Construction Waste Management 5 15.4 Resource Reuse 35.5 Recycled Content 25.6 Local/Regional Materials 2 15.7 Rapidly Renewable Materials 15.8 Certified Wood 25.9 Durable Materials 2 1

6.0 Indoor Environment6.1 Minimum IAQ Performance Prerequisite Prerequisite6.2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control Prerequisite Prerequisite6.3 Carbon Dioxide Monitoring 26.4 Ventilation Effectiveness 2 16.5 Construction IAQ Management Plan 26.6 Low-emitting Materials 46.7 Indoor Chemical and Pollution Source Control 26.8 Controllability of Systems 2 16.9 Thermal Comfort 2 16.10 Daylighting and Views 26.11 Contaminant Monitoring 56.12 Acoustic Quality 2 1


TOTAL = 103 22

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Site Wetlands (storm water and riverine) created. Landscape to shade impervioussurface. Indigenous and naturalized planting. No increased imperviousnessin design. Located near bus line.

Water Cistern for irrigation from collected roof water. Green roof.

Energy Shaded south glazing. High performance glass. Energy Star labeledroofing materials.

Materials Local stone and regional brick. Recycled content for steel, aluminumwindows, metal panels, and sloped metal roofing.

IEQ Low VOC adhesives and sealants. Exterior views from occupied non-assembly places.

Issues Response

Tryon Palace

Owner/Contact Tryon Palace Historic Sites & Gardens, New Bern NCPhone (252) 514-4900

Completed In designBuilding Type Museum/visitor�s centerConstruction Type New free standing facilityBuilding Size 45,000 gross square feetSite Acreage 5.8 acresSite Characteristic North Carolina Superfund siteSite Context Urban brownfield site in Historic Preservation District on Trent

River with riverwalk through site.Projected Cost $26,000,000.00Awarded Cost N/AEconomics NC Department of Cultural Resources; Clean Water Management

Trust Fund - Wetlands Grant; Pepsico GrantArchitect Brown Jurkowski Architectural Collaborative (BJAC) with Quinn

Evans ArchitectsMechanical Engineers Newcomb & Boyd Consulting EngineersStructural Engineers GKC AssociatesCivil Engineers Andrew & Kuska Engineers, Inc.Landscape Architects EDAW, Inc.

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The project presented in this case study was de-signed and/or built prior to the publication of theseGuidelines; therefore the credits in the CreditsEarned column are merely estimates.

Tryon Palace Design Guideline Attributes Incorporated And The Resulting Credit Score


2.0 Site2.1 Erosion and Sedimentation Control Prerequisite Prerequisite2.2 Site Selection 1 12.3 Redevelopment 2 12.4 Brownfield Redevelopment 1 12.5 Alternative Transportation 5 32.6 Site Disturbance 4 12.7 Stormwater Management 2 22.8 Heat Islands 2 22.9 Light Pollution 12.10 Post-commissioning Monitoring 1

3.0 Water3.1 Water Efficient Landscaping 2 23.2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies 13.3 Water Use Reduction 53.4 Post-commissioning Monitoring 1 1

4.0 Energy and Atmosphere4.1 Minimum Energy Performance Prerequisite Prerequisite4.2 CFC Reduction in HVAC&R Equipment Prerequisite Prerequisite4.3 Optimal Energy Performance 10 14.4 Renewable Energy 64.5 Elimination of HCFCs and Halons 1 14.6 Measurement and Verification 3 24.7 Green Power 2

5.0 Materials and Resources5.1 Storage and Collection of Recyclables Prerequisite Prerequisite5.2 Building Reuse 35.3 Construction Waste Management 5 45.4 Resource Reuse 35.5 Recycled Content 2 15.6 Local/Regional Materials 2 15.7 Rapidly Renewable Materials 15.8 Certified Wood 2 25.9 Durable Materials 2 1

6.0 Indoor Environment6.1 Minimum IAQ Performance Prerequisite Prerequisite6.2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control Prerequisite Prerequisite6.3 Carbon Dioxide Monitoring 26.4 Ventilation Effectiveness 26.5 Construction IAQ Management Plan 2 16.6 Low-emitting Materials 4 46.7 Indoor Chemical and Pollution Source Control 2 26.8 Controllability of Systems 26.9 Thermal Comfort 26.10 Daylighting and Views 2 26.11 Contaminant Monitoring 56.12 Acoustic Quality 2 1


TOTAL = 103 37

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Owner/Contact US Environmental Protection Agency(Research Triangle Park, NC), Phone (919) 541-0249

Completed Completion by mid-2001Building Type Federal government office and laboratory spaceConstruction Type New free standing facilityBuilding Size 1.154 million gross square feetSite Acreage 133 acresSite Characteristic Suburban greenfieldSite Context Surrounded by suburban office and laboratory facilities. Research park zoning

district (Research Triangle Park).Projected Cost $225 millionAwarded Cost $219 millionEconomics Not yet determinedArchitect Hellmuth, Obata and KassabaumContractor The Clark Construction GroupMechanical Engineers R.G. Vanderweil Engineers, Inc.Structural Engineers Weidlinger AssociatesCivil Engineers Greenhorne and O�Mara, Inc.Landscape Architects Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum

US EPA Campus

Issues Response

Site Trees, streams, lake protected by numerous methods. New wetlandscreated. Parking decks in lieu of surface parking. Bioretention ponds.

Water Indigenous plants for low maintenance. Sensor controlled drip irriga-tion. Low-flow and sensor operated lavatory fixtures.

Energy High efficiency boilers, chillers, motors, pumps. Variable speed drivesand variable air volume controls. Green lights. Low-e glass.

Materials 80% construction waste recycled. Recycled content materials. Certifiedsustainable wood products. On-site concrete production.

IEQ Extensive daylighting. Low VOC paints, sealants, adhesives. Phasing offinish material application. Frequent fresh air changes.

Innovation Plant rescue. Isolation of EMF sources. Flexible design. Special designstudies: radon, wind tunnel modeling, soil and rock, specimen trees, etc.

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Available Credits Credits Earned1.0 Quality Management1.1 Basic Quality Management Prerequisite Prerequisite1.2 Comprehensive Building Commissioning 1 1

2.0 Site2.1 Erosion and Sedimentation Control Prerequisite Prerequisite2.2 Site Selection 12.3 Redevelopment 22.4 Brownfield Redevelopment 12.5 Alternative Transportation 5 52.6 Site Disturbance 4 32.7 Stormwater Management 2 12.8 Heat Islands 2 12.9 Light Pollution 1 12.10 Post-commissioning Monitoring 1 1

3.0 Water3.1 Water Efficient Landscaping 2 23.2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies 13.3 Water Use Reduction 5 13.4 Post-commissioning Monitoring 1 1


5.0 Materials and Resources5.1 Storage and Collection of Recyclables Prerequisite Prerequisite5.2 Building Reuse 35.3 Construction Waste Management 5 55.4 Resource Reuse 35.5 Recycled Content 2 25.6 Local/Regional Materials 2 25.7 Rapidly Renewable Materials 15.8 Certified Wood 2 15.9 Durable Materials 2 2

6.0 Indoor Environment6.1 Minimum IAQ Performance Prerequisite Prerequisite6.2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control Prerequisite Prerequisite6.3 Carbon Dioxide Monitoring 2 26.4 Ventilation Effectiveness 2 26.5 Construction IAQ Management Plan 2 26.6 Low-emitting Materials 4 36.7 Indoor Chemical and Pollution Source Control 2 26.8 Controllability of Systems 26.9 Thermal Comfort 2 26.10 Daylighting and Views 2 26.11 Contaminant Monitoring 56.12 Acoustic Quality 2 2


TOTAL = 103 57

The project presented in this case study was de-signed and/or built prior to the publication of theseGuidelines; therefore the credits in the CreditsEarned column are merely estimates.

US EPA Campus Design Guideline Attributes Incorporated And The Resulting Credit Score

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High Performance Guidelines: Triangle Region Public FacilitiesVersion 1.01A

I. General Resources

Throughout this Resource Appendix, the underlined websites are available as hypertextlinks in the Microsoft Word version of this Resource Appendix available from Tri-angle J Council of Governments� website at www.tjcog.dst.nc.us.

The following resources include information relevant to most of the topics coveredby these Guidelines. Resources targeted to specific Guidelines provisions are listed inSection II below.

(A) The U.S. Green Building Council�s Green Building Rating System, Version 2.0,Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (March 2000), more com-monly referred to as LEED, is available for downloading through thefollowing website: www.leedbuilding.org. The LEED Version 2.0 Refer-ence Guide, a very useful document giving detailed examples of strategiesthat can be used to achieve LEED standards, can be ordered throughthis same website.

(B) The High Performance Building Guidelines (April 1999) developed by the Cityof New York�s Department of Design and Construction is a very usefuldocument regarding design of public buildings. It is available for down-loading from the following website: www.ci.nyc.ny.us/nyclink/html/ddc/home.html. The 144-page document can also be ordered for $25.00 plus$3.00 shipping charge and $2.31 tax from City Store, 1 Centre Street,Room 2223, New York NY 10007, phone (212) 669-8246.

(C) Green Buildings: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Guidelines for Creating High-Performance Green Buildings (1999) contains good case studies and an excel-lent bibliography. It can be downloaded through the following website:www.gggc.state.pa.us. Also available from this website is an excellentfree video regarding the development of the Commonwealth ofPennsylvania�s Department of Environmental Protection building.

(D) Johnson Controls, Inc. currently has under development a brochure de-scribing expected return on investment from specific provisions listed inLEED. The document describes whether each provision will increaseor decrease capital costs or operating costs. It also categorizes the envi-ronmental, social, and economic return on investment for each provision.For further information, contact Paul von Paumgarten, Johnson Controls,

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Inc., Controls Group, PO Box 423, Milwaukee WI 53201-0423, phone (414) 274-4546 or e-mail [email protected].

(E) Other sustainable design websites:

(1) Whole Building Design Guide: www.wbdg.orgGood overall site for sustainable building information. Energy issues are cov-ered extensively; it is quickly being updated for materials and other sustain-able considerations. The site also has information on productivity.

(2) Environmental Building News: www.BuildingGreen.comIncludes material from EBN, excellent bibliography and other resources, cal-endar of events, ordering information for GreenSpec, Green Building Advi-sor, and other resources.

(3) CREST: www.crest.orgA great starting point for finding other resources.

(4) U.S. Department of Energy: www.eren.doe.gov/buildingsSoftware tools, case studies, and other resources.

(5) Federal Energy Management Program, U.S. Department of Energy:www.eren.doe.gov/femp

Information on alternative financing, case studies, training opportunities, andother resources. Includes Greening of Grand Canyon and other Greening re-ports and Greening Federal Facilities Guide.

(6) Center of Excellence for Sustainable Development: www.sustainable.doe.govYet another website from the Department of Energy. This truly excellent site hasa wealth of information on green building.

(7) Green Building Challenge: www.greenbuilding.caInformation on an international effort to develop a method for assessing �green-ness� of buildings.

(8) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: www.epa.gov

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Includes information on statutes and regulations, indoor air quality, andenvironmental databases. (See, for example, Surf Your Watershed.) It hasa design for the environment site at www.epa.gov/dfe.

(9) General Services Administration/Planet GSA: www.gsa.gov/planetgsa

Another government agency website. Includes case studies and re-sources.

(10) GEO Green Building Resource Center: www.geonetwork.org/gbrc

Resources and referrals to other internet sites, books, and professionals.

(11) Sustainable Sources: www.greenbuilder.com/general/BuildingSources.htmlIncludes materials from the Austin, Texas, Green Builder Program andother resources.

(12) Greenbuilding Discussion Group: www.crest.org/sustainable/greenbuilding-list-archive

Active, wide-ranging discussion of green building issues and ideas.

(13) Green Clips: [email protected] subscription �clipping service� for worldwide journals, newspapers, etc.

(14) White House Publications/Executive Orders: www.pub.whitehouse.govContains downloadable versions of all executive orders.

(15) Rocky Mountain Institute: www.rmi.orgIncludes excellent resources and information, plus ordering informationfor publications. A particularly interesting publication downloadable fromthis site is Greening the Building and the Bottom Line: Increasing ProductivityThrough Energy-Efficient Design, by Joseph J. Romm and William D. Brown-ing (1994).

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II. Resources Targeted to Specific Guidelines Provisions

(A) Quality Management

(1) The �Green Building Advisor� has helpful assistance on quality managementtechniques. See www.greenbuildingadvisor.com.

(B) Site

(1) The website for the NC Department of Environment and Natural ResourcesDivision of Land Resources, which sets standards for erosion and sedimentationcontrol, is www.dlr.enr.state.nc.us/eros.html.

(2) To determine whether land is enrolled in a county Use Value Program, con-tact the county tax assessor. A website link to these offices iswww.ncinfo.iog.unc.edu/programs/NCAAO/assessor.htm.

(3) Information on land within county Agricultural Districts or with Class I orClass II soil can be obtained from the local Soil and Water Conservation District.For a list of offices, see the website www.enr.state.nc.us/DSWC/.

(4) For information on endangered species, see the US Fish and Wildlife Servicelistings at http://endangered.fws.gov/wildlife.html#Species.

(5) The State of North Carolina and FEMA have initiated a floodplain re-map-ping program scheduled for completion in August 2001. For information, see theNorth Carolina Division of Emergency Management website: www.ncem.org.

(6) The US Environmental Protection Agency website on brownfield redevelop-ment is www.epa.gov/swerosps/bf/.

(7) The NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division ofWaste Management website (http://wastenot.ehnr.state.nc.us) has links to infor-mation regarding hazardous waste, underground storage tanks, and Superfund sites.

(8) 40 CFR Parts 230-233 and Part 22 can be obtained from the following website:www.access.gpo.gov/nara/.

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(9) US EPA OSWER Directive 9610.17 can be obtained from the follow-ing website: www.epa.gov/swerust1/directi/od961017.htm.

(10) ASTM Standard Practice E1739-95e1-Standard Guide for Risk-Based Cor-rective Action Applied at Petroleum Release Sites can be obtained through theAmerican Society for Testing and Materials at the following website:www.astm.org.

(11) Watch the following website for images and descriptions of NorthCarolina native plants: www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/factsheets/

Other information on native woody plants is available from the fol-lowing publications:

The Native Plant Primer, Carole Ottesen. 1995. New York: Har-mony Books.

Eastern Forest, Ann Sutton and Myron Sutton. 1997. New York: RandomHouse, Inc.

Gardening with Native Plants of the South, Sally Wasowski and AndyWasowski. 1994. Dallas, Texas: Taylor Publishing Company.

Growing and Propagating Showy Native Woody Plants, Richard E. Bir.1992. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press.

Native Shrubs and Woody Vines of the Southeast: Landscape Uses andIdentification, Leonard E. Foote and Samuel B. Jones, Jr. 1989.Portland,Oregon: Timber Press, Inc..

(12) For NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources WaterQuality Division Best Management Practices, see the website at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us.

(13) US EPA Energy Star Roofing Guidelines are available through the fol-lowing website: www.epa.gov.appdstar/roofing/specs.htm.

(14) The NC State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering

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Department has established a permeable pavement demonstration site in Kinston,NC, and offers workshops on this topic. Contact Bill Hunt by phone at (919)515-6751 or by e-mail at [email protected].

(15) ASTM E408-71(1996)e1-Standard Test Methods for Total Normal Emittance ofSurfaces Using Inspection-Meter Techniques is available through the ASTM website:www.astm.org.

(16) IESNA Recommended Practice Manual: Lighting for Exterior Environments (RP-33-99) is available from the Illuminating Engineering Society of North Americawebsite: www.iesna.org.

(17) For information on cultural landmarks, see the website of the State HistoricPreservation Office in the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources:www.hpo.dcr.state.nc.us.

(C) Water

(1) The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (P.L. 102-486 or H.R. 776) is a large docu-ment that can be viewed at the following website: http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/C?c102:./temp/~c102m0gJmK. Scroll down to Subtitle C, Section123 for provisions regarding fixture performance requirements.

(2) For information on drought-tolerant plants, see �Xeriscape North Carolina,�which can be downloaded from the following website: www.ncsu.edu/ncsu/CIL/WRRI/uwc/publications.html.

(D) Energy and Atmosphere

(1) For information on energy modeling tools, see the US Department of Energywebsite at www.eren.doe.gov/buildings/tools_directory/.

(2) The Sustainable Buildings Industry Council produces software called �En-ergy-10� for designing integrated, low-energy buildings. It can be ordered throughthe Council�s website: www.sbicouncil.org.

(3) ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1999 - Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-RiseResidential Buildings can be obtained from the American Society of Heating, Re-frigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. website: www.ashrae.org.

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(4) The US Department of Energy International Performance Measure-ment and Verification Protocol, Option B: Methods by Technology isavailable through the following website: www.ipmvp.org.

(5) The Center for Resource Solutions Green-E requirements are avail-able from the Center�s website: www.green-e.org/power/require.html.

(6) Information on the Low Impact Hydropower Certification Programcan be obtained from the website of the Low Impact Hydropower Insti-tute: www.lowimpacthydro.org/criteria.html.

(7) Guidelines for Design and Construction of Energy Efficient County Facilities(1995) are used by Wake County (NC) design teams when designing newand retrofitted County buildings. The document is available through theWake County Facilities Design and Construction Department, phone (919)856-6350.

(E) Materials and Resources

(1) Information on federal and state investment tax credits for rehabilita-tion of historic buildings is available from the website for the North Caro-lina State Historic Preservation Office: www.hpo.dcr.state.nc.us/tchome.htm.

(2) The Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division ofPollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance website has links tolocal government waste reduction offices and information on state andfederal waste reduction resources, markets for recyclable materials, con-struction and demolition waste management, and recycled products. Thewebsite is www.p2pays.org.

(3) WasteSpec: Model Specifications for Construction Waste Reduction, Reuse, andRecycling contains model specifications for architects and engineers, plus asample waste management plan, checklists, and information for contrac-tors on waste reduction and recycling. It can be downloaded from theTriangle J Council of Governments website: www.tjcog.dst.nc.us.

(4) For information on how to obtain a 24-minute video case study onthe new US EPA campus at Research Triangle Park, which includes asection on its construction waste recycling program, contact Jack Mor-

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gan, Administrative Assistant, Facility Development Staff, EPA New CampusProject, phone 919-541-1869.

(5) �Greenspec� is an Environmental Building News directory of environmentally-friendly building products. It can be ordered through the following website:www.greenspec.com.

(6) The California Integrated Waste Management Board publishes Designing withVision: A Technical Manual for Materials Choices in Sustainable Construction, whichcan be downloaded from www.ciwmb.ca.gov/ConDemo/Pubs.htm.

(7) The REDI Database is a searchable database with up-to-date information onproducts and materials. It can be accessed through the following website:www.oikos.com.

(8) The US EPA Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program has informa-tion and resources available from the following website: www.epa.gov/opptintr/epp/.

(9) For information on certified wood, see the websites of the Forest Steward-ship Council of the United States (www.fscus.org) and the Certified Forest Prod-ucts Council (www.certifiedwood.org).

(10) For an excellent overview of issues related to certified wood, see the Certi-fied Forest Products Council brochure �Certified Forest Products: Solutions forSustainable Design� available from the Certified Forest Products Council (above).

(11) For up-to-date information on North Carolina sources of certified wood,contact Warren Boyette, Program Head, Technical Development and Planning,Forest Management Section, Division of Forest Resources, NC Department ofEnvironment and Natural Resources, phone 733-2162, ext. 246.

(F) Indoor Environment

(1) ASHRAE 62-1999: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality can be ob-tained through the following website: www.ashrae.org.

(2) An unpublished ASHRAE standard revision document, 62R-1998, devel-oped by the ASHRAE Standards Project Committee on Indoor Air Quality, has

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much good reference material in its appendix. ASHRAE can be contacted [email protected] or by telephone at 404-636-8400 or toll-free at 800-527-4723.

(3) ASHRAE 129-1997: Measuring Air-Change Effectiveness can be obtained throughthe following website: www.ashrae.org.

(4) Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning National Contractors Association IAQ Guidelinefor Occupied Buildings Under Construction (1995), can be obtained through the fol-lowing website: www.smacna.org.

(5) ASHRAE 52.2-1992: Method of Testing General Ventilation Air Cleaning Devicesfor Removal Efficiency by Particle Size can be obtained through the following website:www.ashrae.org.

(6) For information on how to obtain the Indoor Air Quality Facilities OperationManual for the new US EPA campus at RTP, contact Jack Morgan, Administra-tive Assistant, Facility Development Staff, EPA New Campus Project, phone919-541-1869.

(7) The South Coast Air Quality Management District Rule #1168 Adhesive Applica-tions can be obtained through the following website: www.aqmd.gov/rules.html/r1168.html.

(8) The Bay Area Air Resources Board Regulation 8, Rule 51-Adhesive andSealant Products can be obtained through the following website:www.baaqmd.gov/regs/rg0851.pdf.

(9) Green Seal Paints and Coatings Requirements: Paints (GS-11), First Edition (May20, 1993) can be obtained through the following website: www.greenseal.org/standard/paints.htm.

(10) The Carpet and Rug Institute Green Label Indoor Air Quality Test Program can beobtained through the following website: www.carpet-rug.org.

(11) ASHRAE Standard 55-1992, Addenda 1995 Thermal Environmental Conditionsfor Human Occupancy, Including ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum 55a-1995 can be ob-tained through the following website: www.ashrae.org.

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(12) An Indoor Air Quality Tools for Schools kit has been developed by the US EPAin cooperation with the National Education Association, the National PTA, theCouncil for American Private Education, the Association for School BusinessOfficials, the American Federation of Teachers, and the American Lung Associa-tion. To order or download the kit, see the following website: www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/tools4s2.html.

(13) The US EPA has an indoor air quality website at www.epa.gov/iaq.

(14) Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility Managers is one ofthe excellent publications downloadable through the US EPA�s indoor air qualitywebsite. It can be ordered at www.epa.gov/iaq/base/baqtoc.html.

(15) Case studies of the use of non-toxic janitorial supplies can be found inCleaning National Parks: Using Environmentally Preferable Janitorial Productsat Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks (US EPA, 2000). It can be down-loaded from www.epa.gov/oppt/library/cleaning.pdf.

(16) For information on noise levels from buildings, see the excerpt from theOrange County (NC) Economic Development Districts Design Manual in Sec-tion V of this Appendix.

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III. Glossary

Acceptable Indoor Air Quality: Air in which there are no known contaminants at harmfulconcentrations as determined by cognizant authorities and with which a substantial major-ity (80% or more) of the people exposed do not express dissatisfaction. (Definition fromASHRAE Standard 62-1999.)

Air Cleaning: The process that uses filters and other devices to reduce the concentration ofairborne contaminants, such as microorganisms, dusts, fumes, respirable particles, otherparticulate matter, gases, and/or vapors in air.

Albedo: The ratio of reflected light to the total amount falling on a surface. A high albedoindicates high reflectance properties.

Ambient Temperature: The surrounding temperature about a particular area.

Biodiversity: The tendency in ecosystems, when undisturbed, to have a large number andwide range of species of animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms. Human populationpressure and resource consumption tend to reduce biodiversity.

Bioswales: Strategically placed earthen depressions that capture stormwater and filter itusing native wetland plants.

Brownfields: Abandoned, idled, or under-used industrial and commercial facilities whereexpansion or redevelopment is complicated by real or perceived environmental contamina-tion.

Building Commissioning: A systematic process beginning in the design phase, lasting atleast one year after construction, and including the preparation of operating staff on ensur-ing, through documented verification, that all building systems perform interactively ac-cording to the documented design intent and the owner�s operational needs.

Btu (British Thermal Unit): A measure of energy quantity that is required to raise thetemperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit in one hour.

Building Envelope: Those building elements that enclose the conditioned spaces and which aredesigned to resist the transfer of energy to and from the conditioned spaces to the exterior.

Building Orientation: The on-site placement that permits a facility to take advantage of the

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available climate characteristics (winds, solar energy, sunlight, etc.) to use passive design meth-ods, when possible, to provide for human comfort.

Constructed Wetlands: A low technology method to purify water using the biological pro-cesses that are found in modified or newly created wetlands.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): A family of chemicals used in refrigeration, air condition-ing, packaging, insulation, or as solvents and aerosol propellants. Because CFCs are notdestroyed in the lower atmosphere they drift into the upper atmosphere where their chlo-rine components destroy the earth�s protective ozone layer.

Clerestory: Clerestories have many of the attributes of skylights except that they occur inthe vertical rather than the horizontal plane.

Composting: The process whereby organic wastes, including food wastes, paper, and yard wastes,decompose naturally, resulting in a product rich in minerals and ideal for gardening and farmingas a soil conditioner, mulch, resurfacing material, or landfill cover.

Composting Toilet: A technology that treats human waste by composting and dehydration toproduce a useable end product that is a valuable soil additive. This technology uses little or nowater, unlike systems linked to sewers or to on-site septic systems.

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED): A design strategy that worksto create a safe and secure built environment by employing design methods to establish naturalsurveillance, natural access control, and natural territorial control of a site and a facility.

Cultural Landmark: A structure, object, and/or site that is perceived by the local or regionalcommunity to symbolize, identify, celebrate, or memorialize significant aspects of the community�ssocial, political, or economic, history, character, goals, or aspirations.

Daylighting: The illuminating of building interiors using beam sunlight and/or diffuselight from the sky through glazing in the walls and/or roof of a building envelope.

Deconstruction: A process of renovation or demolition whereby existing material resources(wood, door frames, etc.) are removed during renovation or demolition in such a way that theycan be reused again in the same or another project.

Edible Landscaping: Edible individual plants (fruit trees, herbs, flowers) or farmed plants(vegetables) that are located to provide ground cover, visual appeal, and food.

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Fossil Fuel: A fuel, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, produced by the decomposition of ancient(fossilized) plants and animals.

Fuel cell: A technology that uses an electrochemical process that depends on a hydrogen andoxygen source to transfer energy, resulting in the generation of electrical current, heat, and water.The hydrogen source is some form of hydrogen (pure or in the form of a fossil fuel), whileambient air is used for the oxygen source. Although fossil fuels can be used to operate fuel cells,there is significantly less pollution produced when compared to fossil fuel combustion. The heatand water generated can be used for other facility operations.

Geothermal Heat Exchange Technology: This technology uses the relatively constant tem-perature of soil or subsurface water as a heat source and sink for a heat pump. In winter, geother-mal heat exchange technology uses heat from subsurface water to heat buildings; in summer, thistechnology extracts heat from the building into subsurface water for cooling.

Gray Water: Wastewater that does not contain fecal contamination and originates from sinks,showers, and other related water sources. Gray water can be reused for irrigation after simplefiltration.

Greenfield: A land area that is essentially in its natural state with no constructions or otherimprovements that would have disrupted the original ecosystem.

Green Roofs: A passive low technology method that reduces roof stormwater runoff and heatuptake by installing a layer of diverse drought and sun tolerant plants in a matrix of soil andsupporting assemblies on the roof.

Heat Island Effect: The additional heating of the air over a city or other surface area as theresult of the replacement of vegetated surfaces with those composed of asphalt, concrete, roof-tops, and other man-made materials.

Heat Pump: A mechanical means to condition air by transferring heat energy, either byextracting it from low temperature air or discarding it from high temperature air to, respec-tively, heat or cool a space.

Heat Recovery Systems: Building mechanical systems that capture waste heat from anothersystem and use it to replace heat that would otherwise come from a primary energy source.

Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs): HCFCs are generally less detrimental to the depletionof stratospheric ozone than related chlorofluorocarbons. HCFCs are generally used to replaceCFCs where mandates require CFCs to be eliminated. A total ban on all CFCs and HCFCs isscheduled effective 2030.

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Indoor Air Quality (IAQ): The characteristics of interior air with regard to its temperature,humidity, and contaminants (dust, particulate matter, gases, pollen, dust mites, allergens, fumes,etc.) that impact human health, safety, and comfort.

Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ): The characteristics of the interior environment withregard to the impact of air quality, lighting, acoustics, and wayfinding on human health, safety,and comfort.

Integrated Design: A comprehensive design approach that considers the interrelated andsynergistic nature of a project�s components and systems in order to optimize energy and envi-ronmental performance.

Integrated Pest Management: A coordinated approach to pest control that is intended toprevent unacceptable levels of pests by the most cost�effective means with the least possiblehazard to building occupants, workers, and the environment.

Life-Cycle: All stages of a product�s life that extends from acquisition of raw materials throughprocessing, manufacturing, fabrication, use, renovation, reuse, and recycling.

Life Cycle Cost: The amortized annual cost of a product, including all capital costs, instal-lation costs, operating costs, maintenance costs, and disposal costs discounted over the life-time of a product.

Life Cycle Assessment: The comprehensive examination of a product�s environmental andeconomic aspects and potential impacts throughout its lifetime, including raw material ex-traction, transportation, manufacturing, use and disposal.

Light Pollution: Excess brightness in the sky resulting from direct and indirect lighting aboveurban areas. Light pollution has had a negative impact on the urban ecology, disrupting biologi-cal cycles in the plants and animals.

Light Shelf: A horizontally-placed light reflector.

Living Machine: A technology used to purify waste water (gray water or raw sewage) by the useof biological processes that absorb the nutrients, break down the toxins, and filter particulatematter using the biological action of mainly bacteria and plant roots.

Low-e Windows: �Low-e� (low emissivity) windows reflect heat, not light, and therefore keepspaces warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer.

Natural Capital: The resource services (filtration, storage, distribution, conversion, assimila-tion) that are provided by the non-renewable biological and geological processes (i.e., forests and

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oceans).

Natural Income: The renewable resources (trees, biomass, fish) that are produced by non-renewable biological and geological processes.

Non-renewable Resource: A resource that cannot be replaced in the environment as fast as itis being consumed. Fossil fuels (e.g., coal, petroleum, natural gas) are examples of nonrenewableenergy sources.

Optimization: Maximizing the performance of a facility system (lighting, HVAC, etc.) whileusing the least amount of materials possible. (See Integrated Design.)

Ozone: 1. Stratospheric ozone: In the stratosphere (the atmosphere layer beginning 7 to 10miles above the earth), ozone is a form of oxygen found naturally which provides a protec-tive layer shielding the earth from ultraviolet radiation�s harmful effects on humans and theenvironment. 2. Ground level ozone: Ozone produced near the earth�s surface through complexchemical reactions of nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and sunlight. Ground levelozone is the primary component of smog and is harmful to humans and the environment.

Particulate Matter: A state of matter in which solid or liquid substances exist in the formof aggregated molecules or particles. Airborne particulate matter is typically in the sizerange of 0.01 to 100 micrometers. Respirable particles are those, less than 10 micrometersin aerodynamic diameter, that penetrate into and are deposited in the nonciliated portion ofthe lung.

Photovoltaic Panels (PVs): Photovoltaic devices use semiconductor material to directlyconvert sunlight to electricity. Power is produced when sunlight strikes the semiconductormaterial and creates an electric current.

R-value: A measure of the thermal resistance of material.

Recycling: The activities of collection, separation, and processing by which waste or surplusmaterials are used in the manufacture of new products other than fuel for producing heat orpower by combustion.

Regenerative Design: A design strategy where a facility is designed and constructed so that itis able to replace some or all of the resources it uses through its own functional operations. Thefacility becomes a net producer of energy, water, material, and nutrient resources.

Renewable Energy: Energy resources such as wind power or solar energy that can keep pro-ducing indefinitely without being depleted.

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Sustainability: A principle that holds that economic growth can be managed so that naturalresources can be used in such a way that the resource needs of current and future generations areassured

Sustainable Design or Development: An approach to planning, design, and constructionthat embraces the concept of sustainability.

Task Lighting: Lighting that is occupant controlled and provides task appropriate lighting lo-cated at the site of the task activity.

Thermal Bridge: A highly conductive element such as a metal channel in the buildingenvelope that penetrates or bypasses the less conductive element such as insulation, and actsas a thermal short circuit through the insulation system.

Thermal Buffer: A space or other element that reduces the heating and cooling load onanother space located between the space and the exterior.

Universal Design: A design strategy in which the built environment is designed and constructedso that it provides healthy and safe services for all age groups and abilities without frequentfacility renovation or modification.

U-Value: The rate of heat flow in Btu/hr/sf/degrees through a construction assembly betweenthe inside and outside ambient air.

Variable Air Volume (VAV): Use of varying air flow to control the condition of air, incontrast to the use of constant flow (often) with varying temperature.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Chemicals that contain carbon molecules and arevolatile enough to evaporate from material surfaces into indoor air at normal room temperatures(referred to as off-gassing). Examples of building materials that may contain VOCs include, butare not limited to, solvents, paints, adhesives, carpeting, and particleboard. Signs and symptomsof VOC exposure may include eye and upper respiratory irritation, nasal congestion, headache,and dizziness.

Ventilation: The process of supplying or removing air by natural means (including infiltration)or mechanical means to or from a space for the purpose of controlling air contaminant levels,humidity, or temperature within the space. Mechanical ventilation is provided by mechanicallypowered equipment such as motor-driven fans and blowers but not by devices such as wind-

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driven turbine ventilators and mechanically operated windows. Natural ventilation is providedby thermal, wind, or diffusion effects through doors, windows, or other openings in the building.

Waste: The output of an activity or process that is not being used and is released into theenvironment.

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IV. Comparison Between High Performance Guidelines and LEED™ Version 2.0

Heading from High Performance Guidelines: Possible LEED� Comments:Triangle Region Public Facilities (Triangle HPG) Credits Credits

1.0 Quality Management 1 None Not included in LEED� 2.01.1 Basic Quality Management Required None Not included in LEED� 2.01.2 Comprehensive Building Commissioning 1 Required Triangle HPG revises LEED� 2.0

Building System Commissioning2.0 Site 19 142.1 Erosion and Sedimentation Control Required Required Triangle HPG does not reference

EPA document, only referencesstate and local standards and codes;references NC DENR standard intechnologies and strategies; addstwo deliverables.

2.2 Site Selection 1 1 Triangle HPG expands intent aswell as technologies and strategies toinclude local development plans;adds two requirement criteria andone deliverable.

2.3 Redevelopment2.3.1 Increase density on site 1 1 Triangle HPG removes the word

�urban� and the density figure of60,000 sq.ft. per acre; adds onedeliverable.

2.3.2 Increase density within existing infrastructure 1 None Not included in LEED� 2.02.4 Brownfield Redevelopment 1 1 Triangle HPG adds issue of �per-

ceived hazard� in technologies andstrategies; adds one deliverable.

2.5 Alternative Transportation2.5.1 Alternative Transportation-Project location 1 1 Triangle HPG expands require-

ment and deliverable to includetrails, greenways, and bikeways.

2.5.2 Alternative Transportation-Bicycle facilities 1 12.5.3 Alternative Transportation-Alternate fuel

vehicle parking 1 1 Triangle HPG stipulates preferredparking for alternative fuel vehicles,not installation of refueling stations,in requirement and deliverable.

2.5.4 Alternative Transportation- Preferred parkingspaces 1 1

2.5.5 Alternative Transportation-Pedestrian and bikeaccess 1 None Not included in LEED� 2.0

2.6 Site Disturbance Triangle HPG expands intent toinclude protection of culturallandmarks.

2.6.1 Site Disturbance-Cultural landmarks 1 None Not included in LEED� 2.02.6.2 Site Disturbance-Greenfield sites 1 1 Triangle HPG modifies require-

ment; adds one deliverable.2.6.3 Site Disturbance-Reduce footprint 30% 1 1 Triangle HPG modifies require-

ment and deliverable.2.6.4 Site Disturbance-Reduce footprint 40% 1 None Not included in LEED� 2.02.7 Stormwater Management2.7.1 Stormwater Management- Runoff 1 1 Triangle HPG expands require-

ment; adds max. and min. parkingrequirements to technologies andstrategies.

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2.7.2 Stormwater Management-Treatment systems 1 1 Triangle HPG stipulates NCDENR Water Quality DivisionBest Management Practices inrequirement and deliverables.

2.8 Heat Islands2.8.1 Heat Islands-General measures 1 1 Triangle HPG adds one deliverable.2.8.2 Heat Islands-Roofing systems 1 12.9 Light Pollution 1 1 Triangle HPG expands intent and

modifies requirement; adds onedeliverable.

2.10 Post-commissioning Monitoring 1 None Not included in LEED� 2.03.0 Water 9 53.1 Water Efficient Landscaping3.1.1 Water Efficient Landscaping-50% reduction in

water use 1 1 Triangle HPG includes ground-water in requirements; adds twodeliverables.

3.1.2 Water Efficient Landscaping-100% reductionin water use 1 1 Triangle HPG includes ground-

water and drought tolerant plants inrequirements; adds two deliverables.

3.2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies 1 13.3 Water Use Reduction Triangle HPG expands intent.3.3.1 Water Use Reduction-Reduce aggregate by 20% 1 1 Triangle HPG adds one deliverable.3.3.2 Water Use Reduction- Reduce aggregate by 30% 1 1 Triangle HPG adds one deliverable.3.3.3 Water Use Reduction-50% potable water from rain 1 None Not included in LEED� 2.03.3.4 Water Use Reduction-75% potable water from rain 1 None Not included in LEED� 2.03.3.5 Water Use Reduction-100% potable water from rain 1 None Not included in LEED� 2.03.4 Post-commissioning Monitoring 1 None Not included in LEED� 2.04.0 Energy and Atmosphere 22 17 Triangle HPG revises Building

System Commissioning fromLEED� and includes in QualityManagement section.

4.1 Minimum Energy Performance Required Required Triangle HPG expands and modifiesrequirement as well as technologiesand strategies to include state and localcodes and requirements; adds onedeliverable.

4.2 CFC Reduction in HVAC&R Required Required Triangle HPG adds one requirementand expands technologies andstrategies to include all materials andsystems be CFC-free.

4.3 Optimal Energy Performance- Triangle HPG measures energy con-New/Existing Buildings sumption in BTUs/Hour/SF;

changes points allocated; expandstechnologies and strategies; addsnumerous deliverables in projectphases of pre-design, design develop-ment, and construction documents.

4.3.1 Optimal Energy Performance-20%/10% 1 2 Triangle HPG decreases credit byone.

4.3.2 Optimal Energy Performance-30%/20% 3 34.3.3 Optimal Energy Performance-40%/30% 2 24.3.4 Optimal Energy Performance-50%/40% 2 24.3.5 Optimal Energy Performance-60%/50% 2 2

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4.4 Renewable Energy Triangle HPG increases points for alllevels 5%, 10%, and 20%; stipulatesenergy consumption, not energy cost;adds one deliverable.

4.4.1 Renewable Energy-5% renewable fuels 2 14.4.2 Renewable Energy-10% renewable fuels 2 14.4.3 Renewable Energy-20% renewable fuels 2 14.5 Elimination of HCFCs and Halons 1 1 Triangle HPG expands and modifies

requirement to include CFC phaseoutfor existing building reuse.

LEED Additional Commisioning None 1 See Quality Management heading inTriangle HPG.

4.6 Measurement and Verification Triangle HPG adds two new require-ments; adds �quality managementreport� to technologies and strategies;adds deliverables.

4.6.1 Measurement and Verification-Staff training 1 None Triangle HPG partially replacesLEED� 2.0 prerequisite for commis-sioning and requires staff training toensure system operates as designed.

4.6.2 Measurement and Verification-Energymanagement plan 1 None Triangle HPG requires energy

management plan with annual verifi-cation and documentation of systemsperformance.

4.6.3 Measurement and Verification-FollowIVMVP process 1 1

4.7 Green Power Triangle HPG adds two requirementsand deliverables.

4.7.1 Green Power-25% by grid 1 None4.7.2 Green Power-Purchase renewable power

or generate renewable power on site 1 1 Triangle HPG allows for LEED� 2.0point OR for a point by on-sitegeneration with net-metering.

5.0 Materials and Resources 20 135.1 Storage and Collection of Recyclables Required Required Triangle HPG modifies requirement---

addresses types of marketablerecyclable waste that might begenerated by building occupants;expands technologies and strategies.

5.2 Building Reuse Triangle HPG revises requirementsto exclude roof assemblies andinterior ceiling systems.

5.2.1 Building Reuse-75% of building structure and shell 1 1 Triangle HPG excludes roofassemblies.

5.2.2 Building Reuse-100% of building structure and shell 1 1 Triangle HPG excludes roofassemblies.

5.2.3 Building Reuse-100% of building structure andshell and 50% of interior walls and flooring 1 1 Triangle HPG excludes ceiling

systems.5.3 Construction Waste Management Triangle HPG expands the intent and

adds three requirements; addstechnologies and strategies as wellas deliverables.

5.3.1 Construction Waste Management-Developchecklist 1 None Not included in LEED� 2.0

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5.3.2 Construction Waste Management-Developmanagement plan 1 None Not included in LEED� 2.0

5.3.3 Construction Waste Management-Recycle/salvage 75% of grading and land clearing debris 1 None Not included in LEED� 2.0

5.3.4 Construction Waste Management- Recycle/salvage 50% of construction and demolition debris 1 1

5.3.5 Construction Waste Management- Recycle/salvage 75% of construction and demolition debris 1 1

5.4 Resource Reuse Triangle HPG modifies intent; addsone requirement and changes % ofother two; adds deliverables.

5.4.1 Resource Reuse-2% of building material salvagedor refurbished 1 1 Triangle HPG reduces % from

LEED� 2.0; excludes furniture,fixtures, and equipment.

5.4.2 Resource Reuse-5% of building material salvagedor refurbished 1 1 Triangle HPG reduces % from

LEED� 2.0; excludes furniture,fixtures, and equipment.

5.4.3 Resource Reuse-10% of furniture, fixtures,equipment 1 None Not included in LEED� 2.0

5.5 Recycled Content Triangle HPG expands intent, require-ments, and technologies and strategiesto include �site development�; modifiesdeliverables.

5.5.1 Recycled Content-25% of facility material 1 1 Triangle HPG includes site develop-contains 20% post-consumer material ment.

5.5.2 Recycled Content-50% of facility materialcontains 20% post-consumer material 1 1 Triangle HPG includes site

development.5.6 Local/Regional Materials Triangle HPG expands intent, require-

ment, and technologies and strategies toinclude �site development.�

5.6.1 Local/Regional Materials-20% materials manu-factured in 500 mile radius 1 1 Triangle HPG includes site

development.5.6.2 Local/Regional Materials-50% of above materials Triangle HPG changes manufacturing

are harvested within 500 mile radius 1 1 requirement to harvesting.5.7 Rapidly Renewable Materials 1 1 Triangle HPG reduces % from

LEED� 2.0.5.8 Certified Wood Triangle HPG expands the intent and

adds a requirement for 10% certifiedwood use.

5.8.1 Certified Wood-Minimum of 10% wood certified 1 None Not included in LEED� 2.05.8.2 Certified Wood-Minimum of 50% wood certified 1 15.9 Durable Materials5.9.1 Durable Materials-Do life cycle analysis for two

building systems 1 None Not included in LEED� 2.05.9.2 Durable Materials-Do life cycle analysis for two

additional building systems 1 None Not included in LEED� 2.06.0 Indoor Environment 25 156.1 Minimum Indoor Air Quality Required Required Triangle HPG adds requirement for

Performance CO monitoring system; expandstechnologies and strategies toinclude a �basic quality managementplan and report.�

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6.2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control Required Required Triangle HPG expands requirement toinclude a �basic quality managementplan�; adds one deliverable.

6.3 Carbon Dioxide Monitoring Triangle HPG expands intent; adds anew requirement and modifies one;expands technologies and strategies toinclude a �basic quality managementplan and report�; adds threedeliverables.

6.3.1 Carbon Dioxide Monitoring - Install monitoring 1 1 Triangle HPG adds an option:system 1000 ppm for indoor air at any time.

6.3.2 Carbon Dioxide Monitoring - Tie system into 1 None Not included in LEED� 2.0DDC system

6.4 Ventilation Effectiveness Triangle HPG expands a requirementand adds a requirement; expandstechnologies and strategies to addresscarbon dioxide monitoring; Addsdeliverables.

6.4.1 Ventilation Effectiveness-Air change effective- 1 1 Triangle HPG adds requirements ofness minimum EPA, NIOSH, or OSHA, whichever

is most stringent.6.4.2 Ventilation Effectiveness-Loading dock and 1 None Not included in LEED� 2.0

mechanical room ventilation6.5 Construction IAQ Management Plan Triangle HPG modifies requirements

and expands the technologies andstrategies.

6.5.1 Construction IAQ Management Plan-Minimum 1 1ventilation of facility during construction

6.5.2 Construction IAQ Management Plan-Building 1 1 Triangle HPG modifies flush outflushing procedure.

6.6 Low-emitting Materials Triangle HPG expands technologiesand strategies; adds one deliverable toall four points.

6.6.1 Low-emitting Materials-Adhesives 1 16.6.2 Low-emitting Materials-Paints and Coatings 1 16.6.3 Low-emitting Materials-Carpet systems 1 16.6.4 Low-emitting Materials-Composite materials 1 16.7 Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Triangle HPG expands intent; adds

Control one requirement; expands technologiesand strategies; adds two deliverables.

6.7.1 Indoor Source Control-Minimize cross- 1 1contamination

6.7.2 Indoor Source Control-Use good housekeeping 1 None Triangle HPG addresses postprotocols. construction housekeeping

procedures andproducts.

6.8 Controllability of Systems Triangle HPG adds one deliverable.6.8.1 Controllability of Systems-Min. number 1 1

of operable windows6.8.2 Controllability of Systems-Provide 1 1

individual controls6.9 Thermal Comfort Triangle HPG expands technologies

and strategies to include �basicquality management plan andreport�; adds two deliverables.

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6.9.1 Thermal Comfort-Comply with ASHRAE55-1992 1 1

6.9.2 Thermal Comfort-Install permanent temper-ature and humidity monitoring system 1 1

6.10 Daylighting and Views Triangle HPG modifies intent;expands technologies and strategies;adds deliverables.

6.10.1 Daylighting and Views-Daylighting factor of 2% 1 16.10.2 Daylighting and Views-Direct line of sight 1 16.11 Contaminant Monitoring Not included in LEED� 2.06.11.1 Contaminant Monitoring-Ozone 1 None6.11.2 Contaminant Monitoring-Radon 1 None6.11.3 Contaminant Monitoring-Nitric Oxide 1 None6.11.4 Contaminant Monitoring-Sulfur Dioxide 1 None6.11.5 Contaminant Monitoring-Fungus and Mold 1 None6.12 Acoustic Quality Not included in LEED� 2.06.12.1 Acoustic Quality-Design and select low

noise bulding systems 1 None6.12.2 Acoustic Quality-Maximum noise level

for building equipment 1 None7.0 Innovation 7 57.1 General Innovation Triangle HPG modifies the intent.7.1.1 Innovation-Level I 1 17.1.2 Innovation-Level II 1 17.1.3 Innovation-Level III 1 17.1.4 Innovation-Level IV 1 17.2 Professional Training Triangle HPG modifies intent; adds

three requirements; expands thetechnologies and strategies to addressregional participation; adds threedeliverables.

7.2.1 Accredited Professional-LEED CertifiedProfessional 1 1

7.2.2 Accredited Professional-Principal participanteducated at Triangle workshops 1 None Not applicable to LEED� .

7.2.3 Accredited Professional-Distribute lessonslearned 1 None Not included in LEED� 2.0.

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V. Copies of Documents

(A) Noise Provisions From Orange County (NC) Economic Development Districts Design Manual (asamended through August 20, 1996)

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