High Performance Commercial Buildings Initiative December 21,
2007 Energy efficiency, demand response, and Smart Buildings The
CITRIS project funded by the California Energy Commission Paul K.
Wright A. Martin Berlin Professor of Mechanical Engineering Acting
Director, CITRIS Slide 2 Conservation & Energy Efficiency:
Power-Aware Buildings 2005 202020352050206520802095 10.000 20.000
30.000 40.000 50.000 60.000 70.000 80.000 90.000 Emissions (MtCO 2
yr -1 ) Emissions to the atmosphere MiniCAM * CITRIS honors Energy
Commissioner Arthur Rosenfeld Slide 3 Wireless Technology for
Energy Efficiency & Demand Response Summer heat creates
over-demand for AC Avoid brown-outs (level the demand) during peak
usage with enabling technology: Meters, thermostats,
temperature-nodes: In ad hoc self-organizing wireless networks
Demand Response scenario: Smart Thermostat receives price signals
every hour (or, emergency signals ASAP) Users responses to price
points lower energy costs Slide 4 DR Applications running on motes
made in 2003-2006 2006 field deployments of REM multi-agent system
with sense and actuation utilizing multi-hop wsn. 2003 2004/5 2006
~2 inches Slide 5 Disaggregated Thermostat 7 sensors, 1 meter, 1
thermostat, 1 router 30days/Live 4 people Slide 6 Earlier successes
So far, the DR-ETD project has proven that microcomputers, cheaper
radios, TinyOS, MEMS sensors, energy scavenging and WSNs are the
enabling technology for a DR responsive system Enabling technology
for New Meter New Thermostat New TempNode Example of TempNode from
2004/5 publications Slide 7 New thermostat shows price of
electricity in /kWhr + expected monthly bill. New meter conveys
real-time usage, back to service provider. Wireless beacons (smart
dust) allow for fine-tuned comfort/control. Incoming price signals
Appliance lights show price level & appliances powered-down
Demand Response in a Smart House Slide 8
http://www.epa.gov/cleanrgy/pdf/keystone/PrusnekPrese ntation.pdf
estimates CA would need 10 new power plants by 2013 to meet
business as usual growth. But that Demand Response and Energy
Efficiency eliminate the need for 5 new plants which, in turn,
saves 9 million tons of CO2 emissions or a $10 billion in net
savings to consumers.
http://www.epa.gov/cleanrgy/pdf/keystone/PrusnekPrese ntation.pdf
Slide 9 SPP State-wide pricing pilot 2003 and 2004 Residential
No-tech --- gave 12% demand (peak) reduction Phone calls or pager
signals Max-tech --- gave 40% demand (peak) reduction Used ADRS
system ($1,800 per home: gateway box and computer-based
information, thermostat, etc..) Disaggregated Thermostats etc
should be reduced to Pico Cube 2006 >> DR cube 2009 Moteiv
CrossBow Sunspot Dust Crossbow PicoCube $10s $1s $0.1s $0.01s
Hitachi u-chip General Purpose ASIC 200320062012 Micro-integration
allows even cheaper platforms It doesnt get less expensive than
this DR Cube 2009 Slide 14 Summary: Micro-integration of Hardware,
Software, & Applications 10x cost reduction, 10x capability
increase Macro to micro UCB research Micro-computers Micro-radios
Micro-sensors Micro-power supplies DR software applications 2009
Slide 15 The way forward So far, the DR-ETD project has proven that
microcomputers, cheaper radios, TinyOS, MEMS sensors, energy
scavenging and WSNs are the enabling technology for a DR responsive
house Now we must make DR significantly less expensive and more
appealing to customers (integrated/seamless) Accelerate innovations
in the electricity sector by integrating technologies into packages
that dont exist in marketplace Package technology in
forms/footprints that meet energy/DR requirements Slide 16 Vision
for 2020 $/kWh $/gal cfm/river ppm/city $/ton ton/town kW/house Try
this Slide 17 Slide 18 Design concept: Permanent magnets and
piezoelectric Materials Permanent magnets can couple to the
magnetic fields surrounding AC current carriers Piezoelectric
materials can transducer the forces on the permanent magnet to an
output voltage piezoelectric bimorph permanent magnets appliance
power cord (cross-section view) rigid cantilever mounting output
voltage
