Table of Contents

HIGH ENERGY DEVICES...................................................................................................................................................1

SECTION 1: LASERS.........................................................................................................................................................2

INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................................................2HOW DO LASERS WORK?..................................................................................................................................................2

Wavelength...........................................................................................................................................................3Ablative vs Non-Ablative Lasers............................................................................................................................3Cold vs Hot Lasers.................................................................................................................................................4Fractional vs Non-Fractional Lasers......................................................................................................................5

WHAT DETERMINES SUCCESS OF LASER TREATMENTS?...........................................................................................................6LASER SAFETY.................................................................................................................................................................8WHAT CAN LASERS BE USED FOR?......................................................................................................................................9

Therapeutic Uses...................................................................................................................................................9Aesthetic Uses.....................................................................................................................................................11Laser Hair Removal.............................................................................................................................................11Tattoo Removal...................................................................................................................................................12Q-Switch vs PicoSure..........................................................................................................................................12

HOW TO PREPARE FOR A LASER SESSION...........................................................................................................................13

SECTION 2 - IPL.............................................................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................................................14HOW DOES IPL WORK?.................................................................................................................................................15WHAT CAN IPL BE USED FOR?........................................................................................................................................15

SECTION 3 - RADIOFREQUENCY...................................................................................................................................16

WHAT IS RADIOFREQUENCY?..........................................................................................................................................16HOW DOES RADIOFREQUENCY WORK?.............................................................................................................................16WHAT IS RADIOFREQUENCY USED FOR?............................................................................................................................16

SECTION 4 – OTHER ENERGY DEVICES.........................................................................................................................17

LED............................................................................................................................................................................17ULTRASOUND...............................................................................................................................................................17HIFU..........................................................................................................................................................................18JVR (ENERJET ™)....................................................................................................................................................18PLASMA PEN................................................................................................................................................................18FRF (FRACTION RADIOFREQUENCY)..................................................................................................................................19HEAT/COLD (SCULPSURE, COOLSCULPTING)......................................................................................................................19

High Energy Devices

Section 1: Lasers

Introduction

What is a laser? ‘Laser’ is an acronym for ‘Light Amplification by Stimulated Emissions of Radiation’. It is, in brief, a type of high energy device with a long history of safety in medical history, when used appropriately by experts.

In 2018, the Noble Prize in the field of physics (make this a link to an outside news article on the noble prize website for more click-throughs) and their contribution to the welfare of mankind was finally awarded to three imminent physicists for their ground-breaking inventions creating tools from beams of light, and distinguishing the benefits of those laser discoveries; Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland of Canada. This made Donna Strickland the third woman in history to receive this prestigious award.

Lasers are a form of energy. It’s a very specific form of energy that can be used traditionally for dealing with skin problems, but more often we are using them under context as well. They can be used both in a therapeutic context, or in the context of improving ones appearance. All laser treatments use energy to penetrate layers of the skin to promote tissue and cell repair.

The main thing about laser is that, being high energy devices, they are exceedingly effective. That is also why they are used only in specialist environments, because anyone really can fire a laser, but not everyone knows how to dial in the right settings and it’s that which determines the efficiency, effectiveness and the success.

At the Cadogan Clinic, Dr. Bryan Mayou was one of the first people who pioneered the use of lasers in the UK, along with some other industrious qualities that work and the Cadogan Clinic benefits from, as well as the safety structure.

How do lasers work?

There are three distinguishing features of laser light that make all the difference from other forms of energy and devices. The light is monochromatic, one single wavelength, which means the light is one single color. It is parallel light, which means we can use it to target very precisely because the light rays run parallel to each other. The light is also called linear, meaning that as the laser travels it doesn’t lose energy. They deliver an incredible amount of energy with each discharge.

All lasers have three main components: an energy source, a lasing medium, and a set of mirrors. When enough energy excites the lasing medium, electrons jump into higher orbits around the nucleus, and in returning to their original orbits, photons are released. Photons bounce off mirrors to amplify the effect. Hence the acronym laser (Light Amplification by

Stimulated Emission of Radiation). There are various ways in which this energy is then delivered to the target, including fibreoptic cables, a periscopic lens system or single bare fibers. Cooling systems are an additional and very useful adjunct which helps keep patients comfortable and safe, by draining away extra heat and cooling surrounding skin.

Why is laser good for treatments? Because it is selective. Laser works in the business of scar-less healing. How this works is by the laser picking out the stuff we don’t want, and leaving behind a little bit of dermis so that skin can re-grow from that same dermis so that it matches the surrounding skin in both color and content texture.

Different kinds of lasers can be separated into types.

Wavelength

Lasers can be distinguished by their wavelength, or rather by the color they work. The primary wavelengths of laser radiation are violet, ultraviolet and infrared. It is the wavelength that determines the visible color.

A laser will target a particular color. Whether we see this color or not, there are other colors that go beyond what the eyes can see. What determines the laser’s use depends on what we want to hit, the target. It’s always opposite colors.

Some lasers have very interesting names, for example the KPT laser, the K stands for ‘Kryptonite” in reference to the Superman comics. (Take out? Seems unnecessary random trivia.)

Ablative vs Non-Ablative Lasers

Lasers can also be distinguished by whether they ablate tissue or not, referred to as ablative or non-ablative lasers. Ablation is another word for destruction. This destruction can take many forms. It can either be in the form of a single beam, or in the form of a fraction beam.

Ablative Laser

An ablative laser is one that takes tissue away, removing the top layer of skin so that skin will re-grow to match the surrounding areas. Ablative lasers are more invasive that non-ablative lasers. It does take more time to recover from an ablative laser treatment, depending on the area treated there may be some crusting of the skin, swelling and discomfort.

Ablative laser treatments work well for patients who:

Have pitted, indented scarring on the face. Either from acne or other trauma. Are showing signs of wrinkles, sagging skin and significant ageing. Are looking for dramatic results fairly quickly.

Non-Ablative Laser

A non-ablative laser is one that does different things to tissues, so it changes the structure. It works by heating up the underlying skin layers, without any harm to the surface layers, and encouraging the production of new collagen. Non-ablative laser changes the hydration of tissues, it changes the chemical ways in which molecules react with each other.

Non-ablative lasers are best at refining the skin’s tone and texture. Multiple treatments are needed to see considerable results with this type of laser procedure, and the recovery time is minor compared to an ablative treatment.

Non-ablative treatments work well for patients who:

Have only moderate signs of wrinkles, sagging skin or ageing. Are prepared to have multiple treatments over time to see results. Are between ages 25-60.

Anything above 1000nm is classified as an ablative laser, anything below 1000nm is non-ablative. They are classified by the wavelengths and also the energy they use.

Cold vs Hot Lasers

There are the different energies that lasers work with. All lasers can be divided into either cold laser or hot laser.

Cold Laser

Cold lasers are called ‘cold’ because they work at low energy, they’re called ‘cold’ because the low light levels aren’t strong enough to heat the body’s tissues how ‘hot’ lasers do. They induce chemical changes in our skin, changing the chemistry in the skin in ways that we would like in order to see results in cellular growth and regeneration.

Cold lasers work by delivering photons to increase cellular energy. The photons are then converted into Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), by the Mitochondria. ATP is the main fuel source

of cells in the body. Cold lasers are commonly used by physiotherapists or post operatively sometimes to alter the reactions which the body produces after surgery.

Cold lasers are used for: Tissue repair Treatments of minor injuries Inflammation Wound healing Acupuncture Skin rejuvenation including acne, acne scars, burns, dermatitis, psoriasis and rashes

Hot Laser

Hot lasers are capable of cutting and burning tissue. They are tools that are commonly used in surgeries to replace standard tools such as scalpels, because they’re precise and do less damage to tissue. They tend to cause less swelling and bleeding, which also attributes to less recovery time for the patient.

Hot lasers are used for: Surgeries Dentistry Hair removal Tattoo removal

Fractional vs Non-Fractional Lasers

Laser resurfacing is a procedure used to treat wrinkles, scars and other blemishes. Resurfacing lasers use C02 in order to vaporize skin layer by layer, allowing heat to penetrate deep into the skin boosting collagen production. This is essentially a highly controlled injury which rejuvenates the skin. Laser works in two types, fractional and non-fractional.

Fractional Laser

A fractional laser is the lighter, more superficial type. There will be several regular treatments with a fractional laser to see results. Treatments improve the outer and inner layers of the skin.

It is mainly used to: Improving facial texture Removing superficial age spots Improving skin laxity (droopy or sagging skin)

Non-Fractional Laser

A fractional laser is a more intense version. This treatment will require either light sedation or injection of anesthesia. There will be a consultation to decide on the depth and treatment needed for the condition being treated.

It is mainly used for: Removing deeper wrinkles Scarring, such as acne scars Treating deep age spots Treating very droopy or sagging skin issues

What determines success of laser treatments?

There are several things that determine the success of a laser treatment. Most importantly of all is having the treatment performed by a knowledgeable and expert practitioner. There are so many variables that determine how lasers work and how successful it is, that only the expert practitioner who has performed multiple hundreds of procedures, backed up by a solid understanding of the principals and the physics of lasers, can deliver a good result.

At the Cadogan Clinic, we are fortunate to have a number of experts that work next to each other, bringing to patients both their general background, whether this is plastic surgery or dermatology, as well as their expertise on particular lasers to determine what laser and what energies are best for a particular condition.

The second thing is to determine what laser should be used for the treatment. It is quite important to understand that lasers are a very expensive machinery, and being of an highly expensive nature, the lasers need to be maintained. The maintenance of the machinery is essential to success. This leads to restrictions in equipment, and as such, many clinics may only have one or two types of lasers. When all you have is a hammer, every problem becomes a nail.

The Cadogan Clinic was one of the first to introduce lasers to London and have accumulated a variety of machinery, meaning that our experts have a selection of lasers to ensure successful treatments. This allows us to hone in on very specific treatments for a wide variety of conditions. It’s essential to have well established rules and safety protocols.

Thirdly, skin care has a very important role in determining the success of laser treatments.

We refer to the color wheel here, as an example, laser hits a particular color. For black hair on white skin, laser works really well. For black hair on black skin, it’s really difficult to treat but can be done, although risks or complications will increase.

Unfortunately, some colors by nature are difficult to treat, such as red hair in general is very difficult to target and that’s due to the chemical structure of the red hair. It can be done, however it’s indeed difficult.

(*not sure if this image is copywritten*)

Lasers work by acting on targets on the bases of their colour. Therefore one consideration in choosing the right laser is the wavelength of the energy it emits, as shown on the colour wheel (we can show some examples- please avoid absolutes like always). However the final choice also depends on the background colour of one’s skin, which may also interact with this energy.

How deep down in the skin the target is will also determine the success of the laser treatment. The further down the target is, the more difficult it is for the laser to work down to the root. On its way down the laser also has to contend with different molecules. Therefore, the expert practitioner will prepare the skin appropriately to reduce the chance of side effects happening.

The laser still depends upon the particular root to a large extent, and that is why it’s very important that you will be requested to do a test patch first for many conditions. A test patch allows the laser and the settings to be individualized and personalized to your particular condition and your particular skin type.

Aftercare is another major factor in successful treatment. Following your doctors advise on proper aftercare which oftentimes including attention to regular sun protection and moisturization.

Laser Safety

There are two classes of laser safety standards which are used internationally:

International Electrotechincal Commission (IEC) 60825; which has been adopted in the UK as the British Standard BS EN 60825-1:1994 “Safety of Laser Products. Part 1 Equipment classification, requirements and user’s guide.”

American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z136

The objectives of the Standard are to protect people from laser radiation, reduce possibilities of risk or injury, ensure adequate warnings of hazards and lay down requirements for user and manufacturer to establish procedures.

The British Standard is divided into three main sections; General, Manufacturing Requirements and User’s Guide. Lasers are broken down into several hazard classifications, the detailed tables can be found inside the British Standard. (link?)

Limits have been set for exposure to nearly all types of laser radiation, which are referred to as Maximum Permissible Exposures (MPEs). MPEs are the safe levels of exposure which a person can be subjected to without suffering any negative effects. MPEs are distinguished by the wavelength of the individual laser and the duration of exposure.

Engineering Safety

Engineering controls have been established to remove the necessity of following laborious procedures as well as diminishing the possibilities of failure of personal protection equipment. The engineering of the laser allows the safety features to be built into the laser equipment.

Some examples of Engineering safety controls are: Remote interlocks Key controls Beam enclosures Protective filter installations

Administrative Safety

Administrative controls are established alongside procedural controls in order to supplement engineering safety. This ensures that the expert and any persons using the laser are protected from laser hazards.

Some examples of Administrative safety controls are: Proper signage Safety protocols Proper training and instruction Regular maintenance and servicing

Personal Protective Equipment

Personal protective equipment should be used to protect both the technician and the patient from any laser hazards. Depending on what type of treatment is being performed, there are various types of eye protection used, and on rare occasions, protective clothing may be used.

Laser eye protection is based on several factors including the wavelength being used for treatment, the MPE, visible light transmission requirements and adequate vision.

Laser Protocols

With any laser there are protocols that are developed and implemented before use. Protocols include important factors such as the use of a specific laser, a designated area for use, type of laser being used for treatment, training of the technician and the use of personal protective equipment.

What can lasers be used for?

Broadly speaking, lasers can be used for both therapeutic and aesthetic purposes, but it’s important to note that often times these indications co-exist. A laser, in expert hands, can be used in more ways than one.

Therapeutic Uses

In the therapeutic capacity, laser can be used to treat:**(JO/KATHRYN: for each bold condition, please link to the corresponding treatment page)**

A variety of Scars such as: o Atrophic scars, which are sunken in scars such as acne or stretch marks:

Acne scars, such as burnt out acne that is no longer active/infected that has left the patient with indentation or non-smooth looking skin. For acne, the best results are with a combination of treatments (link to acne treatments)

Stretch marks, which occurred for example after pregnancy or after some weight-loss. Areas that can be targeted include the thighs, arms and tummy

o Overgrown scars, including hypertrophic and keloid scars which are a thick, wide, raised scar that occurs where skin has been injured. When treating these

it’s normally combined with medication or a prescription that’s administered either at the same time as treatment or afterwards.

o Burn scarso Post-surgical scars

Certain birthmarks can be treated. Broadly, birthmarks of color can be divided as either malformations or anomalies.

Laser is particularly good at treating some vascular anomalies, such as port wine stains.

Vascular malformations which heal over time, leaving behind residual excess or dimpled skin

Blood flow legions, such dilated vessels in the face called telangiectasia.

Superficial veins in the lower legs.

Some pigmentation disorders and/or lesions which can happen from birth (such as nevi of ota) or acquired, such as solar lentigo.

There are also some pigmented legions that are difficult to treat and require intensive pre and post therapy, such as melasma, which is best treated by a dermatologist with laser being a last resort role.

The can also be used to treat precancerous conditions, bad skin conditions like Rosacea, Rhinophyma and Bowman’s disease, however only by an expert practitioner and within context of nationally agreed guidelines.

Simple moles, as well as any non-cancerous legions within the dermis can also be ablated by laser.

Some skin cancers can be treated by laser in expert hands, including basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas in situ.

Laser is particularly good at treating infections such as verruca vulgaris, or plantar warts. Especially when they have proven resistant to other treatments.

Laser is also good at treating condylomas, an infection of the genitals. Particularly in patients who have suppressed immune systems and where other treatments like cryotherapy have failed.

Aesthetic Uses

On the aesthetic side, lasers can be used to treat:

Lines of age and wrinkles on the face Resurfacing the skin on the face, there is a role for lasers in face-lifting, especially when

the problem is caused purely by excess skin. Keep in mind that laser is less effective below the jawline

Barcodes around the mouth, the wrinkles formed with age in the corners of the mouth, also known as marionet lines

Blepharoplasty, eyelid surgery, can also be done using laser treatment to improve lines and wrinkles around the eyes

Some use in areas of the décolleté (add a link to IPL)

Laser can also be used to address particular symptoms after scars occur from surgery or burns. Some patients may have a feeling of itch, tightness and contraction where the scarring is. This can almost feel as though their skin is bound by a straight-jacket. Some lasers are very good at treating those kinds of symptoms by using fraction laser and scar release.

There is also the role of laser in subcutaneous legions. A new kind of laser has been developed and is available in the UK, where the laser uses a single fibre laser thinner than the breadth of a hair, to target things under the skin. Including single fiber lasers that go under the skin, narrower than a single hair, and which can be used to perform various procedures such as an Endolift ® facelift, and/ or perform microliposcultpure/ and/ or target some vascular inesthetisms. These highly specialist procedures will be shortly available at the Cadogan clinic.

Laser Hair Removal

The second major application of lasers is in epilation. Laser epilation is commonly known as Laser Hair Removal (link to treatment). It uses a concentrated laser beam to remove unwanted hair. The laser is absorbed by the pigment in the hair and the light energy is converted into heat, damaging the hair follicles and over time stopping the growth of hair in the treated areas.

You will require multiple treatments to see lasting results with this procedure. Laser hair removal can require anywhere from two to eight treatments depending on different factors. The time allotted between treatments will depend on the location of the hair being targeted. On areas where the hair grows back quickly, such as upper lip or eyebrows, treatment can usually be repeated in 4-8 weeks. On areas where hair grows back slower, such as the legs or bikini line, areas may be treated again in 12-14 weeks.

This is a very popular laser treatment, and many people choose to have laser hair removal on all different areas of their bodies including legs, underarms, face and bikini. It’s possible to remove unwanted hair in any areas, with the exception of the eyelid and the delicate surrounding areas.

The procedure may be uncomfortable either during the laser treatment or afterwards, but your doctor can give you creams to help with any pain or discomfort. At the Cadogan Clinic we have special machines such as cold air blowers which can make your procedure more pleasant and allow us to target more areas of concern.

Tattoo Removal

Lasers are excellent for tattoo removal. The process works by delivering laser energy to target the carbon particles or ink dyes in the skin, allowing for targeted, selective destruction of the foreign pigment while minimizing damage to any surrounding skin.

Over a series of laser sessions, tattoos are removed by the laser using energy to break down the tattoo into tiny fragments which are then carried out of the body via that bloodstream, as the immune system would carry out any other type of unwanted foreign object. Each laser treatment lightens the color of the tattoo until finally nothing remains.

This is a safe treatment when performed by an expert, and with the technological advances in lasers we are able to remove tattoos of any ink color. There are some challenges involved due to different skin colors, which is why it’s important to have your tattoo removal performed by an expert with years of successful treatments completed.

The treatment time varies for different types of tattoos, different colors and factors such as how deep the tattoo was applied into the skin.

Q-Switch vs PicoSure

Traditionally, laser tattoo removal has been done with the Q-Switch Laser, which is a very high energy laser called a megawatt laser. As the name implies it is a nanosecond laser. It is also a non-ablative laser, meaning it does not destroy the skin tissue, instead only targeting the colored ink of the tattoo.

At the Cadogan Clinic we have the advantage of the latest generation laser, which is the PicoSure Laser. This is a gigawatt laser, which is safer to use on darker skins types. Such lasers can also be used more effectively for doing tattoos. (ADD LINK TO THE KIRBY DESIGN SCALE)

The Kirby Design Scale is designed to tell you how many treatments you will need for your tattoo to be removed. This is determined by several factors including skin tone, ink quality, how much ink is done, how many layers of ink, where in the body the tattoo is and so on.

However, exploratory studies done by Dr. Ernest Azzopardi have shown that Pico second laser reduces the need for repeated treatments by three appointments or more.

For tattoos, the best results always require more than one treatment, depending on many factors it could require 6 or more treatments until your tattoo fully disappears.

How to prepare for a laser session

When preparing for a laser session it’s important to discuss any medications you’re taking with your surgeon to ensure that nothing you’re taking interferes with the treatment. Such medications include some forms of antibiotics, Accutane and retinoic acids. Studies have shown that laser is contraindicative when these medications are being used, showing that the skin doesn’t heal as well after treatment. Although this debate has been ongoing for some time now, this is best discussed with your specialist.

You will need to remove any and all make-up before having a treatment with any types of laser. Make-up has sources of color in it and can interfere with the laser. In the summer months, it’s important that you do not apply any type of sunscreen to the areas being treated for at least 24 hours prior to treatment.

It’s important to note that if you have any type of tan to your skin, because the laser will pick up the pigment from the tan instead of the pigment that we are targeting. It is a bad idea to get a laser treatment if you’re planning to get sun tanned the day after or if you’re planning a vacation or trip to the beach etc. Un-tanned skin is the best to be treated with laser.

For patients with dark skin types, particular skin preparation regimes may be appropriate and therefore together with a test patch and a consultation means that there is a process put in place.

Laser treatment is not a one size fits all treatment. The consultation is essential to determining the best method for your particular skin type and condition. Laser is never a one-off treatment. Often times, the best results are achieved through multiple treatments. Your specialist will put together a protocol of treatments that allows for enough time for the desired effect to be achieved, as well as allowing enough time between sessions for the skin to recover.

Oftentimes the skin will continue to improve in the treated area as time passes, and those effects are often permanent. For example the advantages of using laser for a facelift is that it’s targeting the problem at its core. Laser improves the laying down and creation of new collagen,

tightens structures and improves epidermal turnover and it takes away the impurities depending on what laser you use.

After laser you need to make sure that your skin doesn’t pick up any sun, this involves putting on SPF 50+ once every two hours when out in the sun, and once a day when staying mostly indoors. It is important to discuss an aftercare treatment for moisturization with your specialist.

Depending on what lasers you used, you may find that your skin peels or sheds. This is a very common occurrence and you may be asked to go on antivirus medication if areas near your lips are treated, and sometimes antibiotics or antifungals depending upon the case.

Following post-treatment advice is essential for the best success. Adhering to the recommendations on skin care regimes after treatment will ensure that you have excellent results. Failure to follow the regime set out by your surgeon can result in some risks and even damage.

Section 2 - IPL

Introduction

What is IPL? IPL stands for Intense Pulse Light. It varies considerably from laser. It is essentially normal light with a filter on both side, so you can put the spectrum of light. We have a spectrum sizing from 300, starting from violet going on to the green, on to the red, and so on. Then you put a cut off on either end.

What IPL does is it cuts off certain ranges of light, impure lights. The light is non-parallel traveling, so it is non-colinear and non-collineated, which means that high energies are required to reach a particular result.

People often speak about IPL being the safer kind of treatment, however quite the opposite is true. That is why we have aestheticians with multiple years of experience who know their job really well and can liaise with our dermatologists and surgeons to come to a joint decision on what is best with the patient.

How does IPL work?

IPL essentially works by recruiting a particular segment of the light spectrum. It is good because it can work over much larger surface areas. IPL can therefore target different kinds of legions at the same time, as there is overlap, often this is a plus side of the treatment. But sometimes is can make the treatment decision slightly more specialized.

**ADD MORE INFORMATION**

IPL works by using an interface gel. So when you come to the clinic you will have a cold gel applied to your skin before the crystal is put on. This is both for your safety and comfort, because the gel will be cold and moist, therefore making your skin much more tolerant to the energy being delivered by the IPL. The gel also improves the contact efficiency and the transmission of energy, making it safer to use.

What can IPL be used for?

IPL can safely be used for the treatment of:

Hair removal Removal of vascular legions Removal of redness Rosacea Areas on the décolletage Very superficial veins in the lower limbs and face Skin conditions such as erythroplasia queyrat. These conditions should be treated only

in expert hands.

Section 3 - Radiofrequency

What is Radiofrequency?

Radiofrequency is another form of energy, these wavelengths are different and they work in different ways. They go deeper into the skin. They can be used to plump up the skin and in areas of scarring.

They can be used for various purposes starting off with aesthetic uses, including skin remodeling and it can also be used to target structures including nerves, arteries and others.

How does Radiofrequency work?

Radiofrequency works by the application of a cosmetic gel and a heated wand being swept over the skin in circular motions. The wand heats the skin in the treated area, allowing the brain to think that there has been an injury, therefore stimulating the healing process.

This stimulated healing process causes a boost in collagen and tightening of elastin. The tightening of the elastin can be instantaneous, allowing you to see results after the first treatment. This treatment also stimulates fat cell reduction.

Your doctor will set a protocol of treatments for you to undergo that can range anywhere from 4-8 treatments, with 2 treatments a week until completion. Due to the nature of the treatment, you will continue to notice results up to 3 months after your final treatment. The skin continues to regenerate and produce new collagen.

What is Radiofrequency used for?

Radiofrequency is used to treat several different skin conditions including:

Toning the skin Varicose in the lower limbs Pain treatment Nerve treatment

Section 4 – Other Energy Devices

LED

LED light therapy is another form of energy used to treat skin conditions such as acne, wrinkles, sagging skin as well as other age related problems. It is painless and non-invasive. It works by light-emitting diodes sending low-level light energy into the skin’s deeper layers.

There are different colored LED lights that target different conditions.

Red LED light stimulates cellular activity. This helps to boost collagen production and therefore minimizing fine lines, wrinkles and stretch marks, as well as boosting the plumpness of your skin.

Blue LED light stimulates the destruction of acne bacteria, called Propionibacterium, and therefore is a good method for treating mild to moderate acne breakouts.

LED’s can be used to activate different medicines on the skin.

LED treatments are done on a repeat basis, normally with a protocol of 4-6 treatments, with a one or two week space between each session. Afterwards, you can have a touch up treatment performed every few months.

Ultrasound

Ultrasound therapy can be used to treat moderate ageing problems such as sagging skin, wrinkles and boosting collagen production. One method of treatment is called Ultherapy.

Ultherapy works by using a non-invasive form of ultrasound energy. It delivers the wavelengths to 5mm under the skin, which means it can penetrate the second layer of muscles underneath the facial muscles. The deeper the treatment is able to penetrate the skin, the better collagen boosting results you will have.

After receiving an ultrasound treatment you will continue to see results appearing for three to six months. One treatment alone is normally enough, however some patients may be advised to have one to three sessions in order to see their desired results.

HIFU

HIFU is an acronym for High-Intensity focused ultrasound. This is a non-invasive skin tightening treatment that uses ultrasound energy to encourage collagen production, resulting in firmer skin.

HIFU uses the focused ultrasound energy to heat up the targeted layers of the skin. One reaching a certain temperature, the cells experience damage, which then causes the production of collagen to increase. It does this without any damage to the surrounding skin tissue.

HIFU is used to in cosmetic surgery to treat fine lines, wrinkles, smoothing the décolletage, brow lifts, face lifts, smoothing face and neck skin, and body contouring.

JVR (Enerjet ™)

Enerjet™ is a derma remodelling system that works by introducing a jet of hyaluronic acid (HA) directly onto the skin in order to immediately hydrate the tissues, improving the appearance of the skin. Enerjet™ also uses a mechanical energy that creates a minor trauma in the skin tissue, thereby stimulating collagen production.

Skin will immediately have a boost of rejuvenation, hydration and appear fuller. This will subside over time, as the effects of HA are only temporary, leaving behind the long-term boost in collagen production.

Enerjet™ is used to treat acne scarring, wrinkles, stretch marks and surgical scarring. It can also be used to treat signs of ageing in other places on the body such as the décolletage, neck and backs of hands. This is a non-invasive treatment that delivers excellent results.

Plasma pen

The plasma pen is an advanced, non-invasive skin rejuvenating device. It targets loose, sagging skin through delivering soft plasma fibroblasts. The plasma tightens the skin, visibly lifting and resurfacing it.

The plasma pen works by converting electrical energy into gaseous diatomic molecular nitrogen, then transferring that gas into the skin’s surface. The gas causes a micro trauma to the top layers of the skin, while also heating up the deeper layers. This process is called fibroblasts.

Plasma pen treatment works well on:

Acne scars Lines and wrinkles Deep forehead lines Lines around the mouth The eye area, crow’s feet and eye bags Necklines Jowls

FRF (fraction radiofrequency)

FRF (Fraction Radiofrequency) combines Radiofrequency and Micro-needling technologies to treat various skin conditions such as wrinkles, acne scars, lines, help smooth out the décolletage and to correct pigmentation issues.

Heat/Cold (Sculpsure, CoolSculpting)

CoolSculpting and Sculpsure both energy to induce lipolysis in the body’s tissue (the destruction and depletion of fat cells). They are both non-invasive body contouring treatments that don’t require any downtime. While they both work to reduce and remove fat cells, they have different energy modalities that treat fat in different ways.

CoolSculpting

CoolSculpting is done through cold therapy, called cryoliplysis, which freezes fat cells to death. Fat is placed between two panels that freeze the fat. Frozen fat cells are then considered dead, and all dead fat cells are excreted out of the body via the liver. This process of elimination takes several weeks, and you can see results up to three months after treatment.

Sculpsure

Sculpsure uses laser technology to melt fat cells away using heat, as opposed to the cold therapy used in CoolSculpting. The heated laser is delivered through a belt that uses specific wavelengths to heat up and eliminate fat cells. Heating the fat cells kills them, and the dead fat cells are then carried out through the liver in the same manner that CoolSculpting eliminates the dead cells. Your body’s lymphatic system naturally flushes out any dead cells over the course of the next 12 weeks following treatment.