HIERARCHY OF SPACE

ROADING HIERARCHY

OPEN SPACE HIERARCHY

ROADING HIERARCHYSTRUCTURE:

Good roading structure for an urban area is based on an interconnected series of hierarchies.

1. High Streets : the original radial routes into a city, linking subcentres and main shopping streets within each centre. It is usually a focal point for shops and retailers in city centres, and is most often used in reference to retailing.

ROADING HIERARCHY

2. Secondary Streets : provide the main circulation routes within communities, rather than between them. They generally include a mix of uses, including local shopping and business, with the balance being residential.

ROADING HIERARCHY

3. Residential (Tertiary) Streets : carry only a small amount of traffic and cater for few people other than those who live or work there. These streets serve as a focus for local communities. They also need to accommodate parked cars and community activity (such as children playing). These streets account for the majority of streets in an urban area.

ROADING HIERARCHY

4. Lanes : these are roadways that service a group of houses within a block. Where possible these should have the same qualities as anordinary street. They should be overlooked, fronted onto and connected at both ends.

ROADING HIERARCHY

LEGEND:

1 – HIGH STREETS 2 – SECONDARY STREETS3 – RESIDENTIALSTREETS4 – LANES

PUBLIC OPEN SPACE Public open space

needs to be accessible to as much of the public as possible. The size and scale will be relative to its location in the roading hierarchy - major parks need to be beside major streets, and residential scale parks need to be beside residential streets.

PUBLIC OPEN SPACE

These three are the fundamental organizing elements of new urbanism.

neighborhood

districts

corridors

NEIGHBORHOODSAre urbanized areas with a balanced mix of human activity. Generally defined spatially as a specific geographic area and functionally as a set of social networks.

NEIGHBORHOODS

Districts are areas dominated by a single activity.

DISTRICTS

Corridors are connectors and separators of neighborhoods and districts.

DISTRICTS

CORRIDORS

The form of new urbanism is realized by the deliberate assembly of streets, blocks and buildings.

STREETSBLOCKS

BUILDINGS

Streets are not the dividing lines within the city, but are to be communal rooms and passages.

DISTRICTS

STREETS

Blocks are the fields on which unfolds both the building fabric and the plastic realm of the city.

BLOCKS

Buildings are the smallest increment, their proper configuration and placement relative to each other determines the character of each settlement.

BUILDINGS

Urban models

• Concentratic Zone Theory• Sector Model• Multiple Nuclei Model• Urban Realms

To describe the land use patterns in the traditional North American city.

Concentratic Zone Theory

• Attributedto the research of E.W.Burgess

• Derived frm a Central Business District at the Center, around which all other uses formed

• Includes transition zone• Simplicity has stood test of time

Sector Model

• Economist Homer Hoyt in 1939

• Uses grow with the CBD in specific directions

• Most cities grow in the direction of the higher income

Multiple Nuclei Model

• Geographers Chauncy Harris and Edward Pulliman

• Alternative conceptualization of urban form

• Recognizes that different activities have varying accessibility requirements.

Urban Realms• Sociologist James Vance• Under the observation of the three

previous conceptualizations, rather than one exclusively

• Emergence of large self-sufficient suburban sectors

• Culmination of the impact of the automobile on the urban form

• Best application was the Metropolitan Los Angeles, U.S.A