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HIBISCUS
General Objective
Impact of tropical convection on the stratosphere at global scale
Specific objectives :
• Past and present meteorological analyses
• Vertical and horizontal transport
• Clouds and microphysics
• Source of stratospheric water vapour
• Chemistry, impact of lightning and pollution
• Satellite validation
5th EC framework programme (2002-2004)
Scientific objectives
– Tracers for Convection and vertical transport
– H2O and dehydration mechanisms in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL)
– Aerosols, sub-visible cirrus clouds microphysics and radiative impact
– Chemistry : impact of lifted short lived species, clouds, NOx from thunderstorms, impact on ozone.
– Meso-scale and small scale horizontal and vertical waves– Testing of meteorological models (temperature, winds)
– Global scale meridional transport through the tropical barrier
– Satellite data validation (ESA-Envisat, NASA - Sage III) and interpretation
Meso-scale (typ. 500 km) : small short duration balloon flights for high resolution in the TTL Global scale : long duration balloon flights around the world (MIR and BPS)
HIBISCUS is to study the impact of tropical convection on the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) at meso- and global scale
30
25
20
15
10
5-80 -60 -40 -20
Temperature (°C)
23 Feb 12 UT
Stratosphere
Troposphere
TTL
Cold point
Summer
Tropopause
OSCAR FAYSatellite Image composite 25 March 2004
Hurricane Season Dec-April: SW Indian NE Indian W Pacific
12.4/yr 9.9/yr 6.4/yr
Eq
Convection at the Tropics in SH summer
Maritime Continent
SACZSPCZ ITCZ
HIBISCUS Global scale
• Long duration constant level flights at 18/19 km in LS: Met models, gravity / inertia waves, O3, H2O
• Long duration MIR flights: ozone, NOx, H2O, clouds, 6 to 25 km
• ENVISAT- GOMOS: O3, NO2, H2O, T, 15-60 km
• ODIN-SMR : O3, N2O, H2O, HDO, H2O isotopes, 15-50 km
• Other satellite instruments, SHADOZ ozonesondes
• REPROBUS, TOMCAT, LMDz photochemical models
• MIMOSA PV contour advection
(Preliminary flight tests in 2001 and 2003)
Global scale : Stratospheric super-pressure balloons (BPS)
• Constant density level
• 60 or 80 hPa ; 10 m or 8.5 m diameter
• 20 to 30 kg at hook
• LMD Rumba gondola : in situ P,T, wind, 3D location every 15 minutes
• 6 HIBISCUS flights with UCAM O3/H2O (x 3) or LMD Turbulence (x 3)
BP D1, Feb 29th 2004
Stratospheric super-pressure balloons (BPS)
Bauru• Height flights at 80 and 60 hPa
• P, T, GPS loc and alt •Launch dates : from Feb 06th to March 11th 2004
• Flight durations : up to 79 days
• 25 000 observation points
Courtesy : A. Hertzog
MIR µ-LidarLaunch : March 10th, 20047 days Cirrus and Anvils
Infra-red Montgolfier (MIR)
• 45 000 m3
• ~ 60kg at hook
• Day/night excursion : 28 km/20-22 km
• Remote sensing in the UT/LS
• SA SAOZ Vis-near IR spectrometer : chemistry, clouds, H2O (x 2)
• ENEA Micro-lidar : clouds (x 1)
• IR radiometer
• CNES Inmarsat gondola (TM,TC)
MIR-SAOZ #2Launch : Feb 26th, 200439 days70 profiles
MIR-SAOZ #1, Feb 04th 2004
100806040200O3 variability (std dev %)
MIR-SAOZ
SHADOZGOMOS
SMR-ODIN
MIPAS
OSIRIS-ODIN
HALOE
-100 -50 0 50 100Relative Difference (%)
OSIRIS
MIPAS
SMR-ODIN
HALOE
SHADOZ
GOMOS
35
30
25
20
15
6x1012543210Number density
MIR-SAOZ
SMR-ODIN
GOMOS
SHADOZ
MIPAS
OSIRIS
HALOE
Satellites and sondes at 22±5°S in February 2003
Mean profile Difference with SAOZ Variability
Bias and alt. registration Precision
Satellites: - Excellent coverage in stratosphere (accuracy dependent on technique)
- Little reliable in tropical troposphere
350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
25
20
15
10
5
0
40 30
30
20
5 5
-10
-10
-20
-50 -50
-20
∆Z 360-340 K
O3 DEVIATION (%)
Walker Circulation (Newel 1979)
Ozone at 20°S MIR SAOZ March 2001
% deviation from zonal mean
Minima in TTL over convective areas, particularly maritime (O3 destruction at surface level over Ocean), Maxima over subsident regions (meridional horizontal transport)
Ozone distribution mainly controlled by transport (quasi-horizontalfrom mid-latitude and vertical by convection
350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
25
20
15
10
5
0
2000
1500
1000
500
0
60
20
20
20 0
0 0
-20
-20
-30
-30
-50
NO2 DEVIATION (%)
∆Z 360-340 KLIS Flashes
NO2 MIR-SAOZ 2001 20°S
% deviation from zonal mean
Maximum in UT over continental convection (200 ppt)
Minimum over Maritime areas (60 ppt)
SAOZ H2O
590, 760, 940 nm
(2004 only)
GOMOS
First H2O profiles
ODIN SMR
O3, N2O
H2O, H2O isotopes
HIBISCUS Global scale
• BP data archived
• MIR SAOZ / µlidar, radiometer data almost fully processed (already partly archived)
• Preliminary GOMOS O3, NO2 (nighttime), H2O, T, and clouds
• ODIN SMR + ODIN OSIRIS also available
• MIMOSA PV (5 K, 6 h) available
• REPROBUS CTM available, new run 3h steps in progress
• TOMCAT, LMDz, MIMOSA-chem, very soon
Analysis and discussion at further workshop in Europe in early 2005